WO2012086183A1 - トンネル磁気抵抗素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
トンネル磁気抵抗素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012086183A1 WO2012086183A1 PCT/JP2011/007105 JP2011007105W WO2012086183A1 WO 2012086183 A1 WO2012086183 A1 WO 2012086183A1 JP 2011007105 W JP2011007105 W JP 2011007105W WO 2012086183 A1 WO2012086183 A1 WO 2012086183A1
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a perpendicular magnetization type tunnel magnetoresistive element.
- tunnel magnetoresistive elements tunneling magnetoresistive
- MRAM magnetoresistive random access memory
- the tunnel magnetoresistive element has a structure in which an insulating layer (tunnel barrier layer) is sandwiched between two magnetic layers, and the current between the magnetic layers (tunnel current) can be varied by the difference in magnetization direction of each magnetic layer. is there.
- the magnetization direction of both magnetic layers perpendicular to the stacking direction is called “in-plane magnetization type”, and the magnetization direction of the two magnetic layers in the same direction as the stacking direction is called “perpendicular magnetization type”.
- the perpendicular magnetization type tunneling magnetoresistive element has advantages such as miniaturization of the element, high resistance to thermal disturbance, and low magnetization reversal current, but it depends on the material of each layer, crystallinity, etc. Since the characteristics are greatly different, an element structure with more excellent characteristics is being sought.
- Patent Document 1 describes a perpendicular magnetization type MTJ (Magnetic Tunnel Junction) element having a CoFeB alloy as an interface pinned layer and MgO as a tunnel barrier layer.
- MTJ Magnetic Tunnel Junction
- a tunnel barrier layer made of MgO is formed on an interface fixed layer made of a CoFeB alloy, whereby the crystallinity of MgO is improved, and a device having a high MR (Magnetic-Resistance) ratio and a high spin injection efficiency. It is possible to create.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a perpendicular magnetization type magnetoresistive element that does not require an MgO film forming step.
- a first layer made of a material containing at least one of Co, Ni, and Fe is stacked on a substrate.
- a second layer made of Mg is laminated on the first layer.
- the stacked body including the first layer and the second layer is oxidized to oxidize Mg of the second layer to MgO.
- the laminated body is subjected to heat treatment to crystallize the second layer and to perpendicularly magnetize the first layer.
- a first layer made of a material containing at least one of Co, Ni, and Fe is stacked on a substrate.
- a second layer made of Mg is laminated on the first layer.
- the stacked body including the first layer and the second layer is oxidized to oxidize Mg of the second layer to MgO.
- the laminated body is subjected to heat treatment to crystallize the second layer and to perpendicularly magnetize the first layer.
- this manufacturing method it is possible to manufacture a perpendicular magnetization type magnetoresistive element without forming a metal oxide MgO.
- MgO metal oxide
- Co, Ni, and Fe are formed on the second layer after the step of oxidizing the stacked body and before the step of heating the stacked body.
- the third layer may be further perpendicularly magnetized.
- the second layer is formed by two layers made of a material containing at least one of Co, Ni, and Fe that are crystallized and perpendicularly magnetized, formed from the first layer and the third layer.
- the perpendicular magnetization of the first layer and the third layer and the crystallization of the second layer can be performed in one heat treatment process, compared to the case where these processes are separate processes. Productivity can be improved.
- the method of manufacturing a magnetoresistive element further comprising: a third layer made of a material containing at least one of Co, Ni, and Fe on the second layer after the step of heat-treating the stacked body.
- Layers may be stacked, and the stacked body may be subjected to heat treatment so that the third layer is perpendicularly magnetized.
- the second layer is formed by two layers made of a material containing at least one of Co, Ni, and Fe that are crystallized and perpendicularly magnetized, formed from the first layer and the third layer.
- a laminated structure in which layers made of crystallized MgO and formed from nip are sandwiched. Since the first heat treatment step is different from the third heat treatment step, both layers are perpendicularly magnetized under individual conditions when the first layer and the third layer have different film thicknesses. It is possible to improve the degree of freedom of the manufacturing process.
- the first layer and the third layer are made of a CoFeB-based material, and the step of stacking the first layer is performed so that the first layer has a thickness of 0.6 nm to 1.5 nm.
- the step of stacking and stacking the third layer may be performed so that the third layer has a thickness of 0.6 nm to 1.5 nm.
- a magnetoresistive element having a CoFeB-based material as a magnetic layer and MgO as an insulating layer is usually an in-plane magnetization type magnetoresistive element having a magnetization direction perpendicular to the stacking direction.
