WO2012066562A2 - Smart radiation protection system for mobile device to reduce sar by forming actively tunable electromagnetic shadow on user facing direction works by sensing device proximity environment with property, position, orientation, signal quality and operating modes - Google Patents
Smart radiation protection system for mobile device to reduce sar by forming actively tunable electromagnetic shadow on user facing direction works by sensing device proximity environment with property, position, orientation, signal quality and operating modes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012066562A2 WO2012066562A2 PCT/IN2011/000763 IN2011000763W WO2012066562A2 WO 2012066562 A2 WO2012066562 A2 WO 2012066562A2 IN 2011000763 W IN2011000763 W IN 2011000763W WO 2012066562 A2 WO2012066562 A2 WO 2012066562A2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
- H01Q15/0066—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces said selective devices being reconfigurable, tunable or controllable, e.g. using switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
- H04B1/3833—Hand-held transceivers
- H04B1/3838—Arrangements for reducing RF exposure to the user, e.g. by changing the shape of the transceiver while in use
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission
- H04W52/283—Power depending on the position of the mobile
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission
- H04W52/288—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission taking into account the usage mode, e.g. hands-free, data transmission or telephone
Definitions
- the present invention is related to mobile communication and particularly to smart directional radiation protection system for wireless mobile devices to protect the user form radiation by forming actively tunable electromagnetic shadow on user facing direction that works mainly by determining or scanning the user device proximity environment also with its property & position sensing, device orientation, operating modes or usage scenarios, signal quality parameters and focus on actively varying and controlling the intensity of radiation facing the user utilising RF/Antenna system capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern thereby reducing the SAR.
- mobile phones radiate electromagnetic waves when being used.
- the antennas in these wireless devices are used for receiving and radiating transmitted signal for communication.
- These antennas are the source of radiation that are handled close against its users which leads to greater exposure and absorption of radiation by the users head and body. It is not been proved that the generally handled positions of mobile phones to be absolutely safe and is not hazardous.
- SAR Specific Absorption Rate
- the mobile device proximity environment and its property plays an important role due to electromagnetic radiations interaction with these environments.
- the radiation protection designs are not much concerned about detecting user device proximity environment or its property sensing with device orientation to manipulate the radiation pattern which plays an essential role in protecting the user form radiation as well as optimising quality of communication.
- There are some designs to reduce SAR and the main drawback with these designs that uses power regulator, power governing systems etc are it mainly focus on reducing the overall transmit power levels which in turn reduces the signal strength and the possibility of the signal to reach the base station that affects the quality of communication.
- Objective of the invention is to protect the user from mobile phone radiations and its adverse health effects simultaneously maintaining the quality of communication.
- the present invention provides a smart radiation protection system that works by active dynamic radiation pattern approach based on device proximity environment and orientation sensing with corresponding antenna system is presented. Instead of reducing the overall radiated power with other designs to reduce SAR the present invention primarily focus on multi mode dynamic radiation pattern for actively varying, controlling and reducing the intensity of radiation on direction facing the user and accordingly maintaining the radiation on other directions taking signal quality parameters into account to maintain quality of communication. In critical situations like when the signal strength is weak the present invention provides more flexibility than other designs in protecting user as well as enhancing communication by maintaining the radiations on user facing directions according to SAR compliance and standards while altering the intensity on other direction to sustain communication.
- the protection system not only controls the radiation on user facing direction to reduce SAR [E.g. During direct phone call conversation] but also restores radiation according to parameters and configuration to optimise communication [E.g. speaker mode or hands free or data transfer mode etc].
- the sensing system scans frequently or based on configurations and usage scenarios. The design can also helps in saving power by focusing the radiated power in right direction and time.
- the location sensor like proximity or contact sensor will sense the proximity of wireless mobile device to the user with its property [e.g. biological tissue sensing] and position sensing during scenarios like direct phone call conversation and trigger the processing unit.
- User head and hand hold effects can also be taken into account for computing the trigger signal.
- the processing unit manipulate the control signal based on trigger and signal quality parameters to determine how the radiation pattern has to be controlled.
- the directional transmit power controller will direct the RF/antenna system to control the radiation facing the user.
- the trigger signal is based on usage mode or scenarios like direct call mode, speaker mode or hands free or headset detection, belt pouch or clip sensor, key pad or touch screen detection, Wi-Fi or
- the processing unit will analyse the corresponding trigger signal from either one or combination of multiple components with signal quality parameters to determine the nature of the control signal to directional transmit power controller.
- the directional transmit power controller will direct the RF/antenna system accordingly to alter and control the radiation facing the user to reduce the SAR.
- the sensor system utilises orientation sensors like gyro sensor, accelerometer and similar sensors to actively sense the change in device orientation [as it changes according to usage scenarios] and accordingly align the direction of controlling and reducing of radiation facing the user with RF/antenna system.
- orientation sensors like gyro sensor, accelerometer and similar sensors to actively sense the change in device orientation [as it changes according to usage scenarios] and accordingly align the direction of controlling and reducing of radiation facing the user with RF/antenna system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the user body exposure to radiation of wireless mobile device with the dotted lines representing the controlled and reduced radiation on user facing direction as per the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the front and top view diagrams of wireless device radiation incident on user head and the dotted lines representing the controlled and reduced radiation on direction facing user head.
