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WO2012000112A1 - Accouplements d'arbres et procédés correspondants - Google Patents

Accouplements d'arbres et procédés correspondants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012000112A1
WO2012000112A1 PCT/CA2011/050394 CA2011050394W WO2012000112A1 WO 2012000112 A1 WO2012000112 A1 WO 2012000112A1 CA 2011050394 W CA2011050394 W CA 2011050394W WO 2012000112 A1 WO2012000112 A1 WO 2012000112A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft sections
shaft
coupling
coupling according
projections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2011/050394
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Alfred Vickars
Jeremiah Charles Tilney Vickars
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vickars Developments Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Vickars Developments Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vickars Developments Co Ltd filed Critical Vickars Developments Co Ltd
Publication of WO2012000112A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012000112A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
    • F16B7/04—Clamping or clipping connections
    • F16B7/0406—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being coaxial
    • F16B7/0426—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being coaxial for rods or for tubes without using the innerside thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to couplings useful for coupling together sections of shafts and methods of using same. Some embodiments have particular application in coupling together shaft sections for helical piers to support the foundation of a structure, such as a building, and methods of using same.
  • each shaft section comprises a socket at one end that can receive the other end of a connected shaft section.
  • the socket is typically square in cross section and receives a square end of a connected shaft.
  • a bolt passing through holes in the socket and connected shaft end secures the shaft sections together.
  • the bolts used to secure shaft sections together are smaller in diameter than the shaft sections and can fail if the tension applied to the shaft exceeds the shear strength of the bolts;
  • cross- bolted connections tend to provide weak links at which failures tend to occur when shafts with bolted connections are made to withstand forces in one or more of shear, tension, bending and torque .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a coupling according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1A is a side elevational view of a shaft section according to an example embodiment.
  • Figures IB, 1C, and ID are possible cross-sections of a shaft section of the type illustrated in Figure 1A.
  • Figure 2 is a side elevational view and cross-sectional view of a coupling according to an example embodiment.
  • Figures 2A and 2B are respectively possible cross-sections of a shaft section and a coupling of the type illustrated in Figure 2.
  • Figure 2C illustrates schematically an example projection having an angled flank.
  • Figures 3, 3A, 3B, and 3C are cross-sectional views through shaft couplings according to alternative embodiments.
  • Figure 4 is an elevational view of a helical pier incorporating shaft couplings according to an alternative embodiment.
  • Figure 5 is an isometric exploded view of a coupling according to a further alternative embodiment.
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8A through 8E are cross sections through couplings according to further alternative embodiments.
  • Figures 9 is a cross-sectional view of a coupling according to another example embodiment and Figure 10 is a side elevation view of a shaft for coupling to another shaft with couplings as shown in Figure 9.
  • FIG 1 illustrates schematically a coupling 10 that may be applied to couple together the ends 12A and 12B of first and second shaft sections 12.
  • Coupling 10 comprises projections 14 that project outwardly (e.g. away from center-lines of shaft sections 12 or radially) and one or more members 16 that engage and extend between projections 14.
  • Projections 14 may be integral with shaft sections 12.
  • shaft sections 12 are made of steel or another suitable metal and projections 14 are formed by forging, upsetting or otherwise deforming the material of shaft sections 12.
  • projections 14 are provided by welding or brazing pieces of material onto shaft sections 12.
  • the material of projections 14 and shaft sections 12 is the same.
  • shaft section 12, apart from projections 14, has a uniform cross-section and outside profile along its length.
  • shaft section 12, apart from projections 14, can have a uniform square (or rectangular) or round cross-section along its entire length.
  • the cross-sectional area of shaft section 12 is uniform along the length between projections 14.
  • the cross-sectional area of the connection between projections 14 and the remaining material of shaft sections 12 may be chosen so that the shear strength of projections 14 has a desired value.
  • Specific dimensions of projections 14 which achieve this objective will depend on the material of shaft sections 12 as well as the geometry of and number of projections 14 and the desired value.
  • the desired value is: at least equal to the ultimate tensile strength of shaft sections 12, greater than the ultimate tensile strength of shaft sections 12 or at least some stated proportion to the ultimate tensile strength of shaft sections 12.
  • the stated proportion may be in the range of 0.8 to 1.3 for example with example proportions of 0.85, 1.1, and 1.25.
  • the ultimate shear strength is approximately 0.75 times the ultimate tensile strength.
  • the cross sectional area of the interfaces between projections 14 and a shaft section 12 are at least in the range of 1 to 2 times the minimum cross-sectional area of the portion of shaft section 12 that is subjected to tensile loads (e.g. the portion of the shaft section 12 between couplings 10).
