WO2012079555A1 - Gas-pressure-thermal solar updraft power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar updraft power plant (01) and to a method for operating the solar updraft power plant (01). The solar updraft power plant (01) has a tower shaft (02) having a shaft base (05) at the bottom end of the tower shaft and a turbine (03) arranged in the tower shaft (02) for generating electrical energy. During nominal operation, an air mass flow (21) flows through an inlet opening (06) into the shaft base (05), wherein an air flow (22) in the shaft base (05) has an elevated temperature compared to the surrounding air, whereby an upwardly directed air flow (22) develops in the tower shaft (02), which air flow drives the turbine (03). Henceforth, an essential characteristic is that a pressing, in particular cold air mass flow (21) is introduced into the shaft base (05).

Description

 Aufwindkraftwerk with gas-fired thermal

The invention relates to a Aufwindkraftwerk for generating electrical energy according to the preamble of claim 1.

Upstream power plants are known from the prior art, which can be used to generate electrical energy. Energy production is based essentially on the use of solar energy to heat air, which in turn leads to an air flow in a chimney shaft. In the chimney, a turbine is arranged coupled with a generator for generating electrical energy. At the foot of the chimney shaft a solar collector is used surrounding this, in which a large continuous glass roof above the floor is arranged. Below the glass roof, the air is heated due to the sunlight, which changes the density of the air accordingly. In this case, the air flows from outside the solar collector in the radial direction to the chimney shaft and below in this at the foot inside. The difference in density leads to the desired effect, the rise of the air in the chimney shaft to drive the turbine arranged therein.

confirmation copy In the prior art, the air flows freely and uncontrollably from outside the solar collector below the glass roof through this through the chimney shaft. Here, the heating of the air and the height of the chimney shaft in turn determines the rate of rise in the chimney shaft and thus the suction effect in the solar collector and consequently the air velocity in this. Technically and physically, the ascent rate is described by the following formula:

It is particularly disadvantageous in the state of the art here that, although a great warming is to be expected in the theoretic very slow flow, likewise only a slow upward flow can be present in the chimney shaft. In the case of a large heating, however, a rapid air flow is to be expected, which, however, leads to insufficient heating in the solar collector due to the short residence time of the air. This in turn leads to a stabilization at a low level and as a result to a low ascent rate in the chimney shaft and thus to a poor efficiency.

Essential criteria for obtaining electrical energy in a known from the prior art solar chimney power station are on the one hand with a glass roof covered collector surface and the height of the chimney. Currently, it is assumed that a chimney shaft with a height of at least 1, 000 m and a collector area of at least 30 km ^{2 are} required for the economic production of electricity. Therefore, almost exclusively deserted regions with high solar radiation are considered as locations.

It is obvious that the known versions of the updraft power plant have two significant disadvantages. On the one hand, this is the required enormous height of the chimney shaft and thereby On the other hand, the unreasonably high land consumption for the solar collector.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide an economically viable Aufwindkraftwerk available, which has a high efficiency at a low height of the chimney.

The object is achieved by an inventive method according to claim 1 and by an embodiment according to the invention according to claim 9. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The generic Aufwindkraftwerk for generating electrical energy initially has a chimney. Although the term chimney shaft indicates a cylindrical tube, this is the only advantageous embodiment. Changes in the cross section over the course of the chimney flue, such as, for example, tapers, can have a positive influence on the flow conditions, but are at best advantageous but not mandatory. Furthermore, the term chimney shaft reveals that this is essentially perpendicular. It is essential, at least, that an air duct is created by means of the chimney shaft, which realizes a height difference between its foot end and its head end with the lowest possible flow resistance. In this case, the chimney shaft at the head end on an outlet opening for the discharge of existing in the chimney flue air flow into the environment. At the foot of the chimney shaft has a shaft socket, which on the one hand represents the static connection to the ground and on the other hand, at least one required inlet opening to allow the required air flow in the chimney shaft. The design of the shaft base is initially irrelevant. Likewise, this is not up a geometric extension of the chimney shaft limited to the ground. Rather, the shaft base may have a diverse shape, which may have more different types of air ducts and various installations and attachments. Decisive is only the static function as the chimney shaft bearing element and as a functional element, which allows the Realization of the air flow from the inlet opening in the shaft socket and following through the chimney shaft. Likewise, it is initially irrelevant whether only a single inlet opening is present or whether advantageously distributed on the circumference of the shaft base several inlet openings are present.