- FIG. 3 illustrates various mobile device usage position models.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the block diagram of portable wireless device with components of smart radiation protection system designed according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the flowchart and describes the method of operation of the smart radiation protection system for mobile device according to the present invention.
- the main aim of the smart directional radiation protection system is to achieve the optimised solution by reducing SAR simultaneously maintaining the quality of
- the system generally works in real time by varying, controlling and reducing the electromagnetic radiation on user facing direction utilising RF/antenna system 110 in accordance with the signal quality parameters.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the components of the wireless network according to the present invention consisting of Wireless Mobile device 100, User 170, Base station 190 and the radiation facing the user 180.
- wireless mobile device 100 radiate electromagnetic waves which are received by the base station 190 to connect with the backbone network.
- the antenna of the mobile device 100 radiates power widely in all direction. This leads to portion of radiation 180 facing the user 170 to be absorbed by user body which leads to lot of medical complications.
- the radiation protection system is mainly concerned about controlling and reducing the intensity of radiation 180 facing the user 170 while maintaining the radiation on other directions.
- the dotted lines in the diagram on user facing direction illustrate the controlling of radiation intensity 180 from wireless device to reduce SAR as per present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the radiation incident on user head 175 from wireless mobile device 100 with front and top view diagrams and the dotted lines representing the controlled and reduced radiation 180 on direction facing head as per the present invention while maintaining the radiations on other directions.
- FIG. 3 illustrates various mobile device usage position models. As the mobile handling position and device orientation changes according to usage the smart radiation protection system sense various device proximity usage positions with its orientations and accordingly vary the radiation pattern to reduce SAR.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram describing the working principle of smart radiation protection system and the integral components of wireless mobile device 100 as per the present invention. The block diagram gives a brief description about various integral components like antenna system 110, directional transmit power controller 120, sensor system 130, trigger signal 230, interrupt control signal 140, microprocessor 150,
- RF/transceiver system 160 etc.
- microprocessor 150 that controls the overall functions of the device.
- the microprocessor 150 handles lot of operations and the disclosed invention mainly describes about microprocessor 150 interacting with sensor system 130, trigger signal 230, interrupt control signal 140, RF/transceiver system 160, directional transmit power controller 120 etc.
- the sensor system 130 the sensor system 130
- the microprocessor 150 determines the proximity of the wireless device 100 to the user 170 utilising proximity sensor and will send the corresponding trigger signal 230 to the microprocessor 150.
- the microprocessor 150 initiate interrupt service routine based on trigger signal from sensor system 130.
- the character of trigger signal 230 and transceiver 160 signal quality parameters are utilised by the microprocessor 150 to manipulate the nature of the interrupt control signal 140 to directional transmit power or radiation controller 120.
- the directional transmit power controller 120 actively controls the radiation on required direction facing the user utilising corresponding RF/antenna system 110.
- the sensor system utilised are [e.g. proximity or contact sensor] capable of scanning or sensing the property or dielectric nature [permittivity- ⁇ ,
- Suitable proximity sensor can be utilised for the sensor system, examples are as follows but not limited to electromagnetic or electrostatic sensors, acoustic, inductive, thermal, echo, capacitive, infrared, eddy current etc.
- the sensor system 130 will determine the change in operating mode or usage scenarios of mobile device by sensing either one or more parameters comprise of direct phone call mode, speaker mode, hands free, headset detection, video call mode, bluetooth mode, belt pouch or clip sensor, key pad or touch screen detection, internet access or download mode, sensing wireless modem mode or data transfer mode, cradle or holder sensor etc and generate the trigger signal 230.
- the microprocessor 150 computes the control signal 140 to directional radiation controller 120 based on signal from either one or combination of multiple sensors and operating modes simultaneously accounting signal quality parameters from transceiver 160. Based on the interrupt control signal 140 the directional radiation controller 120 will control the RF/antenna systems 110 radiation pattern on user facing direction to protect the user.
- the trigger signal can also be based on just sensing one parameters for example in direct call mode, mostly the user will use the mobile device proximity to head and this can be taken as a parameter to control the radiations on user facing direction.
- the sensor system 130 utilises Gyro sensor, accelerometer or similar sensor to actively sense the change in orientation of the wireless mobile device 100 and accordingly control the direction and intensity of radiation on user facing direction.
- the orientation of the wireless mobile device 100 changes depends on usage scenarios for example during call conversation the user might use the device in different orientation angles and positions like while standing, sitting on a chair, laying on a bed etc, which leads to different orientation of device. So controlling the radiation on user facing direction should also align according to the orientation of the device to efficiently reduce the SAR.
- the microprocessor 150 Based on the trigger signal 230 from orientation sensors 130 and signal quality parameters from transceiver 160 the microprocessor 150 manipulate the nature of control signal 140 to directional power controller 120.
- the directional radiation controller 120 controls the RF/antenna systems radiation pattern according to the control signal 140 to protect the user from radiation.
