WO2012005303A1 - 生体光計測装置およびそれを用いた生体光計測方法 - Google Patents
生体光計測装置およびそれを用いた生体光計測方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012005303A1 WO2012005303A1 PCT/JP2011/065505 JP2011065505W WO2012005303A1 WO 2012005303 A1 WO2012005303 A1 WO 2012005303A1 JP 2011065505 W JP2011065505 W JP 2011065505W WO 2012005303 A1 WO2012005303 A1 WO 2012005303A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0033—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; Arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room
- A61B5/004—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; Arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room adapted for image acquisition of a particular organ or body part
- A61B5/0042—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; Arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room adapted for image acquisition of a particular organ or body part for the brain
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0075—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6814—Head
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for separating and removing the influence of surface layer components such as a skin blood flow component mixed with a signal component in a biological light measurement device using visible light or near infrared light.
- the brain function measuring apparatus using near infrared spectroscopy can be used as medical and research equipment, or for market research such as confirmation of educational and rehabilitation effects, health management at home, and product monitoring. Moreover, it can be used for tissue oxygen saturation measurement and muscle oxygen metabolism measurement by the same method. Furthermore, it can be used for general absorption spectroscopy equipment, such as sugar content measurement of fruits.
- a conventional brain function measurement device using near-infrared spectroscopy has an optical topography method (OT: Optical topography) that noninvasively images local hemodynamic changes near the surface of the human brain. is there.
- the optical topography method irradiates the subject with light having a wavelength in the visible to infrared region, detects the light passing through the subject within a few centimeters with a photodetector, and detects the change in hemoglobin concentration (or hemoglobin concentration). And the optical path length product change amount) and imaged two-dimensionally (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- PET positron tomography
- NIRS signal light detection signal and biological signal obtained by non-invasive optical brain functional imaging using NIRS, including optical topography
- the head structure is assumed to be a two-layer model, and it is necessary to further assume the partial average optical path length of each layer, but it is difficult to estimate the optical path length of the subject.
- a subtraction method using an adaptive filter has been proposed.
- the skin blood flow signal is removed by subtracting the value multiplied by (for example, see Non-Patent Document 3).
- a subtraction method using linear regression a method for obtaining a brain activity signal by subtracting a fitting signal obtained by linear regression of short SD data into long SD data from the long SD data has been proposed (for example, non-patent literature). 4).
- Patent Document 2 aims to provide an optical measurement device capable of removing unnecessary information due to skin blood flow or the like using a light transmitting / receiving unit having a plurality of light transmitting probes and a plurality of light receiving probes. There is a method in which a plurality of irradiation-detector pairs are arranged so that the midpoints are equal, measurement is performed, and unnecessary information is removed by arithmetic processing.
- Patent Document 3 describes an apparatus configuration that uses two detectors for one light source, and appropriately distinguishes information obtained from the two detectors, thereby causing overlap with adjacent tissues. There are ways to obtain results that mainly characterize the state in the brain tissue itself without the effect of doing so. Further, Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6 have a method of calculating a change in absorbance and performing an operation such as subtraction on long SD data and short SD data. However, these methods have the following problems.
- fitting the short SD data to the long SD data means that if the skin blood flow signal and the cerebral blood flow signal are not independent, that is, if there is a correlation between the skin blood flow signal and the cerebral blood flow signal, the long SD data Therefore, the possibility of removing the cerebral blood flow signal cannot be excluded.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a method of separating a signal into a plurality of independent components by independent component analysis and uses those wide areas to remove unnecessary components
- Patent Document 8 discloses independent component analysis by independent component analysis.
- a method in which a signal is separated into a plurality of independent components and unnecessary components are removed using a reference signal other than the brain function measurement signal.
- This method is an analysis method based on the assumption that skin blood flow has a wide area. If that assumption does not hold, it will be difficult to apply. Therefore, a more robust and versatile analysis method and apparatus configuration for separating brain-derived and skin-derived signals are required.
- Toronov ⁇ et al. Study of local cerebral hemodynamics by frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy and correlation with simultaneously acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging : Opt. Express 9 (8) ⁇ p.417-427 (2001) S. Kohno, et al., "Removal of the skin blood flow artifact in functional near-infrared spectroscopic imaging data through independent component analysis, J Biomed Opt 12 (6), 062111 (2007) T. Yamamoto et al., “Arranging optical fibres for the spatial resolution improvement of topographical images,” Phys. Med. Biol., Vol.47, p.3429-3440 (2002)
- the present invention eliminates the influence of components derived from tissues other than the brain, including local skin blood flow, included in the NIRS signal, isolates and extracts only signals derived from the brain or cerebral cortex, and more general
- the purpose is to separate and extract brain-derived and skin-derived components, and components commonly contained in the brain and skin. Furthermore, it is an object to separate both signals in consideration of individual differences in the contribution ratio between the brain-derived signal and the skin-derived signal.
- each light receiver receives light so as to realize measurement by a plurality of SD distances.
- Each light transmitter and light receiver is arranged so that the transmitted light propagates through both the gray matter and the scalp.
- Measurement is performed by switching the intensity, ON / OFF of the detector or gain intensity.
- signal separation techniques such as independent component analysis (ICA) are performed using data at each measurement point, and the weight value of each obtained separation component depends on the SD distance.
- ICA independent component analysis
- the biological light measurement apparatus of the present invention includes one or a plurality of light irradiation means for irradiating a subject with light, and an irradiation point on the subject from the one or more light irradiation means.
- One or more light detection means for detecting light propagating in the specimen at a detection point on the subject, the one or more light irradiation means, and the one or more light detection means
- a control unit for controlling, an analysis unit for analyzing a signal obtained by the one or more light detection means, and a display unit for displaying an analysis result in the analysis unit,
- Each of the light irradiation means and the light detection means is arranged on the subject so that there are at least two types of SD distances defined as the distance between the irradiation point and the detection point on the subject.
- the analysis unit is connected to the light irradiation means
- One or a plurality of separation components are extracted from a plurality of measurement data measured by the combination with the light detection means using a signal separation method, and the separation component is determined based on the SD distance dependency of each of the separation components.
- the measurement data is selected and reconstructed using the selected separation component.
- the SD distance dependency is a function value determined by at least one of an amplitude value, an amplitude value standard deviation, and a weight value at each measurement point of the one or more separation components. Is plotted against the SD distance or the partial optical path length in gray matter, and a regression equation is used as a parameter of the model equation of the regression curve.
- the analysis unit calculates a contribution ratio of the deep part or the shallow part in a component commonly included in the shallow part and the deep part of the subject using the parameter,
- the deep component and the shallow component may be reconstructed using a weight proportional to the contribution rate.
- the one or more light detection means include, on the subject, signals from the plurality of light irradiation means located within a radius of 60 mm from the light detection means, It may be arranged to detect signals from at least two light irradiation means having different SD distances.
- the one or more light detection means may detect signals from at least two kinds of the light irradiation means at different timings.
- the one or more light detection means are arranged to detect light that has been irradiated from the one or more light irradiation means and propagated through the gray matter of the subject. Can be used.
- control unit controls the power of light emitted from the light irradiation unit depending on the SD distance or the power of light detected by the light detection unit. Good.
- control unit may switch use or non-use of the light irradiation means or the light detection means according to time.
- the display unit divides the separation component into a shallow part signal, a deep part signal, a signal included in both the shallow part and the deep part, or a signal at the plurality of SD distances. Or by dividing a signal at a measurement site including at least one of the frontal region, temporal region, parietal region, and occipital region of the subject, or for a memory task, a motor task, a language task, and a visual task The display may be divided into response signals in the task including at least one.
- the biological light measurement apparatus of the present invention further includes a holding unit for holding the light irradiation unit and the light detection unit, and the holding unit includes an auxiliary light detection unit for increasing the measurement points.