Furthermore, the generic updraft power plant has a lowermost turbine arranged in the chimney shaft. In this case, it is irrelevant here whether it is only a singular turbine or whether a plurality of turbines are arranged at the same height or alternatively in different planes for this purpose. However, it is essential for the generation of electrical energy that the turbine is coupled to a corresponding generator. In this case, the generator can be arranged both within the chimney and, alternatively, outside of the chimney, wherein it requires a corresponding transmission of the mechanical energy from the turbine to the generator. At first irrelevant here is also whether, when using multiple turbines, these are coupled together or in each case several of them to a generator or each turbine has a connection to an associated generator.

The arrangement of the lowest turbine in the chimney shaft defines a specific shaft volume. This can be determined from the free internal volume of the chimney in limitation to the lowest turbine within which air is at an elevated temperature to the environment. Generically flows in operation, an air flow through the inlet opening in the shaft socket and subsequently in the chimney upwards to finally exit at the outlet opening into the environment. In this case, the upwardly directed air flow prevailing in the shaft volume has an elevated temperature compared to the ambient air, which in the prior art is the basis for forming the air flow and thus for driving the turbine.

Relevant to the further consideration of the embodiment according to the invention is an air mass flow. This is hereinafter understood derj enige air mass flow, which passes in a nominal operation of the updraft power plant, the inlet opening. In the use of the updraft this may have a weaker or stronger air flow in deviation from the nominal operation towards lower or higher power, Contrary to the known method for operating a solar chimney invention, a technically generated oppressive air mass flow is now introduced into the shaft socket, which is subsequently heated , In this case, the shaft volume in the updraft power plant according to the invention is considered as an expansion area. At first, it is irrelevant whether the air mass flow entering the shaft base forms the entire air flow in the shaft volume or only a part thereof. It is essential here that the air mass flow is forcibly introduced into the shaft base as an oppressive air mass flow. The way in which the heating takes place is at first equally irrelevant, and this can be done both directly and indirectly. It is at least relevant that the air mass flow upstream of the inlet opening and thus the entry into the shaft base has a lower temperature than the air flow in the shaft volume. In essence, in this method, a separate generation of the air mass flow is used independently of the thermal heating of the air flow.

Particularly advantageously, a cold air mass flow is introduced into the shaft ekel, which is heated there. As a result, the amount of air introduced can subsequently thermally expand in the chess volume. That in addition to the already existing oppressive air mass flow due to the increase in the temperature of the introduced air flow, an expansion of the amount of air and leads to a multiplication of existing in the chimney flue volume of air, which in turn can only escape upwards and thus brings a berechenb aren, upwardly directed air flow.

The air mass flow can, after being introduced through the inlet openings in the shaft base and the selected type of heating in the open

Well volume relax, which is accompanied by a corresponding change in volume. In addition, and under the influence of the heating of the air mass flow in the shaft base an enormous buoyancy in the chimney shaft is reached, which was previously not feasible with known from the prior art designs of updraft power plants to this extent.

Durch diese Aufteilung der Energiegewinnung aus der Einbringung thermischer Energie und der erzeugten Luftströmung wird eine gezielte Auslegung des Aufwindkraftwerk hinsichtlich aller Komponenten mit neuen Freiheitsgraden zugänglich, was ansonsten im Stand der Technik aufgrund der Zwangskopplung der Luftströmung an die Thermik engen Restrektionen unterlegen war. By means of this method according to the invention, the updraft power station makes it possible to generate energy by means of the turbines from the thermal and kinetic energy of the air mass flow while achieving higher efficiencies. As a result, instead of conventional procedures, this leads to a procedure according to the nature of gas pressure thermotherapy for the first time. The outlet velocity at the outlet opening can be determined by the following formula:

By this division of energy from the introduction of thermal energy and the air flow generated a targeted design of the updraft power plant is accessible with respect to all components with new degrees of freedom, which was otherwise inferior in the prior art due to the forced coupling of the air flow to the thermals tight residual reactions.

Due to the newly created embodiment, improved efficiencies of the updraft power plant are achieved with a reduced size of the chimney, which were previously only possible by enormous heights of the chimney shaft. The inventive use of a heating of the air flow in the shaft socket can be influenced by the appropriate design, the temperature distribution of the flowing air, starting from the ambient air to the outlet at the top of the chimney, especially actively, and is not only the size of the solar collector and the size depending on the chimney.

