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WO2012003857A1 - Agencement d'interfaçage entre systèmes à courant alternatif et continu - Google Patents

Agencement d'interfaçage entre systèmes à courant alternatif et continu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012003857A1
WO2012003857A1 PCT/EP2010/059565 EP2010059565W WO2012003857A1 WO 2012003857 A1 WO2012003857 A1 WO 2012003857A1 EP 2010059565 W EP2010059565 W EP 2010059565W WO 2012003857 A1 WO2012003857 A1 WO 2012003857A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
filter
coupled
arrangement according
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2010/059565
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Staffan Norrga
Anshuman Shukla
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to PCT/EP2010/059565 priority Critical patent/WO2012003857A1/fr
Publication of WO2012003857A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012003857A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks via a high-tension DC link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
    • H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output using passive filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/75—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/757—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/7575—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only for high voltage direct transmission link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks via a high-tension DC link
    • H02J2003/365—Reducing harmonics or oscillations in HVDC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to power transmission systems. More particularly the present invention relates to an interface arrangement for connection between an AC system and a DC system. BACKGROUND
  • AC Alternating Current
  • DC Direct Current
  • HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the arrangement also often includes a transformer having a primary side connected to the AC system and a secondary side coupled to the converter.
  • the modulation and the converter will also generate the 3 rd harmonic on the AC side. If the amplitude of the harmonic component is 1/6 of the amplitude of the fundamental component, the output voltage range of the converter can be extended to its maximum limit. This increases the efficiency of the converter and is therefore important in power transmission situations. However, this harmonic component has to be separated from the AC system. In a grid-connected converter, where the grid connection is made via a transformer, this third harmonic will cancel if the neutral point on at least one side of the transformer is ungrounded.
  • transformers are not used other ways of removal of the third harmonic components are required. Some such other types of removal are for instance described in WO 2004/017505, where a zero-sequence reactor is used between an AC system and a converter, and in WO
  • GB 2459764 also discusses placing a harmonics removal filter on the DC side of a converter, where a part of a smoothing reactor is a part of this filter.
  • the only type of converter described is a six-pulse bridge.
  • a transformer is furthermore employed between converter and AC system. The filter is provided for stopping harmonic currents from reaching a DC system.
  • the present invention addresses this situation.
  • the invention is thus directed towards providing an
  • This object is according to the invention achieved through an interface arrangement for connection between an AC system and a DC system and comprising
  • At least one filter with filter elements being set for removing a frequency component at three times the fundamental frequency of an AC voltage appearing at the AC side of the converter, and a control unit configured to control the converter using pulse width modulation,
  • the expression "coupled” used is intended to cover the possibility of an indirect connection between two elements. There may thus be one or more elements placed between two elements defined as being coupled to each other.
  • the expression "connected” is on the other hand intended to mean a direct connection of two entities to each other without any entity between them.
  • the invention has a number of advantages. The invention also enables removal of zero sequence third harmonics without the use of a transformer and without the need for 3 rd harmonic filters in phase connections between the AC system and the converter. Through providing at least one filter on the DC side of the converter the number of filter elements needed are reduced. As a part of such a filter is made up of a smoothing reactor, which is normally provided anyway, the number of additional elements provided for the filtering are limited even further. The invention therefore also provides a substantial cost saving. Compared to the ac- side blocking filters where at least three capacitors and three inductors are required, only two capacitors and maximum up to two inductors are required in the arrangement of the invention.
  • fig. 1 schematically shows a DC system being coupled to an AC system via an interface arrangement according to the invention
  • fig. 2 schematically shows the structure of a filter provided in the interface arrangement
  • fig. 3 schematically shows a first type of converter that can be used in the interface arrangement
  • fig. 4 schematically shows a second type of converter that can be used in the interface arrangement
  • fig. 5 schematically shows a third type of converter that can be used in the interface arrangement
  • fig. 6 shows an inductor in series with the filter that is used in one variation of the invention.
  • the present invention is directed towards providing an arrangement for interfacing a Direct Current (DC) system with an Alternating Current (AC) system, which systems may both be power transmission systems.
  • DC Direct Current
  • AC Alternating Current
  • the DC system can for instance be a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission system and the AC system may be a Flexible Alternating Current
  • FACTS Transmission System
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows the interface arrangement 20 according to a first embodiment of the invention for connection between an AC system SI and a DC system S2.
  • the AC system SI is in the example given in fig. 1 a three-phase AC system and includes three conductors 10, 12 and 14 to which the DC system S2 is coupled. It should be realized that the AC system is not limited to three-phase AC systems.
  • the DC system S2 in turn includes a set of poles, which set here includes two poles 16 and 18. These two poles are coupled to the AC system conductors 10, 12 and 14 via the arrangement 20.
  • the arrangement 20 includes a
  • the converter 28 for conversion between AC and DC.
  • the converter 28 may function as a rectifier and/or inverter.
  • the converter 20 is typically a voltage source converter and can be of a number of various types, of which some will be described later on.
  • the converter 28 is furthermore a pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled converter.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the converter 28 therefore has a DC side which is coupled to the set of poles and in this first
  • first pole 16 via a first filter 32 and to the second pole 18 via a second filter 34.
  • filters are series connected between the converter and the poles.
  • this first embodiment of the invention there is one filter per pole. This means that each pole is coupled to the converter via a corresponding filter.
  • the converter also has an AC side for being coupled to the AC system.
  • the interface arrangement 20 furthermore comprises a set of smoothing reactors, each connected to a
  • intermediate connections are sometimes denoted an AC filter busbar.
  • the intermediate connections are sometimes denoted an AC filter busbar.