  • projections 14 may provide different numbers of projections 14. It is typically desirable to provide two or more projections 14 on the end of a shaft section 12 to be coupled although only one projection 14 is provided in some embodiments. In some embodiments there are from 2 to 5 projections 14 on each end of a shaft section 12 to be coupled. In some embodiments, projections 14 comprise a plurality of ridges on at least one end of a shaft section 12. For example there may be a suitable number of ridges having suitable sizes on each of two opposing faces of an end of a shaft section 12. In some embodiments the number of ridges is 5 or more. In other embodiments the number of ridges is 5 or fewer.
  • Coupling member or members 16 engage projections 14 on two coupled shaft sections.
  • engagement of coupling members 16 to projections 14 comprises receiving projections 14 in recesses formed in coupling members 16.
  • Coupling members 16 may be made from material(s) that are the same as or different from the material or materials of shaft sections 12 and projections 14.
  • Coupling members 16, in aggregate, may have an ultimate tensile strength having a desired relationship to the ultimate tensile strength of shaft sections.
  • the ultimate tensile strength of coupling members 16 may, for example, have a desired value that is: at least equal to the ultimate tensile strength of shaft sections 12, greater than the ultimate tensile strength of shaft sections 12 or at least some stated proportion to the ultimate tensile strength of shaft sections 12.
  • the stated proportion may be, for example in the range of 0.8 to 1.3 with example proportions of 0.85, 1.1 and 1.25.
  • the total cross sectional area, A c , of the coupling members 16 and the minimum cross sectional area, A s , of the tension-bearing part of shaft sections 12 is related by:
  • T c is the tensile strength of the material of coupling members 16
  • T s is the tensile strength of the material of shaft sections 12
  • F is a safety factor.
  • F advantageously has a value such that F > 1 and preferably F > 1.25.
  • coupling members 16 are made from a material having a tensile strength greater than that of the material of shaft sections 12.
  • shaft sections 12 are made of mild steel and coupling members 16 are made of a high tensile strength steel.
  • Coupling members 16 may be made, for example, of a material having an ultimate tensile strength of at least 500 MPa (as compared to about 400 MPa for mild steel).
  • a minimum total cross-sectional area of the part of coupling members 16 that extend between projections 14 is at least equal to the minimum cross sectional area of the central portion of each shaft section 12 between its ends.
  • couplings 10 may transmit torques between shaft sections 12.
  • torques between shaft sections 12 may be transmitted to couplings 10.
  • Various example configurations and embodiments which provide for transmission of torque between coupled shaft sections 12 are described below.
  • couplings 10 may advantageously be configured so that the capacity of a shaft made up of sections 12 joined by couplings 10 in tension is not reduced by the presence of couplings 10.
  • a shaft is as strong in tension, torque, bending and shear as would be a continuous length of shafting having the same characteristics as shaft sections 12.
  • couplings 10 do not represent weak points.
  • Such shafts may be safely tensioned to a level limited by the strength of the portions of shaft sections 12 between couplings 10. Engineering calculations involving the overall strength of such shafts are simplified since such calculations may be made without reference to any detailed characteristics of couplings 10.
  • An advantage of some embodiments of coupling 10 is that the total amount of metal in shaft sections 12 and coupling members 16 may be reduced in comparison to some prior art couplings.
  • Another advantage of some embodiments of coupling 10 is that coupling 10 can be relatively small and compact in size while being able to transmit large tension forces and significant torques. For example, if the total cross-sectional area of projections 14 is equal to the cross-sectional area of shaft section 12, the width of coupling 10 may be about 1.414 times the width of shaft section 12. In some embodiments, the width of projections 14 can be made to be of some stated proportion to the width of shaft section 12 in order to keep the coupling compact while achieving a desired strength.
  • the width of coupling members 16 can be made to be of some stated proportion to the width of shaft section 12 in order to keep the coupling compact.
  • the total width of coupling 10, when assembled, is in the range of 1.5 to 3.0 times the width of shaft section 12.
  • shaft sections 12 and coupling 10 are designed to carry tension loads of at least 20kN and shaft sections 12 and coupling 10 are configured to transmit torques of at least 2,000 N-m.
  • couplings 10 can transmit higher torques and tensions.
  • a coupling 10 may be designed to withstand torques in excess of 20,000 N-m or 100,000 N-m and tensions of 400 kN or more.
  • couplings as described herein may be used in heavy-duty applications for which light-duty coupling designs would be unsuitable.
  • Figure 1A shows a shaft section 12 according to one example embodiment.
  • Projections 14 are provided at both ends 12A and 12B of shaft section 12.
  • the middle part 12C of shaft section 12 can be round in cross section whereas the ends 12A and 12B can be square in cross section.
  • Such a shaft section may be fabricated, for example, by forging end portions of a round bar to have square cross sections. Projections 14 at ends 12A and 12B may also be square in cross section.
