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WO2012083398A1 - Electromagnetic carousel separator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic carousel separator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012083398A1
WO2012083398A1 PCT/BR2011/000482 BR2011000482W WO2012083398A1 WO 2012083398 A1 WO2012083398 A1 WO 2012083398A1 BR 2011000482 W BR2011000482 W BR 2011000482W WO 2012083398 A1 WO2012083398 A1 WO 2012083398A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coils
rotor
separator
rotors
magnetic field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/BR2011/000482
Other languages
French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Carlos Roberto MEILUS
Demerval de. ARAÚJO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inbras-Eriez Equipamentos Magneticos E Vibratoios Ltda
Original Assignee
Inbras-Eriez Equipamentos Magneticos E Vibratoios Ltda
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inbras-Eriez Equipamentos Magneticos E Vibratoios Ltda filed Critical Inbras-Eriez Equipamentos Magneticos E Vibratoios Ltda
Publication of WO2012083398A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012083398A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025High gradient magnetic separators
    • B03C1/029High gradient magnetic separators with circulating matrix or matrix elements
    • B03C1/03High gradient magnetic separators with circulating matrix or matrix elements rotating, e.g. of the carousel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/28Magnetic plugs and dipsticks
    • B03C1/286Magnetic plugs and dipsticks disposed at the inner circumference of a recipient, e.g. magnetic drain bolt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/18Magnetic separation whereby the particles are suspended in a liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a type of equipment identified as a high intensity wet track electro-magnetic carousel separator, applied in the treatment of ores, and which has three round-shaped rotors arranged vertically and, which generates magnetic fields from zero to 15,000 gauss (1,5 test).
  • the present invention relates to a high intensity wet carousel electromagnetic separator having three overlapped rotors mounted vertically on one another and generating zero adjustable magnetic fields up to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) when using 2.5mm spaced arrays.
  • carousel electromagnetic separators which we call here simply as carousel electromagnetic separator or separator, have long been known in the market, and commercially available separators have only one or two rotors and two or four equal coils of the same wattage.
  • this type of equipment is intended to separate the ferrous minerals constituting the magnetizable part of an ore from the non-ferrous minerals constituting the non-magnetizable part of the ore. Magnetization and the consequent separation of ferrous minerals from the ore occurs through the action of a magnetic field generated by the circulation of an electric current in the equipment's coils.
  • a carousel-type electromagnetic separator comprises a rotor (or two rotors in the two-rotor design) disposed between two diametrically opposed magnetic field generating coils, which rotor is associated with a vertical axis passing through the your center.
  • the axis is driven and causes the rotor to rotate.
  • the most common spacing between arrays is 2.5mm, however they are available in other spacings, for example 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 3.2mm, 3.8mm and 5.0mm and other intermediates, which are chosen according to the size of the ore, the spacing should be larger than the largest ore particle to allow all ore to pass through the space between them.
  • the matrices are magnetically induced by the magnetic field generated by the coils and become magnetized.
  • the matrices retain inside, in the space between them, by the action of the magnetic field, the magnetizable ferrous part of the ore.
  • the ore mixed with water in pulp is fed over the peripheral region of the rotor, that is, over the dies, and this feed is made in the area of action of the magnetic field, which is in front of the coils.
  • the ore pulp fed in front of the equipment's coils enters gravity inside the dies and as the rotor rotates it is separated between a magnetizable ferrous part which is retained in the dies which are induced by the magnetic field, and a nonferrous, nonmagnetizable part which is not influenced by the magnetic field and passes between them.
  • the non-magnetizable part descends by gravity, passing between the spaces of the dies, and is collected by the non-magnetic collection chute, positioned under the rotor, below the dies.
  • the discharge of the non-magnetizable part is assisted by the injection of low pressure water jets into the dies.
  • the dies that retain the magnetizable part of the ore leave the magnetic field acting region in front of the coils and then the magnetizable part is discharged by the injection of high pressure water jets. applied to the matrices.
  • High-pressure water jets "break" the magnetic force that holds the ferrous, magnetizable minerals to the arrays, causing them to detach and fall downward and to be collected by the magnetic pickup chute.
  • the magnetizable part of the ore composed of ferrous minerals such as hematite and others, when it corresponds to the desired part of the ore, for example in the application of iron ore concentration, is called concentrate.
  • the non-magnetizable part of the ore which passes through the matrices without being retained and which comprises non-ferrous minerals such as silica (sand), alumina and others, corresponding to the unwanted part of the ore, is called I reject.
  • the desired part of the ore is that composed of non-ferrous minerals, such as when treating phosphate ore, where it is desired to reduce the volume of ferrous minerals contained in phosphate, which improves the quality of this product.
  • the part of non-ferrous minerals composed of phosphate mineral, which is not magnetizable and therefore does not retain the magnetic charge generated by the separator coils, passes through the matrices without being retained by them, being discharged into the non-magnetic collection channel is called concentrate.
  • the other part composed of ferrous minerals that are influenced by the magnetic field, is retained in the matrices and is discharged by high-pressure water jets on the magnetic collecting chute, is called tailings.
  • the magnetic field level is quite low. Because of this, it is in these regions where ferrous minerals retained to the matrices are discharged, and the discharge assisted by the injection of high pressure water jets, directed from top to bottom on the matrices. Water jets are necessary, since even with the low level of the magnetic field acting in this region, the ferrous minerals when they pass in front of the coils, are magnetically induced, acquiring a magnetic charge, which causes them to be retained at steel plates that make up the matrices and therefore do not naturally come loose from them.
  • the separators In addition to the high pressure water jets, the separators have low pressure water jets positioned just after the ore feed points in front of the coils. These low pressure jets are intended to facilitate the flow and discharge of non-ferrous minerals passing through the dies in the direction of travel to the dump located below the rotor under the dies.
  • This document describes a separator with two vertical rotors, each rotor having two coils of the same size and power, making a total of four equal coils.
  • the four coils are electrically connected to each other and the magnetic field generated by them is driven through steel plates called the pole magnetic circuit, to the lower and upper rotor matrix blocks, as can be seen in figure 4 of US document 3,830,367.
  • the separator described in that U.S. patent comprises a set of dies mounted along the rotor perimeter, the dies consisting of small vertically mounted steel plates spaced apart with small spaces.
  • the spaces between the lower rotor die plates are offset, or offset, from the upper rotor plate spaces.
  • State-of-the-art carousel electromagnetic separators for the most part, comprise equipment with one or two vertical rotors and two or four coils of the same power, which generate magnetic fields of up to 10,000 gauss (1 tesla). 10,000 gauss (1 tesla) measured with 2.5mm spaced arrays.
  • This 2.5mm spacing is usually used as a reference when informing the maximum magnetic field as well as the maximum capacity the separator reaches.
  • the maximum magnetic field will be larger the smaller the matrix spacing. Conversely, the maximum magnetic field will be smaller the larger the spacing of the matrices used in the separator.
  • the maximum magnetic field measured at their arrays would be larger, from approximately 10,500 gauss (1,05 tesla) to 11,000 gauss (1,1 tesla).
  • the maximum magnetic field in the arrays would be approximately 8,000 gauss (0.8 tesla) to 9,000 gauss (0.9 tesla) or smaller. .
  • capacity there is also variation in capacity, if instead of separator using matrices with the 2.5mm spacing, used as reference, use use matrices with larger or smaller spacing.
  • a single separator that reaches, for example, a maximum capacity of 150 tonnes per hour when processing a particular ore using 2.5mm dies, would have the dies replaced by dies with smaller spacing, for example, 1.0mm, and if applied in the same ore processing, as there would be less space for ore to pass, its capacity could be reduced for example to 100 or 120 tons per hour.
  • the 2.5mm dies were replaced by larger spaced dies, for example 5.0mm, the processing capacity with the same ore would be increased and could reach more than 200 tons per hour.
  • the demand for separators with higher magnetic fields stems from the greater recovery of the desired ferrous minerals contained in the ore as the magnetic field is larger, on the other hand, there is a loss of ferrous minerals. as the magnetic field is being reduced.
  • prior art separators generally achieve a relatively low maximum feed capacity, ie about 150 to 200 tonnes per hour for iron ore processing when using spaced-off matrices. 2.5mm. Given this relatively low capacity per separator, if state-of-the-art separators were used in current large mining projects, a large number of such equipment would have to be employed to meet ore production.
  • separators were applied even at capacities greater than 150 to 200 tonnes per hour but generating low magnetic fields, for example below 10,000 gauss (1 tesla), there would be loss of part of the mini- ferrous minerals requiring 10,000 (1 tesla) gauss or more to separate, producing significant damage to mining.
  • a state-of-the-art separator of the usual industrial size is a large piece of equipment, which corresponds to approximately 7 meters long, 4 meters wide, 4 meters high. very high mass of around 100 tonnes.
  • the usual state of the art separators achieve a feed capacity of 150 to 200 tons per hour with 2.5mm dies.
  • approximately 40 to 54 state-of-the-art separators would be needed to meet the aforementioned demand, which would pose a major problem in many respects. as these are large and heavy equipment.
  • Additional costs that indirectly involve an installation with a large number of tabs should also be considered when compared to an installation with a smaller number of tabs, both having the same production capacity. These additional costs include higher labor costs for equipment operation, as there is a need for a larger number of operators, additional equipment assembly costs and higher project costs, as well as greater difficulty in enable projects involving a greater number of machines and equipment.
  • This invention aims to create a carbon-type electromagnetic separator high-intensity wet track canopy comprising at least three vertical-mounted column-mounted rotors forming a compact assembly that occupies the same side space as a state-of-the-art rotor having rotors with the same dimensions, however, which reach a higher capacity and generate adjustable magnetic fields from zero to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) when using 2.5mm spaced arrays.
  • the wetted high intensity carousel electromagnetic separator object of this invention comprises at least three vertically overlapping rotors, the rotors being connected to a vertical central axis which is driven by a electric motor and consequently causes all rotors to rotate at the same time.
  • Each rotor has arrays mounted along the entire edge of its peripheral region.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the separator of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a view of the separator supporting structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial top view of the separator of the present invention illustrating the magnetic circuit, ore feed box, coils, water sprays and matrix blocks.
  • FIG. 4 Details of the separator rotor of the present invention showing the water sprays, die blocks and pulp ore feed box.
  • the wetted high intensity carousel electromagnetic separator (1) of the present invention consists of a support structure (2) which supports all the components of the separator (1).
  • the support structure (2) is composed of two lateral vertical columns (3), a lower horizontal base (4) and an upper horizontal base (5), so that the two columns Lateral verticals (3) are positioned between the two lateral ends of the lower horizontal base (4) and the upper horizontal base (5).
  • the upper horizontal base (5) may be embodied as welded steel beams, positioned parallel to the lower horizontal base (4), which is also embodied as welded steel beams.
  • the present invention admits some variations to the support structure 2, the embodiment mentioned herein and illustrated in fig. preferential authorization.
  • the upper horizontal base (5) supports on its upper face the drive system (6), the drive system (6) consisting of an electric motor (7), a speed reducer (8) and a shaft vertical center (9), supported on bearings with bearings.
  • the vertical central axis (9) is connected to the three rotors (12, 13, 14) so that it is possible to rotate the three rotors at the same time from the motor rotation (7).
  • the vertical central axis (9) passes through the center of the three rotors (12, 13, 14).
  • a pulp distributor (11) is mounted to feed the ore with water in the separator (1). Also on top of the upper horizontal base (5) is a coil cooling oil reservoir tank (10), as well as water pipe parts to feed the water injection sprays into the dies, the coil cooling oil pump , the oil circulation pipe for the coils, among other components.
  • the separator (1) of the present invention comprises an assembly composed of three overlapping vertical rotors (12, 13, 14) supported by a vertical central axis (9) as mentioned above.
  • the rotor assembly comprises a lower rotor (12), an intermediate rotor (13) and an upper rotor (14), ie the rotor assembly is comprised of three rotors, with the rotor assembly
  • the rotor assembly of the present invention is comprised of rotors of the same type used in prior art separators.
  • the present invention utilizes intermediate coils (16) which simultaneously serve the intermediate rotor (13) and interact magnetically with the coils.
  • intermediate coils (16) which simultaneously serve the intermediate rotor (13) and interact magnetically with the coils.
  • the rotor assembly (12, 13, 14) of the present invention may be comprised of up to four overlapping vertical rotors.
  • the separator (1) has six coils, two lower coils (15) mounted at opposite ends of the lower rotor (12), two intermediate coils (16) mounted at opposite ends of the intermediate rotor (13) and two upper coils (17) mounted at opposite ends of the upper rotor.
  • the coils Since in order to obtain the high intensity magnetic field of the separator (1), the coils must be magnetically interconnected with each other, so that the magnetic field generated by them is added, the two intermediate coils (16) share their magnetic field. with the two lower coils (15), as well as the two intermediate coils (16), they share their magnetic field with the two upper coils (17).
  • separator of the present invention is provided with three rotors and six coils in their preferred embodiment, such numbers may vary. Thus, depending on the number of rotors employed in the separator (1) of the present invention, three or four, in the alternative configuration, the number of coils may also vary, being respectively six or eight.
  • the magnetic field generated by the coils (15, 16, 17) of the carousel type electromagnetic separator (1) of the present invention is also conducted to the matrix blocks by a set of steel plates magnetic circuit, so that the coils are mounted relative to the magnetic circuit, as illustrated in Figure 4 of US 3,830,367.
  • the magnetic circuit has a different design with respect to the magnetic circuit of prior art separators, especially since the separator (1) of the present invention has in addition to the lower (15) and upper (17) coils. ) also have intermediate coils (16) so that the magnetic circuit (23) in this case must conduct the magnetic field of both the lower and upper coils (15, 17) and the intermediate coils (16).
  • the magnetic circuit (23) in the case of the separator of the present invention is formed by a set of steel plates and steel poles, which conduct the magnetic field of the six coils (15, 16, 17) to the ore separation area. , in the matrices (20).
  • the magnetic circuit (23) is made of low carbon, high magnetic permeability carbon steel plates with the plates mounted in a compact system with a minimum number of parts to reduce joint areas. and with the plates being perfectly adjusted, in order to avoid losses in the magnetic field conduction to the matrices (20).
  • the dies (20) are mounted along the edge of the peripheral region of the rotors (12, 13, 14). See details of the matrices in fig.4.
  • the separator (1) has six coils (15, 16, 17), two of which are diametrically opposed to the upper rotor (14), two also diametrically opposed to the intermediate rotor (13) and also others two diametrically positioned in the lower rotor (12).
  • the six coils are interconnected, operating together, and summing the magnetic fields generated by them, as mentioned above.
  • the coils (15, 16, 17) in the preferred embodiment are constructed of copper, material with a high level of electrical conductivity, allowing the equipment to reach a magnetic field level of up to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) with spaced arrays.
  • a magnetic field level of up to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) with spaced arrays.
  • Coils made of aluminum can generate only 60% to 80% of this magnetic field level and have a shorter service life because they operate at a higher temperature, since aluminum has a higher electrical resistance than of copper.
  • the separator (1) of the present invention in addition to being constructed with copper coils, in an alternative embodiment, may be constructed with aluminum coils.
  • the separator (1) is provided with an electric-electronic control panel that controls the intensity of the electric current applied to the coils (15, 16, 17), allowing the separator magnetic field level (1) to be adjusted from 0 (zero) up to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) when separator (1) is using matrices with 2.5mm gap between the matrix plates.
  • each of the intermediate coils (16) interacting with the two upper coils (17) and the two lower coils (15), has approximately 50% (fifty percent) more amps than each of the upper or lower coils (15, 17), enabling the intermediate coils (16) to generate higher magnetic power and higher magnetic flux than the upper and lower coils. (15:17).
  • the larger number of amp turns of the intermediate coils (16) of the separator (1) allows the two intermediate coils (16) to act together with the two upper coils (17), as well as, with the two lower coils (15), which have a lower number of coil amps, without loss of magnetic field in the dies, allowing the same level of magnetic field to be obtained in the dies (20) of the three rotors (12). , 13, 14).
  • the separator (1) of the present invention also has a centralized cooling system (18) of the coils (15, 16, 17), consisting of an oil and water plate heat exchanger, oil circulation pump, oil piping, heat exchanger cooling water piping, and flow watch security system, allowing coils (15, 16, and 17) to operate within the nominal design temperature standard, ensuring longer life at the same time, higher magnetic efficiency of the equipment.
  • a centralized cooling system (18) of the coils (15, 16, 17) consisting of an oil and water plate heat exchanger, oil circulation pump, oil piping, heat exchanger cooling water piping, and flow watch security system, allowing coils (15, 16, and 17) to operate within the nominal design temperature standard, ensuring longer life at the same time, higher magnetic efficiency of the equipment.
  • the separator cooling system (1) is an extremely important element as it enables the coils (15, 16, 17) to operate at low temperatures while providing high magnetic output even in continuous operation as well as, long service life as coils do not operate overheated.
  • the coil cooling system may be comprised of fans or any other cooling system which enables the coil temperature to be reduced.
  • the coils may be constructed of aluminum.
  • the coils may be constructed of aluminum or copper, generating lower maximum magnetic fields of less than 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla).
  • the separator (1) of the present invention differs from the prior art separators with respect to the number of ore feed points.
  • the separator (1) of the present invention has at least two ore feed points more than the number of feed points of prior art separators, which usually have up to four feed points.
  • the ore in water from the pulp distributor (11) is simultaneously fed via piping into six feed boxes (19). two of them arranged on the upper rotor (14), two on the intermediate rotor (13) and two on the lower rotor (12). From this, the ore flows by gravity to the peripheral region of the three rotors (12, 13, 14), where the dies (20) and inside the dies (20) meet, being fed in front of the coils. (15, 16 and 17), in the region where the magnetic field operates.
  • the dies (20) leave the operating region of the magnetic field in front of the coils (15, 16, 17).
  • the matrices are already free of nonferrous minerals, which have already been discharged from them, but they still contain the ferrous minerals, which are magnetizable and are influenced by the magnetic field.
  • said coils receive a high pressure water jet (22), which has the function of "breaking" the force.
  • ferrous minerals usually called concentrated
  • each rotor (12, 13, 14) is serviced by two coils and the ore supply is made in front of each coil, each rotor has two feed points.
  • the separator (1) of the present invention has at least six feed points, while the larger state of the art separators have four feed points, the separator (1) of the present invention processes 50% (fifty percent) over capacity.
  • the separator (1) of the present invention has the same side dimensions as a prior art separator of the same diameter as the rotors, since the rotors are vertically overlapped and only increased. the height of the equipment, but keeping the same space on all sides.
  • the four-rotor separator may process 100% (one hundred percent) more than the capacity of a two-rotor prior art separator.
  • the three-rotor separator (1) of the present invention has a processing capacity of about 50% (fifty percent) greater than a prior art two-rotor separator (considering the same diameter of the rotors), can be used in a given industrial installation, fifty percent less of the number of equipment. If the four-rotor alternative was used, half the number of prior art separators could be used.
  • the present invention fully achieves its intended purpose, thereby filling the gap in the state of the art.

