WO2012067479A1 - Device for converting heat to triaxial potential mechanical work with amplification of dilations - Google Patents
Device for converting heat to triaxial potential mechanical work with amplification of dilations Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012067479A1 WO2012067479A1 PCT/MX2011/000096 MX2011000096W WO2012067479A1 WO 2012067479 A1 WO2012067479 A1 WO 2012067479A1 MX 2011000096 W MX2011000096 W MX 2011000096W WO 2012067479 A1 WO2012067479 A1 WO 2012067479A1
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- piston
- shell
- support
- monobioque
- high pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/061—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element
- F03G7/06114—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element using the thermal expansion or contraction of solid materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy
Definitions
- the invented apparatus will be applied to effect the conversion of heat to triaxial potential mechanical work which in turn can be transformed into electrical energy or will serve to pump fluids at very high pressure. Specifically, it will be used in thermoelectric plants to replace steam boilers to produce electricity from fuel.
- the technical field of the invention is that of the transformation of energy by means of thermal machines.
- the antecedent of my invention is the steam boiler which is part of the cyclic thermal machines (Balzhizer, Samuels, Eliassen. "Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics.” Prentice Hall).
- treated water is used as a system to which its pressure is raised with a pump and its temperature by the application of the heat of combustion of hydrocarbons until obtaining an overheated steam which expands adiabatically producing a mechanical work on a turbogenerator which turns mechanical work into electricity.
- the heat applied is mainly used to increase the kinetic energy of the superheated steam molecules. Energy conversion follows the path:
- Radiant energy (heat) a Kinetic mechanical energy.
- the technical problem with this path is that the maximum conversion obtainable from heat to mechanical energy is around 40% since the state of the art has not been able to invent a cyclic process by means of which the thermal energy released by the combustion, and absorbed by the invented process, can be converted totally to mechanical energy or useful work. This is because the thermal potential, temperature, has not been used directly to produce work, but it has been necessary to use the thermal potential to produce an increase in another energy potential such as enthalpy, before the work can be extracted (Reference cited above). That is, the radiant energy (triaxial) produces work that makes a gas (monoaxial).
- That my device is part of the non-cyclic thermal machines.
- That my device uses as a system a metal, preferably aluminum, which directly converts the heat energy absorbed by itself, when opposed by 3 reversible axial forces, in a pressure of thermal expansion and by increasing its volume it produces a useful work that it is transmitted on the three orthogonal axes.
- Radiant energy (heat) a Potential mechanical energy.
- Fig. 5. Top view of the monobloc lid of the appliance and a lift of the cut 1-1 of the same.
- FIG. 9. This figure represents an elevation of the cut 2-2 of figure 6 and also the place of one of the two gas outlets of the apparatus.
- Fig. 10 Top view of the support part (16) of the high-pressure piston, (8), and an elevation of the cut 1-1 of the same.
- Fig. 1 Upper view of the lid of a second stage or low pressure cylinder (12) corresponding to the Z axis and a 1-1 cut elevation of the same. (Check valves are not shown as various designs can perform this service).
- Fig. 13. This figure is identical to fig.2 but also shows the auxiliary lines for filling and emptying the high pressure cylindrical chambers with mercury and for filling and emptying the low pressure cylindrical chambers with water.
- FIG. 14. shows schematically how the heating gas and cooling gas systems are connected to the apparatus by means of the inlet and outlet heads shown with arrows in Fig. 1 and also the how the temperature control, CT, acts on the control valves of both gas systems.
- the essential part of the apparatus is a spherical shell, preferably of Aluminum (1), see fig. 2.
- the function of this spherical shell is to absorb easily and uniformly the heat supplied to it which will originate in the metal a triaxial dilation and by opposing three equivalent axial forces in the opposite direction, a high expansion pressure will be generated that will act triaxially on the three coordinate axes and when increasing its volume it will produce a triaxial mechanical work.
- This shell is supported by 3 triaxial concave supports (2), (3) and (4) that fit millimeter with it. See figures 2 and 1. These concave supports are (integrated on (4) and connected (2) and (3) with screw connection to make millimeter adjustments and maintenance tasks) to the metallic monobloc (5).
- each minor second stage piston will move in its corresponding axis through another second stage cylindrical chamber (23) and (24) which is also integrated on the X and Y 'axes with the part (5) figure 1 and on the Z axis (25) with the part (15) and the fluid that will pump these second stage chambers will be water to a high pressure accumulator or to a atmospheric vessel placed at a high altitude from where, in any of the two options, you can transform the potential energy to electricity or another form of energy that is convenient.
- the end or end part of these second stage chambers is sealed with a low pressure cylinder cap, (12), see figures.
- this two-stage triaxial hydraulic mechanism is to transform a mechanical work that consists of a very large force and a very small displacement to a mechanical work with a large force and an industrially usable metric displacement. That is to say, it is a amplifier of triaxial linear thermal expansion.
- the structural arrangement of the apparatus on the vertical axis or Z axis deserves a separate description and is as follows:
- the upper part or cover of the monobloc (15), see drawings 2 and 5, does not form a single piece with the lower part of the metal cube (5) which serves as a structure for the apparatus but is joined to it by means of flanges as shown in FIG. appreciates in the reference drawings.
- the foregoing was designed as such for construction, installation and maintenance reasons.
- the high-pressure cylindrical chamber in which the high-pressure piston is installed (8) is integrated in this lid and it is in this part of the cylindrical chamber that it corresponds to the monoblock lid where the packing seal mechanism should be installed. that will prevent mercury leaks.
- the shock absorber consists of a design of communicating vessels that joins the lower part of the high pressure piston (8) with a container (31) outside the structure containing mercury at atmospheric pressure through a tube in " U "and a flow control valve (30) as shown in figure 12.
- the opening of the flow control valve is a function of the temperature of the spherical shell: When the shell is at the cold design temperature ( 17) of figure 12 the valve will be 100% open and when the shell is at the hot design temperature (18) of figure 12 the valve will be completely closed.
- the high pressure piston (8) rests on the support (16) and the volume between the bottom of the high pressure piston and the support (16) is zero and all the mercury of the shock absorber will be in the container of mercury at atmospheric pressure.
- the system is at the hot design temperature the volume between the bottom of the high pressure piston (8) and the support (16) reaches its maximum value and is full of mercury.
- the flow control valve starts to open and the lowering of the high pressure piston is gradual until it reaches the support (16).
- the foundation of the structure of the apparatus, that is, of the monobloc (5) is illustrated in figure 15.
- the complementary or auxiliary part of the apparatus consists of a design of pipes installed inside the apparatus which do not appear in figures 1 and 2 and are shown separately for reasons of simplification but are perfectly related and located by their coordinates. These pipes will alternately lead through the apparatuse to two different gaseous streams that will heat first one and then cool the other to the metal spherical shell in a successive way while operating the apparatus, see figures 1, 3 and 4.