  • Figure ID is a possible cross section of shaft section 12 at C-C showing a round middle part 12C.
  • Figure 1C is a possible cross section of shaft section 12 at B-B showing a square shaft end 12A.
  • Figure IB is a possible cross section of shaft section 12 at A-A showing a square projection 14.
  • the diameter of the round middle part 12C is equal to the width of square end 12A or 12B. In other embodiments, the diameter of the round middle part 12C is equal to the diagonal of square end 12A or 12B.
  • the cross-sectional areas of ends 12A and 12B are equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of middle part 12C. In another example embodiment the cross-sectional areas of ends 12A and 12B are at least of some stated proportion to the cross-sectional area of middle part 12C. The stated proportion may be, for example, in the range of 0.8 to 1.3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a coupling 20 according to one more detailed example embodiment.
  • Coupling 20 comprises two shaft sections 22 A and 22B (collectively or generally shaft sections 22) respectively having ends 23A and 23B (collectively or generally shaft ends 23).
  • Shaft sections 22 have a square (or other non-round) cross- section at least in ends 23.
  • Projections 24 project on the outsides of shaft ends 23.
  • each shaft end 23 has two projections 24.
  • each shaft end 23 has one or more projections 24.
  • Figure 2A is a cross section through a shaft 22 showing a square projection 24.
  • Each projection 24 has a square (or other non-round) cross-section.
  • projections 24 have the form of projecting flanges that extend around the circumferences of shaft ends 23.
  • shaft ends 23 may be symmetrical in relation to rotations of 90 degrees.
  • Coupling 20 comprises connecting pieces 25.
  • Connecting pieces 25 have recesses 26 to receive projections 24 on shaft sections 22A and 22B.
  • connecting pieces 25 are long enough that tips 27 of shaft sections 23A and 23B are held spaced apart from one another when projections 24 are engaged in corresponding recesses 26 on connecting pieces 25.
  • connecting pieces 25 have lengths such that tips 27 of shaft sections 23 are held directly against one another.
  • Coupling 20 can be assembled by bringing shaft ends 23A and 23B together, placing connecting pieces 25 to engage projections 24 on both shaft ends 23 and holding connecting pieces 25 in place.
  • Various holding means may be provided to hold connecting pieces 25 in place. For example:
  • one or more bolts may be provided to clamp connecting pieces to one another (as shown for example in Figure 2);
  • a sleeve may be slid over connecting pieces 25 after they are in place (as shown for example in Figures 3A to 3C);
  • straps, wires, a clamp, a clip or the like may be fastened around connecting pieces 25 after they are in place;
  • connecting pieces 25 may be welded to one another after they are in place;
  • connecting pieces 25 may be configured to receive one or more pins, keys, or other retaining members to lock connecting pieces 25 together;
  • connecting pieces 25 may be configured to interlock with one another and/or with projections 24 so as to hold connecting pieces 25 in place;
  • a bolt 28A passes through holes 30 in connecting pieces 25 and is attached to a nut 28B to secure connecting pieces 25 around end portions of shaft sections 22A and 22B.
  • One feature of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 is that no holes through shaft sections 22 are required (particularly in the tension-carrying portions of shaft sections 22 lying between projections 24).
  • Bolt 28A passes through gap 29 between tips 27 of shaft sections 22 A and 22B.
  • connecting pieces 25 can be identical to one another (thereby making assembly easier and requiring fewer different kinds of pieces);
  • both ends of each shaft 22 may be the same as one another (thereby potentially simplifying manufacture of shaft sections 22);
  • Some other embodiments may share one or more of these features. It is not mandatory that all embodiments share any of these features.
  • flanks of projections 24 may be oriented at right angles to surfaces of shaft sections 22. However, it can be advantageous for the flanks 32 of projections 24 to be angled, for example as shown in Figure 2. When flanks 32 are angled as shown and the inside faces of recesses 26 have complementary angles, as shown, then tension on coupling 20 tends to cause connecting pieces 25 to be forced apart, thereby locking connecting pieces against bolt 28A.
  • Figure 2C illustrates schematically a projection 24 having a flank angle ⁇ . In some embodiments ⁇ is in the range of about 3 to 5 degrees. In some embodiments the flank angle is negative, as illustrated by the dashed line in Figure 2C.
  • projections 24 are oriented to extend at right angles to the longitudinal center line of a shaft section 22.
  • projections 24 are angled slightly relative to the longitudinal centerline of the shaft section 22 and/or have flanks that are curved or chevron-shaped.
  • the inside faces of recesses 26 that bear against the flanks have a configuration matching that of the flanks so as to provide a broad area of contact between the inside faces of recesses 26 and the flanks when the shaft is placed under tension.
  • projections 24 extend around the ends of shaft section 22 in a low-pitch helix (e.g. projections 24 have the overall form of coarse threads).