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  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic carousel separator (1) comprising: a set of superposed rotors including at least a bottom rotor (12), an intermediate rotor (13) and a top rotor (13), said rotors being mounted the ones on top of the others, in a superposed manner, on a central vertical shaft (9).

Description

SEPARADOR ELETRO- MAGNÉTICO TIPO CARROSSEL Campo da Invenção  ELECTRO-MAGNETIC SEPARATOR TYPE CARROSSEL Field of Invention

A presente invenção refere-se a um tipo de equipamento identificado como se- parador eletromagnético tipo carrossel de alta intensidade, via úmida, aplicado no tratamento de minérios e que possui três rotores de formato redondo, dispostos um sobre o outro, na vertical e, que gera campos magnéticos de zero até 15.000 gauss (1 ,5 tes- la).  The present invention relates to a type of equipment identified as a high intensity wet track electro-magnetic carousel separator, applied in the treatment of ores, and which has three round-shaped rotors arranged vertically and, which generates magnetic fields from zero to 15,000 gauss (1,5 test).

Mais precisamente, a presente invenção se refere a um separador eletromag- nético tipo carrossel, de alta intensidade, via úmida, que possui três rotores montados de forma sobreposta, um sobre o outro, na vertical e, que gera campos magnéticos ajustáveis, de zero até 15.000 gauss (1 ,5 tesla), quando utiliza matrizes espaçadas entre si, de 2,5mm.  More precisely, the present invention relates to a high intensity wet carousel electromagnetic separator having three overlapped rotors mounted vertically on one another and generating zero adjustable magnetic fields up to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) when using 2.5mm spaced arrays.