- two general lines or heads called head! of gas inlet to the apparatus (19) and gas outlet head of the apparatus (20). Both lines are independently and separately connected to the heating gas (21) and the cooling gas (22) systems as shown in Figure 14.
- Gas inlet to the appliance Before reaching the appliance the gas inlet head is divided into a "T" in two branches that surround the appliance: See figure 1. Each of these branches is divided into two lines that are introduced to the apparatus placing the most symmetrically possible each one with respect to the center of the spherical shell, see figure 1. In each of these four points (26) the lines will be connected with four "Tee" connections perpendicular to the horizontal plane see figures 1 , 3 and 4 to the eight inlet gas flow tubes (27) and (28) (two distributing tubes for each "tee") Each of these tubes opens into a truncated cone that directs the flow pointing towards the center of the spherical shell.
- the truncated cones When placed the truncated cones should be exactly equidistant from the center of the spherical shell and be symmetrical with each other.
- the objective of this design is to ensure that both the heating and cooling of the spherical shell are as uniform as possible.
- Gas output from the appliance The gas streams leave the appliance through the lower part of the monoblock, see figures 1, 6 and 7 through two circular holes of large diameter, inside which two pipes of the corresponding size are properly installed. which will join after a short distance to form the gas outlet head of the apparatus.
- the following parts of the appliance should be insulated with Pyrogel XT blankets: Externally: The heads of gas inlet and outlet of! apparatus; all the exterior of the monobloc, monobloc lid and the three caps of the low pressure cylinders. Internally: All parts of the monobloc and the cover of the monobloc; The cylindrical surface of the rod and the flat front part of the three high-pressure pistons (6), (7) and (8), the cylindrical surface of the three triaxial concave supports, (2), (3) and (4) .
- the function of the apparatus is to convert the heat energy absorbed by the spherical shell to the potential energy of a hydraulic system. That is, it will suck water from a container with a low positive pressure value and discharge water at a very high positive pressure value.
- this water has released its potential energy producing electricity or other useful work, it is returned to the low pressure positive pressure vessel, so this device does not consume water and works like a hydroelectric plant with the advantage over it of not having to build a dam and with the advantage over a thermoelectric plant of not requiring water treatment for boilers.
- the metallic spherical shell (1) be millimetrically adjusted with the triaxial concave supports: (2), (3) and (4) and with the concave contact surfaces of the piston rods of high pressure (6), (7) and (8).
- high-pressure cylindrical chambers should be filled with the required level of mercury.
- the cylindrical chambers are provided with auxiliary lines for the venting and draining of the mercury as shown in figure 13.
- the second-stage or low-pressure cylindrical chambers must also be filled with water, see figure 13 from a container with a low positive pressure value which is not detailed in the figure but which is required to be placed at a level at least 4 meters above the cap of the low pressure cylinder corresponding to the Z axis.
- the connections with the cameras Cylinders corresponding to the axis Y 'do not appear in figure 13 but are similar to those of the axis X.
- the heating stage of the metal spherical shell which is achieved by passing through the head of gas input to the apparatus (19) and of the gas distribution lines of entry to the apparatus a constant flow and constant temperature of gases coming from the system of heating gases which, after heating to the metal spherical shell, will leave the apparatus through the two gas outlet lines that are connected to the gas outlet head (20) to be recirculated to the heating gas system. How this recirculation works and the entire heating gas system are not described in this application. Only what concerns the operation of the device is described.
- By increasing the temperature of the spherical shell it begins to expand uniformly.
- the shell has a temperature measurement and control system installed (See figure 14). As the shell expands, it begins to push the three high pressure pistons (6), (7) and (8).
- the cooling gases will pass through the gas inlet head and through the gas supply lines to the appliance with a constant flow and temperature and after cooling the spherical shell they will leave the appliance through the two gas outlet lines that are connected to the gas outlet head to return to the cooling gas system.
- cooling gas system works is not described in this application, only what is related to the operation of the device is described (both cooling and heating systems are two independent processes that act alternately on the device and will be described extensively in another patent application).
- the temperature control will order to completely close the two valves of the cooling gas system and at the same time order to open in its entirety the 2 valves of the heating gas system and thus the alternation of stages will continue successively.
- the axial force of resistance that opposes the "head” or water column that enters the positive high pressure vessel must always be lower than the axial force that generates the thermal expansion of the spherical shell but as close as possible to the latter.
- the above to try to get closer to obtain the conditions of reversibility in the 3 orthogonal axes and therefore the maximum thermal efficiency of the device.
- the state of the art uses the steam boiler which is characterized by being part of the cyclic thermal machines that use the heat released by the hydrocarbons to increase the mechanical kinetic energy of the steam-water system which transmits only said energy monoaxially.
- the apparatus whose innovative technical characteristics I wish to protect is characterized as a non-cyclic thermal machine that uses the heat released by the hydrocarbons to increase the potential mechanical energy of the metallic aluminum system or any other metal or alloy which triaxially transmits said potential mechanical energy.
- the apparatus in addition, simultaneously amplifies the initial thermal expansions in each axis.
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Abstract
Description
APARATO PARA LA CONVERSIÓN DE CALOR A TRABAJO MECANICO POTENCIAL TRIAXIAL CON AMPLIFICACIÓN DE DILATACIONES APPARATUS FOR THE CONVERSION OF HEAT TO TRIAXIAL POTENTIAL MECHANICAL WORK WITH AMPLIFICATION OF DILATATIONS
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
CAMPO TECNICO DE LA INVENCIÓN TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
El aparato inventado se aplicará para efectuar la conversión de calor a trabajo mecánico potencial triaxial el cual a su vez podrá transformarse en energía eléctrica ó servirá para bombear fluidos a muy alta presión. Concretamente se utilizará en las plantas termoeléctricas en sustitución de las calderas de vapor para producir energía eléctrica a partir de combustibles. El campo técnico de la invención es el de la transformación de la energía por medio de máquinas térmicas.. The invented apparatus will be applied to effect the conversion of heat to triaxial potential mechanical work which in turn can be transformed into electrical energy or will serve to pump fluids at very high pressure. Specifically, it will be used in thermoelectric plants to replace steam boilers to produce electricity from fuel. The technical field of the invention is that of the transformation of energy by means of thermal machines.