- the auxiliary light detection means may detect light at a timing synchronized with at least one of the plurality of light detection means.
- the living body optical measurement device of the present invention may have an input means for manually inputting a control method in the control unit or an analysis method in the analysis unit.
- each of the plurality of light irradiation means and each of the plurality of light detection means is arranged such that the SD distance at at least two measurement points is greater than about 10 mm. Can be used.
- a component including at least one of a shallow biological signal, a deep biological signal, a systemic biological signal, device noise, and body motion noise is separated and extracted. Things can be used.
- the biological light measurement method of the present invention includes one or more light irradiating means for irradiating a subject with light, and an irradiation point on the subject irradiated from the one or more light irradiating means.
- One or more light detection means for detecting light propagating in the specimen at a detection point on the subject, the one or more light irradiation means, and the one or more light detection means A biological light measurement method using a biological light measurement device having a control unit for controlling and an analysis unit for analyzing a signal obtained by the one or more light detection units, the light irradiation unit And disposing each of the light detection means on the subject such that an SD distance defined as a distance between the irradiation point and the detection point on the subject is at least two or more.
- the light irradiation means and the light detection Extracting one or more separation components from a plurality of measurement data measured by a combination with means using a signal separation method, and selecting the separation component based on the SD distance dependency of the separation component And reconstructing measurement data using the selected separation component.
- each layer part average optical path length inherently has SD distance dependency.
- the amplitude of the NIRS signal analyzed based on Modified Beer-Lambert rule is proportional to the partial optical path length of the hemodynamic fluctuation region.
- each layer part average optical path length depends only on the head structure and optical characteristics, and it can be said that it is almost the same trend in any subject, so even if there are individual differences in optical path length, By adjusting the threshold when selecting each separation component as a brain-derived or skin-derived component, it is possible to separate brain-derived and skin-derived signals.
- the brain-derived signal and the skin-derived signal can be accurately separated in consideration of individual differences, and the brain-derived signal or the skin-derived signal is extracted, or the brain-derived and skin-derived signal is superimposed.
- the apparatus configuration for realizing this it is possible to realize efficient signal acquisition avoiding interference between measurement points by the multi-SD probe arrangement.
- the figure which shows the apparatus structure of this invention The figure which shows the example of the measurement sectional drawing of a multi SD system.
- positioning The figure which shows the group of a double density probe arrangement
- the flowchart which shows the component separation method using the x intercept of the regression line of SD distance-component contribution value distribution of each independent component.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an apparatus configuration according to the present invention.
- a biological light measurement device capable of detecting light incident on a living body and detecting light that has been scattered and absorbed in the living body and propagated
- the light 30 emitted from one or a plurality of light sources 101 included in the apparatus main body 20
- the light is incident on the subject 10 through the waveguide 40.
- the light 30 enters the subject 10 from the irradiation point 12, passes through and propagates through the subject 10, and then passes through the waveguide 40 from the detection point 13 at a position away from the irradiation point 12. It is detected by one or more photodetectors 102.
- the SD distance is defined by the distance between the irradiation point 12 and the detection point 13 as described above.
- the one or more light sources 101 are a semiconductor laser (LD), a light emitting diode (LED) or the like, and the one or more photodetectors are an avalanche photodiode (APD), a photodiode (PD), a photoelectron amplifier, or the like.
- a double tube (PMT) or the like may be used.
- the waveguide 40 may be an optical fiber, glass, light guide, or the like.
- the light source 101 is driven by the light source driving device 103, and the gain of one or a plurality of photodetectors 102 is controlled by the control / analysis unit 106.
- the control / analysis unit 106 also controls the light source driving device 103 and receives an input of conditions and the like from the input unit 107.
- the electrical signal photoelectrically converted by the photodetector 102 is amplified by the amplifier 104, converted from analog to digital by the analog-digital converter 105, and sent to the control / analysis unit 106 for processing.
- the control / analysis unit 106 performs analysis based on the signal detected by the photodetector 102. Specifically, based on the method described in Non-Patent Document 1, for example, based on the received digital signal obtained by conversion by the analog-digital converter 105, the detected light amount change or absorbance From the change, oxygen concentration and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration length change (oxy-Hb, deoxy-Hb) is calculated.
- the density length change is a change amount of the product of the density and the optical path length.
- control / analysis unit 106 has been described on the assumption that the driving of the light source 101, the gain control of the photodetector 102, and the signal processing from the analog-digital converter 105 are all performed. And having the means for integrating them can also realize the same function.
- the measurement data and the hemoglobin concentration length change calculation result are stored in the storage unit 108, and the measurement result can be displayed on the display unit 109 based on the analysis result and / or the stored data.
- the light transmitter 50 and the light receiver 60 are not shown in FIG. 1, the light transmitter 50 includes, for example, a waveguide 40 on the light source 101 side, and is installed in contact with or close to contact with the subject 10.
- the light receiver 60 includes, for example, the waveguide 40 on the light detector 102 side, and is placed in contact with or close to contact with the subject 10.
- the light transmitter 50 and the light receiver 60 are arranged on the subject 10 so that the light received by each light receiver propagates through both the gray matter and the scalp. This is because, in the analysis method described below, it is assumed that the brain-derived signal included in each light reception signal increases approximately linearly according to the SD distance, so when calculating the slope at that time, This is because it is necessary to include a brain-derived signal. When the SD distance is very short and the gray matter has a small average optical path length, the slope of the brain-derived signal component with respect to SD cannot be obtained with high accuracy.
- This method uses independent component analysis (ICA: Independent Component ⁇ Analysis) to extract multiple independent components from NIRS signals obtained by measurement and classify them into brain-derived components or skin-derived components.
- ICA Independent Component ⁇ Analysis
- Independent component analysis is one of signal separation methods, and is an analysis method that can separate linearly mixed signals without prior information. There are multiple signal sources, which is effective for analyzing multipoint measured data.
- deoxy-Hb or total hemoglobin concentration length change may be used.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a measurement cross-sectional view of the multi-SD method.
- Light 30 emitted from the light transmitter 50 is incident on the scalp and propagates in all directions in the tissue.
- the light receiver 60 is arranged at an SD distance of 15 mm and 30 mm as shown in FIG. 2, the light 30 received by the light receiver 60 having an SD distance of 15 mm is received by the light receiver 60 having an SD distance of 30 mm.
- the light is transmitted through a shallow portion on average.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of calculating the relationship between the SD distance and the photon transmittance in a typical head model by Monte Carlo simulation.
- the SD distance is 15 mm and 30 mm
- the photon transmittance differs by two digits as shown in FIG. This difference is due to the difference in the average optical path length in the tissue.
- the partial average optical path length in each layer of the head varies depending on the SD distance.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the SD distance and the partial average optical path length of the scalp and gray matter obtained by Monte Carlo simulation, where (a) shows the relationship between the scalp and (b) shows the relationship between the gray matter.
- the horizontal axis is the SD distance [mm]
- the vertical axis is the scalp and gray matter optical path length [mm].
- the partial average optical path length of the scalp varies because the number of calculated photons in the simulation is small and the results do not converge.
- the NIRS signal intensity is proportional to the partial optical path length of the site where the blood flow change occurs (see Non-Patent Document 1) (assuming uniform blood flow change in the partial optical path), as shown in FIG.
- the brain-derived component in the NIRS measurement signal is large, but the skin-derived component is expected not to change.
- attention is paid to the change amount of the signal intensity with respect to the SD distance, that is, the gradient (gradient).
- Equation 4 is obtained by multiplying both sides of Equation 1 by ⁇ C.