Fundamentos da Invenção  Background of the Invention

Os separadores eletromagnéticos tipo carrossel de alta intensidade, via úmida, que aqui denominamos simplesmente como separador ou separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel, são equipamentos conhecidos no mercado há muito tempo, sendo que os separadores disponíveis no mercado possuem somente um ou dois rotores e duas ou quatro bobinas iguais, de mesma potência.  High intensity wet carousel electromagnetic separators, which we call here simply as carousel electromagnetic separator or separator, have long been known in the market, and commercially available separators have only one or two rotors and two or four equal coils of the same wattage.

Como o próprio nome identifica, este tipo de equipamento tem como finalidade separar os minerais ferrosos que se constituem na parte magnetizável de um minério, dos minerais não-ferrosos, que se constituem na parte não-magnetizável do minério. A magnetização e a consequente separação dos minerais ferrosos do minério ocorre por meio da atuação de um campo magnético gerado pela circulação de uma corrente elé- trica nas bobinas do equipamento.  As its name implies, this type of equipment is intended to separate the ferrous minerals constituting the magnetizable part of an ore from the non-ferrous minerals constituting the non-magnetizable part of the ore. Magnetization and the consequent separation of ferrous minerals from the ore occurs through the action of a magnetic field generated by the circulation of an electric current in the equipment's coils.

Em termos gerais, um separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel, compreende um rotor (ou dois rotores, no projeto com dois rotores) disposto entre duas bobinas geradoras de campo magnético, posicionadas de forma diametralmente opostas, sendo este rotor associado a um eixo vertical que passa pelo seu centro.  Generally speaking, a carousel-type electromagnetic separator comprises a rotor (or two rotors in the two-rotor design) disposed between two diametrically opposed magnetic field generating coils, which rotor is associated with a vertical axis passing through the your center.

Assim, pelo fato do eixo vertical estar conectado a um motor, o eixo é acionado e faz o rotor girar.  Thus, because the vertical axis is connected to a motor, the axis is driven and causes the rotor to rotate.

Ao longo de toda a borda da região periférica do rotor, são montados diversos conjuntos ou blocos de placas de aço posicionadas lado a lado, paralelamente entre si, na vertical, com pequenos espaços entre elas, sendo essas placas, denominadas ma- trizes.  Along the entire edge of the rotor peripheral region, several sets or blocks of steel plates are mounted side by side, parallel to each other, vertically, with small spaces between them, which are called dies.

O espaço mais comum entre as matrizes é de 2.5mm, entretanto, elas são disponíveis em outros espaçamentos, por exemplo de 1 .0mm, 1 .5mm, 3.2mm, 3.8mm e 5.0mm e ainda outros intermediários, que são escolhidos de acordo com o tamanho do minério, devendo o espaçamento ser maior que a maior partícula do minério, para permitir que todo o minério passe através do espaço entre elas. The most common spacing between arrays is 2.5mm, however they are available in other spacings, for example 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 3.2mm, 3.8mm and 5.0mm and other intermediates, which are chosen according to the size of the ore, the spacing should be larger than the largest ore particle to allow all ore to pass through the space between them.

As matrizes são induzidas magneticamente pelo campo magnético gerado pe- las bobinas e, ficam magnetizadas. Desta forma, quando o equipamento se encontra em operação, com o minério com água sendo alimentado à elas, as matrizes retém em seu interior, no espaço entre elas, pela ação do campo magnético, a parte ferrosa, magnetizável, do minério.  The matrices are magnetically induced by the magnetic field generated by the coils and become magnetized. Thus, when the equipment is in operation, with the ore with water being fed to them, the matrices retain inside, in the space between them, by the action of the magnetic field, the magnetizable ferrous part of the ore.

Conforme o rotor gira, o minério misturado com água, em polpa, é alimentado sobre a região periférica do rotor, isto é, sobre as matrizes, sendo que esta alimentação é feita na área de atuação do campo magnético, que se encontra em frente às bobinas.  As the rotor rotates, the ore mixed with water in pulp is fed over the peripheral region of the rotor, that is, over the dies, and this feed is made in the area of action of the magnetic field, which is in front of the coils.

Assim, a polpa de minério alimentada em frente às bobinas do equipamento, entra por gravidade no interior das matrizes e enquanto o rotor gira, ela é separada entre uma parte ferrosa, magnetizável, que fica retida nas matrizes, que estão induzidas pelo campo magnético, e uma parte não-ferrosa, não-magnetizável, que não sofre a influência do campo magnético e passa entre elas.  Thus, the ore pulp fed in front of the equipment's coils enters gravity inside the dies and as the rotor rotates it is separated between a magnetizable ferrous part which is retained in the dies which are induced by the magnetic field, and a nonferrous, nonmagnetizable part which is not influenced by the magnetic field and passes between them.

Desta forma, quando as matrizes estão em frente às bobinas, a parte não- magnetizável desce por gravidade, passando entre os espaços das matrizes, e sendo coletada pela calha de coleta de não-magnéticos, posicionada sob o rotor, abaixo das matrizes. A descarga da parte não-magnetizável é auxiliada pela injeção de jatos de água com baixa pressão sobre as matrizes.  Thus, when the dies are in front of the coils, the non-magnetizable part descends by gravity, passing between the spaces of the dies, and is collected by the non-magnetic collection chute, positioned under the rotor, below the dies. The discharge of the non-magnetizable part is assisted by the injection of low pressure water jets into the dies.

Com o rotor girando, em operação, as matrizes que retém a parte magnetizável do minério, saem da região de atuação do campo magnético, em frente às bobinas e, em seguida, a parte magnetizável é descarregada pela injeção de jatos de água com alta pressão aplicado sobre as matrizes. Os jatos de água com alta pressão "quebram" a força magnética que prende os minerais ferrosos, magnetizáveis, às matrizes, fazendo que eles se desprendam das mesmas e caiam, se deslocando para baixo, sendo coletados pela calha de coleta de magnéticos.  With the rotor rotating, in operation, the dies that retain the magnetizable part of the ore leave the magnetic field acting region in front of the coils and then the magnetizable part is discharged by the injection of high pressure water jets. applied to the matrices. High-pressure water jets "break" the magnetic force that holds the ferrous, magnetizable minerals to the arrays, causing them to detach and fall downward and to be collected by the magnetic pickup chute.

A parte magnetizável do minério, composta por minerais ferrosos como hemati- ta e outros, quando corresponde à parte desejada do minério, por exemplo, na aplicação de concentração de minério de ferro, é denominada concentrado. Nesse caso, a parte não-magnetizável do minério, que passa pelas matrizes sem ser retida e, que compreende os minerais não-ferrosos, como sílica (areia), alumina e outros, corres- pondente à parte indesejada do minério, é denominada de rejeito.  The magnetizable part of the ore, composed of ferrous minerals such as hematite and others, when it corresponds to the desired part of the ore, for example in the application of iron ore concentration, is called concentrate. In this case, the non-magnetizable part of the ore, which passes through the matrices without being retained and which comprises non-ferrous minerals such as silica (sand), alumina and others, corresponding to the unwanted part of the ore, is called I reject.

Em algumas aplicações, ocorre o inverso. A parte desejada do minério é aquela composta pelos minerais não-ferrosos, como por exemplo quando se trata do trata- mento de minério de fosfato, onde se deseja reduzir o volume de minerais ferrosos contidos no fosfato, o que melhora a qualidade desse produto. In some applications, the reverse occurs. The desired part of the ore is that composed of non-ferrous minerals, such as when treating phosphate ore, where it is desired to reduce the volume of ferrous minerals contained in phosphate, which improves the quality of this product.

Nesse tipo de aplicação, a parte dos minerais não-ferrosos, composta pelo mineral de fosfato, que não é magnetizável e portanto não retém a carga magnética ge- rada pelas bobinas do separador, passa pelas matrizes sem ser retida pelas mesmas, sendo descarregada na calha de coleta dos não-magnéticos, é denominada de concentrado. Já a outra parte, composta pelos minerais ferrosos que sofrem a influencia do campo magnético, fica retida nas matrizes e é descarregada por jatos de água de alta pressão sobre a calha de coleta dos magnéticos, é denominada de rejeito.  In this type of application, the part of non-ferrous minerals, composed of phosphate mineral, which is not magnetizable and therefore does not retain the magnetic charge generated by the separator coils, passes through the matrices without being retained by them, being discharged into the non-magnetic collection channel is called concentrate. The other part, composed of ferrous minerals that are influenced by the magnetic field, is retained in the matrices and is discharged by high-pressure water jets on the magnetic collecting chute, is called tailings.

Nas regiões do rotor que estão mais distantes das bobinas, portanto longe da área de atuação do campo magnético, o nível de campo magnético é bastante baixo. Por conta disso, são nessas regiões onde são descarregados os minerais ferrosos retidos às matrizes, sendo a descarga auxiliada pela injeção de jatos de água de alta pressão, direcionados de cima para baixo sobre as matrizes. Os jatos de água são ne- cessários, uma vez que mesmo com o baixo nível do campo magnético atuante nessa região, os minerais ferrosos quando passam em frente às bobinas, ficam induzidos magneticamente, adquirindo uma carga magnética, que faz com que fiquem retidos às placas de aço que compõe as matrizes e portanto, não se soltam naturalmente das mesmas.  In the rotor regions that are farthest from the coils, thus far from the magnetic field operating area, the magnetic field level is quite low. Because of this, it is in these regions where ferrous minerals retained to the matrices are discharged, and the discharge assisted by the injection of high pressure water jets, directed from top to bottom on the matrices. Water jets are necessary, since even with the low level of the magnetic field acting in this region, the ferrous minerals when they pass in front of the coils, are magnetically induced, acquiring a magnetic charge, which causes them to be retained at steel plates that make up the matrices and therefore do not naturally come loose from them.

Adicionalmente aos jatos água de alta pressão, os separadores possuem jatos de água de baixa pressão posicionados logo após os pontos de alimentação do minério, em frente às bobinas. Esses jatos de baixa pressão têm por objetivo facilitar o fluxo e a descarga dos minerais não-ferrosos, que estiverem passando pelo interior das matrizes, no sentido de deslocamento para a calha de descarga, posicionada abaixo do rotor, sob as matrizes.  In addition to the high pressure water jets, the separators have low pressure water jets positioned just after the ore feed points in front of the coils. These low pressure jets are intended to facilitate the flow and discharge of non-ferrous minerals passing through the dies in the direction of travel to the dump located below the rotor under the dies.

Descrição do Estado da técnica  Description of the prior art

Um exemplo de separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel, tal como o descrito acima, pode ser encontrado no documento US 3,830,367.  An example of a carousel type electromagnetic separator such as that described above can be found in US 3,830,367.