ANTECEDENTES BACKGROUND
El antecedente de mi invención es la caldera de vapor la cual forma parte de las máquinas térmicas cíclicas (Balzhizer, Samuels, Eliassen. "Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics". Prentice Hall ). En las calderas de vapor se emplea como sistema el agua tratada a la cual sé elevan su presión con una bomba y su temperatura por la aplicación del calor de combustión de hidrocarburos hasta obtener un vapor sobrecalentado el cual se expande adiabáticamente produciendo un trabajo mecánico sobre un turbogenerador el cual convierte el trabajo mecánico en electricidad. En las calderas de vapor el calor aplicado se utiliza principalmente para incrementar la energía cinética de las moléculas de vapor sobrecalentado. La conversión energética sigue el camino: The antecedent of my invention is the steam boiler which is part of the cyclic thermal machines (Balzhizer, Samuels, Eliassen. "Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics." Prentice Hall). In the steam boilers, treated water is used as a system to which its pressure is raised with a pump and its temperature by the application of the heat of combustion of hydrocarbons until obtaining an overheated steam which expands adiabatically producing a mechanical work on a turbogenerator which turns mechanical work into electricity. In steam boilers the heat applied is mainly used to increase the kinetic energy of the superheated steam molecules. Energy conversion follows the path:
Energía radiante (calor) a: Energía mecánica cinética. El problema técnico que presenta este camino es que la máxima conversión obtenible de calor a energía mecánica es de alrededor de 40% ya que el estado de la técnica no ha sido capaz de inventar un proceso cíclico por medio del cual la energía térmica liberada por la combustión, y absorbida por el proceso inventado, pueda ser convertida totalmente a energía mecánica o trabajo útil. Lo anterior se debe a que el potencial térmico, temperatura, no se ha usado directamente para producir trabajo, sino que ha sido necesario utilizar el potencial térmico para producir un incremento de otro potencial energético como la entalpia, antes de que el trabajo pueda ser extraído (Referencia antes citada). Es decir, de la energía radiante (triaxial) se produce trabajo que realiza un gas (monoaxial). Radiant energy (heat) a: Kinetic mechanical energy. The technical problem with this path is that the maximum conversion obtainable from heat to mechanical energy is around 40% since the state of the art has not been able to invent a cyclic process by means of which the thermal energy released by the combustion, and absorbed by the invented process, can be converted totally to mechanical energy or useful work. This is because the thermal potential, temperature, has not been used directly to produce work, but it has been necessary to use the thermal potential to produce an increase in another energy potential such as enthalpy, before the work can be extracted (Reference cited above). That is, the radiant energy (triaxial) produces work that makes a gas (monoaxial).
Las diferencias de la caldera de vapor con el aparato cuya patente solicito son: The differences of the steam boiler with the apparatus whose patent I request are:
Que mí aparato forma parte de las máquinas térmicas no-cíclicas. That my device is part of the non-cyclic thermal machines.
1. Que mí aparato usa como sistema un metal preferentemente el aluminio el cual convierte directamente la energía calorífica absorbida por él mismo, cuando se le oponen 3 fuerzas axiales reversibles, en una presión de expansión térmica y al aumentar su volumen produce un trabajo útil que se transmite sobre los tres ejes ortogonales. 1. That my device uses as a system a metal, preferably aluminum, which directly converts the heat energy absorbed by itself, when opposed by 3 reversible axial forces, in a pressure of thermal expansion and by increasing its volume it produces a useful work that it is transmitted on the three orthogonal axes.
2. Que en mí aparato la conversión energética sigue el camino: 2. That in my device the energy conversion follows the path:
Energía radiante (calor) a: Energía mecánica potencial. Radiant energy (heat) a: Potential mechanical energy.
Las ventajas de mi invención sobre la caldera de vapor son las siguientes: The advantages of my invention over the steam boiler are the following:
1. Producción triaxial de trabajo. 1. Triaxial production of work.
2. Mayor eficiencia en la conversión de calor a trabajo mecánico. 3. Evita el proceso indirecto e ineficiente del uso del agua para calderas cuyos tratamientos químicos y acondicionamientos resultan costosos y contaminantes.2. Greater efficiency in the conversion of heat to mechanical work. 3. It avoids the indirect and inefficient process of the use of water for boilers whose chemical treatments and conditioning are costly and polluting.
4. Proceso y equipo de proceso más simple. 4. Process and simpler process equipment.
5. Menores costos de operación. Menor consumo de hidrocarburos. 5. Lower operating costs. Lower consumption of hydrocarbons.
6. Mayor conversión de recursos energéticos no renovables y menor contaminación térmica y química del medio ambiente. 6. Greater conversion of non-renewable energy resources and less thermal and chemical pollution of the environment.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Las figuras se describen con referencia a un sistema de 3 ejes coordenados ortogonales: X,Y y Z cuyo origen coincide con el centro del cascarón esférico del aparato. The figures are described with reference to a system of 3 orthogonal coordinate axes: X, Y and Z whose origin coincides with the center of the spherical shell of the apparatus.
Fig. 1.-Esta figura representa una planta del corte sobre el plano X-Y del aparato y de las líneas de entrada y salida de las corrientes gaseosas al mismo (eje Z=0). Fig. 1.-This figure represents a plan of the cut on the X-Y plane of the apparatus and of the lines of entry and exit of the gaseous streams to it (Z axis = 0).
Fig. 2. -Esta figura representa una elevación del corte sobre el plano X-Z del aparato sin mostrar la disposición o instalación interior de las líneas distribuidoras de gas de entrada al aparato (Eje Y=0) y cada una de sus piezas está rotulada con números para su fár; identificación cuando se realice alguna descripción de la invención. Cualquier núrr entre paréntesis se refiere a una pieza de la figura 2 a menos que se espe- .¿ claramente que está referido a otra figura. Fig. 2. -This figure represents an elevation of the cut on the XZ plane of the apparatus without showing the internal arrangement or installation of the gas distribution lines entering the appliance (Y axis = 0) and each of its parts is labeled with numbers for your factor ; identification when a description of the invention is made. Any number in parentheses refers to a piece of Figure 2 unless it is clearly expected to refer to another figure.
Fig. 3.-Esta figura representa una elevación de la disposición interior de las líneas distribuidoras de flujo de gas de entrada a! aparato sobre el plano que forman los ejes que tienen como abscisas positivas al eje auxiliar X=Y Ver fig. 1 y como abscisas negativas al eje auxiliar X -Y' Ver fig. 1 y como ordenadas al eje ortogonal Z-Z'. Fig. 3.-This figure represents an elevation of the interior layout of the incoming gas flow distribution lines to! device on the plane formed by the axes that have as positive axes the auxiliary axis X = Y See fig. 1 and as negative abscissas to the auxiliary axis X -Y 'See fig. 1 and as ordered to the orthogonal axis Z-Z '.
Fig. 4.-Esta figura representa una elevación de la disposición interior de las líneas distribuidoras de flujo de gas de entrada al aparato sobre el plano que forman los ejes que tienen como abscisas positivas al eje auxiliar X=Y' Ver fig. 1 y como abscisas negativas al eje auxiliar X -Y Ver fig. 1 y como ordenadas al eje ortogonal Z-Z\ Fig. 4.-This figure represents an elevation of the internal arrangement of the gas flow distribution lines of input to the apparatus on the plane that form the axes that they have as positive axes the auxiliary axis X = Y 'See fig. 1 and as negative abscissas to the auxiliary axis X-Y See fig. 1 and as ordered to the orthogonal axis ZZ \
Fig. 5. -Vista superior de la tapa del monobloque del aparato y una elevación del corte 1- 1 de la misma. Fig. 5.-Top view of the monobloc lid of the appliance and a lift of the cut 1-1 of the same.
