WO2012049770A1 - 同期機起動装置 - Google Patents
同期機起動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012049770A1 WO2012049770A1 PCT/JP2010/068178 JP2010068178W WO2012049770A1 WO 2012049770 A1 WO2012049770 A1 WO 2012049770A1 JP 2010068178 W JP2010068178 W JP 2010068178W WO 2012049770 A1 WO2012049770 A1 WO 2012049770A1
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- Prior art keywords
- position signal
- synchronous machine
- phase
- signal
- unit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
- H02P21/18—Estimation of position or speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/24—Vector control not involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/34—Arrangements for starting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a synchronous machine starting device, and more particularly to a synchronous machine starting device that detects a rotor position of the synchronous machine.
- Synchronous machine starting devices for starting synchronous machines such as generators and motors have been developed.
- a mechanical distributor that detects the position of the rotor of the synchronous machine with a proximity switch or the like is used.
- mechanical distributors are fragile and are susceptible to noise due to the large number of wires.
- Patent Document 1 a synchronous machine starting device that eliminates the need for such a mechanical distributor and filed an application as an international patent application (see International Publication No. 2010/038282 (Patent Document 1)).
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2010/038282
- the synchronous machine starting device includes a power conversion unit, an AC voltage detector, an AC current detector, a rotor position detection unit, and a power conversion control unit.
- the AC voltage detector and the AC current detector detect a three-phase AC voltage and a three-phase AC current supplied to or generated by the armature of the synchronous machine, respectively, and detect the detected value to the rotor position detection unit. Output.
- the rotor position detection unit includes a zero cross detection unit, a first PLL (Phase Locked Loop) unit, a second PLL unit, and a selection circuit.
- the zero cross detection unit performs zero cross detection of the AC voltage detected by the AC voltage detector.
- the first PLL unit outputs a position signal that is an AC signal having a predetermined frequency.
- the predetermined frequency is a frequency corresponding to a predetermined rotation speed of the rotor during standby of the synchronous machine.
- the first PLL unit adjusts the phase of the position signal based on the detection signal received from the zero cross detection unit.
- the second PLL unit is configured to estimate the rotor position of the synchronous machine by feedback calculation based on the detection values received from the AC voltage detector and the AC current detector so that the error of the induced voltage of the armature is reduced. And a position signal obtained from the calculated estimated phase is output.
- the selection circuit selects the detection signal from the zero-cross detection unit, the position signal from the first PLL unit, and the position signal from the second PLL unit in this order when the synchronous machine is started up, and selects the selected position signal. And output to the power conversion controller as a rotor position signal indicating the rotor position of the synchronous machine.
- the rated rotational speed of the synchronous machine is, for example, 3000 rpm to 3600 rpm, while the rotational speed during standby is low, for example, several rpm.
- the synchronous machine rotor keeps rotating for a while, so it does not immediately return to the standby rotational speed.
- the above synchronous machine starting device is intended to stably start the synchronous machine in the standby state, so that it cannot be restarted for a while after the synchronous machine is stopped, and returns to the rotational speed of the standby state. It is necessary to restart from.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a synchronous machine starting device capable of stably starting a synchronous machine not only in a standby state but also when the synchronous machine does not return to a rotational speed in a standby state after the synchronous machine is stopped. That is.
- the synchronous machine starting device includes a power conversion unit, an AC voltage detection unit, an AC current detection unit, a rotor position detection unit, and a power conversion control unit.
- the power converter converts the supplied power into AC power and supplies it to the armature of the synchronous machine.
- the AC voltage detector detects an AC voltage supplied to the armature of the synchronous machine or generated by the armature.
- the alternating current detection unit detects an alternating current supplied to the armature of the synchronous machine or generated by the armature.
- a rotor position detection part detects the rotor position of a synchronous machine based on the detected alternating voltage and alternating current.
- the power conversion control unit controls the power conversion unit based on the detected rotor position.
- the rotor position detection unit includes a timing detection unit, a feedback calculation unit, a frequency detection unit, and a selection circuit.
- the timing detection unit outputs a first position signal indicating the timing at which the detected AC voltage value passes a predetermined reference level.
- the feedback calculation unit calculates an error of the estimated phase based on the estimated phase indicating the rotor position, the estimated rotational speed of the rotor of the synchronous machine, and the detected AC voltage and AC current, and based on the calculated phase error
- the estimated phase and the estimated rotational speed are updated, and a second position signal indicating the updated estimated phase is output.