The use of the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous if the air mass flow is introduced into the chimney shaft at an increased pressure and at an increased flow velocity. In this case, the increased pressure and the increased flow velocity relate to a comparison with a mode of operation of an updraft power plant, in which the air mass flow without external drive is formed purely on account of the thermals in the chimney shaft.

This newly created particularly advantageous method causes air rises not only with increased temperature but reduced density in the chimney - as usual in the art - but with full or higher density enters the chimney and then by heating a high outflow velocity is enforced. An increased volumetric flow leads in obvious way to a stronger air flow within the chimney. Increased pressure in the air mass flow may occur after entering the chimney Increase shaft in this, inversely, a corresponding increase in volume is accompanied. In turn, this leads to a resulting in the chimney shaft upward air flow to drive the turbine in addition to the thermal. To determine a measurable quantity in the application of the advantageous method, the air mass flow in relation to the shaft volume is considered. For this purpose it is helpful to calculate an air volume which should have flowed through the chimney in a prior art updraft power plant. That is, first of all, a conversion of the oppressive air mass flow to a free air flow without depressing properties has to be carried out, or first of all the air mass flow has to be converted to an equivalent volume flow at ambient pressure. As a basis for the conversion, the ambient pressure at the foot of the chimney or at the geographic height of the inlet opening is carried out. To realize the method according to the invention, it is now necessary that the volume flow calculated from the air mass flow reaches at least an amount which corresponds to the value of the shaft volume divided by 20 seconds.

The advantageous embodiment leads very simplified view - neglecting the heating or other air supply - to an air shift within the chimney, in which every 20 seconds, the air present in the area below the lower turbine is displaced upwards through the turbine, whereby a corresponding drive the Turbine goes hand in hand. Particularly advantageous is the application of the method, if the

Air mass flow is increased in relation to the shaft volume such that the volume flow reaches at least an amount which corresponds to the value of the shaft volume divided by 10 seconds. By means of this design, very high efficiencies of the updraft power plant can be achieved when considering the introduced energy. It is particularly advantageous if, additionally due to the difference in density between the heated air following the inlet opening in the chimney shaft relative to the ambient air outside the updraft power station, an air flow directed upward in the chimney shaft is produced in the chimney stack. Thus, additionally due to the

Density difference between the heated air and the ambient air, a corresponding air flow can be formed, which can be used for the use of electrical energy through the use of turbine and generator. Furthermore, a design is particularly advantageous in that the air mass flow has an air velocity between 3 ^m / _s and 9 ^m / _s . Air speeds between 5 ^m / _s and 7 ^m / _s are particularly advantageous. In particular, this speed range is advantageous for achieving an additional buoyancy flow of the air located in the chimney shaft and thus for the realization of high efficiencies of the updraft power plant.

Particularly high efficiencies with regard to the recovery of electrical energy taking into account the introduced, in particular thermal, energy are given when the chimney shaft and the air mass flow and the thermal energy input are interpreted to the effect that in rated operation an upward air flow in the chimney shaft with a speed between 1 0 m / s and 30 m / s is generated. Air velocities between 1 5 m / s and 25 m / s are particularly advantageous. When considering a vortex-like or a helical air flow in the chimney shaft, this named speed relates to the purely vertical portion of the air flow.

Advantageously, in the generation of the air mass flow, a multi-stage compression is used, wherein the flow cross-section is reduced accordingly in the course of compression. As a result, higher pressures are achieved in the air mass flow, which on the one hand a better energy transfer in, for example, a heat exchanger cause as well as cause an additional volume expansion in the shaft volume by increasing the volume of the air flow.

Upstream power plants are known from the prior art, which have at the foot of the chimney shaft a thermal solar collector spanned by a glass roof for direct air heating, by means of which the ambient air can be heated. As ambient air is here to understand the air outside of the updraft power plant. The generation of electrical energy is made possible on the basis of the corresponding heating of the ambient air, which rises for this purpose within the chimney shaft from the foot to the head and drives the turbine.

Contrary to all known embodiments of the updraft power plant, the air mass flow after the introduction into the shaft base through the inlet openings is heated in a particularly advantageous embodiment by means of a heat exchanger through which a heating fluid flows.