Fig. 6. -Esta figura representa una planta del corte sobre el plano X-Y del monobloque del aparato (Eje Z=0). Fig. 6. -This figure represents a plan of the cut on the X-Y plane of the monobloc of the apparatus (Z axis = 0).
Fig. 7. -Esta figura representa una elevación del corte sobre el plano X-Z del monobloque del aparato (Eje Y=0). Esta figura muestra en la parte baja del fondo los orificios de las dos salidas de gas del aparato. Fig. 7.-This figure represents an elevation of the cut on the X-Z plane of the apparatus monoblock (Y axis = 0). This figure shows in the lower part of the bottom the holes of the two gas outlets of the appliance.
Fig. 8.-Esta figura representa una elevación del corte 1-1 de la figura 6. Fig. 8.-This figure represents an elevation of section 1-1 of figure 6.
Fig. 9. -Esta figura representa una elevación del corte 2-2 de la figura 6 y también el lugar de una de las dos salidas de gas del aparato. Fig. 9. - This figure represents an elevation of the cut 2-2 of figure 6 and also the place of one of the two gas outlets of the apparatus.
Fig. 10.-Vista superior de la pieza soporte (16) del émbolo de alta presión, (8), y una elevación del corte 1-1 de la misma. Fig. 10.-Top view of the support part (16) of the high-pressure piston, (8), and an elevation of the cut 1-1 of the same.
Fig. 1 . -Vista superior de la tapa de un cilindro de segunda etapa ó de baja presión (12) correspondiente al eje Z y una elevación del corte 1-1 de la misma. (No se muestran las válvulas de check pues diversos diseños pueden efectuar este servicio). Fig. 1 -Upper view of the lid of a second stage or low pressure cylinder (12) corresponding to the Z axis and a 1-1 cut elevation of the same. (Check valves are not shown as various designs can perform this service).
Fig. 12.-Representación cualitativa del amortiguador de descenso del pistón vertical de alta presión, (8). Fig. 12.-Qualitative representation of the high pressure vertical piston lowering damper, (8).
Fig. 13. -Esta figura es idéntica a la fig.2 pero además muestra las líneas auxiliares para el llenado y vaciado de las cámaras cilindricas de alta presión con mercurio y para el llenado y vaciado de las cámaras cilindricas de baja presión con agua. Fig. 13. - This figure is identical to fig.2 but also shows the auxiliary lines for filling and emptying the high pressure cylindrical chambers with mercury and for filling and emptying the low pressure cylindrical chambers with water.
Fig. 14.-Este dibujo muestra esquemáticamente la manera como están conectados con el aparato los sistemas de gases de calentamiento y de gases de enfriamiento por medio de los cabezales de entrada y salida que se muestran con flechas en la fig.1 y también la manera como actúa el control de temperatura, C.T., sobre las válvulas de control de ambos sistemas de gases. Fig. 14.-This drawing shows schematically how the heating gas and cooling gas systems are connected to the apparatus by means of the inlet and outlet heads shown with arrows in Fig. 1 and also the how the temperature control, CT, acts on the control valves of both gas systems.
Fig. 15.-Esquema de la cimentación del monobloque (5) Fig. 15.-Scheme of the foundation of the monoblock (5)
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1. -Disposición estructural y conjunta: 1. -Structural and joint arrangement:
La parte esencial del aparato es un cascarón esférico preferentemente de Aluminio (1), ver fig. 2. La función de este cascarón esférico es la de absorber fácil y uniformemente el calor suministrado al mismo lo cual originará en el metal una dilatación triaxial y al oponérsele tres fuerzas axiales equivalentes en sentido contrario, se generará una alta presión de expansión que actuará triaxialmente sobre los tres ejes coordenados y al aumentar su volumen producirá un trabajo mecánico triaxial. Este cascarón esta sostenido por 3 soportes cóncavos triaxiales (2), (3) y (4) que se ajustan milimétricamente con el mismo. Ver figuras 2 y 1. Estos soportes cóncavos están (integrado el (4) y conectados (2) y (3) con conexión de rosca para poder efectuar ajustes milimétricos y labores de mantenimiento) al monobloque metálico (5). Diametralmente opuestos a estos soportes cóncavos se encuentran respectivamente los pistones de alta presión: (6), (8) y (7), este último aparece en la figura 1 , cada uno de cuyos vástagos es de sección transversal circular y cuya superficie de contacto con el cascarón esférico también es cóncava para que se ajusten milimétricamente con el cascarón. La sección transversal de los pistones también es circular y mayor que la del vástago y ambos están integrados en una sola pieza. Las cámaras cilindricas sobre las que correrán los pistones de alta presión también están integradas en los ejes X e Y' al monobloque metálico ver figura 1 y en el eje Z a la tapa del monobloque ver figura 2 y el fluido con el que operarán será mercurio. En el extremo de cada una de estás cámaras cilindricas de alta presión existe otro volumen cilindrico hueco concéntrico con el pistón y de menor diámetro que forma un túnel a través de las paredes del monobloque metálico (5) y de su tapa (15), ver figuras 1 y 2. The essential part of the apparatus is a spherical shell, preferably of Aluminum (1), see fig. 2. The function of this spherical shell is to absorb easily and uniformly the heat supplied to it which will originate in the metal a triaxial dilation and by opposing three equivalent axial forces in the opposite direction, a high expansion pressure will be generated that will act triaxially on the three coordinate axes and when increasing its volume it will produce a triaxial mechanical work. This shell is supported by 3 triaxial concave supports (2), (3) and (4) that fit millimeter with it. See figures 2 and 1. These concave supports are (integrated on (4) and connected (2) and (3) with screw connection to make millimeter adjustments and maintenance tasks) to the metallic monobloc (5). Diametrically opposed to these concave supports are respectively the high pressure pistons: (6), (8) and (7), the latter appearing in Figure 1, each of whose rods is of circular cross section and whose contact surface with the spherical shell it is also concave so that they adjust millimeter with the shell. The cross section of the pistons is also circular and larger than that of the piston rod and both are integrated in one piece. The cylindrical chambers on which the pistons will run of high pressure are also integrated in the X and Y 'axes to the metallic monobloc see figure 1 and in the Z axis to the monobloc cover see figure 2 and the fluid with which they will operate will be mercury. At the end of each of these high-pressure cylindrical chambers there is another hollow cylindrical volume concentric with the piston and of smaller diameter that forms a tunnel through the walls of the metallic monobloc (5) and its lid (15), see Figures 1 and 2.