- the CoFeB-based material has a perpendicular anisotropy component in the vicinity of the interface between the magnetic layer and the insulating layer. Accordingly, by setting the film thicknesses of the first layer and the second layer to 0.6 nm to 1.5 nm, it is possible to manufacture a perpendicular magnetization type CoFeB-MgO magnetoresistive element. .
- the first layer is laminated immediately on the fourth layer made of Ta, and the method of manufacturing a magnetoresistive element according to claim 4 further includes the third layer.
- a fifth layer made of Ta may be stacked immediately above the layer.
- this manufacturing method it is possible to create a laminated structure in which the first layer is adjacent to the fourth layer and the third layer is adjacent to the fifth layer. Since the CoFeB-based material in contact with Ta exhibits perpendicular magnetization due to the contribution of Ta during crystallization, it is possible to manufacture a perpendicular magnetization type CoFeB-MgO-based magnetoresistive element by this manufacturing method. is there.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a laminated structure of tunnel magnetoresistive elements (hereinafter referred to as TMR elements).
- the TMR element according to the present embodiment is a “perpendicular magnetization” TMR element in which the magnetization direction is the same as the stacking direction.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the magnetization direction of the TMR element 1, and the arrows indicate the magnetization directions.
- FIG. 2A shows a “magnetization parallel state”
- FIG. 2B shows a “magnetization anti-parallel state”.
- the TMR element 1 has a layer structure in which a buffer layer 20, a pinned layer 30, a barrier layer 40, a free layer 50, and a capping layer 60 are laminated on a substrate 10 in this order.
- the structure of the TMR element 1 shown here is an example of an element structure manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- the substrate 10 is a substrate that supports each layer, and can be made of Si / SiO 2 formed by heat-oxidizing Si. Moreover, the board
- substrate 10 may consist of other materials, such as a ceramic and glass.
- the buffer layer 20 is a layer for promoting smooth and homogeneous crystallization of the adjacent pinned layer 30.
- the buffer layer 20 includes a Ta (tantalum) layer 21, a Ru (ruthenium) layer 22, and a Ta layer 23, which are sequentially stacked from the substrate 10 side as shown in FIG.
- the Ta layer 23 contributes to good crystallization of CoFeB constituting the pinned layer 30 described later.
- the thickness of each layer can be, for example, 5 nm for the Ta layer 21, 10 nm for the Ru layer 22, and 5 nm for the Ta layer 23.
- the configuration of the buffer layer 20 is not limited to that shown here.
- the pinned layer 30 is a layer whose magnetization direction is fixed.
- the “pinned layer” is also called “fixed layer” or “ferromagnetic layer”.
- the magnetization direction of the pinned layer 30 is the same as the stacking direction of the TMR element 1, and the magnetization parallel state shown in FIG.
- the magnetization direction is the same in the antiparallel magnetization state shown in FIG.
- the pinned layer 30 can be made of (001) -oriented CoFeB (cobalt iron boron) crystal.
- the composition ratio of CoFeB can be in the range of 0.2 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.4 and 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6 in Co x Fe y B (1 ⁇ x + y) .
- the pinned layer 30 can also be made of a CoFeB-based material having properties similar to CoFeB, that is, a material in which P (phosphorus) or C (carbon) is added to CoFeB.
- the thickness of the pinned layer 30 is preferably 0.6 nm or more and 1.5 nm or less.
- the pinned layer 30 can be made of a material containing at least one of Co, Ni, and Fe in addition to the CoFeB-based material. Examples of such a material include CoFe and FeNi.
- the barrier layer 40 is a layer that forms a “tunnel barrier” between the pinned layer 30 and the free layer 50.
- the “barrier layer” is also called “nonmagnetic layer” or “insulating layer”.
- the barrier layer 40 preferably has a large difference with respect to the difference in magnetization direction between the pinned layer 30 and the free layer 50 (shown in FIG. 2), that is, a large MR ratio (magnetoresistance).
- the barrier layer 40 can be made of (001) -oriented MgO (magnesium oxide) crystals.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 40 can be set to 0.8 nm, for example.
- the free layer 50 is a layer whose magnetization direction is not fixed (reversible).
- the “free layer” is also called “free layer” or “ferromagnetic layer”.
- the magnetization direction of the free layer 50 is the same as the stacking direction of the TMR element 1, and the magnetization parallel state shown in FIG. The magnetization direction is opposite in the magnetization antiparallel state shown in FIG.
- the free layer 50 can be made of (001) -oriented CoFeB crystals.
- the composition ratio of CoFeB can be in the range of 0.2 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.4 and 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6 in Co x Fe y B (1 ⁇ x + y) .
- the pinned layer 30 can be made of a CoFeB-based material having properties similar to CoFeB other than CoFeB.