 In this case, by means of the heat exchanger, the heat energy from the heating fluid flowing through the heat exchanger to the same

Heat exchanger flowing through the air flow can be transmitted.

To realize a heating of the air flow generated by the air mass flow in the shaft base by means of the heat exchanger, it is particularly advantageous if the heating fluid at entering the heat exchanger has a temperature of more than 250 ° C, in particular of more than 350 ° C. By using the heat exchanger using elevated temperatures of more than 250 ° C, it is possible to effectively heat the incoming air to an equally high temperature. Such heating effects are limited to temperatures of well below 100 ° C in classical solar wind turbines due to the natural solar radiation and the freely forming air flow. Furthermore, the use of high temperatures favors the design of predominantly short heat exchangers. In a further advantageous embodiment, additionally or alternatively, a heating of the air flow by a flaming firing done. Here, a corresponding burner is to be arranged directly in the shaft socket, which causes heating of the incoming air. Considering the advantageous embodiment with a multi-stage compression for generating the air mass flow, this embodiment can be compared schematically with a steel drive, in the further air duct a turbine for power generation is arranged. However, it is essential in this case that the height difference of the updraft power plant is utilized to generate an additional buoyancy wind.

Particularly advantageous is the method for generating electrical energy by means of the updraft power plant when hot air is supplied in the shaft socket from an external source. Here, the hot air should have at least 1 50 ° C, with particularly advantageous temperatures above 400 ° C are. It is possible to supply hot air as a waste product of heating plants with a remaining temperature of, for example, 700 ° C. This hot air then forms at least proportionally in addition to the air mass flow, the air flow in the chimney. Particularly when operating with hot air of particularly high temperatures, it is advantageous to provide mixing of hot air with unheated ambient air. In this case, for example, a cold air mass flow with ambient temperature form a larger proportion of the air flow, which is supplemented by the hot air to the air flow in the chimney shaft, so that the result is an air flow with both high temperature, higher pressure and higher flow velocities in the shaft volume.

Furthermore, it is advantageous when supplying a hot air stream, if this is also actively fed to the substantially cold air mass flow as an oppressive gas flow actively introduced into the shaft socket. It is particularly advantageous if heating of the air mass flow, for example via downstream heat exchangers, and / or direct heating in the shaft base, for example via a burner, and / or mixing the air mass flow with hot air, for example via the supply of corresponding hot air, to one Temperature of the air flow in the well volume of at least 80 ° C, advantageously at least 150 ° C, leads. Temperatures above 250 ° C, advantageously of 200 ° C, but it should be avoided in order to use regular materials for the construction of the chimney. Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if the air flow in the shaft volume due to the advantageous heating and / or mixing has a temperature of at least 50 ° C, preferably at least 1 50 ° C, above the temperature of the ambient air at the foot. With appropriate temperature difference, an advantageous thermal in the chimney shaft is achieved.

An updraft power station according to the invention is essentially characterized by a structure which has one of the features described above or enables one of the previously described methods. In this regard, it requires in addition to the compulsory chimney shaft of a shaft socket in which at an inlet opening a oppressive air mass flow can be initiated, which also allows the shaft socket, the increase in the temperature of the air stream by heating and / or by mixing with example hot air.

It is particularly advantageous for the realization of high efficiencies, in particular, when the updraft power station comprises an air flow generating means. Contrary to known embodiments of the prior art, in which the air flow is formed purely in the chimney shaft due to the thermal, is created by this embodiment, the ability to actively compress and promote air and thus at least partially to form the air mass flow. The air flow generating means is one of an advantageous embodiment here Motor driven fan. Likewise, as an arrangement of a plurality of inlet openings may be advantageous, the use of multiple fans, in particular in arrangement in front of a plurality of inlet openings, is advantageous. The use of a motor for driving a fan in a wind power plant for energy production is particularly advantageous because now the air mass is completely provided in the shaft volume and this affects the overall efficiency of the updraft power plant advantageous. The special effect of the thermal expansion is achieved by means of the pressurized air mass flow according to the invention. Particularly suitable for this purpose is the use of the motor-driven fan. The energy used in turn can be effectively recovered by means of the turbine in the chimney, as can be done by the calculable air mass flow and the introduced thermal energy and the associated exit velocity or the upward air flow in the chimney a large amount of energy through the turbines. The use of a fan allows the operation of the updraft power plant to be controlled in a targeted manner and is no longer - as required by the state of the art - bound to the given climatic boundary conditions. Hi erdurch both a determinable and predeterminable air mass flow can be realized as well as influence on the energy gained in the generator can be taken.

Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment, the shaft base can have at least one cold air opening through which ambient air can enter the shaft base largely unhindered. An existing in the shaft socket heating, be it the air mass flow to a particularly high temperature, be it by a flaming firing or by the supply of H eißluft, can be particularly effectively used by the addition of a cold air opening with a corresponding resulting inflow of Kaitluft to the erzi elung a hot upward directed air flow in the chimney shaft. The effect can be compared with the creation of buoyancy in a tethered balloon.

It is obvious that, for example, in the case of a hot air supply into the shaft socket in the presence of cold air, the Luftström in the chimney shaft as a mixture ammesetzt from the oppressive air mass flow of the hot air and the cold air flow through the cold air opening.

In an advantageous embodiment, a heat exchanger is arranged in the shaft socket, which can heat a stream of air. By this newly created particularly advantageous embodiment using a heat exchanger, the restrictions on the execution of previous solar collectors are repealed with a disproportionately large area covered by a glass roof surface. For the first time, this embodiment makes it possible to use alternative, more efficient solar collectors for the utilization of solar energy for conversion into thermal energy. Thus, many times higher efficiencies for the solar collector are possible.

At the same time, the use of the updraft power plant with different energy sources for operating the heat exchanger is made possible by the advantageous embodiment.

It is initially irrelevant, in a soft way, the heat exchanger is arranged in the shaft socket, provided that it is ensured that a corresponding increase in temperature of the introduced through the inlet opening air mass flow is effected. In this case, the heat exchanger can be arranged in an advantageous manner, as it were, in an air duct following the inlet opening or, alternatively, can also be located in free positioning downstream of the inlet opening inside the shaft socket. Furthermore, it is obvious that the shaft base can also be designed in such a way that it initially presents itself as an extension of the chimney shaft downwards, wherein the heat exchanger within a Air duct is positioned geometrically outside the chimney. Here, the shaft base unabated covers the air duct with the heat exchanger as part of the same.

Particularly advantageous is the construction, in which viewed in Luftströmungs- direction immediately before the heat exchanger, the fan is arranged, i. The fan is separated from the heat exchanger through the inlet opening, and thus the fan at Motorantri eb causes an immediate flow through the heat exchanger.

According to the arrangement of the heat exchanger in the shaft socket this is located directly at the foot of the chimney. Thus, an immediate heating of the ambient air takes place at the foot of the chimney, whereby effective heating can be realized both at low and at higher air velocities.

Likewise, this embodiment favors that almost no loss of performance due to the use of the heat exchanger at the foot of the chimney is to be expected. On the other hand, it is necessary to reckon with considerable heat radiation in the case of solar cooking customary from the state of the art. Thus, the air preheating device according to the invention can achieve a much higher efficiency in an advantageous embodiment than would be the case with a solar collector spanning a classic glass roof.

Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous to choose as heating fluid instead of an aqueous solution an oil-based medium. Also advantageous is the use of liquid salts as heating fluid. Thus, much higher operating temperatures of the heat exchanger are possible.

It is particularly advantageous when the heating fluid in the heat exchanger in the circuit flows through at least one thermal solar collector. In this way, as in the classic case of the updraft power plant, the energy is generated by means of solar radiation. However, instead of the großflächi gene, covered by glass roof thermal Solar collector used in its place a flowed through by a heating fluid solar collector. This may be a vacuum tube collector or a parabolic trough collector in a particularly advantageous manner. Thus, on the one hand, particularly high temperatures can be realized in the heating fluid to be heated, as well as at the same time a particularly high degree of efficiency is ensured. In this case, advantageously, a plurality of thermal solar collectors can be arranged at least partially surrounding the chimney shaft. Using appropriate thermal solar collectors in conjunction with the use of a heat exchanger according to the invention, an efficiency is achieved which is considerably higher than that which would be achievable by means of a conventional glass roof spanned solar thermal collector for air heating.

Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if a buffer memory is arranged in the circulation of the heating fluid between the heat exchanger and the solar collector. Here are different versions can be implemented, the buffer can be flowed through both directly in Krei slauf, as well as a parallel circuit with solar collector and buffer memory or. Heat exchanger and buffer memory is possible.