- the use of this application is not limited to above scenarios but can also be enhanced to others scenarios and combinations not listed here provided the scenarios are within the scope of the present invention.
- High priority interrupt can be assigned for manipulating the control signal 140 if a general microprocessor is used.
- a dedicated RF processing unit can be used for the manipulation of control signal 140 to directional radiation power controller 120 or in yet another aspect the directional transmit power controller 120 itself can be used for the manipulation of the control signal 140 by taking corresponding parameters.
- the smart directional radiation protection system controls the radiation by active multimode variable or dynamic radiation pattern utilising tuneable
- metamaterials or tunable EBG antenna system 110 that provides variable response and ability to influence the interacting electromagnetic wave to determine whether the EM wave is transmitted, reflected, redirected, absorbed etc.
- tunable - metamaterials and EBG are most commonly composed of small periodic elements typically built onto circuit boards or assembled using nanofabrication techniques, whose feature size is significantly smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves they are intended to manipulate.
- the lattice structure [either one, two or three dimension] of the tuneable metamaterial and EBG is adjusted in real time, making it possible to reconfigure the structure during operation.
- the antenna design of smart directional radiation protection system works by activating different patterns of tuneable EBG and metamaterial elements that act according to configuration to actively control the radiation intensity in required direction and time. Also the antenna design uses either one or combination of following but not limited to tunable Metamaterials, tunable
- Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG), High Impedance Surface (HIS) or Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC), Negative Index Material (NIM), periodic arrays, Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS), Split-ring Resonator (SRR), Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS), Computational electromagnetic (CEM) or Electromagnetic modelling, Method of
- the system can be designed to adopt different multi band antennas with several type of feeding mechanism.
- the radiation protection system can also be designed with actively tunable electromagnetic shielding screen [E.g. fabricated with tunable metamaterial or EBG] capable of
- the plasma antennas are capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern and the advantage of these plasma antennas over mechanical antenna are that the plasma antenna are reconfigurable and can operate at high speeds and has no moving parts.
- Smart ionized gas plasma antennas use plasma physics to shape and steer the antenna radiation pattern without the need of phased arrays. Electromagnetic radiations can be steered or focused in the reflective or refractive modes using plasmas making it a unique one.
- Solid state plasma antennas also known as plasma silicon antennas
- the PSiAN is a cluster of thousands of diodes on a silicon chip that produces a tiny cloud of electrons when charged. Those tiny, dense clouds can reflect high-frequency waves like mirrors, focusing the beams tightly by selectively activating particular diodes.
- the nature of varying and controlling the intensity of radiation facing the user is based on combination of parameters like usage scenarios or operating modes, user proximity, device orientation and signal quality while limiting the maximum transmit power level as per the compliance with SAR safety guidelines.
- the change in radiation pattern is balanced and tuned in achieving between least SAR and best signal quality by also accounting received signal parameters so that the quality of communication is not compromised.
- the instructions regarding how the radiation pattern is altered are pre determined and tested.
- the design can works in conjunction with change in overall radiated power by taking signal quality parameters into account to maintain the quality of communication while limiting maximum transmit power levels according to compliance & standards. Thus the design reduces the SAR with optimised communication quality.
- the present invention provides an active dynamic radiation pattern solution that can change and adapt to various radiation pattern which provides the ability to focus the intensity of radiation in required direction and time according to scenarios to protect user from radiation.
- the phones are designed to have a major radiation pattern on the rear side or other side facing the user and minor radiation pattern on front or user facing direction to reduce SAR also providing
- the present invention provides a fine tuning and controllable radiation on the user facing direction while maintaining the radiation on other direction that works according to different usage scenarios of mobile device 100 to achieve the balancing between least SAR and best signal quality. Also when the device is not in proximity to the user like device works on speaker mode, used for data transfer or an internet modem, the system will dynamically change its radiation pattern to improve the quality of communication.
- FIG. 5 is the flowchart of the system describing the method of operation of the design according to the invention.
- the sensor system 130 determines the change in usage of the device and will accordingly generate the trigger signal 230 when usage & operating mode matches or device proximity to the user.
- the system determines the state of trigger signal to decide on further action 240.
- the system analyse the user device proximity with property, position, orientation, operating modes or usage scenarios, DOA and signal quality parameters to compute the best control signal for controlling the directional transmission of radiation to achieve least SAR 250.
- the antenna system varies and controls the directional transmission & intensity of radiation on the user facing direction to reduce the SAR 260.
- the trigger signal 230 can vary based on the wireless device proximity to user, usage mode or scenario and orientation of the mobile device. If the phone is not in proximity to the user or not matches other criteria then the wireless device will follow the standard
- transmission 270 according to preset network transmits configuration and ends with 280.
- the system helps in reducing the instantaneous and overall SAR, minimising short term and long term effect of radiations with reduced degree of radiation penetration levels thereby reducing the effect of radiation efficiently.
- This design not only helps in reducing the SAR, but also can reduce the interference with other systems like pacemaker, hearing aid etc.
- This protection can either be either automatically or manually enabled and disabled with hard or soft switch depends upon the design and usage.