- the thickness of the free layer 50 is preferably 0.6 nm or more and 1.5 nm or less.
- the free layer 50 and the pinned layer 30 can be formed from a CoFeB-based material having the same composition.
- the free layer 50 can be made of a material containing at least one of Co, Ni, and Fe in addition to the CoFeB-based material.
- a material containing at least one of Co, Ni, and Fe in addition to the CoFeB-based material examples include CoFe and FeNi.
- a CoFeB-MgO TMR element formed of CoFeB and MgO is usually of an in-plane magnetization type. However, there is a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy component near the interface between CoFeB and MgO.
- a perpendicular magnetization type CoFeB-MgO TMR element is formed by optimizing the film thicknesses of the pinned layer 30 and the free layer 50 made of CoFeB.
- the capping layer 60 is a layer for stabilizing the electrical connection between the free layer 50 and the wiring and for promoting uniform crystallization of the adjacent free layer 50.
- the capping layer 60 includes a Ta layer 61 and a Ru layer 62 that are sequentially stacked from the free layer 50 side.
- the Ta layer 61 contributes to good crystallization of CoFeB constituting the free layer 50.
- the thickness of each layer can be, for example, 5 nm for the Ta layer 61 and 10 nm for the Ru layer 62.
- the configuration of the capping layer 60 is not limited to that shown here.
- the TMR element 1 is configured as described above.
- a wiring is connected to the buffer layer 20 and the capping layer 60 in the TMR element 1. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a positive electrode (V + ) is connected to the Ta layer 23 of the buffer layer 2, and a negative electrode (V ⁇ ) is connected to the Ru layer 62 of the capping layer 60.
- the operation of the TMR element 1 will be briefly described.
- the magnetization direction of the pinned layer 30 does not change, whereas the magnetization direction of the free layer 50 is reversed according to the magnetic field. That is, the magnetization parallel state shown in FIG. 2A and the magnetization antiparallel state shown in FIG. 2B can be arbitrarily switched.
- the tunnel barrier of the barrier layer 40 becomes small, and the pinned layer 30 and the free layer 50 A large tunnel current flows between them. That is, the electrical resistance of the TMR element 1 is reduced.
- the magnetization direction of the pinned layer 30 and the magnetization direction of the free layer 50 do not coincide with each other as shown in FIG. The tunnel current becomes smaller. That is, the electrical resistance of the TMR element 1 is increased.
- the TMR element 1 can be used as a memory (MRAM: Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory).
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view schematically showing the manufacturing apparatus 100 for the TMR element 1.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 is an apparatus for manufacturing the TMR element 1 by forming each layer on the loaded substrate 10 and is used in a method for manufacturing the TMR element 1 described later.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 is an example of a manufacturing apparatus for the TMR element 1, and may have a different configuration.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 is configured as a multi-chamber.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a transfer chamber 101, an introduction chamber 102, a heating chamber 103, a purification chamber 104, a first PVD (physical vapor deposition) chamber 105, a second PVD chamber 106, a third PVD chamber 107, a fourth PVD chamber 108, and an oxidation chamber 109.
- a transfer chamber 101 an introduction chamber 102
- a heating chamber 103 a purification chamber 104
- a first PVD (physical vapor deposition) chamber 105 a first PVD (physical vapor deposition) chamber 105
- a second PVD chamber 106 a third PVD chamber 107
- a fourth PVD chamber 108 a fourth PVD chamber 108
- an oxidation chamber 109 oxidation chamber
- the introduction chamber 102 is a chamber for introducing the substrate 10 into the transfer chamber.
- the introduction chamber 102 is provided with an introduction device (not shown) for carrying the substrate 10 into the introduction chamber.
- the transfer chamber 101 accommodates a transfer device (not shown), and the transfer device transfers the substrate 10 introduced from the introduction chamber 102 to each chamber.
- the heating chamber 103 is a chamber that heats the introduced substrate 10 and performs a degassing process.
- the purification chamber 104 has an LT-ICP (Long-Throw-Inductively-Coupled Plasma) source, and is a chamber that performs a cleaning process on the substrate 10 before film formation.
- LT-ICP Long-Throw-Inductively-Coupled Plasma
- the first PVD chamber 105, the second PVD chamber 106, the third PVD chamber 107, and the fourth PVD chamber 108 are chambers for depositing various materials on the substrate 10.
- Each PVD chamber can accommodate a DC (Direct Current) sputtering apparatus.
- a film forming apparatus such as RF sputtering (Radio-Frequency) can be used.
- RF sputtering Radio-Frequency
- a DC sputtering apparatus is preferable because the structure of the sputtering cathode is simple.