Esse documento, descreve um separador dotado de dois rotores verticais, sendo que cada rotor possui duas bobinas de mesmo porte e potência, perfazendo um total de quatro bobinas iguais. As quatro bobinas são conectadas eletricamente entre si e o campo magnético gerado por elas é conduzido através de placas de aço denominadas de circuito magnético com pólos, até os blocos de matrizes dos rotores inferior e superior, como pode ser visto na figura 4 do documento US 3,830,367.  This document describes a separator with two vertical rotors, each rotor having two coils of the same size and power, making a total of four equal coils. The four coils are electrically connected to each other and the magnetic field generated by them is driven through steel plates called the pole magnetic circuit, to the lower and upper rotor matrix blocks, as can be seen in figure 4 of US document 3,830,367.

Outro exemplo de separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel do estado da técnica pode ser encontrado no documento US 3,869,379, o qual se refere a um separador que possui dois rotores, um superior e um inferior, posicionados um sobre o outro e fixados a um eixo central, vertical, que é rotacionado por um motor. Another example of a prior art carousel electromagnetic separator can be found in US 3,869,379 which relates to a separator having two upper and lower rotors positioned one above the other. and fixed to a central vertical axis which is rotated by a motor.

O separador descrito nessa patente norte-americana compreende um conjunto de matrizes montado ao longo do perímetro do rotor, sendo as matrizes constituídas por pequenas placas de aço montadas na vertical, e distanciadas entre si com peque- nos espaços.  The separator described in that U.S. patent comprises a set of dies mounted along the rotor perimeter, the dies consisting of small vertically mounted steel plates spaced apart with small spaces.

No separador desse documento, os espaços entre as placas das matrizes do rotor inferior são defasados, ou deslocados, em relação aos espaços das placas do rotor superior.  In the separator of this document, the spaces between the lower rotor die plates are offset, or offset, from the upper rotor plate spaces.

Outro exemplo do estado da técnica, pode ser encontrado no documento brasi- leiro PI 0702097-0, que se refere a um separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel, cujas dimensões dos pólos (parte do circuito magnético montado em frente às bobinas), podem ser ajustadas no todo ou em parte, com a montagem ou a desmontagem de complementos dos pólos de tamanho fixo ou variável, com o objetivo de modificar a área de abrangência magnética dos pólos sobre os rotores, permitindo o ajuste das condi- ções magnéticas e físicas ideais ao processo.  Another example of the prior art can be found in Brazilian document PI 0702097-0, which relates to a carousel-type electromagnetic separator whose pole dimensions (part of the magnetic circuit mounted in front of the coils) can be adjusted in in whole or in part, by assembling or disassembling fixed or variable size pole complements in order to modify the magnetic coverage area of the poles on the rotors, allowing the adjustment of the ideal magnetic and physical conditions to the process .

Os separadores eletromagnéticos tipo carrossel do estado da técnica, em sua maioria, compreendem um equipamento com um ou dois rotores verticais e com duas ou quatro bobinas de mesma potência, que geram campos magnéticos de até 10.000 gauss (1 tesla), sendo esse campo magnético de 10.000 gauss (1 tesla) medido com matrizes espaçadas entre si, de 2.5mm.  State-of-the-art carousel electromagnetic separators, for the most part, comprise equipment with one or two vertical rotors and two or four coils of the same power, which generate magnetic fields of up to 10,000 gauss (1 tesla). 10,000 gauss (1 tesla) measured with 2.5mm spaced arrays.

Esse espaçamento de 2.5mm usualmente é utilizado como referência, quando se informa o campo magnético máximo, assim como, a capacidade máxima que o separador atinge.  This 2.5mm spacing is usually used as a reference when informing the maximum magnetic field as well as the maximum capacity the separator reaches.

Entretanto, se o mesmo separador utilizar matrizes com espaçamento menor que 2.5mm, o campo magnético máximo irá ser maior, quanto menor for o espaçamento das matrizes. Inversamente, o campo magnético máximo será tanto menor, quanto maior for o espaçamento das matrizes utilizadas no separador.  However, if the same separator uses matrices with spacing less than 2.5mm, the maximum magnetic field will be larger the smaller the matrix spacing. Conversely, the maximum magnetic field will be smaller the larger the spacing of the matrices used in the separator.

Desta forma, se um mesmo separador que atinge o campo magnético máximo de 10.000 gauss (1 tesla) com matrizes de 2.5mm, tivesse as matrizes substituídas por matrizes com espaçamento menor, por exemplo, de 1 ,0mm, o campo magnético máximo medido em suas matrizes seria maior, de aproximadamente 10.500 gauss (1 ,05 tesla) a 11 .000 gauss (1 ,1 tesla). Por outro lado, se as matrizes de 2.5mm fossem substituídas por matrizes com espaçamento de 5.0mm, o campo magnético máximo nas matrizes seria de aproximadamente 8.000 gauss (0,8 tesla) a 9.000 gauss (0,9 tes- la) ou menor.  Thus, if a single separator that reaches the maximum magnetic field of 10,000 gauss (1 tesla) with 2.5mm matrices, had the matrices replaced by matrices with smaller spacing, for example, 1.0mm, the maximum magnetic field measured at their arrays would be larger, from approximately 10,500 gauss (1,05 tesla) to 11,000 gauss (1,1 tesla). On the other hand, if the 2.5mm arrays were replaced by 5.0mm spaced arrays, the maximum magnetic field in the arrays would be approximately 8,000 gauss (0.8 tesla) to 9,000 gauss (0.9 tesla) or smaller. .

Com relação à capacidade, também há variação da capacidade, se ao invés do separador utilizar matrizes com o espaçamento de 2,5mm, usado como referência, uti- lizar matrizes com espaçamento maior ou menor. With regard to capacity, there is also variation in capacity, if instead of separator using matrices with the 2.5mm spacing, used as reference, use use matrices with larger or smaller spacing.

Desta forma, se um mesmo separador que atinge, por exemplo, a capacidade máxima de 150 toneladas por hora, quando processa um determinado minério, utilizando matrizes de 2.5mm, tivesse as matrizes substituídas por matrizes com espaça- mento menor, por exemplo, de 1 ,0mm, e fosse aplicado no processamento do mesmo minério, como haveria menor espaço para a passagem do minério, sua capacidade poderia ser reduzida por exemplo para 100 ou 120 toneladas por hora. Por outro lado, se as matrizes de 2.5mm fossem substituídas por matrizes com espaçamento maior, por exemplo, de 5.0mm, a capacidade de processamento com o mesmo minério seria au- mentada, podendo atingir mais de 200 toneladas por hora.  Thus, if a single separator that reaches, for example, a maximum capacity of 150 tonnes per hour when processing a particular ore using 2.5mm dies, would have the dies replaced by dies with smaller spacing, for example, 1.0mm, and if applied in the same ore processing, as there would be less space for ore to pass, its capacity could be reduced for example to 100 or 120 tons per hour. On the other hand, if the 2.5mm dies were replaced by larger spaced dies, for example 5.0mm, the processing capacity with the same ore would be increased and could reach more than 200 tons per hour.

Entretanto como explicado nos parágrafos anteriores, se forem utilizadas matrizes com espaçamento maior que a referência 2.5mm, o campo magnético será menor e haverá perda de parte do minério devido ao campo magnético mais baixo, com a consequente perda da eficiência do separador e a geração de prejuízos.  However, as explained in the previous paragraphs, if matrices with spacing greater than 2.5mm are used, the magnetic field will be smaller and there will be loss of part of the ore due to the lower magnetic field, with consequent loss of separator efficiency and generation. of losses.

Os separadores do estado da técnica, projetados já há alguns anos, apresentam uma série de desvantagens, como é descrito a seguir.  State-of-the-art separators, designed several years ago, have a number of disadvantages as described below.

Atualmente, há uma excessiva demanda por minérios, especialmente por minério de ferro, de modo que os produtores de minérios têm tido a necessidade de separadores com alta capacidade, para processar grandes volumes de minério e que, ao mesmo tempo, possam gerar campos magnéticos iguais ou superiores a 10.000 gauss (1 tesla) medidos com matrizes com espaçamento de 2.5mm entre placas.  There is currently an excessive demand for ore, especially iron ore, so that ore producers have had the need for high capacity separators to process large volumes of ore and at the same time generate equal magnetic fields. or greater than 10,000 gauss (1 tesla) measured with matrices with 2.5mm spacing between plates.

Com relação ao campo magnético, a procura por separadores com campos magnéticos mais elevados, decorre da maior recuperação dos minerais ferrosos desejados, que estiverem contidos no minério, à medida que o campo magnético for maior, por outro lado, há uma perda de minerais ferrosos, à medida que o campo magnético for sendo reduzido.  With regard to the magnetic field, the demand for separators with higher magnetic fields stems from the greater recovery of the desired ferrous minerals contained in the ore as the magnetic field is larger, on the other hand, there is a loss of ferrous minerals. as the magnetic field is being reduced.

Quanto a capacidade, os separadores do estado da técnica atingem, em regra geral, uma capacidade máxima de alimentação relativamente baixa, isto é, algo em torno de 150 a 200 toneladas por hora para o processamento de minério de ferro, quando utilizam matrizes com espaçamento de 2.5mm. Tendo em vista essa capacidade relativamente baixa por separador, caso fossem utilizados separadores do estado da técnica nos projetos atuais das grandes minerações haveria a necessidade de se empregar um número bastante grande desses equipamentos, para que a produção de minério fosse atendida.  As for capacity, prior art separators generally achieve a relatively low maximum feed capacity, ie about 150 to 200 tonnes per hour for iron ore processing when using spaced-off matrices. 2.5mm. Given this relatively low capacity per separator, if state-of-the-art separators were used in current large mining projects, a large number of such equipment would have to be employed to meet ore production.

Por outro lado, caso fossem aplicados separadores mesmo com capacidades superiores a 150 a 200 toneladas por hora, porém que gerassem campos magnéticos baixos, por exemplo abaixo de 10.000 gauss (1 tesla), haveria perda da parte dos mi- nerais ferrosos que requeressem 10.000 (1 tesla) gauss ou mais para serem separados, produzindo prejuízos significativos para a mineração. On the other hand, if separators were applied even at capacities greater than 150 to 200 tonnes per hour but generating low magnetic fields, for example below 10,000 gauss (1 tesla), there would be loss of part of the mini- ferrous minerals requiring 10,000 (1 tesla) gauss or more to separate, producing significant damage to mining.

O emprego de um grande número de separadores do estado da técnica não é vantajoso, pelas razões que são abordadas a seguir.  The use of a large number of prior art separators is not advantageous for the following reasons.