- the frequency detection unit is used as an initial frequency corresponding to the initial value of the estimated rotational speed, so that the first corresponding to the rotational speed of the rotor of the synchronous machine when the synchronous machine starting device is started based on the first position signal.
- the frequency of is detected.
- the selection circuit selects the first position signal or a position signal obtained based on the first position signal, and outputs the first position signal as a signal indicating the rotor position of the synchronous machine to the power conversion control unit.
- the second position signal is selected and output to the power conversion control unit as a signal indicating the rotor position of the synchronous machine.
- the rotor position detection unit further includes an initial frequency selection unit that selects one of the first frequency and the predetermined second frequency as an initial frequency.
- the second frequency is a frequency corresponding to a predetermined rotation speed of the rotor when the synchronous machine is on standby.
- the initial frequency selection unit selects the first frequency when the absolute value of the detected AC voltage is greater than or equal to a predetermined value when the synchronous machine activation device is activated.
- the initial frequency selection unit selects the second frequency when the absolute value of the detected AC voltage does not reach a predetermined value within a predetermined time when the synchronous machine starting device is started.
- the initial frequency selection unit when the initial frequency selection unit includes the initial frequency selection unit that selects the first or second frequency as described above, the initial frequency selection unit is configured such that the value of the detected AC voltage is the reference level when the synchronous machine activation device is activated.
- the first frequency is selected when the number of times that the frequency is passed within a predetermined time is equal to or greater than the predetermined number.
- the initial frequency selection unit selects the second frequency when the value of the detected AC voltage that passes the reference level within a predetermined time is less than the predetermined number when the synchronous machine starting device is started.
- the selection circuit of the first aspect described above first selects the first position signal and outputs it to the power conversion control unit, and then selects the second position signal. Output to the power conversion control unit.
- the rotor position detection part of said 1st aspect has further said initial frequency, and the alternating current signal by which the phase was adjusted so that it might synchronize with a 1st position signal
- An AC signal generation unit that outputs a third position signal.
- the selection circuit selects the first position signal, the third position signal, and the second position signal in this order and outputs them to the power conversion control unit.
- the rotor position detection part of said 1st aspect has further said initial frequency, and the alternating current signal by which the phase was adjusted so that it might synchronize with a 1st position signal
- An AC signal generation unit that outputs a third position signal.
- the selection circuit first selects and outputs the third position signal to the power conversion control unit, and then selects and outputs the second position signal to the power conversion control unit.
- the rotor position detection part of said 1st aspect has further said initial frequency, and the alternating current signal by which the phase was adjusted so that it might synchronize with a 1st position signal
- An AC signal generation unit that outputs a third position signal.
- the selection circuit first selects the first position signal to the power conversion control unit when the absolute value of the detected AC voltage is equal to or greater than a predetermined value when the synchronous machine activation device is activated. Then, the second position signal is selected and output to the power conversion control unit.
- the selection circuit when starting the synchronous machine starting device, when the absolute value of the detected AC voltage does not reach the predetermined value within the predetermined time, the first position signal, the third position signal, and the second Are selected in this order and output to the power conversion control unit.
- the rotor position detection part of said 1st aspect has further said initial frequency, and the alternating current signal by which the phase was adjusted so that it might synchronize with a 1st position signal
- An AC signal generation unit that outputs a third position signal.
- the selection circuit when the synchronous machine starting device starts up, the selection circuit first starts when the number of times the detected AC voltage value passes the reference level within a predetermined time is equal to or more than a predetermined number of times. The position signal is selected and output to the power conversion control unit, and then the second position signal is selected and output to the power conversion control unit.
- the selection circuit When the synchronous circuit activation device is activated, the selection circuit has a first position signal and a third position signal when the number of times the detected AC voltage value passes the reference level within a predetermined time is less than the predetermined number. , And the second position signal are selected in this order and output to the power conversion control unit.
- the selection circuit preferably outputs the second position signal when the number of times the detected AC voltage value passes the reference level within a predetermined time exceeds the predetermined number. select.
- the selection circuit preferably selects the second position signal when the detected absolute value of the AC voltage becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the selection circuit selects the second position signal when a predetermined time has elapsed after the absolute value of the detected AC voltage becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the selection circuit selects the third position signal when the detected absolute value of the AC voltage becomes a predetermined value or more.