- a metal oxide such as MgO
- it is necessary to use RF sputtering it is necessary to use RF sputtering, but since this embodiment does not deposit a metal oxide, it is possible to use DC sputtering. It is.
- the sputtering apparatus provided in each PVD chamber can be a ternary sputtering apparatus in which three sputtering targets are provided.
- the first PVD chamber 105 is provided with a Ta target. The other two targets are not used for manufacturing the TMR element 1.
- the second PVD chamber 106 is provided with a CoFeB target and a Ru target.
- the third PVD chamber 107 is not used for manufacturing the TMR element 1.
- the fourth PVD chamber 108 is provided with an Mg target and a Ta target. As described above, a film having a uniform film thickness can be formed by using a ternary sputtering apparatus, but the sputtering apparatus is not necessarily a ternary system.
- the oxidation chamber 109 is a chamber for oxidizing the formed metal Mg to MgO, as will be described in detail later.
- the oxidation chamber 109 can oxidize the metal Mg by any of various oxidation processes such as plasma oxidation, radical oxidation, or natural oxidation.
- the oxidation chamber 109 can contain an ISM (Inductively-Super-Magnetron) plasma source or an LT-ICP source.
- the oxidation chamber 109 can contain an oxygen radical source in the case of radical oxidation.
- an oxygen gas source and a substrate heating source for creating a high-pressure (high pressure against vacuum and several Pa to several hundred Pa) oxygen atmosphere can be accommodated.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 for the TMR element 1 is configured as described above.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing the TMR element 1.
- the introduction device carries the substrate 10 into the transfer chamber 101 through the introduction chamber 102.
- the transfer apparatus carries the substrate 10 into the heating chamber 103, and the substrate 10 is heated and degassed in the heating chamber 103.
- the transfer device carries the substrate 10 into the purification chamber 104, and the substrate 10 is cleaned with plasma in the purification chamber 104.
- the transfer device carries the substrate 10 into the first PVD chamber 105.
- a Ta layer 21 is formed on the substrate 10 using a Ta target by DC sputtering in the first PVD chamber.
- the film forming conditions can be Ar gas pressure 0.02 to 0.1 Pa, DC power 50 to 400 W, and room temperature.
- the film forming conditions are the same in the following layers. Under these conditions, the deposition rate is about 0.3 to 1.2 nm / sec.
- the Ta layer 21 is formed by DC sputtering.
- the Ta layer 21 may be formed by different sputtering such as RF sputtering, and the same applies to the following layers.
- the Ta layer 21 is formed so as to have a thickness of 5 nm.
- a structure in which each layer is formed on the substrate 10 is referred to as a “laminate”.
- the transfer device carries the laminated body into the second PVD chamber 106.
- a Ru layer 22 is formed on the Ta layer 21 by using a Ru target by DC sputtering in the second PVD chamber.
- the Ru layer 22 is formed so as to have a thickness of 10 nm.
- the transfer device carries the laminate again into the first PVD chamber 105.
- a Ta layer 23 is formed on the Ru layer 22 using a Ta target by DC sputtering in the first PVD chamber.
- the Ta layer 23 is formed so as to have a thickness of 5 nm.
- the buffer layer 20 composed of the Ta layer 21, Ru22, and Ta layer 23 is laminated.
- the transfer device carries the laminated body into the second PVD chamber 106.
- a first CoFeB film made of CoFeB is formed on the Ta layer 23 using a CoFeB target by DC sputtering in the second PVD chamber 106.
- a CoFeB-based material other than CoFeB is formed, a CoFeB-X target is further added (X is a material added to CoFeB).
- the first CoFeB film is in an amorphous state and becomes the pinned layer 30 in the steps described later.
- the composition ratio of the first CoFeB film can be adjusted by the target composition.
- the first CoFeB film is formed to have a thickness of 0.6 nm to 1.5 nm.
- the transfer device carries the laminated body into the fourth PVD chamber 108.
- An Mg film is formed on the first CoFeB film by DC sputtering in the fourth PVD chamber 108 using an Mg target.
- This Mg film is in an amorphous state and becomes a barrier layer 40 in the steps described later.
- the Mg film is formed so as to have a thickness of 0.8 nm. If the thickness of the Mg film is larger than 0.8 nm, the Mg film cannot be sufficiently oxidized in the next Mg film oxidation step. Therefore, the Mg film is formed again after the next Mg film oxidation step, and the Mg film is again formed. A step of oxidizing the is necessary.
- the transfer device carries the laminate into the oxidation chamber 109.
- the Mg film is oxidized into a MgO film by any one of plasma oxidation, radical oxidation, and natural oxidation.