Em primeiro lugar, um separador do estado da técnica, de porte industrial usual, é um equipamento de grandes dimensões, o que corresponde a aproximadamente 7 metros de comprimento, por 4 metros de largura, por 4 metros de altura, sendo também um equipamento de massa bastante elevada, da ordem de 100 toneladas. Apesar das grandes dimensões e peso, os separadores do estado da técnica usuais, como já mencionado, atingem uma capacidade na alimentação da ordem de 150 a 200 toneladas por hora, com matrizes de 2.5mm. Entretanto, tendo em vista que atualmente há projetos de minerações para alimentar 8.000 toneladas de minério por hora, seriam necessários aproximadamente entre 40 a 54 separadores do estado da técnica, para atender a demanda mencionada, o que traria um grande problema em diversos aspec- tos, já que trata-se de equipamentos de grande porte e peso.  First of all, a state-of-the-art separator of the usual industrial size is a large piece of equipment, which corresponds to approximately 7 meters long, 4 meters wide, 4 meters high. very high mass of around 100 tonnes. Despite their large size and weight, the usual state of the art separators, as already mentioned, achieve a feed capacity of 150 to 200 tons per hour with 2.5mm dies. However, given that mining projects are currently in place to feed 8,000 tonnes of ore per hour, approximately 40 to 54 state-of-the-art separators would be needed to meet the aforementioned demand, which would pose a major problem in many respects. as these are large and heavy equipment.

Em segundo lugar, em função da já mencionada capacidade relativamente baixa e da também já dita necessidade de se utilizar um grande número de separadores do estado da técnica para atender a uma produção de minério elevada, seria necessário contar com um enorme prédio para abrigar todas as instalações industriais, que de- veria ser de grande porte, para abrigar um grande número de equipamentos.  Secondly, because of the aforementioned relatively low capacity and the already stated need for a large number of state of the art separators to cater for high ore production, it would be necessary to have a huge building to house all industrial facilities, which should be large, to house a large number of equipment.

Desta forma, a implantação de uma instalação com grande capacidade de produção de minério, empregando separadores do estado da técnica teria um custo bastante elevado se tornando nada vantajosa.  Thus, the installation of a large ore production facility employing state-of-the-art separators would be very costly and would be of no advantage.

Em terceiro lugar, um grande número de separadores em uma instalação in- dustrial, exige, da mesma forma, um número elevado de componentes e equipamentos periféricos para alimentar o minério e coletar o concentrado e os rejeitos obtidos em todos os separadores.  Third, a large number of separators in an industrial facility likewise require a large number of peripheral components and equipment to feed the ore and collect concentrate and tailings from all separators.

Nesse sentido, seria necessário instalar um grande número de bombas de polpa para a alimentação do minério aos separadores, diversos distribuidores de polpa, uma grande extensão de tubulações de condução de minério, diversas caixas de coleta de concentrados e de rejeitos dentre outros componentes e equipamentos periféricos, para atender ao grande número de separadores, o que iria onerar ainda mais a instalação, caso fossem utilizadas separadores do estado da técnica.  In this sense, it would be necessary to install a large number of slurry pumps to feed the ore to the separators, several slurry distributors, a large expanse of ore pipelines, several concentrates and tailings collection boxes among other components and equipment. peripherals to accommodate the large number of tabs, which would further burden the installation if prior art tabs were used.

Devem também ser considerados os custos adicionais que envolvem de forma indireta uma instalação que possui um grande número de separadores, quando comparado com uma instalação com um menor número de separadores, tendo ambas a mesma capacidade de produção. Esses custos adicionais compreendem maior custo de mão-de-obra para a o- peração dos equipamentos, já que há a necessidade de um maior número de operadores, custo adicional de montagem dos equipamentos e maior custo de projeto, além da maior dificuldade de se viabilizar projetos que envolve um maior número de máquinas e equipamentos. Additional costs that indirectly involve an installation with a large number of tabs should also be considered when compared to an installation with a smaller number of tabs, both having the same production capacity. These additional costs include higher labor costs for equipment operation, as there is a need for a larger number of operators, additional equipment assembly costs and higher project costs, as well as greater difficulty in enable projects involving a greater number of machines and equipment.

Deve-se ainda levar em consideração que não basta ter uma instalação com alta capacidade de produção com um número relativamente pequeno de separadores, se os separadores gerarem baixo nível de campo magnético, de forma a que haja perdas de minério, ou seja, a instalação apresente baixa performance.  It should also be borne in mind that it is not enough to have a high production capacity facility with a relatively small number of separators if the separators generate low magnetic field level so that there is ore losses, ie the installation present poor performance.

Deve-se acrescentar que a utilização de subterfúgios, para o aumento da capacidade de separadores do estado da técnica, como a utilização de matrizes com grande espaço entre placas, por exemplo de 5,0mm, portanto bem maior que o espaço de referência 2.5mm, iria reduzir sensivelmente o campo magnético, como explicado anteriormente.  It should be added that the use of subterfuges to increase the capacity of state of the art separators, such as the use of matrices with large plate spacing, for example 5.0mm, thus much larger than the reference space 2.5mm , would significantly reduce the magnetic field as explained above.

Nesse caso, quanto mais baixo for o nível de campo magnético gerado pelos separadores, menor será a eficiência de separação dos minerais ferrosos contidos no minério, com a consequente perda dos mesmos, o que provocaria prejuízos e poderia inclusive inviabilizar economicamente a instalação.  In this case, the lower the magnetic field level generated by the separators, the lower the separation efficiency of the ferrous minerals contained in the ore, with the consequent loss of them, which would cause losses and could even make the installation economically unfeasible.

Desta forma, mesmo que fossem utilizados separadores com capacidades su- periores a 200 toneladas por hora, ainda haveria a necessidade de se trabalhar com campos magnéticos altos. Assim, a utilização de um separador de alta capacidade, porém que gerasse campos magnéticos baixos, por exemplo, abaixo de 9.000 gauss (0,9 tesla), ocasionaria perda da parte dos minerais ferrosos que necessitassem de um campo magnético superior à esse para serem separados, produzindo prejuízos signifi- cativos, uma vez que para equipamentos que processam acima de 200 toneladas por hora, a perda, mesmo que de um pequeno percentual do minério, por exemplo de 1 % (um por cento), correspondente a 2,0 toneladas por hora, iria corresponder no período de um mês, a uma perda bastante elevada, de 1 .440 toneladas de minério.  Thus, even if separators with capacities greater than 200 tonnes per hour were used, it would still be necessary to work with high magnetic fields. Thus, the use of a high capacity separator, but generating low magnetic fields, for example below 9,000 gauss (0.9 tesla), would result in the loss of part of ferrous minerals requiring a higher magnetic field to be significant losses, since for equipment processing above 200 tonnes per hour, the loss, even of a small percentage of the ore, for example of 1% (one per cent), corresponding to 2.0 tonnes per hour would correspond to a very high loss of 1,440 tonnes of ore within a month.

Portanto, em função das características atuais dos separadores do estado da técnica e tendo em vista a demanda crescente do mercado de mineração, urge a necessidade de uma solução técnica que lide e solucione o problema da capacidade relativamente baixa dos separadores atuais, porém que ao mesmo tempo cuide para que seja obtido um nível de campo magnético igual ou superior a 10.000 gauss (1 tesla), com matrizes espaçadas em 2.5mm, para que não ocorram perdas significativas de minério.  Therefore, given the current characteristics of state of the art separators and in view of the growing demand from the mining market, there is a need for a technical solution that addresses and solves the problem of the relatively low capacity of current separators, but at the same time take care that a magnetic field level of 10,000 gauss (1 tesla) or greater is obtained with matrices spaced at 2.5mm so that no significant ore losses occur.

Obietivos da Invenção  Objectives of the Invention

Esta invenção tem o objetivo de criar um separador eletromagnético tipo car- rossel de alta intensidade, via úmida, que compreende pelo menos três rotores montados em coluna, sobrepostos um sobre o outro, na vertical, formando um conjunto compacto, que ocupa o mesmo espaço nas laterais que um separador do estado da técnica que tenha rotores com as mesmas dimensões, porém, que atinge uma capacidade su- perior e que gera campos magnéticos ajustáveis de zero até 15.000 gauss (1 ,5 tesla), quando utiliza matrizes espaçadas em 2,5mm. This invention aims to create a carbon-type electromagnetic separator high-intensity wet track canopy comprising at least three vertical-mounted column-mounted rotors forming a compact assembly that occupies the same side space as a state-of-the-art rotor having rotors with the same dimensions, however, which reach a higher capacity and generate adjustable magnetic fields from zero to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) when using 2.5mm spaced arrays.

Sumário da Invenção  Summary of the Invention

O separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel de alta intensidade, via úmida, ob- jeto desta invenção, compreende pelo menos três rotores sobrepostos uns sobre os outros, na vertical, sendo os rotores conectados a um eixo central, vertical, que é acio- nado por um motor elétrico e que, consequentemente, faz com que todos os rotores girem ao mesmo tempo.  The wetted high intensity carousel electromagnetic separator object of this invention comprises at least three vertically overlapping rotors, the rotors being connected to a vertical central axis which is driven by a electric motor and consequently causes all rotors to rotate at the same time.

Cada um dos rotores possui matrizes montadas ao longo de toda a borda da sua região periférica.  Each rotor has arrays mounted along the entire edge of its peripheral region.

Descrição Resumida dos Desenhos  Brief Description of the Drawings

As figuras que encontram-se no anexo I à este documento, compreendem: The figures in Annex I to this document include:

Figura 1 - uma vista frontal do separador da presente invenção; Figure 1 is a front view of the separator of the present invention;

Figura 2 - uma vista da estrutura de sustentação do separador da presente invenção;  Figure 2 is a view of the separator supporting structure of the present invention;

Figura 3 - uma vista superior parcial do separador da presente invenção, ilustrando o circuito magnético, a caixa de alimentação de minério, as bobinas, os sprays de água e os blocos de matrizes.  Figure 3 is a partial top view of the separator of the present invention illustrating the magnetic circuit, ore feed box, coils, water sprays and matrix blocks.

Figura 4 - detalhes do rotor do separador da presente invenção, mostrando os sprays de água, os blocos de matrizes e a caixa de alimentação de minério em polpa.  Figure 4 - Details of the separator rotor of the present invention showing the water sprays, die blocks and pulp ore feed box.

Descrição Detalhada da Invenção  Detailed Description of the Invention

Como pode ser visto na figura 1 , o separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel de alta intensidade, via úmida (1 ) da presente invenção, é constituído por uma estrutura de sustentação (2), a qual suporta todos os componentes do separador (1 ).  As can be seen from Figure 1, the wetted high intensity carousel electromagnetic separator (1) of the present invention consists of a support structure (2) which supports all the components of the separator (1).