- the selection circuit selects the third position signal when a predetermined time has elapsed since the absolute value of the detected AC voltage becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the rotor position detection unit further includes a switching circuit that switches whether or not to output the first position signal to the feedback calculation unit.
- the feedback calculation unit adjusts the phase of the second position signal based on the first position signal received from the switching circuit.
- the selection circuit selects the second position signal after the feedback calculation unit adjusts the phase of the second position signal based on the first position signal.
- the rotor position detection unit further includes a first switching circuit that switches whether or not to output the first position signal to the AC signal generation unit.
- the AC signal generation unit adjusts the phase of the third position signal based on the first position signal received from the first switching circuit.
- the selection circuit selects the third position signal after the AC signal generation unit adjusts the phase of the third position signal based on the first position signal.
- the rotor position detection unit further includes a second switching circuit that switches whether or not to output the third position signal to the feedback calculation unit.
- the feedback calculation unit adjusts the phase of the second position signal based on the third position signal received from the second switching circuit.
- the selection circuit selects the second position signal after the feedback calculation unit adjusts the phase of the second position signal based on the third position signal.
- the synchronous machine can be stably started not only in the standby state but also when the rotational speed of the synchronous machine is not returned after the synchronous machine is stopped.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a rotor position detection unit 11.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram conceptually showing the configuration of a PLL unit 22. It is a figure which shows the waveform of phase signal PH1 and position signal POS1 which are produced
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the phase adjustment of phase signal PH1 by the PLL part.
- 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a PLL unit 23.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram conceptually showing the configuration of a PLL circuit 34.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the control procedure by the switching control part 27 of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an integration unit in a PLL circuit 34 of a modification of the rotor position detection unit 11. It is a figure which shows the structure of the rotor position detection part which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the integration part in the PLL circuit 34 which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of the synchronous machine starting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a synchronous machine starting device 101 includes a power conversion unit 71, an AC voltage detector 8, an AC current detector 9, a rotor position detection unit 11, an inverter control unit (power conversion control unit). 19).
- the power conversion unit 71 includes a converter 1, an inverter 2, and a DC reactor 3.
- the inverter control unit 19 includes a reference sine wave calculator 12, a gate pulse generator 13, and a ⁇ command circuit 14.
- the synchronous machine 4 and the motor M are connected via an axis SH.
- the synchronous machine 4 is a synchronous generator or a synchronous motor, for example, and has an armature and a rotor.
- the motor M rotates at a predetermined speed when the synchronous machine 4 is on standby. This rotational speed is low, for example several rpm. On the other hand, the normal rotation speed is 3000 rpm to 3600 rpm. For this reason, the voltage applied to the armature of the synchronous machine 4 at the time of start-up is very small as 1/1000 of the steady state as described above, and the detection voltage by the AC voltage detector 8 is often distorted. It is difficult to detect accurately.
- the converter 1 is composed of a plurality of elements such as thyristors, and converts AC power from the AC power source e1 into DC power.
- the inverter 2 is composed of a plurality of elements such as thyristors, and drives the synchronous machine 4 by converting the DC power obtained by the converter 1 into AC power and supplying it to the armature of the synchronous machine 4.
- the converter 1 and the inverter 2 are connected via a DC reactor 3.
- the AC side of the inverter 2 is connected to the armature of the synchronous machine 4.
- the AC voltage detector 8 detects a three-phase AC voltage (hereinafter referred to as an armature voltage) supplied to the armature of the synchronous machine 4 or generated by the armature, and detects the voltage detection values V1, V2, and V3. Output to the rotor position detector 11.
- an armature voltage a three-phase AC voltage supplied to the armature of the synchronous machine 4 or generated by the armature
- the AC current detector 9 detects a three-phase AC current (hereinafter referred to as an armature current) supplied to the armature of the synchronous machine 4 and sends the current detection values I1, I2, and I3 to the rotor position detection unit 11. Output.
- an armature current a three-phase AC current supplied to the armature of the synchronous machine 4
- the rotor position detector 11 detects the rotor position (phase) of the synchronous machine 4 based on the detection values received from the AC voltage detector 8 and the AC current detector 9, and the rotor position of the synchronous machine 4. Is output to the inverter control unit 19.