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Abstract
The smart directional radiation protection system is a design and technique to protect the user form mobile device radiations by forming actively tunable electromagnetic shadow on user facing direction with dynamic radiation pattern approach manipulated by RF/Antenna system that works mainly by scanning or detecting user device proximity environment with property & position sensing, device orientation, user head & hand hold effect, signal quality parameters and operating modes while maintaining the radiations on other directions to sustain communication. The smart directional radiation protection system consist of (a) a sensor system 130 to determine the change in user proximity with its property & position sensing, device orientation, usage scenarios or operating modes and accordingly generate the trigger signal 230; (b) a processing unit for manipulation of interrupt control signal 140 according to trigger signal, antenna sensitivity, DOA and signal quality parameters; (c) An active directional transmit power or radiation controller 120 that works based on control signal; (d) Antenna system [E.g. Tunable - metamaterial or EBG or plasma antennas] 110 capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern coupled with directional transmit power controller 120 that controls the radiation on user 170 facing direction to reduce SAR and also restores radiation according to parameters and configurations to optimise communication.
Description
SMART RADIATION PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR MOBILE DEVICE TO REDUCE SAR BY FORMING ACTIVELY TUNABLE ELECTROMAGNETIC SHADOW ON USER FACING DIRECTION WORKS BY SENSING DEVICE PROXIMITY ENVIRONMENT WITH PROPERTY, POSITION, ORIENTATION, SIGNAL QUALITY AND OPERATING MODES
FILED OF INVENTION:
[001] The present invention is related to mobile communication and particularly to smart directional radiation protection system for wireless mobile devices to protect the user form radiation by forming actively tunable electromagnetic shadow on user facing direction that works mainly by determining or scanning the user device proximity environment also with its property & position sensing, device orientation, operating modes or usage scenarios, signal quality parameters and focus on actively varying and controlling the intensity of radiation facing the user utilising RF/Antenna system capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern thereby reducing the SAR.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
[002] To communicate with the network, mobile phones radiate electromagnetic waves when being used. The antennas in these wireless devices are used for receiving and radiating transmitted signal for communication. These antennas are the source of radiation that are handled close against its users which leads to greater exposure and absorption of radiation by the users head and body. It is not been proved that the generally handled positions of mobile phones to be absolutely safe and is not hazardous.
[003] Recently World Health Organization has classified mobile phone radiation as possibly carcinogenic. Cell phones have been referred to as "the biggest domestic appliance source of radiation ever invented" and this is the first time in human existence that people are wandering around with radiating devices held close to their body. In addition to cancer issue lot of other possible health concerns the radiation can leads to are electromagnetic hypersensitivity, thermal or heating effect, non thermal effect, genotoxic effect, fatigue, loss of memory, cognitive effect, sleep effect, ringing ears, effect on electro-medical devices like pacemaker & hearing aid etc. Research conducted regarding health concerns of radiation have increased, papers are published and researches are carried on regarding the long term effects of radiation and its medical , complications. An IEEE journal on Microwave Theory and Techniques shows that the penetration level of radiation is more in children's as the width of skull is less and can also have effect on baby of pregnant women's. Several studies investigating the potential health effects of radiation on brain electrical activity, joint pain, heart rate, blood pressure, immune system are under the way. Generally these researches will take long time to produce results and by that time the effect caused by the radiation can be substantial.
-i-
For example smoking causes lung cancer, tobacco usage causes mouth cancer etc are confirmed after many years of study.
[004] The mobile cell phones have become an essential part of many lives not only for communication but also to handle safety and emergency situations. It is difficult to reduce the usage of these devices as in many countries half the population use mobile phones and contrarily the usage is increasing rapidly. Regulatory Government bodies around the world have adopted international safety guidelines developed by scientific organizations governing the exposure to RF radiation and the mobile phones are designed to operate within these stringent limits. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is the measure of amount of radiation or electromagnetic energy absorbed by body when exposed to radiating devices like mobile phone and has units of watts per kilogram (W/kg). It's a difficult to build an antenna system with more filed strength for better communication and reduced SAR.
[005] The mobile device proximity environment and its property plays an important role due to electromagnetic radiations interaction with these environments. But currently the radiation protection designs are not much concerned about detecting user device proximity environment or its property sensing with device orientation to manipulate the radiation pattern which plays an essential role in protecting the user form radiation as well as optimising quality of communication. There are some designs to reduce SAR and the main drawback with these designs that uses power regulator, power governing systems etc are it mainly focus on reducing the overall transmit power levels which in turn reduces the signal strength and the possibility of the signal to reach the base station that affects the quality of communication.
OBJECTIVE OF INVENTION:
[006] Objective of the invention is to protect the user from mobile phone radiations and its adverse health effects simultaneously maintaining the quality of communication.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
[007] To address the issues with other designs and to reduce SAR, the present invention provides a smart radiation protection system that works by active dynamic radiation pattern approach based on device proximity environment and orientation sensing with corresponding antenna system is presented. Instead of reducing the overall radiated power with other designs to reduce SAR the present invention primarily focus on multi mode dynamic radiation pattern for actively varying, controlling and reducing the intensity of radiation on direction facing the user and accordingly maintaining the radiation on other directions taking signal quality parameters into account to maintain quality of communication. In critical situations like when the signal strength is weak the present invention provides more flexibility than other designs in protecting user as well as
enhancing communication by maintaining the radiations on user facing directions according to SAR compliance and standards while altering the intensity on other direction to sustain communication. The protection system not only controls the radiation on user facing direction to reduce SAR [E.g. During direct phone call conversation] but also restores radiation according to parameters and configuration to optimise communication [E.g. speaker mode or hands free or data transfer mode etc]. The sensing system scans frequently or based on configurations and usage scenarios. The design can also helps in saving power by focusing the radiated power in right direction and time.