- Equation 7 Since the contribution in proportion to the optical path length is included in the relationship of Equation 5 and the data measured simultaneously at a plurality of SD distances, the gradient d (
- ) / d (SD) [mMmm / mm] is ideal as the gradient d ( ⁇ CL) / d (SD) 0. 0052 [mMmm / mm] with respect to the SD distance of the NIRS signal amplitude derived from Equation 4 Since it is considered that they match, Equation 7 is obtained.
- the signal derived from the brain especially gray matter
- the independent component below the threshold is not a brain-derived component Assumed.
- Such components are considered to be skin-derived components or noise components.
- the gradient can be calculated by obtaining a regression line by the least square method.
- the reconstructed results using the independent components equal to or higher than the threshold and lower than the threshold are the brain-derived signal and the skin-derived signal, respectively.
- a method in which the threshold value is set to a half value of the gradient obtained here can be considered.
- the head optical path length is different for each subject, and the signal amplitude is different for each task. Therefore, it is desirable to optimize the threshold value for each subject / task.
- regression to the linear function is described.
- a more general polynomial regression is performed.
- a method of regression to an exponential function, logarithmic function, hyperbolic function, or any other function may be used.
- Figure 5 shows the case where the SD distance used is 15 mm (1 point) and 30 mm (2 points), and there are two independent components extracted from the signal. It is a plot. The horizontal axis is the SD distance, and the vertical axis is the independent component weight value. For each independent component, a straight line obtained by the least square method and a straight line corresponding to the gradient threshold are shown simultaneously. In the case of FIG. 5, since the gradient of component 1 is equal to or greater than the threshold value, it is determined as a brain-derived component, and since the gradient of component 2 is less than the threshold value, it is determined as a skin-derived component.
- measurement data having an SD distance of about 10 mm or more is required so that the gray matter partial average optical path length becomes 0 or more.
- about 10 mm means that it is 7 mm or more and less than 13 mm.
- the weight value of each independent component is used as the function value, but the amplitude value or the standard deviation of the amplitude value may be used.
- the method of calculating the gradient using the absolute value of the product of the weight value of the independent component and the root mean square as the threshold has been described, but if the independent component is appropriately normalized, etc.
- the terms “brain-derived component” and “skin-derived component” used here are names for convenience, and an independent component that is formally separated by the gradient of the weight value with respect to the SD distance in the above method, and a plurality of separated components. NIRS signal reconstructed from independent components. Therefore, for example, the “brain-derived component” may include blood fluctuation components in blood vessels in the skull, in addition to biological signals of deep tissues including the brain. Further, the “skin-derived component” may include a non-brain-derived component, that is, a systemic biological signal, device noise, noise due to body movement, or the like in addition to a biological signal of a shallow tissue.
- independent component analysis has been described as a signal separation method, but the method of the present invention can be implemented even when a signal separation method such as principal component analysis, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, or cluster analysis is used.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of probe arrangement with respect to the human head.
- This probe can be installed on the entire head including the forehead, the temporal region, the parietal region, and the occipital region.
- FIG. 7 shows a lattice-like probe arrangement (a) and measurement point arrangement (b) in the prior art (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- the distance between the normal light transmitter 50 and the light receiver 60 is about 30 mm, and the approximate middle point is taken as the measurement point 11a.
- “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, and “ ⁇ ” represent a light transmitter, a light receiver, and a measurement point, respectively.
- the SD distance is 30 mm at all measurement points 11a. Measurement with a SD distance of 60 mm is possible, but the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is small, which is not practical.
- SNR signal-to-noise ratio
- Fig. 8 shows the double density probe arrangement (a) and the measurement point arrangement (b).
- the probe arrangement is disclosed in Patent Document 9 or Non-Patent Document 6.
- This arrangement is an arrangement in which the lattice-like probe arrangement of FIG. 7 is overlapped by shifting 15 mm on the x-axis.
- “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, and “ ⁇ ” represent the light transmitter 50, the light receiver 60, the measurement point 11a with an SD distance of 30 mm, and the measurement point 11c with an SD distance of 15 mm.
- measurement signals at multiple SD distance measurement points are used to extract skin-derived signals. This signal is used for selecting components to be used after the components are separated.
- mapping is performed by interpolation using only measurement signals of the same SD distance, for example, if the SD distance is about 15-20 mm, a map with a large contribution of the signal derived from the shallow part including the skin can be obtained.
- the resolution may be low due to the small number of measurement points.
- the number of measurement points with an SD distance of 15 mm is smaller than the number of measurement points with an SD distance of 30 mm, and thus the distribution density is small.
- the SD distance measurement data having a small distribution density it is effective to extract a signal (brain-derived signal, skin-derived signal, etc.) to be separated from the measurement point data with an SD distance of 30 mm. Therefore, even if the number of measurement points is small, it can be effective measurement data.
- FIG. 3 A method for switching the lighting order of the light sources in order to perform measurement at two types of SD distances as described above will be described below. If all the light sources are turned on at the same time, each detector will receive a signal with an SD distance of 15 mm and a signal with a diameter of 30 mm at the same time, and the received light intensity differs by two digits (Fig. 3). There is a concern that the SNR of the signal with an SD distance of 30 mm may decrease due to the influence of photocurrent shot noise associated with the 15 mm reception. Therefore, when the irradiation power of each light source is constant, it is desirable to detect at an SD distance of 15 mm and 30 mm at different timings. As a first method of switching the lighting order of the light sources, FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows an example 1 of the probe arrangement and the lighting order of the light sources.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows the upper half of the probe arrangement of FIG. “ ⁇ ” and “ ⁇ ” are the light transmitter 50 and the light receiver 60, respectively.
- the numbers 1 and 2 with circles indicate the lighting order of the light source.
- Symbols written on each probe indicate a surface (A surface / B surface), a light source / detector (S: Source / D: Detector), and a probe number.
- AS1 indicates that the light source is No. 1 on the A side.
- This probe arrangement is obtained by superimposing two conventional probe arrangements on the lattice in FIG. 7 and is referred to as A plane and B plane, respectively. In the lighting order shown in FIG. The light sources on side B will light up alternately.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows the upper half of the probe arrangement of FIG. “ ⁇ ” and “ ⁇ ” are the light transmitter 50 and the light receiver 60, respectively.
- the numbers 1 and 2 with circles indicate the lighting order of the light
- FIG. 10 shows an example 1 of the order of lighting the light source and the order of measurement by the detector.
- light source 1 AS1
- light source 2 AS2
- BS1 light source 1
- BS2 light source 2
- detector 1 AD1 on surface A
- detector 2 AD2
- Only the detector 1 (BD1) and the detector 2 (BD2) on the B surface are shown.
- the detector is always in the ON state, and the light source is alternately switched between the A side and the B side.
- the same intensity modulation frequency or lock-in frequency can be used on the A side and the B side, and the necessary frequency types can be halved. Therefore, it is easier to design such that the intensity modulation frequency bandwidths do not overlap between the light sources.
- FIG. 11 shows an example 2 of probe arrangement and lighting order of light sources.
- the symbols are the same as in FIG.
- each light source has different timings when measuring the SD distance of 15 mm and when measuring the SD distance of 30 mm, so it is easy to adjust the amount of light according to the SD distance without saturating the detector. Gain adjustment is possible.
- FIG. 12 shows an example 2 of the order of lighting the light source and the order of measurement by the detector. The symbols are the same as in FIG.
- the light source is always in the ON state, but for each light source, the power is set small when the SD distance is 15 mm and the power is set large when the SD distance is 30 mm.
- the detector receives the SD distance signal of 15 mm and 30 mm signal at the same time when in use, but it can be turned off during that time. Thus, when the detector is not used, it can be turned OFF, so that the power consumption of the detector can be reduced.
- FIG. 13 shows an example 3 of the probe arrangement and the lighting order of the light sources.
- the symbols are the same as in FIG.