Na concretização preferencial da presente invenção, a estrutura de sustenta- ção (2) é composta por duas colunas verticais laterais (3), uma base horizontal inferior (4) e de uma base horizontal superior (5), de modo que as duas colunas verticais laterais (3) são posicionadas entre as duas extremidades laterais da base horizontal inferior (4) e da base horizontal superior (5). A base horizontal superior (5) pode ser concretizada como vigas de aço soldadas, posicionadas de forma paralela em relação à base horizontal inferior (4), que também é concretizada como vigas de aço soldadas.  In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the support structure (2) is composed of two lateral vertical columns (3), a lower horizontal base (4) and an upper horizontal base (5), so that the two columns Lateral verticals (3) are positioned between the two lateral ends of the lower horizontal base (4) and the upper horizontal base (5). The upper horizontal base (5) may be embodied as welded steel beams, positioned parallel to the lower horizontal base (4), which is also embodied as welded steel beams.

A presente invenção admite algumas variações para a estrutura de sustentação (2), sendo a concretização aqui mencionada e ilustrada na fig.2, apenas a concre- tização preferencial. The present invention admits some variations to the support structure 2, the embodiment mentioned herein and illustrated in fig. preferential authorization.

A base horizontal superior (5) suporta sobre sua face superior, o sistema de a- cionamento (6), sendo o sistema de acionamento (6) composto por um motor elétrico (7), um redutor de velocidade (8) e um eixo central vertical (9), apoiado sobre mancais com rolamentos.  The upper horizontal base (5) supports on its upper face the drive system (6), the drive system (6) consisting of an electric motor (7), a speed reducer (8) and a shaft vertical center (9), supported on bearings with bearings.

O eixo central vertical (9), é conectado aos três rotores (12, 13, 14), de modo que é possível girar os três rotores ao mesmo tempo, a partir da rotação do motor (7). O eixo central vertical (9) passa através do centro dos três rotores (12, 13, 14).  The vertical central axis (9) is connected to the three rotors (12, 13, 14) so that it is possible to rotate the three rotors at the same time from the motor rotation (7). The vertical central axis (9) passes through the center of the three rotors (12, 13, 14).

Maiores detalhes a respeito dos rotores (12, 13, 14) são apresentados mais a- diante.  Further details about the rotors (12, 13, 14) are given below.

Sobre a base horizontal superior (5) da estrutura de sustentação (2) é montado um distribuidor de polpa (11 ), para alimentação do minério com água, em polpa, no separador (1 ). Também sobre a base horizontal superior (5) é montado um tanque reservatório do óleo de resfriamento das bobinas (10), além de partes da tubulação de água para alimentar os sprays de injeção de água nas matrizes, a bomba de óleo de resfriamento das bobinas, a tubulação de circulação de óleo para as bobinas, dentre outros componentes.  On the upper horizontal base (5) of the support structure (2) a pulp distributor (11) is mounted to feed the ore with water in the separator (1). Also on top of the upper horizontal base (5) is a coil cooling oil reservoir tank (10), as well as water pipe parts to feed the water injection sprays into the dies, the coil cooling oil pump , the oil circulation pipe for the coils, among other components.

Como pode ser visto na figura 1 , o separador (1 ) da presente invenção compreende um conjunto composto por três rotores verticais sobrepostos (12, 13, 14), su- portados por um eixo central vertical (9), como mencionado anteriormente.  As can be seen from figure 1, the separator (1) of the present invention comprises an assembly composed of three overlapping vertical rotors (12, 13, 14) supported by a vertical central axis (9) as mentioned above.

Na concretização preferencial da presente invenção, o conjunto de rotores compreende um rotor inferior (12), um rotor intermediário (13) e um rotor superior (14), ou seja, o conjunto de rotores é composto por três rotores, sendo que o conjunto de rotores da presente invenção é constituído por rotores do mesmo tipo utilizado em se- paradores do estado da técnica.  In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotor assembly comprises a lower rotor (12), an intermediate rotor (13) and an upper rotor (14), ie the rotor assembly is comprised of three rotors, with the rotor assembly The rotor assembly of the present invention is comprised of rotors of the same type used in prior art separators.

Entretanto, para que seja possível aumentar o número de rotores, mantendo o equilíbrio magnético do separador (1 ), a presente invenção utiliza bobinas intermediárias (16), que atendem ao mesmo tempo, o rotor intermediário (13) e interagem magneticamente com as bobinas superiores (17) do rotor superior (14) e com as bobinas infe- riores (15) do rotor inferior (12).  However, in order to increase the number of rotors while maintaining the magnetic balance of the separator (1), the present invention utilizes intermediate coils (16) which simultaneously serve the intermediate rotor (13) and interact magnetically with the coils. upper rotor (17) upper rotor (14) and lower rotor coils (15) lower rotor (12).

Em uma concretização alternativa, o conjunto de rotores (12, 13, 14) da presente invenção, pode ser composto por até quatro rotores verticais sobrepostos.  In an alternative embodiment, the rotor assembly (12, 13, 14) of the present invention may be comprised of up to four overlapping vertical rotors.

De acordo com a figura 1 , pode-se observar que os três rotores da concretização preferencial da presente invenção, são montados de forma sobreposta, uns sobre os outros, formando um separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel, compacto e com capacidade de processamento mais elevada que a de um separador do estado da técnica, com somente um ou dois rotores. Para atingir tal compactação, na concretização preferencial da presente invenção, o separador (1 ) possui seis bobinas, sendo duas bobinas inferiores (15) montadas em extremidades opostas do rotor inferior (12), duas bobinas intermediárias (16) montadas em extremidades opostas do rotor intermediário (13) e duas bobinas superiores (17), montadas em extremidades opostas do rotor su- perior. In accordance with Figure 1, it can be seen that the three rotors of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are superposedly mounted on top of one another, forming a compact, carousel-type electromagnetic separator with a higher processing capacity than the other. a prior art separator with only one or two rotors. To achieve such compaction, in the embodiment Preferred of the present invention, the separator (1) has six coils, two lower coils (15) mounted at opposite ends of the lower rotor (12), two intermediate coils (16) mounted at opposite ends of the intermediate rotor (13) and two upper coils (17) mounted at opposite ends of the upper rotor.

Tendo em vista que para se obter o campo magnético de alta intensidade do separador (1 ), as bobinas devem ser interconectadas magneticamente entre si, para que o campo magnético gerado por elas seja somado, as duas bobinas intermediárias (16) compartilham seu campo magnético com as duas bobinas inferiores (15), assim como, as duas bobinas intermediárias (16), compartilham seu campo magnético com as duas bobinas superiores (17).  Since in order to obtain the high intensity magnetic field of the separator (1), the coils must be magnetically interconnected with each other, so that the magnetic field generated by them is added, the two intermediate coils (16) share their magnetic field. with the two lower coils (15), as well as the two intermediate coils (16), they share their magnetic field with the two upper coils (17).

O conjunto composto pelas seis bobinas do separador (1 ), constituído pelas duas bobinas intermediárias (16) pelas duas bobinas superiores (17) e pelas duas bobinas inferiores (15), é o responsável pela geração do campo magnético que é induzido sobre os blocos de matrizes dos três rotores (12, 13, 14).  The set consisting of the six separator coils (1), consisting of the two intermediate coils (16), the two upper coils (17) and the two lower coils (15), is responsible for generating the magnetic field that is induced on the blocks. of matrices of the three rotors (12, 13, 14).

Embora o separador da presente invenção seja provido com três rotores e seis bobinas em sua concretização preferencial, esses números podem variar. Assim, dependendo do número de rotores empregados no separador (1 ) da presente invenção, três ou quatro, na configuração alternativa, o número de bobinas também poderá i- gualmente variar, sendo respectivamente de seis ou oito.  Although the separator of the present invention is provided with three rotors and six coils in their preferred embodiment, such numbers may vary. Thus, depending on the number of rotors employed in the separator (1) of the present invention, three or four, in the alternative configuration, the number of coils may also vary, being respectively six or eight.

Assim como nos separadores do estado da técnica, o campo magnético gerado pelas bobinas (15, 16, 17) do separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel (1 ) da presente invenção, também é conduzido até os blocos de matrizes, por um conjunto de placas de aço denominado circuito magnético, de maneira que as bobinas são montadas com relação ao circuito magnético, tal como ilustra a figura 4 do documento US 3,830,367.  As with prior art separators, the magnetic field generated by the coils (15, 16, 17) of the carousel type electromagnetic separator (1) of the present invention is also conducted to the matrix blocks by a set of steel plates magnetic circuit, so that the coils are mounted relative to the magnetic circuit, as illustrated in Figure 4 of US 3,830,367.

Porém, no caso da presente invenção, o circuito magnético possui um projeto diferenciado em relação ao circuito magnético dos separadores do estado da técnica, especialmente em virtude do separador (1 ) da presente invenção possuir além das bobinas inferiores (15) e superiores (17), também possuir bobinas intermediárias (16), de forma que o circuito magnético (23) neste caso, deve conduzir o campo magnético tanto das bobinas inferiores e superiores (15, 17), quanto das bobinas intermediárias (16).  However, in the case of the present invention, the magnetic circuit has a different design with respect to the magnetic circuit of prior art separators, especially since the separator (1) of the present invention has in addition to the lower (15) and upper (17) coils. ) also have intermediate coils (16) so that the magnetic circuit (23) in this case must conduct the magnetic field of both the lower and upper coils (15, 17) and the intermediate coils (16).

O circuito magnético (23) no caso do separador da presente invenção, é formado por um conjunto de placas de aço e pólos de aço, que conduzem o campo magnético das seis bobinas (15, 16, 17) até a área da separação do minério, nas matrizes (20). O circuito magnético (23) é confeccionado com placas de aço carbono, com baixo teor de carbono e com alta permeabilidade magnética, com as placas montadas em um sistema compacto com um número mínimo de partes, para se reduzir áreas de junções e com as placas sendo perfeitamente ajustadas, com o objetivo de se evitar perdas na condução do campo magnético até as matrizes (20). The magnetic circuit (23) in the case of the separator of the present invention is formed by a set of steel plates and steel poles, which conduct the magnetic field of the six coils (15, 16, 17) to the ore separation area. , in the matrices (20). The magnetic circuit (23) is made of low carbon, high magnetic permeability carbon steel plates with the plates mounted in a compact system with a minimum number of parts to reduce joint areas. and with the plates being perfectly adjusted, in order to avoid losses in the magnetic field conduction to the matrices (20).