Furthermore, it is possible to use the circulating heating fluid directly as a storage medium as well as a transfer to another storage medium is possible. A significant advantage of the buffer memory is that the operating time of the updraft power plant can be extended significantly beyond the time of day while generating electrical energy. Furthermore, it is thus possible to influence the energy produced in each case. For example, it is thus possible to reduce the flow of air at times of lower demand for electrical energy or to reduce the heating by means of the heat exchanger and instead to conduct excess energy into the buffer memory. On the other hand, when twilight sets in, it is possible to operate from the buffer tanks and thus operate until late at night. However, it can also be provided in the same way or as a supplement, that for the night mode the heating of the heating fluid is effected by a further external heat source, so that a full-day operation of the updraft power plant is achieved. Furthermore, particularly advantageous for achieving a high efficiency, it is when the air is introduced off-center in the chimney shaft in the updraft power plant. In this case, it is necessary to achieve an at least partially tangential air flow, which in turn leads to a vortex-like air flow in the chimney shaft. Consequently, in this embodiment, the air is not supplied radially to the center axis of the chimney and forcibly diverted from the horizontal to the vertical at the foot, but it is rather causes a rotating air flow, whereby a lower air resistance can be achieved at the foot of the chimney. Furthermore, at the same time the vortex-like air flow formed in the chimney shaft, in particular with the formation of a helical shape, can advantageously be used for obtaining the electrical energy in implementation in the turbine.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if, in order to achieve a high degree of overall efficiency, a plurality of photovoltaic solar collectors, at least partially surrounding the chimney shaft, are arranged.

 Thus, the motors of the fans can be operated by means of the electrical energy obtained from the solar modules.

A high efficiency of the updraft power plant is furthermore achieved by arranging at least three turbines spaced apart in the longitudinal direction in the chimney shaft. The gradual arrangement of the turbines makes better use of the air flow in the chimney shaft and thus an increase in the overall efficiency of the updraft power plant.

It is particularly advantageous if, based on the height of the entire chimney shaft, the first turbine at a distance from the bottom End of the flue is arranged in a range between 1 5% and 20% of the total height. Advantageously, the second turbine at a distance from the first turbine and the third turbine at a distance from the second turbine in a Ab stood between 25% and 35% of the total height.

Further advantageous is the consideration in particular of the air duct at the foot of the chimney. Here it is necessary to reduce flow losses to a possible minimum. It is particularly important to pay attention to the air flow in the air flow direction, in particular, the heat exchanger is designed such that the Strömungswi resistance in the air flow direction is lower than in a theoretically considered opposite air flow.

In the following figures, various embodiments of Aufwindkraftwerke invention are outlined by way of example. Show it:

1 shows a first embodiment of a Aufwindkraftwerks in a perspective view.

Fig. 2-5 exemplary embodiments of a shaft socket;

6 shows another example of a solar power plant with solar collectors;

Fig. 7 shows another example of a wind power plant in arrangement at a combined heat and power plant;

Fig. 8 shows another example of a Aufwindkraftwerks Schemataskizze. In Fi gu r 1, a first example of an inventive Aufwindkraftwerk 01 is sketched in a perspective view. To recognize is first of all the chimney 02 in a substantially cylindrical Form, wherein at the foot of the shaft socket 05 is arranged. At the upper end, the outlet opening 04 al as ffenes end of the chimney 02, wherein further inside the chimney 02 a plurality of turbines 03 (only one outlines) are arranged to generate electricity. Below the lowest turbine 03 is in the free volume of the chimney 02 and the shaft socket 05 a specific

Well volume 07 is formed. Within the shaft volume 07, the air is present at an elevated temperature relative to the environment.

The shaft base 05 on the one hand has the static task of carrying the chimney shaft 02. Furthermore, the shaft socket 05 includes as essential components for this embodiment a plurality of circumferentially distributed fans 09, wel che ambient air al s air mass flow can promote through inlet openings, wherein in the following the air flow in each case passes through a heat exchanger 08. To improve the flow conditions and to improve the efficiency of the shaft socket 05 is further designed such that outer air ducts 14 favor the air flow to the fans 09, which is essential for this embodiment, that by means of inner air ducts 1 3 a quasi-circular helical air flow is generated in the shaft volume 07.