- the measurement timing at the SD distance of 30 mm on the A and B surfaces is different, and the timing for measuring the SD distance of 15 mm is set separately.
- the time resolution is lowered, the average power is lowered, so that the shot noise due to the photocurrent in each detector can be reduced, and the detector is less likely to be saturated.
- FIG. 14 shows an example 3 of the order of lighting the light source and the order of measurement by the detector. The symbols are the same as in FIG.
- Each light source lights on either side A or B for measurement with an SD distance of 30 mm, and also lights for measurement with an SD distance of 15 mm. And it is turned off once. However, since AS1 is located at the end and there is no detector that measures the SD distance of 15 mm, two of the three lighting timings are OFF.
- a time division detection method in which each light source is sequentially turned on at each lighting timing can also be used.
- the time division detection method since only one light source is turned on at the same time, it is not necessary to consider interference between the light sources at the time of detection, and furthermore, the average irradiation power to the subject 10 is lowered, so the peak per light source There is an effect that the power can be increased.
- the quadruple density probe arrangement A shown in FIG. 15 is disclosed in Non-Patent Document 6.
- “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ” are the transmitter 50, the receiver 60, the measurement point 11a with an SD distance of 30 mm, and the SD, respectively.
- a measurement point 11b with a distance of 23.7 mm, a measurement point 11c with an SD distance of 15 mm, and a measurement point 11d with an SD distance of 10.6 mm are shown.
- the measurement point arrangement with the SD distance of 30 mm is the same in any of the probe arrangements in FIGS.
- the distance between measurement points with an SD distance of 30 mm is 10.6 mm
- the spatial distribution density of the measurement points is increased, and the spatial resolution is increased.
- the method is effective in the separation and extraction method of the brain-derived and skin-derived signals.
- there are measurement points that can be created in the combination of the light transmitter 50 and the light receiver 60 such as an SD distance of 45 mm, so such measurement points are included.
- the measurement point arrangement may be adopted. In this case, it is necessary to appropriately set the lighting order of the light source depending on the measurement point arrangement.
- FIG. 19 shows a double-density probe arrangement (a) and a light source / detector pair (b) at a measurement point that is effective at that time.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates a measurement point with an SD distance of 30 mm
- “ ⁇ ” indicates an SD distance of 15 mm.
- a blank cell indicates that measurement is not performed with the corresponding light source / detector combination, that is, it is not used. This correspondence is input from the input unit 107 or read from the storage unit 108.
- Fig. 20 shows the probe placement and SD distance setting screen.
- various setting items included in the input unit 107 are input from a keyboard, a mouse, or the like.
- the probe arrangement selection combo box 110 the probe arrangement is selected. For example, 4 vertical and 8 horizontal transmitter / receiver probes are arranged (4 ⁇ 8), 3 vertical and 10 horizontal transmitter / receiver probes are arranged (3 ⁇ 10), etc. Is displayed as an example. In these arrangements, the positions of the measurement points that can be measured and the SD distance are determined in advance, so there is no need to input the SD distance or the like.
- “Manual setting” is a setting in which both the light source / detector combination to be used and the SD distance can be manually set.
- “Automatic setting” is a setting that automatically sets both the combination of the light source and detector to be used and the SD distance. In this case, for example, it is set to measure all measurement points having an SD distance of about 10-40 mm.
- “SD distance 30mm only automatic setting” automatically sets the SD distance 30mm only among all light source / detector combinations, and the rest can be set manually.
- “Set SD SD distance” will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the values can be set by inputting numerical values into the SD distance input cell 112.
- the experimenter presses the OK button 113 when saving the setting condition, and presses the cancel button 114 when not saving the setting condition.
- SD distances of 30 mm and 15 mm are displayed.
- the control / analysis unit 106 may automatically calculate the SD distances of all light transmitters 50 and light receivers 60 and display them in the cell. . In that case, by adding “use” and “not use” buttons on the setting screen of FIG. 20, the use / nonuse setting of the cell corresponding to each measurement point can be performed on the screen. good.
- Fig. 21 shows a screen for setting the SD distance and effective radius. Since there are a plurality of types of SD distances that can be considered from the actual probe arrangement, this is a screen for selecting the SD to be used.
- the text box 121 the number of types of SD distance used is input.
- the priority SD distance and other SD distances are input, respectively.
- an effective radius is input.
- all the measurement points of the priority SD distance are measured. At this priority SD distance measurement point, brain-derived / skin-derived signal separation and reconstruction are performed.
- the used SD distance other than the priority SD distance the distance to be used from the measurement point position of the priority SD distance is input in the text box 124 of “effective radius”.
- all the measurement points of the SD distance within the effective radius in the text box 123 are used.
- the SNR of all measurement points is set within a certain range, and further, analysis and display according to the purpose can be performed by setting the priority SD distance.
- the method for separating and extracting the brain-derived and skin-derived signals can be performed with high accuracy and high reproducibility.
- the OK button 113 and the cancel button 114 are used similarly to FIG.
- FIG. 22 shows a setting screen for the light amount and the detector gain.
- the operator sets the light amount and the detector gain from the input unit 107.
- the radio button 131 for setting the light amount sets a constant light amount for all light sources. For example, it is used when the time average is constant due to restrictions such as safety standards.
- “Manual setting” is a setting in which the light amount of each light source can be manually set one by one.
- “automatic setting” the light quantity of each light source is automatically set. In this case, it is set such that the saturation of the detector is avoided and the light quantity is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value or the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is maximized.
- the threshold value is set to 3 mW or the like that is less than or equal to the safety standard.
- the stored value reading the stored value of the past setting value is used.
- the following four detector gain settings are performed with the radio button 132 for setting the detector gain.
- the gain set for each detector is constant over time. For example, it is set to about half of the saturation level of the detector so as not to be saturated at the irradiation timing with the largest detected light amount.
- adaptive gain an optimum gain is set at each irradiation timing of the light source.
- Manual Gain the gain of each light source is manually input and set.
- stored value reading the stored value of the past setting value is used.
- the measurement conditions can be optimized for measurement with various probe placements and SD distances, and the conditions for each subject can be unified. Even a person can improve reproducibility.
- Fig. 23 shows the detector gain automatic adjustment screen.
- the detector gain is automatically adjusted.
- An automatic gain setting result 139 at a measurement point with an SD distance of 30 mm is shown on the upper side, and an automatic gain setting result 140 at a measurement point with an SD distance of 15 mm is shown on the lower side.
- the display method is as shown in the legend 135.
- a display 137 which is a display in which the cell at the measurement position is painted white, is used to indicate that the detected light amount is weak. Since the result of the detected light amount greatly depends on the mounting state of the probe, when the detected light amount becomes small at some measurement points, it can be improved by remounting the probe. In this case, after changing the probe mounting state, the gain adjustment retry button 134 can be pressed to adjust the detector gain again.
- FIG. 24 shows the data structure of each measurement point information.
- the measurement point information area 161 stores six types of information: a measurement point number 154, a light source / detector ID 155, a light source / detector coordinate 156, an SD distance 157, a measurement point coordinate 158, and measurement data 159.
- the measurement data 159 is data transmitted from the measurement unit 160 and stored.
- the operator of the experiment inputs from the setting input unit 151 the transmitter-receiver pair to be used, the arrangement of the transmitter / receiver, the position reference for the subject, and the number of the measurement point.
- the position reference is based on, for example, the international 10-20 method used for placement of electroencephalogram electrodes.
- data corresponding to the measurement point number 154 and the light source / detector ID 155 in the measurement point information area 161 are input. Further, the light source / detector coordinates 156, the SD distance 157, and the measurement point coordinates 158 are calculated by the calculation unit 152 and stored as data.
- the subject shape data 153 is read and used.