[008] According to one aspect of present invention the location sensor like proximity or contact sensor will sense the proximity of wireless mobile device to the user with its property [e.g. biological tissue sensing] and position sensing during scenarios like direct phone call conversation and trigger the processing unit. User head and hand hold effects can also be taken into account for computing the trigger signal. The processing unit manipulate the control signal based on trigger and signal quality parameters to determine how the radiation pattern has to be controlled. According to control signal the directional transmit power controller will direct the RF/antenna system to control the radiation facing the user.
[009] According to another aspect of present invention the trigger signal is based on usage mode or scenarios like direct call mode, speaker mode or hands free or headset detection, belt pouch or clip sensor, key pad or touch screen detection, Wi-Fi or
Bluetooth mode, sensing wireless modem mode or data transfer mode, cradle or holder sensor, etc. The processing unit will analyse the corresponding trigger signal from either one or combination of multiple components with signal quality parameters to determine the nature of the control signal to directional transmit power controller. The directional transmit power controller will direct the RF/antenna system accordingly to alter and control the radiation facing the user to reduce the SAR.
[010] In yet another aspect of the present invention to further enhance the radiation protection the sensor system utilises orientation sensors like gyro sensor, accelerometer and similar sensors to actively sense the change in device orientation [as it changes according to usage scenarios] and accordingly align the direction of controlling and reducing of radiation facing the user with RF/antenna system.
BRIEG DESCRIPTION OF THE DIAGRAM:
[011] To get a comprehensive understanding of the system, diagrams are described by examples.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the user body exposure to radiation of wireless mobile device with the dotted lines representing the controlled and reduced radiation on user facing direction as per the present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates the front and top view diagrams of wireless device radiation incident on user head and the dotted lines representing the controlled and reduced radiation on direction facing user head.
FIG. 3 illustrates various mobile device usage position models.
FIG. 4 illustrates the block diagram of portable wireless device with components of smart radiation protection system designed according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates the flowchart and describes the method of operation of the smart radiation protection system for mobile device according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
[012] The main aim of the smart directional radiation protection system is to achieve the optimised solution by reducing SAR simultaneously maintaining the quality of
communication. The system generally works in real time by varying, controlling and reducing the electromagnetic radiation on user facing direction utilising RF/antenna system 110 in accordance with the signal quality parameters.
[013] FIG. 1 illustrates the components of the wireless network according to the present invention consisting of Wireless Mobile device 100, User 170, Base station 190 and the radiation facing the user 180. To communicate with the network wireless mobile device 100 radiate electromagnetic waves which are received by the base station 190 to connect with the backbone network. During this communication the antenna of the mobile device 100 radiates power widely in all direction. This leads to portion of radiation 180 facing the user 170 to be absorbed by user body which leads to lot of medical complications. The radiation protection system is mainly concerned about controlling and reducing the intensity of radiation 180 facing the user 170 while maintaining the radiation on other directions. The dotted lines in the diagram on user facing direction illustrate the controlling of radiation intensity 180 from wireless device to reduce SAR as per present invention.
[014] FIG. 2 illustrates the radiation incident on user head 175 from wireless mobile device 100 with front and top view diagrams and the dotted lines representing the controlled and reduced radiation 180 on direction facing head as per the present invention while maintaining the radiations on other directions.
[015] FIG. 3 illustrates various mobile device usage position models. As the mobile handling position and device orientation changes according to usage the smart radiation protection system sense various device proximity usage positions with its orientations and accordingly vary the radiation pattern to reduce SAR.
[016] FIG. 4 is a block diagram describing the working principle of smart radiation protection system and the integral components of wireless mobile device 100 as per the present invention. The block diagram gives a brief description about various integral components like antenna system 110, directional transmit power controller 120, sensor system 130, trigger signal 230, interrupt control signal 140, microprocessor 150,
RF/transceiver system 160 etc. In general mobile cell phones consist of microprocessor 150 that controls the overall functions of the device. The microprocessor 150 handles lot of operations and the disclosed invention mainly describes about microprocessor 150 interacting with sensor system 130, trigger signal 230, interrupt control signal 140, RF/transceiver system 160, directional transmit power controller 120 etc.
[017] According to one aspect of the present invention the sensor system 130
determines the proximity of the wireless device 100 to the user 170 utilising proximity sensor and will send the corresponding trigger signal 230 to the microprocessor 150. The microprocessor 150 initiate interrupt service routine based on trigger signal from sensor system 130. The character of trigger signal 230 and transceiver 160 signal quality parameters are utilised by the microprocessor 150 to manipulate the nature of the interrupt control signal 140 to directional transmit power or radiation controller 120.