  • One or more connecting pieces 25 of a coupling 20 may be configured to contact two or more faces of each shaft section 22.
  • one or more connecting pieces 25 may be C-shaped or L-shaped or V-shaped in cross section.
  • An advantage of embodiments in which one or more connecting pieces 25 contact two opposing faces of shaft sections 22 is that torque loads can be transmitted by the connecting pieces 25 without imposing extra forces on whatever mechanism is supplied to keep connecting pieces 25 in place.
  • Such "wrap around" connecting pieces may be used alone, with one or more other wrap around connecting pieces or with one or more flat connecting pieces.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates the case where two connecting pieces 25A and 25B are each C-shaped in cross section.
  • One connecting piece 25A has a base 32 that extends across one face 34A of shaft 22 and has arms 33A and 33B that extend onto faces 34B and 34D of shaft 22.
  • a second connecting piece 25B has a base 32 that extends across face 34C of shaft section 22 and has arms 33C and 33D that extend onto faces 34B and 34D of shaft section 22.
  • Longitudinal channels 34 are defined between arms 33 of each connecting piece 25A and 25B.
  • recesses 26 may extend across arms 33 of connecting pieces 25A and 25B as well as across base 32.
  • Connecting pieces 25A and 25B may together extend completely or nearly completely around the
  • connecting pieces 25 may be held in place by a sleeve as illustrated, for example, in Figures 3 through 3C.
  • a coupling 40 has two connecting pieces 45 which are both C- shaped in cross-section. Connecting pieces 45 are held in place by a sleeve 46. Sleeve 46 may be held in place over connecting pieces 45 by one or more of a clamp, set screw, bolt, pin, welding, deformation of some portion of sleeve 46, or the like.
  • FIG. 3A shows a coupling 40A comprising two connecting pieces 45A and two connecting pieces 45B.
  • Connecting pieces 45A and 45B are all rectangular in cross section with connecting pieces 45 A wider than connecting pieces 45B.
  • Figure 3B shows a coupling 45B comprising connecting pieces 45C which are V- or L-shaped in cross section.
  • Figure 3C shows a coupling 45C comprising four connecting pieces 45D each having an L-shaped cross-section.
  • coupling pieces have recesses (not shown) that engage projections on shaft sections to be coupled.
  • a sleeve 46 holds the connecting pieces in place.
  • the flanks 32 of projections 24 it can be advantageous for the flanks 32 of projections 24 to be angled, for example as shown in Figure 2. Where walls of recesses 26 have similar angles, the interaction of recesses 26 and projections 24 when tension is applied to pull coupled shaft sections 22 apart tends to force connecting pieces 25 outward into firm contact against inner walls of the bore of the sleeve.
  • projections 14 may be provided on two opposing faces of the ends of shaft sections 22. In some embodiments different projections 24 may be on different faces of shaft sections 22. • Ends 23 of shaft sections 22 may have cross-sectional shapes other than square. For example, ends 23 may be rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal or the like.
  • ends 23 of shaft sections 22 may be round in cross-section.
  • ends 23 of shaft sections 22 are round in cross section while projections 24 are square in cross-section or have some other non-round shape.
  • ends 23 have splines, keyways, or other longitudinally-extending recesses or projections that engage corresponding recesses or projections of connecting pieces 25.
  • a coupling could comprise single connecting piece 16.
  • a coupling may comprise a single C-shaped connecting piece that wraps around three faces of ends of each of two shaft sections being coupled.
  • couplings as described herein are applied to couple shaft sections in helical piers.
  • Such helical piers may be used, for example, in the context of pile structures as described in Vickars et al. US patent Nos. 5707180, 6264402, 6435776, and 6652195.
  • shaft sections 12 are conveniently 3 to 10 feet in length. 4 foot long shaft sections 12 may be used in some applications.
  • connecting members 16 may be, for example, 9 inches or less in length.
  • connecting pieces for coupling ends of 2-inch square shaft sections are approximately 6 to 7 inches long. While not mandatory, making connecting pieces short relative to shaft sections 12 makes connecting pieces 16 easy to handle and relatively inexpensive. In some embodiments, even relatively short connecting pieces can provide couplings that fully develop the shaft sections in tension, torque bending and shear.
  • Figure 4 illustrates that soil displacing members or helical screws may be incorporated into couplings as described herein.
  • Figure 4 shows a portion of a helical pier 50 comprising shaft sections 52A, 52B and 52C coupled by couplings 53.
  • Each coupling 53 includes a sleeve 55 that holds in place coupling members (e.g. connecting pieces as described above).
  • One or more helical screws 56 are mounted to one or more of sleeves 55.
  • Helical screws 56 may be removably attached to sleeve 55 or permanently attached to sleeve 55.