En cada uno de estos volúmenes cilindricos huecos se colocarán los vástagos de tres pistones menores de baja presión o de segunda etapa, (9), (11) y (10) este último aparece en la figura . In each of these hollow cylindrical volumes will be placed the piston rods of three lower pistons of low pressure or second stage, (9), (11) and (10) the latter appears in the figure.
Dichos vástagos serán empujados por el mercurio desplazado por la expansión térmica del cascarón esférico y a su vez cada pistón menor de segunda etapa se desplazará en su correspondiente eje a través de otra cámara cilindrica de segunda etapa (23) y (24) que también está integrada en los ejes X e Y' con la pieza (5) figura 1 y en el eje Z (25) con la pieza (15) y el fluido que bombearán estas cámaras de segunda etapa será agua hacia un acumulador de alta presión o hacia un recipiente atmosférico colocado a una gran altura desde donde, en cualquiera de las dos opciones, se podrá transformar la energía potencial a electricidad o a otra forma de energía que sea conveniente. La parte extrema o final de estas cámaras de segunda etapa está sellada con una tapa del cilindro de baja presión, (12), ver figuras. 2 y 11 embridada para efectos de instalación y mantenimiento y que también tiene válvulas de check de un solo sentido para la succión, (13) y la descarga, ( 4) del agua. El objeto de este mecanismo hidráulico triaxial de dos etapas es el de transformar un trabajo mecánico que consta de una fuerza muy grande y un desplazamiento muy pequeño a un trabajo mecánico con una fuerza grande y un desplazamiento métrico aprovechable industrialmente. Es decir que es un amplificador de la dilatación térmica lineal triaxial. La disposición estructural del aparato sobre el eje vertical o eje Z merece descripción aparte y es la siguiente: Said stems will be pushed by the mercury displaced by the thermal expansion of the spherical shell and in turn each minor second stage piston will move in its corresponding axis through another second stage cylindrical chamber (23) and (24) which is also integrated on the X and Y 'axes with the part (5) figure 1 and on the Z axis (25) with the part (15) and the fluid that will pump these second stage chambers will be water to a high pressure accumulator or to a atmospheric vessel placed at a high altitude from where, in any of the two options, you can transform the potential energy to electricity or another form of energy that is convenient. The end or end part of these second stage chambers is sealed with a low pressure cylinder cap, (12), see figures. 2 and 11 flanged for installation and maintenance purposes and that also has one-way check valves for suction, (13) and discharge, (4) water. The purpose of this two-stage triaxial hydraulic mechanism is to transform a mechanical work that consists of a very large force and a very small displacement to a mechanical work with a large force and an industrially usable metric displacement. That is to say, it is a amplifier of triaxial linear thermal expansion. The structural arrangement of the apparatus on the vertical axis or Z axis deserves a separate description and is as follows:
La parte superior o tapa del monobloque (15), ver dibujos 2 y 5 no forma una sola pieza con el resto inferior del cubo metálico (5) el cual sirve de estructura al aparato sino que está unida con él por medio de bridas como se aprecia en los dibujos de referencia. Lo anterior se diseñó así por razones de construcción, instalación y mantenimiento. En esta tapa está integrada la cámara cilindrica de alta presión en la que se instala el pistón de alta presión, (8) y es en esta parte de la cámara cilindrica que corresponde a la tapa del monobloque donde deberá instalarse el mecanismo de sello de empaque que impedirá las fugas del mercurio. También fue necesario diseñar el soporte (16), ver figuras 2 y 10 el cual estará enroscado a la estructura del aparato para sostener el peso del pistón de alta presión (8) cuando el aparato esté fuera de operación y también cuando este opere en la etapa de enfriamiento o contracción. Para esta misma etapa de enfriamiento fue necesario diseñar un amortiguador de descenso (29) del pistón de alta presión (8) el cual, por razones de claridad y simplificación, no aparece en el dibujo de referencia sino en el figura 12 y su descripción y funcionamiento es como sigue: El amortiguador consiste en un diseño de vasos comunicantes que une la parte inferior del pistón de alta presión (8) con un recipiente (31) exterior a la estructura que contiene mercurio a presión atmosférica a través de un tubo en "U" y una válvula de control de flujo (30) como se muestra en la figura 12. La apertura de la válvula de control de flujo está en función de la temperatura del cascarón esférico: Cuando el cascarón esté a la temperatura de diseño fría (17) de figura 12 la válvula estará 100% abierta y cuando el cascarón esté a la temperatura de diseño caliente (18) de figura 12 la válvula estará completamente cerrada. Cuando el sistema está frío el pistón de alta presión (8) descansa sobre el soporte (16) y el volumen entre la parte inferior del pistón de alta presión y el soporte (16) es cero y todo el mercurio del amortiguador estará en el recipiente de mercurio a presión atmosférica. Cuando el sistema está a la temperatura de diseño caliente el volumen entre la parte inferior del pistón alta presión (8) y el soporte (16) alcanza su máximo valor y está lleno de mercurio. Cuando el sistema empieza a enfriarse la válvula de control de flujo empieza a abrir y el descenso del pistón de alta presión es gradual hasta que llega al soporte (16). La cimentación de la estructura del aparato o sea del monobloque (5) está ilustrada en la figura 15. The upper part or cover of the monobloc (15), see drawings 2 and 5, does not form a single piece with the lower part of the metal cube (5) which serves as a structure for the apparatus but is joined to it by means of flanges as shown in FIG. appreciates in the reference drawings. The foregoing was designed as such for construction, installation and maintenance reasons. The high-pressure cylindrical chamber in which the high-pressure piston is installed (8) is integrated in this lid and it is in this part of the cylindrical chamber that it corresponds to the monoblock lid where the packing seal mechanism should be installed. that will prevent mercury leaks. It was also necessary to design the support (16), see figures 2 and 10 which will be screwed to the structure of the apparatus to support the weight of the high pressure piston (8) when the apparatus is out of operation and also when it operates in the cooling or contraction stage. For this same cooling step it was necessary to design a lowering damper (29) of the high pressure piston (8) which, for reasons of clarity and simplification, does not appear in the reference drawing but in figure 12 and its description and description. Operation is as follows: The shock absorber consists of a design of communicating vessels that joins the lower part of the high pressure piston (8) with a container (31) outside the structure containing mercury at atmospheric pressure through a tube in " U "and a flow control valve (30) as shown in figure 12. The opening of the flow control valve is a function of the temperature of the spherical shell: When the shell is at the cold design temperature ( 17) of figure 12 the valve will be 100% open and when the shell is at the hot design temperature (18) of figure 12 the valve will be completely closed. When the system is cold the high pressure piston (8) rests on the support (16) and the volume between the bottom of the high pressure piston and the support (16) is zero and all the mercury of the shock absorber will be in the container of mercury at atmospheric pressure. When the system is at the hot design temperature the volume between the bottom of the high pressure piston (8) and the support (16) reaches its maximum value and is full of mercury. When the system starts to cool the flow control valve starts to open and the lowering of the high pressure piston is gradual until it reaches the support (16). The foundation of the structure of the apparatus, that is, of the monobloc (5) is illustrated in figure 15.