FIG. 2 schematically outlines the possible structure of the air inlet with the air duct at the shaft base 05. The arrangement of several air inlets distributed around the circumference can be seen with a fan 09 in front of the inlet opening 06 followed by the arrangement of a heat exchanger 08 following the inlet opening 06 After flowing through the heat exchanger 08, the air which passes through the inner air ducts 1 3 enters the duct volume 07 in a circular manner into the chimney shaft 02. This forms a circular air inlet flow 15 which, in conjunction with the buoyancy of the air, leads to a helical buoyancy flow in the chimney shaft 02. Furthermore, the Aufwindkraftwerk 01 can be designed so advantageous that outside an outer air duct 14 favors the air flow prior to entering the fan 09.

In Figu r 3, a further embodiment of a shaft socket 05 is sketched, wherein also an arrangement of a plurality of circumferentially distributed fans 09 is provided with downstream in the flow direction heat exchangers 08. Likewise, by means of an inner air duct 13, a circular-helical air flow in the duct volume 07 is generated.

In FIG. 4, as an alternative to the previous embodiment of the shaft socket 05, it is supplemented by cold air openings 11, through which ambient air can enter the shaft volume 07 virtually unhindered. A return flow of the valve ator 09 injected air mass flow through the cold air openings 1 1 does not take place due to the advantageous procedure. First of all, the circular helical air flow largely prevents an escape from the cold air openings 11. However, a significant aspect is the heating of the air mass flow, in this case by means of the heat exchanger 08, whereby a corresponding buoyancy of the air in the shaft volume 07 is effected, causing a suction effect on the cold air openings 1 1.

5, a further embodiment of a shaft socket 05 is sketched, this now compared to the embodiment of FIG. 3 now has a base frame 12 comparable to an open cooling tower. As a result, a cold air opening 1 1 is also formed through which unimpeded air can enter the manhole volume 07.

With regard to the delineation of the shaft volume 07, in particular in an embodiment as outlined for example in FIG. 5, this defines itself as that free volume below the lowermost turbine within the chimney shaft 02 and the shaft base 05, in which there is air heated with respect to the environment. In the example sketched This means that the shaft volume 07 begins virtually above the base frame 1 2.

FIG. 6 shows a further example of an updraft power plant 01 in a perspective view. Recognizable in turn is the chimney shaft 02, at the foot end of which the air inlet via fans 09 and the heat exchanger lying behind it-can not be recognized-takes place. To obtain the necessary thermal energy for the liquid flowing through the heat exchanger, thermal chimneys 1 7 arranged in the manner of vacuum tube collectors are arranged in a fan-shaped manner surrounding the chimney shaft 02.

In the figure 7 is sketched in a further example of a Aufwindkraftwerkes 01 this arrangement in combined heat and power plants 19. In this case, there is a direct introduction of the hot air produced in the cogeneration plant 1 9 in the shaft socket 05 of the flue shaft 02. In the figure 8 is a schematic sketch outlines a possible structure of a Aufwindkraftwerks 01 according to the invention. At the foot of the Aufwindkraftwerks 01, the shaft socket 05 is arranged, via the means of a fan 09 ambient air 23 is introduced as air mass flow 2 1 through the inlet opening 06 into the shaft volume 07, the air flow 22 must first pass through a heat exchanger 08, by means of a corresponding heating of the previously cold air mass flow 21 is effected. Furthermore, the shaft socket 05 cold air openings 1 1 through which also ambient air 23 can freely enter the shaft volume 07. Within the chimney 02 are three turbines 03. 1, 03.2 and 03.3 arranged, wherein the lowest turbine 03. 1 at the same time defines the size of the shaft volume 07.

In the corresponding advantageous embodiment, the decisive effect for achieving high efficiencies and thus the best possible utilization of the heating of the air flow is based on the fact that a substantially cold air mass flow 21 only within the Schachtvo- lumens 07 is heated and can immediately expand in the well volume 07, which due to the expansion and due to the difference in temperature to the ambient air, a correspondingly strong buoyancy is effected with a drive of the turbines.