- the subject shape data 153 is, for example, a nuclear magnetic resonance image (MRI), head shape data by X-ray CT, or a head shape of each subject measured by a three-dimensional position measurement system using magnetism. It is data.
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance image
- head shape data by X-ray CT or a head shape of each subject measured by
- FIG. 25 shows a measurement flowchart in the present embodiment.
- the operator inputs subject data (structure data such as an MRI image) (S101).
- the operator inputs the probe arrangement (S102).
- the calculation unit 152 performs a Monte Carlo simulation or calls a Monte Carlo simulation result based on the structure data, and obtains an average optical path length at each measurement point and each SD distance (S103).
- the computing unit 152 calculates a threshold value of the evaluation function (for example, the gradient of the weight value with respect to the SD distance) based on the average optical path length at each measurement point and each SD distance (S104).
- a threshold value of the evaluation function for example, the gradient of the weight value with respect to the SD distance
- the operator attaches the probe to the subject (S105), adjusts the detector gain / light source power (S106), and performs measurement (S107).
- the calculation unit 152 determines whether or not to apply the skin blood flow separation algorithm (S108), and if so, displays / saves analysis data (S109) after the skin blood flow separation processing (S109). S110) is performed. When not applied, skin blood flow separation processing (S109) is not performed, and analysis data is displayed and stored (S110).
- the accuracy of the skin blood flow separation algorithm can be improved by using the optimum threshold value calculated and estimated from the structure data for each subject.
- the threshold value is selected from, for example, 0.0015 to 0.0055 mmMmm / mm.
- the method for optimizing the threshold of the weight value gradient for the SD distance for each subject is to calculate the optical path length based on each subject's head structure data based on numerical analysis using Monte Carlo simulation or light diffusion equation.
- head structure data requires MRI and X-ray CT measurement data, and such head structure data is not always available for all subjects, so other methods are required. .
- tentatively set to about 0.0015-0.0055 mmmmm / mm the same subject is measured multiple times during the same task, and is separated into brain-derived and skin-derived components in the same way each time or as many times as possible.
- a method for searching for a threshold value is considered. This method can be said to be a more robust method than using a fixed threshold because a subject-dependent factor is taken into consideration by selecting a threshold with high reproducibility of the separation result.
- FIG. 26 shows a flowchart of skin blood flow separation.
- the computing unit 152 associates measurement data at one or more second SD distances with each measurement data at the first SD distance. Alternatively, the operator manually selects a nearby second SD distance measurement point (S201).
- the calculation unit 152 uses a signal separation method such as independent component analysis to separate the component into one or a plurality of components (S202), and each separation component depends on each SD distance (weight value gradient at each SD distance). ) Is determined by the least square method or the like (S203).
- the calculation unit 152 classifies the separated component into a brain-derived signal or a skin-derived signal based on a predetermined evaluation function (S204).
- the calculation unit 152 reconstructs and displays the signal using only the brain-derived signal component (S205).
- the model formula is not limited to a straight line, and a method of performing a least-square fitting to a polynomial of an appropriate degree, an exponential function, a logarithmic function, a hyperbolic function, etc. good.
- the evaluation function described here can be a weight value gradient of an independent component, a threshold value based on Monte Carlo simulation that can be calculated from the assumption of structure data, a value obtained by subtracting a residual sum of squares at the time of fitting from a weight value gradient, etc. That's fine.
- the reliability of the separated component is considered to be low, so it is regarded as noise or a systemic signal component and is not separated as a brain-derived component, and such a component is removed.
- the separated component that is more appropriate as the brain-derived component.
- the standard deviation is calculated using the weight value of the SD distance.
- a method of calculating the gradient by weighting the reciprocal of the value is also conceivable. This is based on the assumption that the smaller the standard deviation of the weight value, the more likely the value is. If the variation is large, the value is likely to be obtained by chance, and this method calculates the evaluation function low. Therefore, the probability of being separated as a brain-derived component is reduced. As described above, there is an effect that a component having a variation in weight value can be removed from the brain-derived component even at the same SD distance.
- the inverse of the distance from the measurement point of the priority SD distance is weighted as reliability, and the weight value gradient is calculated using the data of the measurement point of each SD distance.
- the measurement point is shifted, the optical path of the light emitted from the light transmitter 50 is changed, so that the probability that a different part has been measured increases. Therefore, the closer to the measurement point of the priority SD distance, the more optical paths shared by the measurement points, and more appropriate conditions for calculating the independent component by independent component analysis.
- weighting can be performed according to the distance between the measurement points, so that a more accurate result can be obtained.
- a method using the intercept of the SD distance axis (x axis in the lower diagram of FIG. 4) of the regression line showing the SD distance dependency of each independent component obtained by the least square method is conceivable.
- an independent component having a large intercept on the SD distance axis may be derived from hemodynamics in a deep portion such as gray matter because the SD distance is a certain value or more and the weight value increases. Therefore, a method of providing a threshold at the intercept of the SD distance axis (x axis) can be considered.
- the x-intercept of the regression line showing the SD distance dependency is expected to be at least positive, ideally about 10 mm.
- the x-intercept does not depend on the signal amplitude, and thus has no task dependency, and is a value that can be a common threshold for the same subject.
- the threshold of the x-intercept can be set to about 10 mm.
- the x-intercept is about 10 mm or less, particularly negative, in the ideal case without noise, it means that the signal is shallower than gray matter, and at the same time the gradient is large.
- the signal of the deep part including gray matter is included, it can be interpreted as a component that is commonly included in the deep part and the shallow part.
- the systemic blood flow fluctuation component is commonly included in both the deep part and the shallow part. In this way, by examining the x-intercept and the gradient, it is possible to determine whether the component is included only in the deep part, the component included only in the shallow part, or the component included in both the deep part and the shallow part. .
- each measuring point with an SD distance of 30 mm (priority SD distance) is located within an effective radius of 22.5 mm, for example.
- Independent component analysis is performed using measurement points with an SD distance of 15 mm.
- data at a plurality of measurement points is required in principle, and thus such usage data must be selected.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart for selecting the second SD distance measurement point corresponding to each first SD distance measurement point.
- the operator inputs conditions such as the effective radius and the minimum / maximum number of measurement points used (S301).
- the calculation unit 152 calculates a distance between each measurement point of the first SD distance (priority SD distance) and each measurement point of the second SD distance (S302), and is equal to or less than a threshold value (even if less than the threshold).
- the channel number of the measurement point of the second (good) SD distance is stored (S303).
- the calculation unit 152 adjusts so that the number of channels of the selected second SD distance meets the condition (S304).
- the computing unit 152 computes these steps in the same manner for all measurement points of the first SD distance (S305).
- this method is more general than a method of removing skin blood flow on the basis of measurement signals other than brain function, such as a laser Doppler blood flow meter or blood pressure monitor.
- FIG. 28 shows a flowchart for determining the threshold value of the weight value gradient of each independent component with respect to the SD distance.
- the calculation unit 152 plots the partial optical path length of gray matter against each SD distance by input by an operator, reading of a simulation result, and the like (S401).
- the computing unit 152 obtains a gradient (gradient) a [mMmm / mm] by obtaining a regression line using the least square method (S402), and is uniquely determined from the gradient a [mMmm / mm].
- a / 2 [mMmm / mm] is set as the independent component selection threshold (S403).
- S403 independent component selection threshold
- the average of the gradients with respect to the SD distance was determined as the threshold value.
- the threshold value is not limited to a / 2, and other methods may be used. By this method, an optimum threshold value depending on the head structure of each subject can be used, and separation of brain-derived components and skin-derived components can be realized with high accuracy.