Based on the interrupt control signal 140 the directional transmit power controller 120 actively controls the radiation on required direction facing the user utilising corresponding RF/antenna system 110. The sensor system utilised are [e.g. proximity or contact sensor] capable of scanning or sensing the property or dielectric nature [permittivity-ε,
permeability-μ, conductivity-o, susceptibility etc] of proximity environment with various biological tissues sensing also with its positions. The system can also sense the head, body and hand hold effects on radiations for the manipulation. Even one or more proximity sensors can be used by sensor system 130 to determine the proximity of device to user head and body for generating the trigger signal. Suitable proximity sensor can be utilised for the sensor system, examples are as follows but not limited to electromagnetic or electrostatic sensors, acoustic, inductive, thermal, echo, capacitive, infrared, eddy current etc. [018] According to another aspect of the present invention the sensor system 130 will determine the change in operating mode or usage scenarios of mobile device by sensing either one or more parameters comprise of direct phone call mode, speaker mode, hands free, headset detection, video call mode, bluetooth mode, belt pouch or clip sensor, key pad or touch screen detection, internet access or download mode, sensing wireless modem mode or data transfer mode, cradle or holder sensor etc and generate the trigger signal 230. The microprocessor 150 computes the control signal 140 to directional radiation controller 120 based on signal from either one or combination of multiple sensors and operating modes simultaneously accounting signal quality parameters from transceiver 160. Based on the interrupt control signal 140 the directional radiation
controller 120 will control the RF/antenna systems 110 radiation pattern on user facing direction to protect the user. In some scenarios the trigger signal can also be based on just sensing one parameters for example in direct call mode, mostly the user will use the mobile device proximity to head and this can be taken as a parameter to control the radiations on user facing direction.
[019] In yet another aspect of the present invention to further enhance the efficiency of radiation protection system in addition to other sensors the sensor system 130 utilises Gyro sensor, accelerometer or similar sensor to actively sense the change in orientation of the wireless mobile device 100 and accordingly control the direction and intensity of radiation on user facing direction. The orientation of the wireless mobile device 100 changes depends on usage scenarios for example during call conversation the user might use the device in different orientation angles and positions like while standing, sitting on a chair, laying on a bed etc, which leads to different orientation of device. So controlling the radiation on user facing direction should also align according to the orientation of the device to efficiently reduce the SAR. Based on the trigger signal 230 from orientation sensors 130 and signal quality parameters from transceiver 160 the microprocessor 150 manipulate the nature of control signal 140 to directional power controller 120. The directional radiation controller 120 controls the RF/antenna systems radiation pattern according to the control signal 140 to protect the user from radiation. The use of this application is not limited to above scenarios but can also be enhanced to others scenarios and combinations not listed here provided the scenarios are within the scope of the present invention.
[020] As the system works for the safety of the user High priority interrupt can be assigned for manipulating the control signal 140 if a general microprocessor is used. In another aspect of the present invention a dedicated RF processing unit can be used for the manipulation of control signal 140 to directional radiation power controller 120 or in yet another aspect the directional transmit power controller 120 itself can be used for the manipulation of the control signal 140 by taking corresponding parameters.
[021] The following are the RF/Antenna system designs capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern. The smart directional radiation protection system controls the radiation by active multimode variable or dynamic radiation pattern utilising tuneable
metamaterials or tunable EBG antenna system 110 that provides variable response and ability to influence the interacting electromagnetic wave to determine whether the EM wave is transmitted, reflected, redirected, absorbed etc. In general tunable - metamaterials and EBG are most commonly composed of small periodic elements typically built onto circuit boards or assembled using nanofabrication techniques, whose feature size is significantly smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves they are intended to manipulate. The lattice structure [either one, two or three dimension] of the tuneable metamaterial and EBG is adjusted in real time, making it possible to
reconfigure the structure during operation. The antenna design of smart directional radiation protection system works by activating different patterns of tuneable EBG and metamaterial elements that act according to configuration to actively control the radiation intensity in required direction and time. Also the antenna design uses either one or combination of following but not limited to tunable Metamaterials, tunable
Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG), High Impedance Surface (HIS) or Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC), Negative Index Material (NIM), periodic arrays, Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS), Split-ring Resonator (SRR), Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS), Computational electromagnetic (CEM) or Electromagnetic modelling, Method of
Moments MOM, Spatial Filtering, Finite Impulse Response (FIR), Finite-difference time- domain (FDTD), antenna arrays or diversity with RF system to achieve dynamic radiation pattern, beamforming, beam steering, spatial filtering etc. The system can be designed to adopt different multi band antennas with several type of feeding mechanism. The radiation protection system can also be designed with actively tunable electromagnetic shielding screen [E.g. fabricated with tunable metamaterial or EBG] capable of
dynamically controlling the radiations from antenna on user facing direction that works by sensing device proximity environment with property, position, orientation, signal quality and operating modes either fabricated on pcb or incorporated on device casing.