Claims

claims Method for operating an updraft power station (Ol), wherein the updraft power station (Ol) has a chimney shaft (02) with a shaft base (05) at its foot end and with at least one outlet opening (04) at its head end, wherein in the chimney shaft (02) at least one bottom turbine (03) is arranged, whereby below this a lower shaft volume (07) is defined as the free volume in the chimney (02), wherein the turbine (03) is coupled to a generator for generating electrical energy, and wherein in nominal operation, an air mass flow (21) is introduced into the shaft base (05) through an inlet opening (06), wherein the air flow (22) in the shaft volume (07) has a higher temperature than the circulating air, whereby an upward directed air flow (22) in the chimney shaft (02). arises and the turbine (03) is driven, characterized draws, that an oppressive, in particular cold, air mass flow (21) into the shaft socket (05) is introduced, which is subsequently heated in the shaft socket (05). Method according to claim 1, characterized, in that the air mass flow (21) is introduced at an increased flow velocity, wherein the air mass flow (21), converted to a volume flow at ambient pressure, corresponds at least to the lower shaft volume (07) per 20 seconds, in particular per 10 seconds. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized, the air mass flow (21) has a flow velocity between 3 ^m / _s and 9 ^m / ₅ , in particular between 5 ^m / _s and 7 ^m / _s) . Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized, that the air mass flow (21) is generated by a multi-stage compression with a reduction of the flow cross-section. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized, in that the air mass flow (21) in the shaft base (05) is heated by means of a heat exchanger (08) through which a heating fluid flows, the heating fluid entering the heat exchanger (08) having a temperature of more than 250 ° C, in particular more than 350 ° C , having. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized, that the air mass flow (21) in the shaft socket (05) is heated by means of flame firing. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized geke, that hot air from an external source in the shaft socket (05) is introduced, wherein the hot air has a temperature of more than 150 ° C, in particular more than 400 ° C. 8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7,  characterized,  in that the heating of the air mass flow (21) and / or the mixture of the air mass flow (21) with hot and / or cold air  - To an air temperature in the shaft volume (07) between 80 ° C and 250 ° C, in particular between 150 ° C and 200 ° C, leads and / or - to an increase in temperature of the shaft volume (07) located in the air relative to the circulating air of at least 50th ° C, in particular at least 150 ° C leads. 9. Aufwindkraftwerk (01), which has a chimney shaft (02) with a shaft socket (05) at the foot end and with at least one outlet opening (04) at its head end, wherein in the chimney shaft (02) at least a lowermost turbine (03) is arranged which is coupled to a generator for generating electrical energy, wherein in nominal operation an air mass flow (21) can be introduced through an inlet opening (06) into the shaft base (05),  marked by  the design for the application of a method according to one of the preceding claims. 10. Aufwindkraftwerk (01) according to claim 9,  marked by an air-flow generating means, in particular a fan (09) which can be driven by a motor and which can substantially compress and convey air and can at least proportionally effect the air mass flow (21). 11. Aufwindkraftwerk (01) according to any one of claims 9 to 10, characterized  the shaft base (05) furthermore has at least one cold air opening (11) through which ambient air flows essentially directly into the shaft base (05) during nominal operation. 12. Aufwindkraftwerk (01) according to any one of claims 9 to 11,  marked by  a heat exchanger (08) through which a heating fluid flows, which is arranged in the shaft base (05) and can heat the air mass flow (21). 13. Aufwindkraftwerk (01) according to claim 12,  characterized,  in that the heating fluid in the heat exchanger (08) flows through at least one thermal solar collector (17) in the circuit, in particular a vacuum tube collector and / or parabolic trough collector. 14. Aufwindkraftwerk (01) according to claim 13,  characterized,  that the heating fluid in the circuit with the heat exchanger (08) and / or the solar collector (17) can flow through a buffer memory, wherein thermal energy can be stored and discharged from the buffer memory. 15. Aufwindkraftwerk (01) according to any one of claims 9 to 14,  characterized, the inlet opening (06) is arranged in such a way and an air inlet guide (13) is designed in such a way that the air stream (22) is introduced off-center into the shaft base (05), whereby in the chimney shaft (02) a vortex or helical one Air flow (22) forms. 16. Aufwindkraftwerk (01) according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized  that in the chimney shaft (02) at least three longitudinally spaced turbines (03.1, 03.2, 03.3) are arranged. 17. Aufwindkraftwerk (Ol) according to claim 16,  characterized,  that in relation to the entire height of the flue (02) as 100%  - The lowest turbine (03.1) at a distance from the inlet opening (06) of the flue (02) in a range between 15% and 25% is arranged;  - The second turbine (03.2) at a distance from the lowermost turbine (03.1) is arranged in a range between 25% and 35%, and - The third turbine (03.3) at a distance from the second turbine (03.2) is arranged in a range between 25% and 35%.