La parte complementaria o auxiliar del aparato consiste en un diseño de tuberías instaladas dentro del aparato las cuales no aparecen en las figuras 1 y 2 y se muestran aparte por motivos de simplificación pero están perfectamente relacionadas y localizadas por sus coordenadas. Estas tuberías conducirán alternadamente a través del aparate a dos diferentes corrientes gaseosas que calentará primero una y enfriará después la otra al cascarón esférico metálico de una manera sucesiva mientras que opere el aparato, ver figuras 1 ,3 y 4. Para realizar lo anterior existen fuera del aparato dos líneas generales o cabezales denominadas cabeza! de entrada de gases al aparato (19) y cabezal de salida de gases del aparato (20). Ambas líneas están conectadas independientemente y por separado a los sistemas de gases de calentamiento (21) y de gases de enfriamiento (22) como se muestra en la figura 14. Entrada de gases al aparato: Antes de llegar al aparato el cabezal de entrada de gases se divide en forma de "T" en dos ramales que rodean al aparato: Ver figura 1. Cada uno de estos ramales se divide a su vez en dos líneas que se introducen al aparato colocándose lo más simétricamente posible cada una respecto al centro del cascarón esférico, ver figura 1. En cada uno de estos cuatro puntos (26) las líneas se conectarán con cuatro conexiones "Tee" perpendiculares al piano horizontal ver figuras 1 ,3 y 4 a los ocho tubos distribuidores de flujo de gas de entrada al aparato (27) y (28) (dos tubos distribuidores por cada "tee). Cada uno de estos tubos desembocan en un cono truncado que direcciona al flujo apuntando hacia el centro del cascarón esférico. The complementary or auxiliary part of the apparatus consists of a design of pipes installed inside the apparatus which do not appear in figures 1 and 2 and are shown separately for reasons of simplification but are perfectly related and located by their coordinates. These pipes will alternately lead through the aparate to two different gaseous streams that will heat first one and then cool the other to the metal spherical shell in a successive way while operating the apparatus, see figures 1, 3 and 4. To do the above there are outside of the device two general lines or heads called head! of gas inlet to the apparatus (19) and gas outlet head of the apparatus (20). Both lines are independently and separately connected to the heating gas (21) and the cooling gas (22) systems as shown in Figure 14. Gas inlet to the appliance: Before reaching the appliance the gas inlet head is divided into a "T" in two branches that surround the appliance: See figure 1. Each of these branches is divided into two lines that are introduced to the apparatus placing the most symmetrically possible each one with respect to the center of the spherical shell, see figure 1. In each of these four points (26) the lines will be connected with four "Tee" connections perpendicular to the horizontal plane see figures 1 , 3 and 4 to the eight inlet gas flow tubes (27) and (28) (two distributing tubes for each "tee") Each of these tubes opens into a truncated cone that directs the flow pointing towards the center of the spherical shell.
Al colocarse los conos truncados deben de quedar exactamente equidistantes del centro del cascarón esférico y ser simétricos entre sí. El objetivo de este diseño es asegurar que tanto el calentamiento como el enfriamiento del cascarón esférico sean lo más uniforme posible. When placed the truncated cones should be exactly equidistant from the center of the spherical shell and be symmetrical with each other. The objective of this design is to ensure that both the heating and cooling of the spherical shell are as uniform as possible.
Salida de gases del aparato: Las corrientes gaseosas abandonan el aparato por la parte posterior baja del monobloque, ver figuras 1 ,6 y 7 a través de dos orificios circulares de gran diámetro dentro de los cuales se instalan debidamente empacadas dos tuberías de la medida correspondiente las cuales se unirán después de una corta distancia para formar el cabezal de salida de gases del aparato. Gas output from the appliance: The gas streams leave the appliance through the lower part of the monoblock, see figures 1, 6 and 7 through two circular holes of large diameter, inside which two pipes of the corresponding size are properly installed. which will join after a short distance to form the gas outlet head of the apparatus.
Aislamiento.- Para disminuir en todo lo posible las pérdidas de calor se deberán aislar con mantas de Pyrogel XT las siguientes partes del aparato: Exteriormente: Los cabezales de entrada y salida de gases de! aparato; todo el exterior del monobloque, tapa del monobloque y las tres tapas de los cilindros de baja presión. Interiormente: Todas las partes del monobloque y la tapa del monobloque; La superficie cilindrica del vástago y la parte anterior plana de los tres pistones de alta presión (6), (7) y (8), la superficie cilindrica de los tres soportes cóncavos triaxiales, (2), (3) y (4). Insulation.- To reduce the heat losses as much as possible, the following parts of the appliance should be insulated with Pyrogel XT blankets: Externally: The heads of gas inlet and outlet of! apparatus; all the exterior of the monobloc, monobloc lid and the three caps of the low pressure cylinders. Internally: All parts of the monobloc and the cover of the monobloc; The cylindrical surface of the rod and the flat front part of the three high-pressure pistons (6), (7) and (8), the cylindrical surface of the three triaxial concave supports, (2), (3) and (4) .
2.- Descripción funcional del aparato 2.- Functional description of the device
La función del aparato es convertir la energía calorífica absorbida por el cascarón esférico a energía potencial de un sistema hidráulico. Es decir que succionará agua de un recipiente con un bajo valor de presión positiva y descargará agua a un muy alto valor de presión positiva. The function of the apparatus is to convert the heat energy absorbed by the spherical shell to the potential energy of a hydraulic system. That is, it will suck water from a container with a low positive pressure value and discharge water at a very high positive pressure value.