[022] The plasma antennas are capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern and the advantage of these plasma antennas over mechanical antenna are that the plasma antenna are reconfigurable and can operate at high speeds and has no moving parts. Smart ionized gas plasma antennas use plasma physics to shape and steer the antenna radiation pattern without the need of phased arrays. Electromagnetic radiations can be steered or focused in the reflective or refractive modes using plasmas making it a unique one. Solid state plasma antennas (also known as plasma silicon antennas) with steerable directional functionality that can be manufactured using standard silicon chip fabrication techniques are now also in development. The PSiAN is a cluster of thousands of diodes on a silicon chip that produces a tiny cloud of electrons when charged. Those tiny, dense clouds can reflect high-frequency waves like mirrors, focusing the beams tightly by selectively activating particular diodes. These capabilities to achieve dynamic radiation pattern can be utilised in protecting the mobile user.
[023] The nature of varying and controlling the intensity of radiation facing the user is based on combination of parameters like usage scenarios or operating modes, user proximity, device orientation and signal quality while limiting the maximum transmit power level as per the compliance with SAR safety guidelines. The change in radiation pattern is balanced and tuned in achieving between least SAR and best signal quality by also accounting received signal parameters so that the quality of communication is not compromised. The instructions regarding how the radiation pattern is altered are pre determined and tested. The design can works in conjunction with change in overall
radiated power by taking signal quality parameters into account to maintain the quality of communication while limiting maximum transmit power levels according to compliance & standards. Thus the design reduces the SAR with optimised communication quality. As the property or nature of the environment or platform plays an important role [due to radiation interaction] and vary based on the usage of mobile device, varying the dynamic radiation pattern based sensing device proximity environment with property, position, device orientation, DOA, antenna sensitivity and signal quality parameters can also helps in enhancing the signal quality.
[024] When there is a change in transmit power level of fixed radiation pattern, the change will take place with over all transmit power level according to radiation pattern. Instead of fixed radiation pattern approach the present invention provides an active dynamic radiation pattern solution that can change and adapt to various radiation pattern which provides the ability to focus the intensity of radiation in required direction and time according to scenarios to protect user from radiation. Usually the phones are designed to have a major radiation pattern on the rear side or other side facing the user and minor radiation pattern on front or user facing direction to reduce SAR also providing
communication when major radiation pattern is blocked by usage or placed on
conductive platform. So permanently reducing the intensity of radiation on user facing direction can have negative effect on quality of communication based on usage scenario; for example when the device major radiation pattern side is placed down on conductive platforms will leads to electromagnetic waves interacting with the platform which in turn can degrades the quality of communication as most of the signal intensity are blocked. The present invention provides a fine tuning and controllable radiation on the user facing direction while maintaining the radiation on other direction that works according to different usage scenarios of mobile device 100 to achieve the balancing between least SAR and best signal quality. Also when the device is not in proximity to the user like device works on speaker mode, used for data transfer or an internet modem, the system will dynamically change its radiation pattern to improve the quality of communication.
[025] FIG. 5 is the flowchart of the system describing the method of operation of the design according to the invention. By starting with 210 the sensor system 130 determines the change in usage of the device and will accordingly generate the trigger signal 230 when usage & operating mode matches or device proximity to the user. The system determines the state of trigger signal to decide on further action 240. The system analyse the user device proximity with property, position, orientation, operating modes or usage scenarios, DOA and signal quality parameters to compute the best control signal for controlling the directional transmission of radiation to achieve least SAR 250. Based on the control signal the antenna system varies and controls the directional transmission & intensity of radiation on the user facing direction to reduce the SAR 260. The trigger signal 230 can vary based on the wireless device proximity to user, usage mode or
scenario and orientation of the mobile device. If the phone is not in proximity to the user or not matches other criteria then the wireless device will follow the standard
transmission 270 according to preset network transmits configuration and ends with 280.
[026] The system helps in reducing the instantaneous and overall SAR, minimising short term and long term effect of radiations with reduced degree of radiation penetration levels thereby reducing the effect of radiation efficiently. This design not only helps in reducing the SAR, but also can reduce the interference with other systems like pacemaker, hearing aid etc. This protection can either be either automatically or manually enabled and disabled with hard or soft switch depends upon the design and usage.
[027] The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to listed scenarios described here or its combinations and the above presented are just examples. There may be other scenarios and those who skilled in field can understand and modify, enhance, alter the herein system without departing from the scope of the invention in its widest form.
Claims
1. The smart directional radiation protection system for wireless mobile device
comprise of
a) A sensor system to generate trigger signal by scanning or detecting the
change in parameters comprise of user proximity detection, proximity environment nature or property sensing, device orientation and operating modes or usage scenario of the device.
b) A processing unit for the manipulation of control signal based on trigger signal, antenna sensitivity, DOA, user head & hand hold effect and signal quality parameters.
c) Directional transmit power controller that act according to the control signal. d) Antenna system capable of achieving active dynamic radiation pattern coupled with directional transmit power controller that smartly controls the radiation on user facing direction while correspondingly maintaining the radiation on other directions to sustain communication and also restores radiation on user facing direction according to operating modes or usage scenarios & signal quality parameters to optimise communication.
e) RF/Transceiver system which is a combination of transmitter and receiver coupled with directional transmit power controller.