  • a number of units may be connected to these parallel intermediate connections.
  • Surge arresters, and filters for filtering of high frequency components may for instance be connected between the intermediate connections and ground.
  • All these elements are not central for the present invention and are therefore omitted in fig. 1.
  • the control which is pulse width modulation (PWM) control, is indicated with a dashed arrow in fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows one configuration of the first filter 32.
  • the second filter may have the same configuration and the same values. Therefore this figure is applicable also for the second filter.
  • the first filter 32 here includes a DC side smoothing reactor 38 with inductance L d in parallel with a capacitor 36 with capacitance C d - This parallel circuit is connected in series between the converter and the first pole.
  • the values of the filter elements are selected for providing filtering at three times the fundamental frequency of an AC voltage at the AC side of the converter. This voltage appears on the intermediate connections i.e. at the fundamental frequency provided at the AC side of the converter. The frequency of this voltage is here also the frequency of the AC system.
  • the inductance of the reactor may first be
  • the converter is a voltage source converter and may as such be of a number of different types. It may for instance be a two-level, a three- level or a multi-level converter, where a two-level converter 28A is schematically shown in fig. 3, a three-level converter 28B is schematically shown in fig. 4 and a multi-level converter 28C is schematically shown in fig. 5.
  • Each such converter normally includes a number of phase legs, where there is one phase leg for each phase provided via the intermediate
  • a converter thus includes at least two and in this case three phase legs. However, in fig. 3 - 5, only one such phase leg is shown. In fig. 3 the control unit 30 is also included.
  • the switching elements are provided in the form of a transistor with anti-parallel diode.
  • the switching elements are
  • phase leg PL In parallel with the phase leg PL there is a capacitor bank CB (here shown including two capacitors) . The midpoint of this capacitor bank CB is grounded while the mid point of the phase leg PL is connected to a first end of a phase reactor LCI having a phase
  • phase reactor LCI forms a pole to AC side inductance of the converter for both poles .
  • the switching elements are controlled, typically by the control unit 30, using PWM for
  • the three-level converter 28B in fig. 4 resembles the two-level converter and in this example includes a phase leg with a first branch including four switching elements connected in series.
  • the difference between the three- and the two-level converter is that there is a further branch of switching elements, here including two switching elements, connected in parallel with the two switching elements of the first branch provided adjacent and on opposite sides of the phase leg
  • the midpoint of this further branch is furthermore grounded.
  • the switching elements are here controlled by the control unit (not shown) , also using PWM.
  • Each phase leg is made up of a series connection of cells, where each cell is made up of two series connected switching elements having a capacitor connected in parallel with both these elements.
  • the midpoint between two switching elements of a cell is connected to one end of the capacitor of a following cell. In this way the cells are connected in series between the two poles.
  • reactors LCA and LCB there is also in this example a capacitor bank with grounded midpoint
  • this converter is connected between the two poles. Also this converter is controlled using PWM.
  • Each cell here provides a zero or a small voltage contribution.
  • the switching elements of the cells are furthermore controlled by the control unit (not shown) so that the voltage at the phase leg midpoint resembles a reference AC voltage. This means that the cells are switched for providing a zero or the small voltage contribution, where the sum of the small voltage contributions of the cells together form an AC voltage resembling the reference AC voltage.
  • This third harmonic can be injected by the control unit using PWM, which is often called Third Harmonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation (3PWM) .
  • PWM Third Harmonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation
  • This third harmonics component is then injected towards the AC system with an amplitude that as an example can be 1/6 of the amplitude of the fundamental component of the AC voltage.
  • These injected harmonic sequences reduces the peak level of the voltage and therefore increases the modulation index with about 15%, which can be used for increasing the efficiency.
  • this type of harmonic cannot be allowed to reach the AC system SI, where such harmonic is not used. This means that the zero sequence harmonic has to be removed.
  • the converter converts the DC voltage to an AC voltage into which third harmonic zero-sequences have been added, which thus raises the efficiency of the converter.
  • These injected third harmonic zero sequences are stopped from reaching the AC system by the first and second filters on the DC side of the converter. Even though these filters are provided on the DC side of the converter they still block the third harmonic zero sequences from reaching the AC system.
  • filters on the AC of the converter would require three filters, one for each phase. In relation to this there is thus a reduction in the number of filters required. Since the smoothing reactors are normally provided anyway, this means that the invention can be realized with one or a maximum of two additional capacitors .
  • each filter will only receive half the current as compared to the filters required on an AC side, which also allows the capacitor rating to be lowered . It is possible to further vary the invention through placing a further inductor in series with a filter between the converter and a corresponding pole, . This situation is shown in fig. 6. This further inductor is used if it is desirable to prevent higher order
  • the control unit may be provided as a computer or a processor with computer program memory including computer program code instructions causing the computer or processor to perform 3PWM control of the voltage source converter. As an alternative it may be realized through hardware .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un agencement d'interfaçage (20) entre un système à courant alternatif (S1) et un système à courant continu (S2). L'agencement comprend un convertisseur de source de tension (28) commandé par modulation de largeur d'impulsion, dont le côté continu est couplé galvaniquement avec un ensemble de pôles du système à courant continu et le côté alternatif couplé galvaniquement avec le système à courant alternatif, un ensemble de réactances de lissage, chacune étant couplée à un pôle continu correspondant, au moins un filtre (32, 34) composé d'éléments filtrants paramétrés pour éliminer une composante de fréquence à trois fois la fréquence fondamentale d'une tension alternative présente sur le côté alternatif du convertisseur et une unité de commande (30) qui commande le convertisseur en utilisant la modulation PWM. Dans la conversion, l'unité de commande injecte la composante de fréquence à trois fois la fréquence fondamentale et chaque filtre est implanté sur le côté continu du convertisseur et comprend une réactance de lissage montée en parallèle avec un condensateur.
PCT/EP2010/059565 2010-07-05 2010-07-05 Agencement d'interfaçage entre systèmes à courant alternatif et continu Ceased WO2012003857A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2010/059565 WO2012003857A1 (fr) 2010-07-05 2010-07-05 Agencement d'interfaçage entre systèmes à courant alternatif et continu