  • the helical screws may, for example, comprise angled and/or curved metal plates.
  • sleeves 55 are retained by providing pins, bolts or the like that pass through holes 57 in sleeves 55.
  • Soil-displacing members such as disks, plates, projecting arms, circumferential flanges, one or more
  • longitudinally -extending radially-projecting plates, ridges, blades, or the like may optionally be mounted to one or more sleeves 55.
  • Figure 5 shows a coupling 60 according to another example embodiment.
  • Coupling 60 comprises first and second interlocking coupling pieces 62A and 62B (collectively or generally coupling pieces 62) that couple the ends 63 of shaft sections 64A and 64B.
  • Coupling pieces 62A and 62B may advantageously be identical to one another although this is not mandatory.
  • Each of ends 63 carry projections 65 that are spaced apart longitudinally along ends 63. In this example, ends 63 are square or rectangular in cross section.
  • Each coupling piece 62 comprises a base 67 and arms 68 projecting at right angles to base 67.
  • connecting pieces 62 each have four arms 68.
  • Two arms 68 A and 68C are spaced apart from one another along one edge of base 67 and two arms 68B and 68D are spaced apart from one another along an opposing edge of base 67.
  • Inner faces of base 67 and arms 68 define a channel 69 dimensioned to receive ends 63 of shaft sections to be coupled together.
  • Arms 68 A and 68C are spaced apart from one another to leave a gap 70 A dimensioned to receive arm 68D of an opposing coupling piece 62.
  • Arms 68B and 68D are spaced apart from one another to leave a gap 70B dimensioned to receive arm 68C of an opposing coupling piece 62.
  • a groove 72 A extends across base 67 and arms 68A and 68B.
  • a groove 72B extends across base 67 and arms 68C and 68D.
  • Grooves 72 A and 72B are dimensioned to receive corresponding projections 65.
  • Groove 73A extends across base 67 at a level corresponding to gaps 70A and 70B.
  • Groove 73B extends across base 67 at a level that is spaced along base 67 from arms 68C and 68D.
  • Coupling 60 may be assembled by bringing shaft section ends 63 together and sliding coupling pieces 62A and 62B transversely into place with projections 65 each received in a groove 72.
  • a part of each projection 65 on one face of shaft section end 63 is also received in a groove 73.
  • at least one arm 68 from each coupling piece 62 is interdigitated between two arms 68 of an opposing coupling piece 62.
  • arm 68C of each coupling piece 62 is interdigitated between arms 68B and 68D of the other coupling piece 62 and arm 68D of each coupling piece 62 is interdigitated between arms 68A and 68C of the other coupling piece 62.
  • coupling pieces After coupling pieces have been installed then they may be held in place by locking them to one another and/or to shaft sections 62 and/or by applying a clamp, strap, or other holding device.
  • projections 65 are interrupted by gaps 75 and corresponding grooves 76 are formed across arms 68. Gaps 75 and grooves 76 line up to form longitudinally extending slots when connecting pieces 62 are in place around shaft section ends 63.
  • pins 77 When coupling pieces 62 are in place, pins 77 may be pushed into the longitudinally -extending slots. Pins 77 prevent removal of coupling pieces 62.
  • Pins 77 may be tapered and/or held in place by other means such as a pin, screw, weld, detent mechanism, spring, pawl, barb, or the like.
  • Couplings having the general layout shown in Figure 5 may have a wide variety of alternative constructions while still retaining features of the construction of coupling 60.
  • coupling pieces are configured such that arms on one side of a base are aligned with gaps between arms on the opposing side of the base.
  • coupling pieces 62 have more than the four arms 68 illustrated in Figure 5.
  • projections 65 are provided only on two opposing faces of shaft ends 63. In such embodiments, grooves 72 do not need to extend onto arms 68.
  • FIG. 6 shows a coupling 20A that is similar to coupling 20 of Figure 2 except that one connecting piece 25 is attached to an end of each shaft section 22A and 22B in advance.
  • the attachment is only required to hold the connecting pieces 25 in place prior to assembly. After assembly the coupling is retained by a bolt 28A and nut 28B or the like. Therefore, the attachment may be provided, for example, by spot welds, suitable adhesive or the like. Assembly of coupling 20A is simplified. One need only to mate the ends of each of shaft sections 22A and 22B with the connecting piece 25 that is attached to the other shaft section and then clamp the connecting pieces 25 toward one another with a bolt / nut 28A, 28B or other holding mechanism to complete the coupling.
  • one connecting piece 25 is attached to the end of one of shaft sections 22A, 22B as described above and the other connecting piece 25 is provided as a separate piece.
  • FIG. 7 shows a coupling 80 according to an embodiment wherein shaft sections 12 are tubular and have internal bores 81.