- the inverter control unit 19 controls the inverter 2 based on the rotor position signal POS received from the rotor position detection unit 11.
- the reference sine wave calculator 12 outputs a reference sine wave sin ⁇ based on the position signal POS received from the rotor position detection unit 11.
- the ⁇ command circuit 14 calculates the control advance angle command value ⁇ and outputs it to the gate pulse generator 13.
- Gate pulse generator 13 outputs a gate pulse to each element in inverter 2 based on reference sine wave sin ⁇ received from reference sine wave calculator 12 and control advance angle command value ⁇ received from ⁇ command circuit 14. To do.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the rotor position detection unit 11.
- the rotor position detection unit 11 includes a zero-cross detection unit (timing detection unit) 21, a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) unit (AC signal generation unit) 22, and a PLL unit (feedback calculation unit) 23.
- the selection circuit SEL includes switching circuits SW1 and SW2.
- the zero-cross detection unit 21 performs zero-cross detection of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 based on the voltage detection values V1, V2, V3 received from the AC voltage detector 8. That is, the zero cross detection unit 21 detects a timing at which the value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 passes substantially zero volts as a reference level, and outputs a detection signal ZDET indicating the detected timing. Further, the zero cross detector 21 outputs a detection signal SET indicating the phase of the rotor of the synchronous machine 4 estimated from the detection signal ZDET.
- the switching circuit SW3 switches whether or not to output the detection signal SET received from the zero cross detection unit 21 to the PLL unit 22. Switching of the switching circuit SW3 is controlled by a control signal CTL2 output from the switching control unit 27.
- the frequency detector 24 detects the frequency F1 corresponding to the rotational speed of the rotor of the synchronous machine 4 based on the detection signal SET received from the zero cross detector 21 when the synchronous machine starting device is started.
- the frequency F1 can be obtained as the reciprocal of the zero cross period of each phase.
- the frequency storage unit 25 stores a preset frequency F2.
- the frequency F2 is a frequency corresponding to a predetermined rotational speed of the rotor when the synchronous machine 4 is on standby.
- the switching circuit SW8 selects one of the frequency F1 detected by the frequency detection unit 24 and the frequency F2 stored in the frequency storage unit 25, and inputs the selected frequency to the PLL units 22 and 23 as the initial frequency FI. Selection of the frequency F1 or F2 by the switching circuit SW8 is controlled by a control signal CTL3 output from the switching control unit 27.
- the PLL unit 22 outputs a position signal POS1 that is an AC signal having an initial frequency FI input from the switching circuit SW8.
- the PLL unit 22 adjusts the phase of the position signal POS1 based on the detection signal SET received from the switching circuit SW3.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram conceptually showing the configuration of the PLL unit 22.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating waveforms of the phase signal PH1 and the position signal POS1 generated by the PLL unit 22.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the phase adjustment of the phase signal PH1 by the PLL unit 22.
- the PLL unit 22 includes an integrator INT and a position signal generator PGEN.
- the integrator INT integrates a value corresponding to the initial frequency FI input from the switching circuit SW8, converts it to a phase ⁇ , and outputs it as a phase signal PH1.
- the integrator INT resets to 0 ° when the phase ⁇ reaches 360 °. That is, the phase signal PH1 is an AC signal whose value changes from 0 ° to 360 °.
- the integrator INT corrects the phase ⁇ based on an angle such as 30 °, 90 °, 150 °, or the like indicated by the detection signal SET received from the zero-cross detection unit 21.
- the position signal generator PGEN generates the position signal POS1 based on the phase indicated by the phase signal PH1 received from the integrator INT. As shown in FIG. 4, for example, the position signal generator PGEN converts the phase signal PH1 into a pulse-like AC signal similar to that of the conventional mechanical distributor and outputs it as the position signal POS1. More specifically, for example, in the position signal POS1, the logic level rises from the low level to the high level when the phase indicated by the phase signal PH1 changes from 360 ° to 0 °, and the phase indicated by the phase signal PH1 changes to 180 °. When transitioning, the logic level falls from the high level to the low level.
- the phase ⁇ starts to increase at an arbitrary timing at first.
- the phase ⁇ is adjusted by receiving the detection signal SET and is synchronized with the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4, that is, the phases are matched. become.
- the PLL unit 23 determines the estimated phase indicating the rotor position of the synchronous machine 4 (that is, a phase signal PH2 described later), the estimated rotational speed of the synchronous machine 4 rotor, and the AC voltage detector 8.