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2010/059565 WO2012003857A1 (fr) 2010-07-05 2010-07-05 Agencement d'interfaçage entre systèmes à courant alternatif et continu

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WO2012003857A1 true WO2012003857A1 (fr) 2012-01-12

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015055255A1 (fr) * 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et circuit permettant d'éliminer l'interférence harmonique dans une ligne de transmission de cc
US9768710B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2017-09-19 General Electric Technology Gmbh Converter
US9847737B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-12-19 General Electric Technology Gmbh Modular multilevel converter leg with flat-top PWM modulation, converter and hybrid converter topologies

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5414612A (en) * 1993-08-03 1995-05-09 Asea Brown Boveri Ab HVDC transmission with a converter connected between an AC voltage and a DC link common to the converters
WO2004017505A1 (fr) 2002-08-16 2004-02-26 Abb Ab Installation de transmission de courant electrique et procede d'exploitation de ladite installation
WO2008024039A1 (fr) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 Abb Technology Ltd Filtre à courant continu et station de convertisseur de source de tension comprenant un tel filtre
GB2459764A (en) 2008-05-06 2009-11-11 Siemens Ag DC power transmission system
WO2009149755A1 (fr) 2008-06-12 2009-12-17 Abb Technology Ag Appareil de transmission d’énergie électrique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5414612A (en) * 1993-08-03 1995-05-09 Asea Brown Boveri Ab HVDC transmission with a converter connected between an AC voltage and a DC link common to the converters
WO2004017505A1 (fr) 2002-08-16 2004-02-26 Abb Ab Installation de transmission de courant electrique et procede d'exploitation de ladite installation
WO2008024039A1 (fr) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 Abb Technology Ltd Filtre à courant continu et station de convertisseur de source de tension comprenant un tel filtre
GB2459764A (en) 2008-05-06 2009-11-11 Siemens Ag DC power transmission system
WO2009149755A1 (fr) 2008-06-12 2009-12-17 Abb Technology Ag Appareil de transmission d’énergie électrique

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
VITHAYATHIL, MITTLESTADT, BJORKLUND: "DC Systems with Transformerless Converters", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, vol. 10, no. 3, 19 October 2007 (2007-10-19), XP000557343 *
VITHAYATHIL, MITTLESTADT; BJORKLUND: "DC Systems with Transformerless Converters", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, vol. 10, no. 3, 1994

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9768710B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2017-09-19 General Electric Technology Gmbh Converter
WO2015055255A1 (fr) * 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et circuit permettant d'éliminer l'interférence harmonique dans une ligne de transmission de cc
US9847737B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-12-19 General Electric Technology Gmbh Modular multilevel converter leg with flat-top PWM modulation, converter and hybrid converter topologies

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