  • Such tubular shaft sections 12 may have various cross-sectional shapes.
  • tubular shaft sections may be round, square, triangular, rectangular, polygonal, oval etc.
  • Bores 81 may extend part or all of the way along shaft sections 12.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates a coupling 85A wherein torque is transmitted between shaft sections 12 by mechanical interference between structures 86A and 86B respectively on ends of the coupled shaft sections 12A and 12B. Connecting pieces 16 hold shaft sections end-to-end so that structures 86A and 86B remain engaged.
  • structures 86A and 86B provide interdigitating projections (collectively 86).
  • Projections 86 may have the form of castellations, as shown, gear teeth, or the like,
  • shaft sections 12 are hollow and projections 86 are formed on edges of the ends of the walls of shaft sections 12.
  • Figure 8B illustrates another example coupling 85B wherein at least the ends of shaft sections 12 are hollow to provide bores 88 that are non-round in cross section.
  • a torque transmitting bar 89 is fittingly received in bores 88.
  • Bar 89 may be kept in place bridging shaft sections 12A and 12B by, for example, one or more of: ends of bores 88 that abut ends of bar 89; stops 90 A within bores 88 that abut ends of bar 89; a flange 90B or other projection that abuts ends of shaft sections 12A and 12B to prevent bar 89 from sliding very far within bores 88; a bolt or pin passing through or projecting from bar 89 that may also be used to hold connecting members 16 in place.
  • bar 89 has splines that engage internal splines (not shown) in bores of shaft sections 12A and 12B.
  • Figure 8C shows a coupling 85C that is similar to coupling 85B except that a torque-transmitting tube 92 is provided in place of (or optionally in addition to) bar 89.
  • Tube 92 has a non-round bore 93 that fittingly receives ends of shaft sections 12A and 12B.
  • FIG. 8D shows a coupling 85D in which a socket 95 is formed on one end of a shaft section 12A.
  • Socket 95 is configured to receive an end of shaft section 12B.
  • Socket 95 and the end of shaft section 12B have complementary cross-sections so that engagement of the end of shaft section 12B in socket 95 allows transmission of torque between shaft sections 12A and 12B.
  • Connecting members 16A and 16B are configured with recesses 96 that receive the outside of socket 95.
  • the outside of socket 95 may function as a projection 14 (optionally in conjunction with one or more additional projections 14 on the end of shaft section 12A). In the illustrated embodiment, two additional projections 14 are provided on the end of shaft section 12A while three projections 14 are provided on the end of shaft section 12B.
  • Figure 8E shows a coupling 85E which has been formed by deforming a heavy sleeve 98 around the ends of shaft sections 12A and 12B such that projections 14 are captured within the deformed sleeve 98.
  • Sleeve 98 may be applied in-situ using a portable hydraulic press to crimp the walls of sleeve 98 against the ends of shaft sections 12A and 12B on either side of projections 14.
  • Sleeve 98 and projections 14 may have complementary non-round cross-sections to facilitate transmission of torque between shaft sections 12A and 12B by way of sleeve 98.
  • shaft sections 12A and 12B may be hollow.
  • interdigitating castellations, gear teeth, or the like may be formed on edges of the ends of shaft sections 12A and 12B to facilitate transmission of torque between shaft sections 12A and 12B.
  • FIG. 9 shows a coupling 100 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • coupling 100 provides a first set of features for transmitting torque between shaft sections being coupled and a second set of features for transmitting tension forces between the shaft sections being connected.
  • tension is transmitted between first and second shaft sections 102A and 102B by way of tension rods 104.
  • Tension rods 104 extend between fittings 106A and 106B (collectively or individually fittings 106) on shaft sections 102A and 102B respectively.
  • each of fittings 106 comprises a flange 107 penetrated by apertures 108.
  • Each tension rod 104 passes through corresponding apertures 108 in the two flanges 107.
  • Apertures 108 are spaced apart around flanges 107.
  • three or more apertures are provided in each one of flanges 107 and three or more corresponding tension rods 104 extend between flanges 107. This helps to make connection 100 resistant to bending.
  • Tension rods 104 may be spaced apart evenly around flanges 107.
  • Flanges 107 may be welded onto the shaft sections or made to be unitary with the shaft sections.
  • each flange 107 to its corresponding shaft section 102 is sufficiently robust to withstand all expected forces that may be applied to flanges 107 by tension rods 104.
  • connection of flanges 107 to shaft sections 102 is such that under extreme tension forces, connected shaft sections 102 will fail before failure of the connections between flanges 107 and the shaft sections 102 to which they are attached.
  • Flanges 107 are affixed near the ends of shaft sections 102.
  • tension rods have a collective tensile strength at least equal to that of shaft sections 102 such that the tensile strength of the shaft sections 102 and not the tensile strength of tension rods 104 limits the maximum tensile loading of the resulting shaft.