- a short SD distance measurement point is conveniently located within the effective radius near the priority SD distance measurement point, but may not exist depending on the probe arrangement. This is because the distribution density of measurement points for each SD distance varies. In that case, there is no short SD distance measurement point in the vicinity, the effective radius is expanded only for the priority SD distance measurement point, and the exceptional processing of using the nearest short SD distance measurement point is required. Become.
- FIG. 29 shows a multi-SD probe arrangement with one light transmitter and six light receivers. Each light receiver 60 was arranged on a straight line at intervals of 8 mm.
- the subject remembers 2 or 4 hiragana presented on the target screen for 1.5 seconds, and the same hiragana as the one katakana character in the probe screen presented after the 7 second delay period. However, it is judged as soon as possible if it was on the screen that was memorized.
- the buttons were from gamepads.
- the probe screen disappears when the button is pressed, but even when the button is not pressed, it disappears in a maximum of 2 seconds. There was a rest period of 16-21 seconds after the probe screen was presented. During the delay period after the target screen and the rest period after the probe screen, a fixation point was presented on the screen, and the subject watched the fixation point. 1 second immediately before the target screen presentation and 1 second from the start of the probe screen presentation to 15 seconds later were used for the baseline calculation in each block. This sequence was repeated 16 times (16 trials in total).
- the thick line waveform is the time variation waveform of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration length change (oxy-Hb), and the thin line waveform is the time variation waveform of deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration length change (deoxy-Hb). Since the waveform obtained according to the SD distance is quite different, it is considered that different hemodynamic fluctuations occur in the shallow and deep regions of the head.
- the first peak increases as the SD distance increases, but the second peak has almost the same amplitude regardless of the SD distance.
- the first mountain and the second mountain are independent components, and it is easily guessed that the slope of the product of the weight value and the root mean square is larger for the first mountain and smaller for the second mountain.
- FIG. 31 shows the extracted independent component 162, the weight value gradient 163, and the inter-trial correlation coefficient average 164.
- the data of the SD distance of 8 mm is used for the independent component extraction, but is not used for the weight value gradient calculation.
- FIG. 4 when the SD distance is 10 mm or less, the partial average optical path length in gray matter is almost 0 mm, so that it is considered that the accuracy is deteriorated even if it is used for gradient calculation.
- a total of four independent components are extracted, and the component weight value gradient with respect to the SD distance of each component is as shown in the middle diagram of FIG.
- the gradient of component 2 is large.
- the lower diagram of FIG. 31 shows the correlation coefficient average values of all combinations of a total of 16 trials of each independent component. This can be said to indicate the strength of task synchronization of each independent component.
- This display method makes it possible to examine the relationship between the component weight value gradient and the intertrial correlation, and is effective in examining the task dependence of brain-derived components and skin blood flow.
- FIG. 32 shows a result display example after applying the method of the present invention to separate into brain-derived and skin-derived components.
- the result when the threshold value of the independent component is 0.0021 mmMmm / mm is shown.
- the original data 171 shows both oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb measured at an SD distance of 32 mm, but the brain-derived data 172 and skin-derived data 173 are the results of reconstructing only oxy-Hb. This is because in this experimental analysis, only oxy-Hb was used to separate independent components.
- the data reconstructed as brain-derived data is the result of reconstruction using only component 2 in FIG. The positive and negative signs are reversed from those of the component 2 waveform, because the multiplied coefficients are negative at the time of reconstruction.
- brain-derived, and skin-derived data display method selection check box 174 data to be displayed can be selected, and a display method suited to the purpose can be realized.
- the SD distance of data to be displayed may be selectable.
- the component whose amplitude increases as the SD distance increases is separated as a brain-derived component, and the remaining components are separated as skin-derived data.
- the status of the brain-derived and skin-derived data included in the original data, and the size of the contribution can be reduced. It has the effect of being easy to understand and helps to capture the brain and skin blood flow characteristics induced by the task.
- FIG. 33 shows a display example when a plurality of light transmitters 50 and light receivers 60 are two-dimensionally arranged and brain-derived data and skin-derived data are imaged and measured.
- This is a display example of a measurement result by the whole brain measurement type optical brain function measuring device.
- An oxygenated hemoglobin concentration length change (oxy-Hb) map 301 is displayed for each of the frontal region, the parietal region, the left and right temporal regions, and the occipital region.
- the amplitude value is represented by shading shown in the gray scale bar 302.
- the time axis can be adjusted by a time display scroll bar 303.
- the radio button 304 can be used to select whether or not to perform normal display of a brain-derived signal, a skin-derived signal, and an SD distance of 30 mm.
- FIG. 34 shows a two-dimensional data display example for each SD distance. The upper figure is the original data (normal display) when the SD distance is 30 mm, and the lower figure is the original data (normal display) when the SD distance is 15 mm.
- a display method can be selected with a radio button 304.
- FIG. 35 is a model of the partial optical path length of the scalp and gray matter.
- the horizontal axis represents the SD distance [mm]
- the vertical axis represents the partial optical path length [mm].
- the contribution rate of Hb concentration change in the brain (gray matter) of the “common component” that includes both brain-derived signals and skin-derived components in a certain ratio, excluding the effect of optical path length, is expressed as t (0 ⁇ t ⁇ 1)
- the concentration change contribution rate in the scalp (skin) is called 1-t (referred to as “brain contribution rate”)
- the sum of the optical path lengths weighted by t is expressed as in Equation 10.
- Equation 12 is obtained.
- a, Xs, and c are set to 0.833, 10.83, and 32.4, respectively, from the Monte Carlo simulation results (FIG. 4) assuming a standard human head model.
- the SD distance-component contribution value distribution of each independent component is obtained from actual measurement data, and the x-intercept (Xs) obtained by the linear regression by the least square method is substituted into the formula 12 to obtain the brain of the common component.
- the concentration change contribution rate t at is obtained.
- FIG. 37 shows a flowchart regarding an example of the component separation method using the x-intercept of the regression line of the SD distance-component contribution value distribution of each independent component when the measurement points with the SD distance of 15 mm and 30 mm are used.
- the calculation unit 152 performs an independent component analysis using measurement signals at a plurality of SD distances, obtains a regression line in the SD distance (x axis) -weight value (y axis) distribution for each independent component, and obtains an x intercept ( Xs) [mm] and the gradient a [mMmm / mm] are calculated (S501).
- TH3 can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation based on the head structure.
- the calculation unit 152 obtains the brain contribution rate t using Equation 12 (S508). After performing the above calculation for all independent components, the signals may be reconstructed in each of the brain-derived component and the skin-derived component.
- TH1, TH2, and TH3 should be optimized according to the SD distance used, head structure, and measurement conditions.
- multiple components with different brain and skin contribution ratios can be weighted according to their contribution ratio and used for reconstruction, preventing errors in analysis due to classification into either one More accurate brain-derived and skin-derived components can be calculated. Even when the correlation between the brain and skin-derived signals is high, reconstruction can be performed in consideration of the contribution rate.
- This example enables the separation of brain-derived and skin-derived signals in NIRS signals and the display of the results, and makes it possible to perform and analyze various brain function measurements with higher accuracy.
- the distribution density of measurement points of each SD distance may vary depending on the probe arrangement.
- FIG. 38 shows a probe arrangement (a) in which only the light receiver 60 is added to the double density probe arrangement (FIG. 8) and a measurement point arrangement (b).
- a light receiver is added to each light transmitter 50 at an SD distance of 15 mm.
- the measurement points with the SD distance of 15 mm increased by twice the number of the light transmitters 50 except for the measurement points for the light transmitters 50 on the upper and lower boundaries of the probe arrangement.
- the added light receiver 60 receives light in synchronization with at least one of the other plurality of light receivers 60, thereby reducing the time resolution of the apparatus and the signal-to-noise ratio of other measurement points without reducing the measurement point.
- the brain-derived and skin-derived signals can be separated with higher accuracy.