- the laminate can be oxidized by placing it in an oxygen atmosphere at an oxygen pressure of 1 to 1000 Pa for 600 to 1000 seconds at room temperature. Since this MgO film is obtained by oxidizing an amorphous Mg film, it is amorphous.
- the transfer device carries the laminated body into the second PVD chamber 106.
- a second CoFeB film made of CoFeB is formed on the MgO film by DC sputtering in the second PVD chamber 106 using a CoFeB target.
- a CoFeB-X target is further added.
- This second CoFeB film is in an amorphous state and becomes the free layer 50 in the steps described later.
- the composition ratio of the second CoFeB film can be adjusted by the target composition.
- the second CoFeB film is formed so as to have a thickness of 0.5 nm to 1.5 nm.
- the transfer device carries the laminated body into the fourth PVD chamber 108.
- a Ta layer 61 is formed on the second CoFeB film using a Ta target by DC sputtering.
- the Ta layer 61 is formed so as to have a thickness of 5 nm.
- the transfer device carries the substrate into the second PVD chamber 106.
- a Ru layer 62 is formed on the Ta layer 61 using a Ru target by DC sputtering.
- the Ru layer 62 is formed so as to have a thickness of 10 nm.
- the capping layer 60 composed of the Ta layer 61 and the Ru 62 is laminated.
- the transport device carries the stacked body into the heating chamber 103.
- Heat treatment is performed on the stacked body in the heating chamber 103.
- the heating temperature can be up to 400 ° C., and the heating time can be in minutes.
- the MgO film in an amorphous state is crystallized to become a crystal having (001) orientation. That is, the MgO film becomes the barrier layer 40.
- the first CoFeB film and the second CoFeB film in an amorphous state are crystallized to become crystals having a (001) orientation.
- the first CoFeB film and the second CoFeB film become perpendicular magnetic films by this crystallization. That is, the first CoFeB film becomes the pinned layer 30 and the second CoFeB film becomes the free layer 50.
- the TMR element 1 is manufactured as described above.
- MgO which is a metal oxide
- metal Mg is formed, and the metal Mg is converted to MgO by oxidation treatment.
- the MgO film, the first CoFeB film, and the second CoFeB film are crystallized, and the perpendicular magnetization type TMR element 1 can be manufactured.
- the TMR element 1 manufactured by the manufacturing method of this embodiment has characteristics equivalent to those of a TMR element manufactured by directly forming an MgO film. Specifically, an MR ratio of 40 to 70% can be obtained in a region where the element resistance value is several tens to 1 k ⁇ m 2 .
- MgO which is a metal oxide
- MgO adheres to and peels from the inner wall of the film formation chamber, and dust that adversely affects the device is generated. It is possible to prevent a large amount from occurring.
- MgO which is an insulator
- the Mg film (St104) and the oxidation (St105), which are the basis of the barrier layer 40, are performed only once, but this is when the barrier layer 40 is thin (0.8 nm or less). It is. If the barrier layer 40 is made thicker, the oxidation may not proceed sufficiently if the Mg film is made thicker. Therefore, in such a case, it is possible to form the barrier layer 40 by repeatedly performing the formation (St104) and oxidation (St105) of the Mg film until a desired film thickness is obtained.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the structure of the TMR element manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the TMR element 1 according to the first embodiment, and the manufacturing apparatus used in the manufacturing method is also the first embodiment.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 is the same.
- the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the timing of oxidizing metal Mg to MgO.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing the TMR element 1 according to the second embodiment.
- Degassing and cleaning (St201), buffer layer stacking (St202), first CoFeB film deposition (St203), and Mg film deposition (St204) are the same as those shown in the first embodiment.
- Mg film oxidation (St205)
- the transfer device carries the laminate into the oxidation chamber 109.
- the Mg film is oxidized into an MgO film by any one of plasma oxidation, radical oxidation, and natural oxidation. Since this MgO film is obtained by oxidizing an amorphous Mg film, it is amorphous.
- the transport device carries the stacked body into the heating chamber 103.
- Heat treatment is performed on the stacked body in the heating chamber 103.
- the heating temperature can be up to 400 ° C., and the heating time can be in minutes.
- the MgO film in an amorphous state is crystallized to become a crystal having (001) orientation. That is, the MgO film becomes the barrier layer 40.
- the first CoFeB film in an amorphous state is also crystallized to be a crystal having a (001) orientation.
- the first CoFeB film becomes a perpendicular magnetic film by this crystallization. That is, the first CoFeB film becomes the pinned layer 30.