  • Tension rods 104 may be threaded at one or both ends so that they can be secured in place between flanges 107 by way of nuts 111.
  • tension rods 104 comprise bolts having heads on one end and being threaded to receive one or more nuts 111 at a second end.
  • tension rods 104 may be in the form of studs that are threaded at both ends to receive nuts 111.
  • heads may be formed on tension rods 104 while tension rods 104 are in place between flanges 107 by upsetting one end of the tension rods.
  • Tension rods 104 may comprise a high-tensile strength alloy, for example an alloy having a yield strength of at least 80000 kpsi.
  • the alloy may, for example, comprise a high-strength steel alloy.
  • tension rods 104 may comprise grade 8 bolts.
  • tension rods 104 extend substantially parallel to shaft sections 102 when coupling 100 is assembled such that tension rods 104 do not bend in response to tension being applied to coupling 100.
  • tension rods 104 comprise a head or washer having a spherical profile that engages a corresponding recess in a flange 107 such that, under tension, tension rods 104 are self-aligning to the direction of tension and tend not to bend.
  • coupling 100 comprises a projection 115 at the end of shaft section 102A and a socket 117 configured to receive and engage projection 115 at the mating end of second shaft section 102B.
  • shaft sections 102 may be made to have a socket 116 at one end and a projection 115 at the other end. Multiple such shaft sections may be coupled together by couplings 100 to provide a shaft of a desired length.
  • a projection 115 of one shaft section in a socket 117 of a connected shaft section transmits torque loads between the shaft sections.
  • the fit of projection 115 in socket 117 is tight enough to prevent relative the coupled shaft sections from rotating enough to change the angle of tension rods 104 by a significant amount.
  • the fit may be sufficiently snug to maintain the tension rods parallel to logitudinal axes of the shaft sections within +1- 3 degrees.
  • a coupling that uses tension rods to carry tension loads between shaft segments may have other features to transmit torque loads between shaft sections.
  • torque loads may be transmitted using features as shown in the other embodiments described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Without limitation, such features may include: a sleeve having a through-passage or sockets on each end that non-rotationally receives projecting ends of the coupled shaft sections; and interdigitating teeth or other projections on the ends of the coupled shaft sections.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides methods for coupling shaft sections together.
  • An example embodiment of such a method comprises aligning two shaft sections having projections as described herein co-axially with ends of the aligned shaft sections proximate to one another.
  • the method continues by applying connecting pieces having recesses to accommodate the projections to the ends of the shafts such that the projections on the shaft sections are engaged in corresponding recesses of the connecting pieces.
  • the method is completed by securing the connecting pieces to one another and/or to one or both of the shaft sections.
  • this last step comprises bolting the shaft sections together.
  • the method comprises passing a bolt between ends of the shaft section and securing the connecting pieces to one another with the bolt.
  • securing step comprises sliding a sleeve over the connecting pieces and securing the sleeve in place.
  • shaft couplings as described herein may be designed so that a shaft assembled out of shaft sections connected by such couplings is fully-developed in all of shear, bending, torque and tension. That is, when such a shaft is subjected to loads in shear, bending, torque or tension to the point that the shaft fails, the failure of the shaft will occur in the material of the shaft and not at the couplings.
  • Such couplings can be readily designed to provide a desired safety factor (for example, 25 %).
  • connecting members and/or shaft sections comprise raw castings or forgings or rough-machined parts which do not require expensive finish machining operations to produce and which can be assembled in the field without the need for assembly personnel to concern themselves with tight- tolerance fits.
  • an embodiment may be created by providing shaft sections having projections of one or more of the types as described herein, selecting a combination of one or more connecting pieces formed to receive the projections, and selecting one or more mechanisms for retaining the connection pieces in engagement with the projections.
  • Some embodiments additionally include one or more mechanisms for facilitating transmission of torque between shaft sections selected from any of the example torque-transmission mechanisms disclosed herein.
  • couplings like any of couplings 10, 20, 20A, 60, 80, or 85A through 85E may optionally have any compatible characteristics described above in relation to others of the described couplings and vice-versa.
  • the coupling comprises connecting members or pieces that have recesses to
  • the coupling comprises connecting members or pieces that have recesses to
  • the coupling comprises connecting members or pieces that have recesses to engage projections that project outwardly from the shaft sections and the connecting members or pieces are held in place by a sleeve,
  • the coupling comprises connecting members or pieces that have recesses to engage projections that project outwardly from the shaft sections and the connecting members and projections are dimensioned so as to fully develop the shaft sections in at least tension and torque.