- These additional light receivers 60 may be detachable light receivers 60 according to the required accuracy.
- the arrangement of the light receiver 60 shown in FIG. 38 is an example, and the present embodiment is not limited to this arrangement, and the probe arrangement shown in FIGS. Applicable.
- FIG. 39 shows a configuration diagram of an experiment using the whole-head measurement type optical brain function measuring device 90.
- the local cerebral blood volume oxygenated hemoglobin / deoxygenated hemoglobin / total hemoglobin concentration length change
- the optical brain function measuring device 90 by irradiating the subject's head with light having a wavelength belonging to the visible to infrared region. It is obtained by detecting and measuring light of a plurality of wavelengths of signals that have passed through the inside of the specimen with the same photodetector.
- an appropriate stimulus / command can be given to the subject 10 by the stimulus / command presenting device 415.
- the stimulus / command presentation device 415 is controlled by the computer 412 by a control signal 414.
- a plurality of light sources 402a to 402d having different wavelengths (for example, 695 nm for the light sources 402a and 402c and 830 nm for the light sources 402b and 402d), and light from the plurality of light sources 402a and 402b (402c and 402d)
- modulators or oscillators 401a and 401b (401c and 401d) for intensity-modulating at different frequencies, respectively, and the intensity-modulated light are optical fibers 403a and 403b, respectively.
- a plurality of light receiving means including light receivers 408a and 408b provided in the light receiving optical fibers 407a and 407b so that the tips are located at predetermined distances (for example, 15 mm and 30 mm), respectively. It has been.
- the light passing through the living body is collected on the optical fiber by the optical fibers 407a and 407b for receiving light, and the light passing through the living body is photoelectrically converted and amplified by the light receivers 408a and 408b, respectively.
- light transmitting probes 501a and 501b for receiving and transmitting optical fibers 405a and 405b and light receiving optical fibers 407a and 407b, respectively, for holding the optical fibers appropriately and being placed on the subject 10 are received.
- the probe holder 503 is fixed to the subject 10 to hold a plurality of probes.
- the light receiving means detects light reflected and transmitted inside the subject 10 and converts it into an electric signal.
- a photoelectric conversion element represented by a photomultiplier tube or a photodiode is used.
- FIG. 39 illustrates the case where two types of wavelengths are used, it is possible to use three or more types of wavelengths.
- two light irradiating means and two light receiving means are provided, but in this embodiment, since there is a need for a multi-SD arrangement, there are a plurality of light receiving means (not shown). .
- the electrical signals representing the in-vivo light intensity photoelectrically converted by the light receivers 408a and 408b are input to the lock-in amplifiers 409a to 409d, respectively.
- Reference signals 417a to 417d from oscillators [modulators] 401a and 401b (401c and 401d) are also input to the lock-in amplifiers 409a to 409d.
- 409a and 409b 695 nm light from the light sources 402a and 402c is separated and output, and is extracted by lock-in processing.
- 409c and 409d 830 nm light from the light sources 402b and 402d is separated and output. At this time, in FIG.
- two measurement points are assumed between the light transmission probe 501a and the light reception probe 502a and between the light transmission probe 501b and the light reception probe 502b.
- two points between the light transmission probe 501a and the light reception probe 502b and between the light transmission probe 501b and the light reception probe 502a can be used as measurement points.
- the separated transmitted light intensity signals of the respective wavelengths which are the outputs of the lock-in amplifiers 409a to 409d, are analog-to-digital converted by the analog-to-digital converter 410 and then sent to the measurement control computer 411.
- the passing light intensity signal is used, and the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration length change, and the total hemoglobin concentration are determined from the detection signal at each detection point by the procedure described in Non-Patent Document 1 and the like.
- the length change is calculated and stored in the storage device as time-lapse information at a plurality of measurement points.
- lock-in processing can also be performed digitally after amplifying and analog-to-digital conversion of the signal from the light receiver. is there.
- separates several light with a modulation system was described, it is not limited to this, For example, the time division system which discriminate
- the computer 412 includes an input unit, an analysis unit, a storage unit, and an extraction unit, and the analysis unit analyzes the result calculated by the measurement control computer 411.
- the input unit inputs settings such as analysis conditions from the outside. Note that when the computer 412 has a display function, the display unit 413 may be omitted.
- the analysis result of the analysis unit is stored in the storage unit.
- the extraction unit extracts information related to the local cerebral hemodynamics of the subject 10 from the signal analyzed by the analysis unit. Information regarding the local cerebral hemodynamics of the subject 10 extracted by the extraction unit is displayed on the display unit 413.
- the measurement control computer 411 and the computer 412 are drawn separately, but may be a single computer.
- each subject measures at least one of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions of the head, and at the time of frontal measurement, the memory task, emotional task, temporal Auditory tasks, verbal tasks, motor tasks, head tasks, motor tasks, spatial cognitive tasks, occipital tasks, visual tasks, sleep tasks, etc. are performed during head measurement.
- the measurement at each measurement site and each task it becomes possible to calculate the distribution of the contribution ratio of the brain-derived and skin-derived components at the time of each measurement site and each task of the subject.
- FIG. 40 shows an example of a screen that displays the task dependence of brain-derived and skin-derived components in each part of the subject.
- the upper diagram of FIG. 40 shows the skin-derived component index at each measurement site as an average value (black circle) and a standard deviation (error bar).
- the lower diagram of FIG. 40 shows the skin-derived component index of the signal by each task in each part.
- the meanings of the symbols are WM: working memory task, EM: emotional task, AU: auditory task, LG: verbal task, MT: motor task, SC: spatial cognitive task, SL: sleep task, VS: visual task .
- the contribution ratio using both the brain-derived component and the skin-derived component may be used, or the average amplitude value of the brain-derived component and the skin-derived component may be used.
- the brain contribution rate and the skin contribution rate, which are used as indices, are obtained by, for example, Equation 13 and Equation 14.
- the brain-derived component amplitude value and the skin-derived component amplitude value in Equations 13 and 14 are obtained by calculating the effective value of the separated independent component by the root mean square (RMS), and at each measurement point.
- a value multiplied by a weight value (independent component contribution value) was calculated and defined as the sum of the independent component contribution values of the independent components constituting the brain-derived component and the skin-derived component.
- the skin-derived component index is displayed in FIG. 40, a brain-derived component index may be displayed.
- the distribution state of the contribution rate of the skin blood flow and the brain-derived signal component for each part of the subject can be grasped, and can be used for selecting an optimal task.