Esta agua una vez que liberó su energía potencial produciendo electricidad u otro trabajo útil se retorna al recipiente de bajo nivel de presión positiva por lo cual este aparato no consume agua y funciona como una planta hidroeléctrica con la ventaja sobre esta de no tener que construir una presa y con la ventaja sobre una planta termoeléctrica de no requerir tratamiento de agua para calderas. Para empezar a funcionar el aparato, ver figura 2, se requiere que el cascarón esférico metálico (1) esté milimétricamente ajustado con los soportes cóncavos triaxiales: (2), (3) y (4) y con las superficies de contacto cóncavas de los vástagos de los pistones de presión alta (6), (7) y (8). También las cámaras cilindricas de alta presión deberán estar llenas con el nivel requerido de mercurio. Para lograr lo anterior las cámaras cilindricas están provistas con líneas auxiliares para el venteo y drenaje del mercurio como se muestra en la figura 13. Las cámaras cilindricas de segunda etapa o de baja presión también deberán estar llenas de agua, ver figura 13 proveniente de un recipiente con un bajo valor de presión positiva el cual no se detalla en la figura pero que es obligatorio que esté colocado a un nivel cuando menos 4 metros por encima de la tapa del clindro de baja presión correspondiente al eje Z. Las conexiones con las cámaras cilindricas correspondientes al eje Y' no aparecen en la figura 13 pero son similares a las del eje X. Una vez cumplido lo anterior puede empezar la etapa de calentamiento del cascarón esférico metálico lo cual se logra haciendo pasar a través del cabezal de entrada de gases al aparato (19) y de las líneas distribuidoras de gas de entrada al aparato un flujo constante y a temperatura constante de gases provenientes del sistema de gases de calentamiento los cuales después de calentar al cascarón esférico metálico abandonarán al aparato a través de las dos líneas de salida de gas que se conectan al cabezal de salida de gases (20) para recircularse al sistema de gases de calentamiento. Como funcionan esta recircuiación y todo el sistema de gases de calentamiento no se describen en esta solicitud. Solo se describe lo concerniente al funcionamiento del aparato. Al aumentar la temperatura del cascarón esférico este empieza a expanderse uniformemente. El cascarón tiene instalado un sistema de medición y control de su temperatura (Ver figura 14). Al expanderse el cascarón empieza a empujar a los tres pistones de alta presión (6), (7) y (8). Once this water has released its potential energy producing electricity or other useful work, it is returned to the low pressure positive pressure vessel, so this device does not consume water and works like a hydroelectric plant with the advantage over it of not having to build a dam and with the advantage over a thermoelectric plant of not requiring water treatment for boilers. To begin operating the apparatus, see figure 2, it is required that the metallic spherical shell (1) be millimetrically adjusted with the triaxial concave supports: (2), (3) and (4) and with the concave contact surfaces of the piston rods of high pressure (6), (7) and (8). Also high-pressure cylindrical chambers should be filled with the required level of mercury. To achieve the above, the cylindrical chambers are provided with auxiliary lines for the venting and draining of the mercury as shown in figure 13. The second-stage or low-pressure cylindrical chambers must also be filled with water, see figure 13 from a container with a low positive pressure value which is not detailed in the figure but which is required to be placed at a level at least 4 meters above the cap of the low pressure cylinder corresponding to the Z axis. The connections with the cameras Cylinders corresponding to the axis Y 'do not appear in figure 13 but are similar to those of the axis X. Once the above can begin the heating stage of the metal spherical shell which is achieved by passing through the head of gas input to the apparatus (19) and of the gas distribution lines of entry to the apparatus a constant flow and constant temperature of gases coming from the system of heating gases which, after heating to the metal spherical shell, will leave the apparatus through the two gas outlet lines that are connected to the gas outlet head (20) to be recirculated to the heating gas system. How this recirculation works and the entire heating gas system are not described in this application. Only what concerns the operation of the device is described. By increasing the temperature of the spherical shell it begins to expand uniformly. The shell has a temperature measurement and control system installed (See figure 14). As the shell expands, it begins to push the three high pressure pistons (6), (7) and (8).
Estos a su vez transmitirán la presión al mercurio de las 3 cámaras de alta presión lo cual hará que se deslicen los 3 pistones de baja presión (9), (10) y (11) en las 3 cámaras de baja presión y el agua así bombeada saldrá por las 3 válvulas de check (14) instaladas en las tapas de los cilindros de baja presión hacia un recipiente con alta presión o hacia un recipiente a presión atmosférica colocado a una altura muy grande. Cuando la temperatura del cascarón esférico alcanza su temperatura de diseño caliente, el control de temperatura (ver figura 14) ordenará cerrar totalmente las 2 válvulas del sistema de gases de calentamiento (21) y simultáneamente ordenará abrir totalmente las 2 válvulas del sistema de gases de enfriamiento (22). Estas 4 válvulas son del tipo de 2 posiciones. Es decir que operarán ó toda abierta ó toda cerrada. Al cesar la expansión del cascarón cesa la presión generada y el agua que había sido bombeada tenderá a regresarse pero las 3 válvulas check (14) lo impedirán, ver figura 2 y en el caso del pistón vertical de alta presión el amortiguador de descenso empezará a funcionar como se explicó anteriormente. These in turn will transmit the pressure to the mercury of the 3 high pressure chambers which will cause the 3 low pressure pistons (9), (10) and (11) to slide in the 3 low pressure chambers and the water thus pumped out by the 3 check valves (14) installed in the caps of the low pressure cylinders to a container with high pressure or to a container at atmospheric pressure placed at a very high height. When the temperature of the spherical shell reaches its hot design temperature, the temperature control (see figure 14) will order to completely close the 2 valves of the heating gas system (21) and simultaneously order to completely open the 2 valves of the exhaust gas system. cooling (22). These 4 valves are of the 2-position type. That is, they will operate either all open or all closed. When the expansion of the shell ceases the pressure generated and the water that had been pumped will tend to return but the 3 check valves (14) will prevent it, see figure 2 and in the case of the vertical high pressure piston the descent damper will begin to work as explained above.
Una vez alineados con el aparato los gases de enfriamiento pasarán por el cabezal de entrada de gases y por las líneas distribuidoras de gas de entrada al aparato con un flujo y temperatura constantes y después de enfriar el cascarón esférico abandonarán al aparato a través de las dos líneas de salida de gas que se conectan al cabezal de salida de gases para retornar al sistema de gases de enfriamiento. Cómo funciona el sistema de gases de enfriamiento no se describe en esta solicitud, solo se describe lo concerniente al funcionamiento del aparato (ambos sistemas, el de enfriamiento y el de calentamiento son dos procesos independientes que actúan alternamente sobre el aparato y que se describirán ampliamente en otra solicitud de patente). Al empezar a funcionar la etapa de enfriamiento del cascarón esférico metálico este empieza a contraerse hasta llegar a la temperatura de diseño de enfriamiento y volver a su volumen inicial. Simultáneamente en las tres cámaras de baja presión empezará a entrar agua a través de las válvulas de check de succión, (13) ver figura (2) provenientes del recipiente con bajo valor de presión positiva la cual regresará a un mismo tiempo en los ejes X e Y'; al pistón de baja presión; al mercurio de la cámara de alta presión y al pistón de alta presión hasta sus respectivas posiciones iniciales. Es necesario coordinar la velocidad de retorno a su posición inicial del pistón de alta presión del eje Z con las velocidades de retorno a sus posiciones iniciales de los pistones de alta presión de los ejes X e Y'. Además las velocidades de retorno de los pistones de alta presión de los tres ejes deberán obligatoriamente siempre ser menores a la velocidad de contracción del cascarón esférico metálico para evitar posibles deformaciones de este último. Once aligned with the device, the cooling gases will pass through the gas inlet head and through the gas supply lines to the appliance with a constant flow and temperature and after cooling the spherical shell they will leave the appliance through the two gas outlet lines that are connected to the gas outlet head to return to the cooling gas system. How the cooling gas system works is not described in this application, only what is related to the operation of the device is described (both cooling and heating systems are two independent processes that act alternately on the device and will be described extensively in another patent application). When beginning to work the cooling stage of the metallic spherical shell this begins to contract until reaching the design temperature of cooling and return to its initial volume. Simultaneously in the three low pressure chambers water will start to enter through the suction check valves, (13) see figure (2) coming from the container with low positive pressure value which will return at the same time in the X axis and Y '; to the low pressure piston; to the mercury of the high pressure chamber and the high pressure piston to their respective initial positions. It is necessary to coordinate the return speed to its initial position of the high pressure piston of the Z axis with the return speeds to its initial positions of the high pressure pistons of the X and Y 'axes. In addition, the return velocities of the high pressure pistons of the three axes must always be lower than the contraction speed of the metallic spherical shell to avoid possible deformations of the latter.