- the Mg film oxidation step (St205) and the heat treatment step (St206) can be performed simultaneously. That is, by heating the stacked body in oxygen plasma, oxygen radical or oxygen gas atmosphere (hereinafter collectively referred to as oxygen atmosphere), the Mg film is oxidized and at the same time, the crystallization of the MgO film and the first CoFeB film proceeds. Note that the Mg film oxidation step (St205) and the heat treatment (St206) can be performed as separate steps if heating is performed in a state other than an oxygen atmosphere.
- oxygen atmosphere oxygen radical or oxygen gas atmosphere
- the transfer device carries the laminated body into the second PVD chamber 106.
- a second CoFeB film made of CoFeB is formed on the barrier layer 40 using a CoFeB target by DC sputtering.
- a CoFeB-X target is further added.
- This second CoFeB film is in an amorphous state and becomes the free layer 50 in the steps described later.
- the composition ratio of the second CoFeB film can be adjusted by the target composition.
- the second CoFeB film is formed so as to have a thickness of 0.5 nm to 1.5 nm.
- Capping layer lamination (St208) The capping layer stacking step (St208) can be the same as the step (St107) according to the first embodiment.
- the transport device carries the stacked body into the heating chamber 103.
- Heat treatment is performed on the stacked body in the heating chamber 103.
- the maximum heating temperature can be 400 ° C., and the heating time can be in minutes.
- the second CoFeB film in an amorphous state is crystallized to become a crystal having (001) orientation.
- the second CoFeB film becomes a perpendicular magnetic film by this crystallization. That is, the second CoFeB film becomes the free layer 50.
- the TMR element 1 is manufactured as described above.
- MgO which is a metal oxide
- MgO which is a metal oxide
- metal Mg is formed, and the metal Mg is converted to MgO by oxidation treatment. is there. Therefore, it is possible to prevent problems due to the film formation of MgO, which is a metal oxide.
- MgO film was damaged by the above problem during the film formation, the CoFeB film under the MgO film that was similarly changed from the amorphous state to the crystallized state due to the plasma damage remains in the amorphous state. Therefore, the MgO film grown on the CoFeB film can be grown in a desired crystal orientation.
- the heat treatment of the first CoFeB film and the MgO film and the heat treatment of the second CoFeB film are separate processes. For this reason, the heat treatment conditions for the first CoFeB film and the second CoFeB film can be made different, and the degree of freedom of the manufacturing process can be improved. This is effective, for example, when the thicknesses of the first CoFeB film and the second CoFeB film are greatly different.