Como mencionado anteriormente, as matrizes (20) são montadas ao longo da borda da região periférica dos rotores (12, 13, 14). Veja detalhes das matrizes, na fig.4.  As previously mentioned, the dies (20) are mounted along the edge of the peripheral region of the rotors (12, 13, 14). See details of the matrices in fig.4.

Na concretização da fig. 1 , o separador (1 ) possui seis bobinas (15, 16, 17), sendo duas delas posicionadas de forma diametralmente opostas no rotor superior (14), duas também posicionadas de forma diametralmente opostas no rotor intermediário (13) e igualmente, outras duas posicionadas de forma diametralmente opostas, no rotor inferior (12). As seis bobinas são interconectadas entre si, operando em conjunto, e somando os campos magnéticos gerados por elas, como mencionado anteriormente.  In the embodiment of fig. 1, the separator (1) has six coils (15, 16, 17), two of which are diametrically opposed to the upper rotor (14), two also diametrically opposed to the intermediate rotor (13) and also others two diametrically positioned in the lower rotor (12). The six coils are interconnected, operating together, and summing the magnetic fields generated by them, as mentioned above.

As bobinas (15, 16, 17) na concretização preferencial são construídas em cobre, material com alto nível de condutividade elétrica, permitindo que o equipamento atinja um nível de campo magnético de até 15.000 gauss (1 ,5 tesla) com matrizes com espaço entre placas de 2.5mm, sendo que quando forem substituídas no mesmo equi- pamento, o conjunto de matrizes de 2.5mm por outro conjunto de matrizes com espaços entre placas menor que 2.5mm, por exemplo, de 1 ,0mm, o campo magnético automaticamente ficará maior, podendo atingir até aproximadamente 16.000 gauss, sendo que para se atingir esse nível de campo magnético, obrigatoriamente devem ser utilizadas bobinas em cobre.  The coils (15, 16, 17) in the preferred embodiment are constructed of copper, material with a high level of electrical conductivity, allowing the equipment to reach a magnetic field level of up to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) with spaced arrays. 2.5mm plates, and when they are replaced in the same equipment, the 2.5mm matrix set with another matrix set with plate spaces less than 2.5mm, eg 1.0mm, the magnetic field will automatically be can reach up to approximately 16,000 gauss, and to achieve this level of magnetic field, must be used copper coils.

Bobinas construídas em alumínio, material usualmente empregado nos separadores do estado da técnica podem gerar somente 60% a 80% desse nível de campo magnético e apresentam menor vida útil, por operarem em temperatura mais elevada, tendo em vista o alumínio ter resistência elétrica superior à do cobre.  Coils made of aluminum, material commonly used in state-of-the-art separators, can generate only 60% to 80% of this magnetic field level and have a shorter service life because they operate at a higher temperature, since aluminum has a higher electrical resistance than of copper.

O separador (1 ) da presente invenção, além de ser construído com bobinas em cobre, em uma concretização alternativa, pode ser construído com bobinas em alumínio.  The separator (1) of the present invention, in addition to being constructed with copper coils, in an alternative embodiment, may be constructed with aluminum coils.

O separador (1 ) é fornecido com um painel de controle elétrico-eletrônico que controla a intensidade da corrente elétrica aplicada nas bobinas (15, 16, 17), permitindo que o nível de campo magnético do separador (1 ) possa ser ajustado desde 0 (zero) até 15.000 gauss (1 ,5 tesla), quando o separador (1 ) estiver utilizando matrizes com espaço de 2.5mm entre as placas de matrizes.  The separator (1) is provided with an electric-electronic control panel that controls the intensity of the electric current applied to the coils (15, 16, 17), allowing the separator magnetic field level (1) to be adjusted from 0 (zero) up to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) when separator (1) is using matrices with 2.5mm gap between the matrix plates.

Para se obter um equilíbrio de campo magnético entre as seis bobinas (15, 16, 17) do separador (1 ), de modo que o campo magnético atinja o alto nível de intensidade magnética de até 15.000 gauss (1 ,5 tesla), com matrizes com placas de abertura de 2.5mm e ao mesmo tempo que as matrizes de todos os rotores recebam o mesmo nível de campo magnético, cada uma das bobinas intermediárias (16) que interage com as duas bobinas superiores (17) e as duas bobinas inferiores (15), possui aproximada- mente 50% (cinquenta por cento) de amperes-espira a mais que cada uma das bobinas superiores ou inferiores (15, 17), propiciando que as bobinas intermediárias (16) gerem maior potência magnética e maior fluxo magnético que as bobinas superiores e inferiores (15, 17). To obtain a magnetic field balance between the six coils (15, 16, 17) of the separator (1), so that the magnetic field reaches the high level of magnetic intensity of up to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla), with arrays with 2.5mm aperture plates and at the same time as the arrays of all rotors receive the same level of magnetic field, each of the intermediate coils (16) interacting with the two upper coils (17) and the two lower coils (15), has approximately 50% (fifty percent) more amps than each of the upper or lower coils (15, 17), enabling the intermediate coils (16) to generate higher magnetic power and higher magnetic flux than the upper and lower coils. (15:17).

Na concretização da fig.1 , o maior número de amperes-espira das bobinas intermediárias (16) do separador (1 ) permite que as duas bobinas intermediárias (16) possam atuar em conjunto com as duas bobinas superiores (17), assim como, com as duas bobinas inferiores (15), que possuem menor número de amperes-espira, sem o- correr perda de campo magnético nas matrizes, possibilitando ainda que seja obtido o mesmo nível de campo magnético nas matrizes (20) dos três rotores (12, 13, 14).  In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the larger number of amp turns of the intermediate coils (16) of the separator (1) allows the two intermediate coils (16) to act together with the two upper coils (17), as well as, with the two lower coils (15), which have a lower number of coil amps, without loss of magnetic field in the dies, allowing the same level of magnetic field to be obtained in the dies (20) of the three rotors (12). , 13, 14).

O separador (1 ) da presente invenção possui, ainda, um sistema centralizado de refrigeração (18) das bobinas (15, 16, 17), constituído por um trocador de calor de placas do tipo óleo e água, bomba de circulação do óleo, tubulação de óleo, tubulação de água de resfriamento do trocador de calor, e sistema de segurança do tipo vigia de fluxo, permitindo que as bobinas (15, 16 e 17) operem dentro do padrão nominal de temperatura determinado em projeto, garantindo uma maior vida útil das bobinas e, ao mesmo tempo, maior eficiência magnética do equipamento.  The separator (1) of the present invention also has a centralized cooling system (18) of the coils (15, 16, 17), consisting of an oil and water plate heat exchanger, oil circulation pump, oil piping, heat exchanger cooling water piping, and flow watch security system, allowing coils (15, 16, and 17) to operate within the nominal design temperature standard, ensuring longer life at the same time, higher magnetic efficiency of the equipment.

O sistema de refrigeração do separador (1 ) é um elemento de extrema importância, pois permite que as bobinas (15, 16, 17) operem com baixa temperatura, propi- ciando, simultaneamente, alto rendimento magnético mesmo em operação contínua, bem como, longa vida útil, uma vez que as bobinas não operam sobreaquecidas.  The separator cooling system (1) is an extremely important element as it enables the coils (15, 16, 17) to operate at low temperatures while providing high magnetic output even in continuous operation as well as, long service life as coils do not operate overheated.

Em uma variação da concretização preferencial do separador (1 ), o sistema de refrigeração das bobinas pode ser constituído por ventiladores ou por qualquer outro sistema de refrigeração, que possibilite reduzir a temperatura das bobinas.  In a variation of the preferred embodiment of the separator (1), the coil cooling system may be comprised of fans or any other cooling system which enables the coil temperature to be reduced.

Em outra variação, da concretização preferencial do separador (1 ), as bobinas podem ser construídas em alumínio.  In another variation of the preferred embodiment of separator (1), the coils may be constructed of aluminum.

Ainda, como outra variação da concretização preferencial do separador (1 ), as bobinas podem ser construídas em alumínio ou em cobre, gerando campos magnéticos máximos mais baixos, inferiores a 15.000 gauss (1 ,5 tesla).  Still, as another variation of the preferred embodiment of the separator (1), the coils may be constructed of aluminum or copper, generating lower maximum magnetic fields of less than 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla).

Com relação ao funcionamento, o separador (1 ) da presente invenção, difere dos separadores do estado da técnica, com relação ao número de pontos de alimentação de minério. O separador (1 ) da presente invenção, possui no mínimo dois pontos de alimentação de minério a mais que o número de pontos de alimentação dos separadores do estado da técnica, que usualmente possuem até quatro pontos de alimenta- ção.  With respect to operation, the separator (1) of the present invention differs from the prior art separators with respect to the number of ore feed points. The separator (1) of the present invention has at least two ore feed points more than the number of feed points of prior art separators, which usually have up to four feed points.

Assim, o minério em polpa de água proveniente do distribuidor de polpa (11 ), é alimentado simultaneamente, via tubulação, em seis caixas de alimentação (19) estan- do duas delas dispostas sobre o rotor superior (14), duas sobre o rotor intermediário (13) e outras duas dispostas sobre o rotor inferior (12). A partir disso, o minério flui por gravidade até a região periférica dos três rotores (12, 13, 14), onde se encontram as matrizes (20) e adentra no interior das matrizes (20), sendo a alimentação feita em frente às bobinas (15, 16 e 17), na região de atuação do campo magnético. Thus, the ore in water from the pulp distributor (11) is simultaneously fed via piping into six feed boxes (19). two of them arranged on the upper rotor (14), two on the intermediate rotor (13) and two on the lower rotor (12). From this, the ore flows by gravity to the peripheral region of the three rotors (12, 13, 14), where the dies (20) and inside the dies (20) meet, being fed in front of the coils. (15, 16 and 17), in the region where the magnetic field operates.

Com os rotores (12, 13, 14), operando em rotação, assim que os minerais não- ferrosos, não-magnetizáveis, são alimentados sobre as matrizes, eles passam através dos espaços entre elas, pois não são captados pela ação do campo magnético e descem por gravidade, sendo descarregados sobre cada uma das três calhas de coleta de materiais (24) dispostas sob cada rotor (12, 1 3, 14), na região de coleta de rejeitos. A descarga dos minerais não-ferrosos, que não são magnetizáveis e que usualmente são denominados de rejeitos, é facilitada com a injeção de jatos de água de baixa pressão (21 ), direcionados de cima para baixo, sobre as matrizes.  With the rotors (12, 13, 14) operating in rotation, as the non-ferrous, non-magnetizable minerals are fed into the matrices, they pass through the spaces between them as they are not captured by the action of the magnetic field. and descend by gravity, being discharged over each of the three material collection chutes (24) arranged under each rotor (12, 1 3, 14) in the tailings collection region. The discharge of non-ferrous minerals, which are not magnetizable and which are usually referred to as tailings, is facilitated by the injection of low pressure water jets (21), directed from top to bottom, over the dies.