Cuando la temperatura del cascarón esférico llega a su temperatura de enfriamiento de diseño el control de temperatura ordenará cerrar totalmente las dos válvulas del sistema de gases de enfriamiento y simultáneamente ordenará abrir en su totalidad a las 2 válvulas del sistema de gases de calentamiento y así se continuará sucesivamente la alternancia de etapas. When the temperature of the spherical shell reaches its design cooling temperature, the temperature control will order to completely close the two valves of the cooling gas system and at the same time order to open in its entirety the 2 valves of the heating gas system and thus the alternation of stages will continue successively.
Observación operativa importante: Important operational observation:
La fuerza axial de resistencia que opone el "head" o columna de agua que entra al recipiente de alta presión positiva debe ser siempre menor que la fuerza axial que genera la expansión térmica del cascarón esférico pero lo más próxima posible a esta última. Lo anterior para tratar de acercarnos a obtener las condiciones de reversibilidad en los 3 ejes ortogonales y por lo tanto la máxima eficiencia térmica del aparato. Actualmente para convertir la energía calorífica a energía mecánica el estado de la técnica utiliza la caldera de vapor la cual se caracteriza por formar parte de las máquinas térmicas cíclicas que utilizan el calor liberado por los hidrocarburos para incrementar la energía mecánica cinética del sistema vapor-agua el cual transmite solo monoaxialmente dicha energía. The axial force of resistance that opposes the "head" or water column that enters the positive high pressure vessel must always be lower than the axial force that generates the thermal expansion of the spherical shell but as close as possible to the latter. The above to try to get closer to obtain the conditions of reversibility in the 3 orthogonal axes and therefore the maximum thermal efficiency of the device. Currently to convert heat energy to mechanical energy the state of the art uses the steam boiler which is characterized by being part of the cyclic thermal machines that use the heat released by the hydrocarbons to increase the mechanical kinetic energy of the steam-water system which transmits only said energy monoaxially.
El aparato cuyas características técnicas novedosas deseo proteger se caracteriza por ser una máquina térmica no cíclica que utiliza el calor liberado por los hidrocarburos para incrementar la energía mecánica potencial del sistema aluminio metálico o cualquier otro metal o aleación el cual transmite triaxialmente dicha energía mecánica potencial. El aparato, además, amplifica simultáneamente las expansiones térmicas iniciales en cada eje. The apparatus whose innovative technical characteristics I wish to protect is characterized as a non-cyclic thermal machine that uses the heat released by the hydrocarbons to increase the potential mechanical energy of the metallic aluminum system or any other metal or alloy which triaxially transmits said potential mechanical energy. The apparatus, in addition, simultaneously amplifies the initial thermal expansions in each axis.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MXMX/A/2010/012603 | 2010-11-19 | ||
| MX2010012603A MX2010012603A (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2010-11-19 | Device for converting heat into triaxial potential mechanical work with amplification of dilations. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012067479A1 true WO2012067479A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
| WO2012067479A9 WO2012067479A9 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
Family
ID=46084244
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/MX2011/000096 Ceased WO2012067479A1 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2011-07-29 | Device for converting heat to triaxial potential mechanical work with amplification of dilations |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| MX (1) | MX2010012603A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012067479A1 (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3994132A (en) * | 1975-09-04 | 1976-11-30 | Jackson Robert E | Apparatus for converting heat energy to mechanical energy |
| GB2027814A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-02-27 | Theckston A | Method amd apparatus for abtaining work form heat engery utilising the expansion of metal |
| US4235075A (en) * | 1978-01-23 | 1980-11-25 | Erb George H | Method and apparatus for converting relatively low temperature heat energy into useful work |
| JPS58106185A (en) * | 1981-12-17 | 1983-06-24 | Katsuyoshi Egawa | Device for obtaining rotating power from thermal source |
| JPS593179A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1984-01-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Pressure generator |
| WO1997049914A1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1997-12-31 | Metex Corporation | Wax motor |
| US20030033806A1 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-20 | Bittner George E. | Apparatus and method for a heat engine field of the invention |
| US6978611B1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-12-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | MEMS closed chamber heat engine and electric generator |
| DE102005039270A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-04-06 | Seidler, Waldemar | Energy system for producing energy by attaining thermal expansion and by converting thermal expansion into work has a stable closed frame and a cylinder piston system |
-
2010
- 2010-11-19 MX MX2010012603A patent/MX2010012603A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2011
- 2011-07-29 WO PCT/MX2011/000096 patent/WO2012067479A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3994132A (en) * | 1975-09-04 | 1976-11-30 | Jackson Robert E | Apparatus for converting heat energy to mechanical energy |
| US4235075A (en) * | 1978-01-23 | 1980-11-25 | Erb George H | Method and apparatus for converting relatively low temperature heat energy into useful work |
| GB2027814A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-02-27 | Theckston A | Method amd apparatus for abtaining work form heat engery utilising the expansion of metal |
| JPS58106185A (en) * | 1981-12-17 | 1983-06-24 | Katsuyoshi Egawa | Device for obtaining rotating power from thermal source |
| JPS593179A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1984-01-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Pressure generator |
| WO1997049914A1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1997-12-31 | Metex Corporation | Wax motor |
| US20030033806A1 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-20 | Bittner George E. | Apparatus and method for a heat engine field of the invention |
| US6978611B1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-12-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | MEMS closed chamber heat engine and electric generator |
| DE102005039270A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-04-06 | Seidler, Waldemar | Energy system for producing energy by attaining thermal expansion and by converting thermal expansion into work has a stable closed frame and a cylinder piston system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2012067479A9 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
| MX2010012603A (en) | 2012-05-21 |
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