- brain-derived and skin-derived components can be separated and extracted from measurement signals according to the purpose, and the accuracy and reproducibility of human brain function measurement Can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
g(w、u、σ)=w×(u^2+σ^2)^(0.5)、もしくはg(w)=w(ただしwは前記重み値、uは前記分離成分の振幅平均値、σは前記分離成分の振幅値標準偏差) でよい。
ean、標準偏差Ustdを用いて、数6のように表される。
g(w、u、σ)=w×(u^2+σ^2)^(0.5)、もしくはg(w)=w(ただしwは重み値、uは分離成分の振幅平均値、σは分離成分の振幅値標準偏差)
と置いた場合の、関数gのSD距離に対する勾配を閾値として用いれば良い。
準とする。その入力情報を元に、計測点情報領域161内の計測点番号154、光源・検出器ID155にそれぞれ該当するデータが入力される。また、光源・検出器座標156、SD距離157、計測点座標158が演算部152で演算され、データとして格納される。また、その演算時には、被検者形状データ153を読み込み、使用する。この被検者形状データ153とは、例えば核磁気共鳴画像(MRI)、X線CTによる頭部形状データ、もしくは磁気を用いた3次元位置計測システム等で計測した各被検者の頭部形状データである。
11 計測点
11a 計測点(SD = 30 mm)
11b 計測点(SD = 23.7 mm)
11c 計測点(SD = 15 mm)
11d 計測点(SD = 10.6 mm)
12 照射点
13 検出点
20 装置本体
30 光
40 導波路
50 送光器
60 受光器
90 光脳機能計測装置
101 光源
102 光検出器
103 光源駆動装置
104 増幅器
105 アナログ-デジタル変換器
106 制御・解析部
107 入力部
108 記憶部
109 表示部
110 プローブ配置選択のコンボボックス
111 SD距離設定のラジオボタン
112 SD距離入力用のセル
113 OKボタン
114 キャンセルボタン
121 使用SD距離の種類を入力するテキストボックス
122 優先SD距離を入力するテキストボックス
123 SD距離を入力するテキストボックス
124 有効半径を入力するテキストボックス
131 光量を設定するためのラジオボタン
132 検出器ゲインを設定するためのラジオボタン
133 設定ボタン
134 ゲイン調整の再試行ボタン
135 凡例
136 検出光量が強いことを示す表示
137 検出光量が適正であることを示す表示
138 検出光量が弱いことを示す表示
139 SD距離30 mmの計測点における自動ゲイン設定結果
140 SD距離15 mmの計測点における自動ゲイン設定結果
151 設定入力部
152 演算部
153 被検者形状データ
154 計測点番号
155 光源・検出器ID
156 光源・検出器座標
157 SD距離
158 計測点座標
159 計測データ
160 計測部
161 計測点情報領域
162 抽出された独立成分
163 重み値勾配
164 トライアル間相関係数平均
171 元データ
172 脳由来データ
173 皮膚由来データ
174 元データ、脳由来、皮膚由来データ表示方法選択のチェックボックス
301 酸素化ヘモグロビン濃度長変化(oxy-Hb)マップ
302 グレースケールバー
303 時間表示のスクロールバー
304 ラジオボタン
401 発振器(変調器)
402 光源
403 光ファイバ
404 結合器
405 送光用光ファイバ
407 受光用光ファイバ
408 受光器(増幅器含む)
409 ロックインアンプ
410 アナログ-デジタル(A/D)変換器
411 計測制御用計算機
412 計算機
413 表示部
414 制御信号
415 刺激・命令呈示装置
416 光源駆動信号
417 発振器(変調器)からの参照信号
501 送光用プローブ
502 受光用プローブ
503 プローブホルダ。
Claims (15)
- 被検体に光を照射するための1つまたは複数の光照射手段と、
前記1つまたは複数の光照射手段から前記被検体上の照射点に照射され、被検体内を伝播してきた光を前記被検体上の検出点において検出するための1つまたは複数の光検出手段と、
前記1つまたは複数の光照射手段および前記1つまたは複数の光検出手段を制御するための制御部と、
前記1つまたは複数の光検出手段で得られる信号を解析するための解析部と、
前記解析部での解析結果を表示するための表示部とを有し、
前記光照射手段と前記光検出手段の各々は、前記被検体上における、前記照射点と前記検出点間の距離として定義されるSD距離が少なくとも2種以上となるように前記被検体上に配置され、
前記解析部は、前記光照射手段と前記光検出手段との組み合わせにより計測された複数の計測データから信号分離手法を用いて1つまたは複数の分離成分を抽出し、各々の前記分離成分のSD距離依存性を基準として、前記分離成分を選択し、前記選択した分離成分を用いて計測データを再構成することを特徴とする生体光計測装置。 - 前記SD距離依存性は、前記1つまたは複数の分離成分の、振幅値、振幅値標準偏差、各々の計測点における重み値、の少なくとも1つによって決まる関数値を、前記SD距離もしくは灰白質における部分光路長に対してプロットし、回帰分析を実施したときの、回帰曲線のモデル式のパラメータであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。
- 前記解析部は、前記パラメータを用いて、前記被検体の浅部および深部に共通に含まれる成分における、深部または浅部の寄与率を算出し、前記寄与率に比例した重みを用いて、深部成分および浅部成分を再構成することを特徴とする請求項2記載の生体光計測装置。
- 前記1つまたは複数の光検出手段は、前記被検体上において、当該光検出手段から半径60 mm以内に位置する前記複数の光照射手段からの信号のうち、前記SD距離の異なる少なくとも2つの光照射手段からの信号を検出するよう配置されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。
- 前記1つまたは複数の光検出手段は、少なくとも2種の前記複数の光照射手段からの信号を、異なるタイミングで検出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。
- 前記1つまたは複数の光検出手段は、前記1つまたは複数の光照射手段から照射され前記被験体の灰白質を伝播した光を検出するように配置されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。
- 前記関数値は、g(w、u、σ)=w×(u^2+σ^2)^(0.5)、もしくはg(w)=w(ただしwは前記重み値、uは前記分離成分の振幅平均値、σは前記分離成分の振幅値標準偏差)であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の生体光計測装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記SD距離もしくは前記光検出手段で検出される光のパワーに依存して、前記光照射手段から照射される光のパワーを制御することを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記光照射手段あるいは前記光検出手段の、使用および不使用を時間に応じて切り替えることを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。
- 前記表示部は、前記分離成分を、浅部信号、深部信号、浅部・深部共通に含まれる信号を分けて、または、前記複数のSD距離における信号を分けて、または、前記被験体の前頭部・側頭部・頭頂部・後頭部の少なくとも1つを含む計測部位における信号を分けて、または、記憶課題・運動性課題・言語性課題・視覚課題の少なくとも1つを含む課題中の応答信号に分けて表示することを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。
- 前記光照射手段および前記光検出手段を保持するための保持部を有し、
前記保持部は、前記計測点を増加させるために、補助光検出手段を追加的に、もしくは着脱可能に保持し、
前記補助光検出手段は、前記複数の光検出手段の少なくとも1つと同期したタイミングで光を検出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。 - 前記制御部における制御方法、または前記解析部における解析方法を手動入力するための入力手段を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。
- 各々の前記複数の光照射手段、および各々の前記複数の光検出手段は、少なくとも2つの計測点における前記SD距離が10 mm程度よりも大きくなるよう配置されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。ここで10 mm程度とは、7 mm以上13 mm未満のことを言う。
- 前記被検体の浅部の生体信号、深部の生体信号、全身性の生体信号、装置ノイズ、体動によるノイズ、の少なくとも1つを含む成分を分離、抽出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の生体光計測装置。
- 被検体に光を照射するための1つまたは複数の光照射手段と、前記1つまたは複数の光照射手段から前記被検体上の照射点に照射され、被検体内を伝播してきた光を前記被検体上の検出点において検出するための1つまたは複数の光検出手段と、前記1つまたは複数の光照射手段および前記1つまたは複数の光検出手段を制御するための制御部と、前記1つまたは複数の光検出手段で得られる信号を解析するための解析部とを有する生体光計測装置を用いた生体光計測方法であって、
前記光照射手段と前記光検出手段の各々を、前記被検体上における、前記照射点と前記検出点間の距離として定義されるSD距離が少なくとも2種以上となるように前記被検体上に配置するステップと、
前記光照射手段と前記光検出手段との組み合わせにより計測された複数の計測データから信号分離手法を用いて1つまたは複数の分離成分を抽出するステップと、
前記分離成分のSD距離依存性を基準として、前記分離成分を選択し、前記選択した分離成分を用いて計測データを再構成するステップと
を備えたことを特徴とする生体光計測方法。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2591732A1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| CN103153198B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
| US20130102907A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
| US9198624B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
| EP2591732B8 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
| JP5895025B2 (ja) | 2016-03-30 |
| CN103153198A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
| EP2591732B1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
| EP2591732A4 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
| JPWO2012005303A1 (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
| JP2014208268A (ja) | 2014-11-06 |
| JP5567672B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
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