- the present invention is not limited only to this embodiment, and can be modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the manufacturing methods of the first and second embodiments described above are intended to manufacture a TMR element configured by laminating a buffer layer, a pin layer, a barrier layer, a free layer, and a capping layer, the present invention is not limited thereto. .
- the present invention is applied to any magnetoresistive element having at least a magnetic layer (pinned layer or free layer) made of a material containing at least one of Co, Ni and Fe and a barrier layer made of MgO adjacent to the magnetic layer. Is possible.
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Abstract
Description
上記第1の層上にMgからなる第2の層を積層する。
上記第1の層と上記第2の層とを含む積層体に酸化処理を施して、上記第2の層のMgを酸化してMgOとする。
上記積層体に加熱処理を施して、上記第2の層を結晶化すると共に上記第1の層を垂直磁化させる。
上記第1の層上にMgからなる第2の層を積層する。
上記第1の層と上記第2の層とを含む積層体に酸化処理を施して、上記第2の層のMgを酸化してMgOとする。
上記積層体に加熱処理を施して、上記第2の層を結晶化すると共に上記第1の層を垂直磁化させる。
本発明の第1の実施形態について説明する。
本実施形態に係るトンネル磁気抵抗素子の製造方法によって製造するトンネル磁気抵抗素子の構造について説明する。図1は、トンネル磁気抵抗素子(以下、TMR素子)の積層構造を示す模式図である。なお、本実施形態に係るTMR素子は、磁化方向が積層方向と同方向である「垂直磁化型」TMR素子であるものとする。また、図2は、TMR素子1の磁化方向を示す概念図であり、矢印が磁化方向を示す。図2(a)は「磁化並行状態」を示し、図2(b)は「磁化反並行状態」を示す。
上記のような構成を有するTMR素子1の製造装置について説明する。
図3は、TMR素子1の製造装置100を概略的に示す模式図である。製造装置100は、搬入された基板10に対して各層の成膜を施しTMR素子1を製造するための装置であり、後述するTMR素子1の製造方法において使用されるものである。なお、製造装置100はTMR素子1の製造装置の一例であり、異なる構成とすることも可能である。
製造装置100を用いたTMR素子1の製造方法について説明する。
図4は、TMR素子1の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。
基板10を導入装置にセットすると、導入装置が基板10を導入室102を介して搬送室101に搬入する。搬送装置は基板10を加熱室103に搬入し、基板10は加熱室103において加熱され、脱ガスされる。次に搬送装置は基板10を浄化室104に搬入し、基板10は浄化室104においてプラズマにより洗浄される。
次に搬送装置は基板10を第1PVD室105に搬入する。第1PVD室においてDCスパッタによりTaターゲットを用いて、基板10上にTa層21を成膜する。成膜条件はArガス圧力0.02~0.1Pa、DC電力50~400W、室温とすることができる。この成膜条件は下記の各層において同様である。この条件では成膜速度は0.3~1.2nm/sec程度となる。なお、ここではDCスパッタによりTa層21を成膜するものとするが、RFスパッタ等の異なるスパッタにより成膜してもよく、以下の各層の成膜においても同様である。例えば、Ta層21は厚さが5nmとなるように成膜する。以下、基板10に各層が成膜されたものを「積層体」とする
次に、搬送装置は積層体を第2PVD室106に搬入する。第2PVD室106においてDCスパッタによりCoFeBターゲットを用いて、CoFeBからなる第1CoFeB膜をTa層23上に成膜する。また、CoFeB以外のCoFeB系材料を成膜する場合には、CoFeB-Xターゲットをさらに追加する(XはCoFeBに追加される材料)。この第1CoFeB膜はアモルファス(非晶質)状態であり、後述のステップにおいてピン層30となるものである。第1CoFeB膜の組成比は、ターゲット組成により調節することが可能であり、例えば、CoxFeyB(1-x+y)において0.2≦x≦0.4、0.4≦y≦0.6の範囲となるようにすることができる。また、例えば、第1CoFeB膜は厚さが0.6nm以上1.5nm以下となるように成膜する。
次に、搬送装置は積層体を第4PVD室108に搬入する。第4PVD室108においてDCスパッタによりMgターゲットを用いて、Mg膜を第1CoFeB膜上に成膜する。このMg膜はアモルファス状態であり、後述のステップにおいてバリア層40となるものである。例えばMg膜は厚さが0.8nmとなるように成膜する。なお、Mg膜の厚さが0.8nmより大きいと、次のMg膜酸化工程において十分に酸化させることができないため、次のMg膜酸化工程の後再びMg膜を成膜し、再度Mg膜を酸化させる工程が必要である。
次に、搬送装置は積層体を酸化室109に搬入する。酸化室109において、プラズマ酸化、ラジカル酸化又は自然酸化のいずれかの方法により、Mg膜を酸化させてMgO膜とする。具体的には、自然酸化の場合、室温において積層体を酸素圧力1~1000Paの酸素雰囲気中に600~1000sec間配置することによって酸化させることができる。このMgO膜はアモルファス状のMg膜を酸化したものであるので、アモルファス状である。
次に、搬送装置は積層体を第2PVD室106に搬入する。第2PVD室106においてDCスパッタによりCoFeBターゲットを用いて、CoFeBからなる第2CoFeB膜をMgO膜上に成膜する。CoFeB以外のCoFeB系材料を成膜する場合には、CoFeB-Xターゲットをさらに追加する。この第2CoFeB膜はアモルファス状態であり、後述のステップにおいてフリー層50となるものである。第2CoFeB膜の組成比は、ターゲット組成により調節することが可能であり、例えば、CoxFeyB(1-x+y)において0.2≦x≦0.4、0.4≦y≦0.6の範囲となるようにすることができる。また、例えば、第2CoFeB膜は厚さが0.5nm以上1.5nm以下となるように成膜する。