  • the coupling comprises connecting members or pieces that have recesses to engage projections that project outwardly from the shaft sections, the projections extend circumferentially around the ends of the shaft sections and the recesses extend circumferentially around the ends of the shaft sections (in some embodiment the bearing contact between sides of the recesses and faces of the projections extends for 360 degrees measured relative to a longitudinal centerline of the shaft sections. In some embodiment the bearing contact extends around the shaft sections through an angle of 330 degrees or more (again measured relative to a longitudinal centerline of the shaft sections).
  • the coupling comprises connecting members or pieces that have recesses to engage projections that project outwardly from the shaft sections and ends of the shaft sections are shaped to provide members (e.g. teeth, castellations, or the like) that mechanically interfere with one another so as to facilitate transmission of torque between the shaft sections.
  • members e.g. teeth, castellations, or the like
  • the coupling comprises connecting members or pieces that have recesses to engage projections that project outwardly from the shaft sections
  • the shaft sections are hollow and the coupling comprises a bar slidably received in hollow ends of the shaft sections, the engagement of the bar with the bores in the shaft sections constraining rotation of the bar to facilitate transmission of torque between the shaft sections.
  • the coupling as described herein is applied as a coupling in a helical pier
  • the coupling comprises connecting members or pieces that have recesses to engage projections that project outwardly from the shaft sections and lacks a bolt, pin or other member passing transversely through any tension-bearing portion of either of the shaft sections.
  • methods comprise using couplings as described herein to transmit tension and/or torque in screw piers or similar apparatus.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un accouplement, pour raccorder deux sections d'arbre, qui comprend une pluralité de pièces de raccordement présentant des évidements pour recevoir des parties saillantes qui s'étendent depuis les extrémités des deux sections d'arbre, et un mécanisme d'assemblage qui maintient les pièces de raccordement les unes contre les autres.
PCT/CA2011/050394 2010-06-28 2011-06-27 Accouplements d'arbres et procédés correspondants Ceased WO2012000112A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35933910P 2010-06-28 2010-06-28
US61/359,339 2010-06-28
US201161445515P 2011-02-22 2011-02-22
US61/445,515 2011-02-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012000112A1 true WO2012000112A1 (fr) 2012-01-05

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PCT/CA2011/050394 Ceased WO2012000112A1 (fr) 2010-06-28 2011-06-27 Accouplements d'arbres et procédés correspondants

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104963934A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-10-07 苏州柏德纳科技有限公司 一种连接杆
DE102015102137A1 (de) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-18 Dorothea Becker Positionieren von Hülsensegmenten
US9605703B2 (en) 2015-02-17 2017-03-28 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Clamp device for vertical pump coupling alignment
TWI675155B (zh) * 2018-05-10 2019-10-21 蔡保源 套蓋快拆式聯軸器

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US34769A (en) * 1862-03-25 Improvement in coupling shafting and rods
US1435028A (en) * 1922-11-07 Jointed rod
US2187314A (en) * 1938-09-28 1940-01-16 Gerald G Greulich Bearing pile splice clamp
GB2177479A (en) * 1985-06-27 1987-01-21 Northern Eng Ind Lock and release device for couplings
CA2438774A1 (fr) * 2001-03-22 2002-10-03 Rolls-Royce Ab Accouplement d'arbre
US6814525B1 (en) * 2000-11-14 2004-11-09 Michael Whitsett Piling apparatus and method of installation
US7090437B2 (en) * 2002-08-07 2006-08-15 Pinkleton Michael A Modular helical anchor
US20080063479A1 (en) * 2006-09-08 2008-03-13 Ben Stroyer Pile coupling

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US34769A (en) * 1862-03-25 Improvement in coupling shafting and rods
US1435028A (en) * 1922-11-07 Jointed rod
US2187314A (en) * 1938-09-28 1940-01-16 Gerald G Greulich Bearing pile splice clamp
GB2177479A (en) * 1985-06-27 1987-01-21 Northern Eng Ind Lock and release device for couplings
US6814525B1 (en) * 2000-11-14 2004-11-09 Michael Whitsett Piling apparatus and method of installation
CA2438774A1 (fr) * 2001-03-22 2002-10-03 Rolls-Royce Ab Accouplement d'arbre
US7090437B2 (en) * 2002-08-07 2006-08-15 Pinkleton Michael A Modular helical anchor
US20080063479A1 (en) * 2006-09-08 2008-03-13 Ben Stroyer Pile coupling

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015102137A1 (de) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-18 Dorothea Becker Positionieren von Hülsensegmenten
US9605703B2 (en) 2015-02-17 2017-03-28 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Clamp device for vertical pump coupling alignment
CN104963934A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-10-07 苏州柏德纳科技有限公司 一种连接杆
TWI675155B (zh) * 2018-05-10 2019-10-21 蔡保源 套蓋快拆式聯軸器

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