Com o rotor em rotação, as matrizes (20) saem da região de atuação do cam- po magnético, em frente às bobinas (15, 16, 17). Nesse ponto, as matrizes já estão isentas dos minerais não-ferrosos, que já foram descarregados das mesmas, porém elas ainda contem os minerais ferrosos, que são magnetizáveis e sofrem a influencia do campo magnético. Com o rotor em rotação e quando as matrizes se encontram em um ponto equidistante entre as duas bobinas que atendem cada rotor, as ditas bobinas recebem sobre si um jato de água de alta pressão (22), que tem por função "quebrar" a força do campo magnético remanente que ainda atua sobre as partículas dos minerais ferrosos, mesmo eles já estando fora da região de atuação do campo magnético, propiciando que os minerais ferrosos, usualmente denominados concentrado, sejam descarregados sobre a calha de coleta de materiais (24), em uma região de coleta dos magnéticos, também denominada de região de coleta do concentrado.  With the rotor rotating, the dies (20) leave the operating region of the magnetic field in front of the coils (15, 16, 17). At this point, the matrices are already free of nonferrous minerals, which have already been discharged from them, but they still contain the ferrous minerals, which are magnetizable and are influenced by the magnetic field. With the rotor rotating and when the dies are at an equidistant point between the two coils that serve each rotor, said coils receive a high pressure water jet (22), which has the function of "breaking" the force. of the remaining magnetic field that still acts on the ferrous mineral particles, even though they are already outside the area of action of the magnetic field, allowing the ferrous minerals, usually called concentrated, to be discharged onto the material collection chute (24), in a magnetic collection region, also called a concentrate collection region.

Tendo em vista que cada rotor (12, 13, 14) é atendido por duas bobinas e a a- limentação de minério é feita em frente a cada bobina, cada rotor possui dois pontos de alimentação. Considerando que o separador (1 ) da presente invenção, possui no mínimo seis pontos de alimentação, enquanto que os separadores do estado da técnica, de maior porte possuem quatro pontos de alimentação, o separador (1 ) da presente invenção processa 50 % (cinquenta por cento) a mais de capacidade.  Since each rotor (12, 13, 14) is serviced by two coils and the ore supply is made in front of each coil, each rotor has two feed points. Whereas the separator (1) of the present invention has at least six feed points, while the larger state of the art separators have four feed points, the separator (1) of the present invention processes 50% (fifty percent) over capacity.

Como pode ser observado, o separador (1 ) da presente invenção possui as mesmas dimensões laterais de um separador do estado da técnica com o mesmo diâmetro dos rotores, tendo em vista que os rotores são sobrepostos uns aos outros, na vertical, sendo aumentada somente a altura do equipamento, porém sendo mantido o mesmo espaço em todas as laterais.  As can be seen, the separator (1) of the present invention has the same side dimensions as a prior art separator of the same diameter as the rotors, since the rotors are vertically overlapped and only increased. the height of the equipment, but keeping the same space on all sides.

Na alternativa à concretização preferencial com três rotores mostrada na figura 1 , o separador com quatro rotores poderá processar 100% (cem por cento) a mais da capacidade de um separador do estado da técnica com dois rotores. In the alternative to the preferred three rotor embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the four-rotor separator may process 100% (one hundred percent) more than the capacity of a two-rotor prior art separator.

Tendo em vista que o separador (1 ) com três rotores, da presente invenção, possui uma capacidade de processamento cerca de 50% (cinquenta por cento) maior em relação a um separador com dois rotores do estado da técnica (considerando o mesmo diâmetro dos rotores), pode-se utilizar em uma determinada instalação industrial, cinquenta por cento a menos do número de equipamentos. Caso fosse utilizada a alternativa com quatro rotores, poderia se utilizar a metade do número de separadores do estado da técnica.  In view of the fact that the three-rotor separator (1) of the present invention has a processing capacity of about 50% (fifty percent) greater than a prior art two-rotor separator (considering the same diameter of the rotors), can be used in a given industrial installation, fifty percent less of the number of equipment. If the four-rotor alternative was used, half the number of prior art separators could be used.

O emprego de um número bem menor de equipamentos, a consequente necessidade de se utilizar uma área de instalação menor, além de um menor número de componentes periféricos, tais como bombas de alimentação de minério, distribuidores de polpa, tubulações, caixas de coleta de concentrados e rejeitos dentre outros, são elementos que evidenciam a inovação e a grande vantagem do separador (1 ) da pre- sente invenção, frente aos separadores convencionais do estado da técnica.  The use of a much smaller number of equipment, the consequent need to use a smaller installation area, as well as a smaller number of peripheral components such as ore feed pumps, pulp dispensers, piping, concentrate collection boxes and rejects, among others, are evidence of the innovation and great advantage of the separator (1) of the present invention over conventional separators of the state of the art.

Portanto, a presente invenção atinge plenamente os objetivos a que se propõe, preenchendo, desse modo, a lacuna existente no estado da técnica.  Therefore, the present invention fully achieves its intended purpose, thereby filling the gap in the state of the art.

Tendo sido descrito um exemplo de concretização preferido, deve ser entendido que o escopo da presente invenção abrange outras possíveis variações, sendo limi- tado tão somente pelo teor das reivindicações apensas, aí incluídos os possíveis equivalentes.  Having described a preferred embodiment example, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention encompasses other possible variations and is limited only by the content of the appended claims, including the possible equivalents thereof.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES 1 . Separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel (1 ), CARACTERIZADO pelo fato de compreender:  1 . Carousel-type electromagnetic separator (1), characterized by the fact that it comprises: um conjunto de rotores composto por pelo menos três rotores sobre- postos, sendo um rotor inferior (12), um rotor intermediário (13) e um rotor superior (14), sendo os ditos rotores montados de forma sobreposta, uns sobre os outros, na vertical e, sustentados por um eixo central vertical (9);  a rotor assembly comprising at least three overlapping rotors, one lower rotor (12), one intermediate rotor (13) and one upper rotor (14), said rotors being superimposed on each other, vertically and supported by a vertical central axis (9); cada um dos rotores (12, 13, 14) possui matrizes (20) montadas nas suas regiões periféricas, ao longo das suas bordas.  each of the rotors (12, 13, 14) has dies (20) mounted in their peripheral regions along their edges. 2. Separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel (1 ), de acordo com a reivindicação Carousel type electromagnetic separator (1) according to claim 1 , CARACTERIZADO pelo fato de que as matrizes (20) são magnetizadas pelo campo magnético gerado por seis bobinas (15, 16, 17), duas bobinas superiores (17) sendo dispostas nas extremidades laterais do rotor superior (14), duas bobinas inferiores (15) sendo dispostas nas extremidades laterais do rotor inferior (12) e duas bobinas inter- mediárias (16) sendo dispostas nas extremidades laterais do rotor intermediário (13), as bobinas (15, 16, 17) sendo posicionadas de forma diametralmente opostas aos rotores (12, 13, 14), sendo que as duas bobinas intermediárias (16) do rotor intermediário (13) interagem magneticamente com as duas bobinas inferiores (15) do rotor inferior (12) e do mesmo modo, as duas bobinas intermediárias (16), interagem magneticamen- te com as duas bobinas superiores (17). 1, Characterized by the fact that the dies (20) are magnetized by the magnetic field generated by six coils (15, 16, 17), two upper coils (17) being arranged at the lateral ends of the upper rotor (14), two lower coils. (15) being arranged at the lateral ends of the lower rotor (12) and two intermediate coils (16) being arranged at the lateral ends of the intermediate rotor (13), the coils (15, 16, 17) being diametrically opposed rotors (12, 13, 14), wherein the two intermediate coils (16) of the intermediate rotor (13) interact magnetically with the two lower coils (15) of the lower rotor (12) and likewise the two intermediate coils (16) interact magnetically with the two upper coils (17). 3. Separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel (1 ), de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , CARACTERIZADO pelo fato de que o eixo vertical (9) que sustenta os três rotores é conectado a um motor elétrico (7).  Carousel type electromagnetic separator (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical axis (9) supporting the three rotors is connected to an electric motor (7). 4. Separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel (1 ), de acordo com a reivindicação 2, CARACTERIZADO pelo fato de que cada uma das bobinas intermediárias (16) possui aproximadamente 50% (cinquenta por cento) de amperes-espira a mais em relação a cada uma das bobinas superiores (17) e a cada uma das bobinas inferiores (15).  Carousel-type electromagnetic separator (1) according to Claim 2, characterized in that each of the intermediate coils (16) has approximately 50% (more than 50%) more amperespire relative to each other. the upper coils (17) and each of the lower coils (15). 5. Separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel (1 ) de acordo com a reivindicação 2 ou 4, CARACTERIZADO pelo fato que as bobinas podem gerar um campo magnético de 0 (zero) até 15.000 gauss (1 ,5 tesla), quando o separador (1 ) estiver utilizando matrizes com espaço entre as placas das matrizes de 2.5mm.  Carousel type electromagnetic separator (1) according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the coils can generate a magnetic field from 0 (zero) to 15,000 gauss (1,5 tesla) when the separator (1) using matrices with space between 2.5mm matrix plates. 6. Separador eletromagnético tipo carrossel (1 ) de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 5, CARACTERIZADO pelo fato que compreende uma estrutura de sustentação (2) possuindo duas colunas laterais (3), uma base horizontal inferior (4) e uma base horizontal superior (5), as duas colunas laterais (3) sendo posicionadas entre a base inferior (4) e a base superior (5), e o eixo central vertical (9) sendo posicionado paralelamente às colunas verticais (3).  Carousel type electromagnetic separator (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a support structure (2) having two side columns (3), a lower horizontal base (4) and a base upper horizontal position (5), the two lateral columns (3) being positioned between the lower base (4) and the upper base (5), and the vertical central axis (9) being positioned parallel to the vertical columns (3).
PCT/BR2011/000482 2010-12-21 2011-12-19 Electromagnetic carousel separator Ceased WO2012083398A1 (en)

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US12005485B2 (en) 2022-04-21 2024-06-11 SOLARCYCLE, Inc. Solar module recycling and testing
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