次に、搬送装置は積層体を第4PVD室108に搬入する。第4PVD室108においてDCスパッタによりTaターゲットを用いて第2CoFeB膜上にTa層61を成膜する。例えば、Ta層61は厚さが5nmとなるように成膜する。
次に、搬送装置は積層体を加熱室103に搬入する。加熱室103において積層体に熱処理を施す。このとき加熱温度は最大400℃とすることが可能であり、加熱時間は分単位とすることができる。この熱処理により、アモルファス状態のMgO膜が結晶化し、(001)配向を有する結晶となる。即ち、MgO膜がバリア層40となる。また、アモルファス状態の第1CoFeB膜及び第2CoFeB膜も結晶化し、(001)配向を有する結晶となる。第1CoFeB膜及び第2CoFeB膜は、この結晶化によって垂直磁性膜となる。即ち、第1CoFeB膜はピン層30となり、第2CoFeB膜はフリー層50となる。
本発明の第2の実施形態について説明する。
製造装置100を用いたTMR素子1の製造方法について説明する。
図5は、第2の実施形態に係るTMR素子1の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。
搬送装置は積層体を酸化室109に搬入する。酸化室109において、プラズマ酸化、ラジカル酸化又は自然酸化のいずれかの方法により、Mg膜を酸化してMgO膜とする。このMgO膜はアモルファス状のMg膜を酸化したものであるので、アモルファス状である。
次に、搬送装置は積層体を加熱室103に搬入する。加熱室103において積層体に熱処理を施す。このとき加熱温度は最大400℃とすることが可能であり、加熱時間は分単位とすることができる。この熱処理により、アモルファス状態のMgO膜が結晶化し、(001)配向を有する結晶となる。即ち、MgO膜がバリア層40となる。また、アモルファス状態の第1CoFeB膜も結晶化し、(001)配向を有する結晶となる。第1CoFeB膜は、この結晶化によって垂直磁性膜となる。即ち、第1CoFeB膜はピン層30となる。
次に、搬送装置は積層体を第2PVD室106に搬入する。第2PVD室106においてDCスパッタによりCoFeBターゲットを用いて、CoFeBからなる第2CoFeB膜をバリア層40上に膜する。CoFeB以外のCoFeB系材料を成膜する場合には、CoFeB-Xターゲットをさらに追加する。この第2CoFeB膜はアモルファス状態であり、後述のステップにおいてフリー層50となるものである。第2CoFeB膜の組成比は、ターゲット組成により調節することが可能であり、例えば、CoxFeyB(1-x+y)において0.2≦x≦0.4、0.4≦y≦0.6の範囲となるようにすることができる。また、例えば、第2CoFeB膜は厚さが0.5nm以上1.5nm以下となるように成膜する。
キャッピング層積層工程(St208)は第1の実施形態に係る同工程(St107)と同様にすることができる。
次に、搬送装置は積層体を加熱室103に搬入する。加熱室103において積層体に熱処理を施す。このとき加熱温度は最大400℃が可能であり、加熱時間は分単位とすることができる。この熱処理により、アモルファス状態の第2CoFeB膜が結晶化し、(001)配向を有する結晶となる。第2CoFeB膜はこの結晶化によって垂直磁性膜となる。即ち、第2CoFeB膜はフリー層50となる。
10…基板
20…バッファ層
30…ピン層
40…バリア層
50…フリー層
60…キャッピング層
Claims (5)
- 基体上にCo、Ni及びFeの少なくとも一つを含む材料からなる第1の層を積層し、
前記第1の層上にMgからなる第2の層を積層し、
前記第1の層と前記第2の層とを含む積層体に酸化処理を施して、前記第2の層のMgを酸化してMgOとし、
前記積層体に加熱処理を施して、前記第2の層を結晶化すると共に前記第1の層を垂直磁化させる
磁気抵抗素子の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の磁気抵抗素子の製造方法であって、さらに
前記積層体に酸化処理を施す工程の後で、前記積層体に加熱処理を施す工程の前に、前記第2の層上にCo、Ni及びFeの少なくとも一つを含む材料からなる第3の層を積層し、
前記積層体に加熱処理を施す工程では、さらに、前記第3の層を垂直磁化させる
磁気抵抗素子の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の磁気抵抗素子の製造方法であって、さらに
前記積層体に加熱処理を施す工程の後で、前記第2の層上にCo、Ni及びFeの少なくとも一つを含む材料からなる第3の層を積層し、
前記積層体に加熱処理を施して、前記第3の層を垂直磁化させる
磁気抵抗素子の製造方法。 - 請求項2又は3に記載の磁気抵抗素子の製造方法であって、
前記第1の層及び前記第3の層は、CoFeB系材料からなり、
前記第1の層を積層する工程は、前記第1の層が0.6nm以上1.5nm以下の厚さとなるように積層し、
前記第3の層を積層する工程は、前記第3の層が0.6nm以上1.5nm以下の厚さとなるように積層する
磁気抵抗素子の製造方法。 - 請求項4に記載の磁気抵抗素子の製造方法であって、
前記第1の層を積層する工程では、Taからなる第4の層の直上に前記第1の層を積層し、
請求項4に記載の磁気抵抗素子の製造方法は、さらに、
前記第3の層の直上にTaからなる第5の層を積層する
磁気抵抗素子の製造方法。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2012086183A1 (ja) | 2014-05-22 |
| JP5574350B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
| TWI513072B (zh) | 2015-12-11 |
| KR20130108418A (ko) | 2013-10-02 |
| KR101487635B1 (ko) | 2015-01-29 |
| CN103250263A (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
| TW201230425A (en) | 2012-07-16 |
| US8993351B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
| US20130288398A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
| CN103250263B (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
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