2. The mobile device said in claim 1 , comprise of sensor system that works based on one or combination of sensors and operating scenarios or usage modes.
a) The sensor for sensor system is selected form the group consist of proximity sensor, accelerometer, gyro sensor, belt pouch sensor, clip sensor, cradle or holster sensor.
b) The proximity or contact sensor system capable of scanning or detecting the property or dielectric nature [permittivity-ε, permeability-μ, conductivity-σ and susceptibility] of proximity environment with various biological tissues sensing also with its positions.
c) The operating modes or usage scenarios consist of direct phone call mode, speaker mode, hands free mode, headset detection, video call mode, bluetooth mode, key pad or touch screen detection, Wi-Fi mode, internet access or download mode, standby mode, sensing data transfer or wireless modem mode.
d) The sensor system can utilise either one or more proximity sensors to
determine the proximity and position of head and body of the user.
3. The mobile device of claim 1 , comprise of processing unit for manipulation of
control signal and the type of processing unit is selected from the group consisting of
a) A general purpose microprocessor can be used for the manipulation of the control signal. b) A dedicated RF signal processing unit can be used for the manipulation of the control signal.
c) The directional transmit power controller or RF/transceiver system itself can be used for the manipulation of the control signal.
4. The mobile device of claim 1 , comprise of antenna system capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern, beamforming, beam steering, spatial filtering to controlling the radiation is selected from either one or combinations consisting of a) Antenna system utilising tunable Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) fabricated antenna.
b) Antenna system utilising tunable metamaterials fabricated antennas.
c) Antenna system utilising plasma or gas antennas.
d) Antenna system that uses either one or combination of tunable - High
Impedance Surface (HIS) or Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC), Negative Index Material (NIM), periodic arrays, Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS), Split-ring Resonator (SRR), Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS),
Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) or Electromagnetic Modeling, Method of Moments [MOM], Finite Impulse Response (FIR), Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD).
e) Antenna system design comprise of one or more radiating element that
supports single band, dual band, triple band, quad band, penta band, multi band frequencies with related parameters to achieve dynamic radiation pattern. f) Antenna system that uses either internal or external antenna or combinations with various locations and feeding mechanisms.
g) Antenna system that uses antenna arrays, diversity, flexible and MIMO
antennas.
h) Antenna system consists of either common or dedicated element for
transmission and reception.
5. The processing unit said in claim 3, manipulate the control signal to achieve
dynamic radiation pattern based on trigger signal from sensor system, DOA, antenna sensitivity, sensing user head & hand hold effect, operating mode or usage scenarios and signal quality parameters.
6. The mobile device said in claim 1 , where the directional transmit power or
radiation controller works with interrupt service routine signal form processing unit to vary and control the intensity radiation on user facing direction with maximum and minimum radiation intensities as per the compliance and standards.
7. The mobile device said in claim 1 , where the radiation protection system can also be designed with actively tunable electromagnetic shielding screen capable of dynamically controlling the radiations from antenna on user facing direction that works by sensing device proximity environment with property, position, orientation, signal quality and operating modes either fabricated on pcb or incorporated on device casing.
8. The mobile device said in claim 1 , where in the radiation protection system can be used for mobile cell phone, cordless phones, walky talkie with form factor of the device selected form group consisting of bar, slate, flip, slider, swivel, flexible, watches, transparent, tablet or mixed type with one or multi SIM provision.
9. The mobile device of claim 1 , further comprise of a transceiver or RF system
circuit that transmit and receive signals. The circuitry is selected from the following group
a) Circuitry consist of combination of both transmitter or receiver
b) Circuitry consist of separate transmitter and receiver
10. The radiation protection system said in claim 1 , is either automatically or manually enabled and disabled with hard or soft or combination switchs depending upon the design.
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EP2670054A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Electromagnetic field-aware uplink power pontrol |
US20140120958A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Fujitsu Limited | Positioning device, mobile station and positioning method |
CN103905077A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-02 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | Electronic device and antenna adjusting method thereof |
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JP4199697B2 (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2008-12-17 | パナソニック株式会社 | Portable radio |
US7304976B2 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2007-12-04 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Method and apparatus for control and routing of wireless sensor networks |
CN101043234B (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2010-06-09 | 普天信息技术研究院 | Realization Method of Uplink and Downlink Power Control in Smart Antenna Simulation System |
CN101750547B (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-11-30 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Measuring system and measuring method for power contour of reader-writer antenna |
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EP2670054A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Electromagnetic field-aware uplink power pontrol |
US20140120958A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Fujitsu Limited | Positioning device, mobile station and positioning method |
US9229091B2 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2016-01-05 | Fujitsu Limited | Positioning device, mobile station and positioning method |
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CN103905077B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-06-22 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | Electronic device and its antenna adjustment method |
WO2014187904A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-27 | Pyreos Ltd. | Switch-actuating apparatus, mobile device, and method for actuating a switch by means of the presence of a heat-emitting part |
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US9857880B2 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2018-01-02 | Pyreos Ltd. | Switch operating device, mobile device and method for operating a switch by a presence of a part emitting heat |
WO2016093746A1 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-16 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Regulating antenna transmit power based on proximity of obstructing objects |
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