- the estimated phase error is calculated based on the received voltage detection values V1, V2, V3 and the current detection values I1, I2, I3 received from the AC current detector 9, and the estimated phase and the estimated phase are calculated based on the calculated phase error.
- Update the estimated rotation speed The PLL unit 23 outputs a position signal POS2 obtained from the updated estimated phase, and the updated estimated phase and the updated estimated rotational speed, and the voltage detection values V1 and V2 newly received from the AC voltage detector 8. , V3 and the current detection values I1, I2, and I3 newly received from the AC current detector 9, a feedback calculation for newly calculating an estimated phase error is performed.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the PLL unit 23.
- PLL unit 23 includes three-phase to two-phase conversion circuits 31 and 32, an induced voltage calculation circuit 33, a PLL circuit 34, and a position signal generator 35.
- the three-phase to two-phase conversion circuit 31 performs three-phase to two-phase conversion (dq conversion) on the voltage detection values V1, V2, and V3 received from the AC voltage detector 8 based on the reference phase ⁇ .
- the three-phase to two-phase conversion circuit 32 performs three-phase to two-phase conversion (dq conversion) on the current detection values I1, I2, and I3 received from the AC current detector 9 based on the reference phase ⁇ .
- the induced voltage calculation circuit 33 is based on the voltage values Vd and Vq converted by the three-phase two-phase conversion circuit 31 and the current values Id and Iq converted by the three-phase two-phase conversion circuit 32, and the armature of the synchronous machine 4 Calculate the induced voltage induced by.
- the three-phase two-phase conversion circuits 31 and 32 are given an initial value of the reference phase ⁇ when the synchronous machine starting device 101 is started, and coordinate conversion is performed. To do.
- the induced voltage calculation circuit 33 generates a d-axis (in-phase component) -q-axis of the synchronous machine 4 based on the voltage value and current value on the dq-axis converted by the three-phase / two-phase conversion circuits 31 and 32. Calculate the induced voltage of the armature on the orthogonal component.
- the rotational speed ⁇ is required, but since there is no position sensor, switching is performed as the initial frequency corresponding to the initial value of the rotational speed ⁇ of the synchronous machine 4 when the synchronous machine starting device 101 is started.
- the frequency FI selected by the circuit SW8 is given to the induced voltage calculation circuit 33.
- the PLL circuit 34 calculates the rotational speed ⁇ that causes the q-axis component Zq of the induced voltage to become zero, that is, the estimated rotational speed of the rotor of the synchronous machine 4, and the reference phase ⁇ , that is, the estimated phase of the rotor of the synchronous machine 4. To do.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram conceptually showing the configuration of the PLL circuit 34.
- PLL circuit 34 includes a PI controller 36 and an integrator INT.
- the PI controller 36 performs a proportional calculation and an integral calculation on the q-axis component Zq of the induced voltage output from the induced voltage calculation circuit 33 in FIG. 6, and outputs the sum of the proportional calculation result and the integral calculation result.
- the signal output from the PI controller 36 is the estimated rotational speed ⁇ of the rotor of the synchronous machine 4.
- the integrator INT integrates the estimated rotational speed ⁇ output from the PI controller 36 and converts it to a phase ⁇ .
- the integrator INT resets the value of the phase ⁇ to 0 ° when the phase ⁇ reaches 360 °. That is, in FIG. 7, the phase signal PH2 output from the integrator 70 including the integrator INT is an AC signal whose value changes from 0 ° to 360 °. The phase signal PH2 becomes the reference phase ⁇ of the rotor.
- the reference phase ⁇ calculated by the PLL circuit 34 is fed back to the three-phase / two-phase conversion circuits 31 and 32 and output to the position signal generator 35. Then, the position signal generator 35 outputs a position signal POS2 having a pulse waveform similar to that of the mechanical distributor to the selection circuit SEL. Thereafter, the three-phase / two-phase conversion circuits 31 and 32 perform the three-phase / two-phase conversion based on the reference phase ⁇ from the PLL circuit 34.
- the rotation speed ⁇ calculated by the PLL circuit 34 is given to the induced voltage calculation circuit 33. Thereafter, the induced voltage calculation circuit 33 calculates the induced voltage (in-phase component) Zd and the induced voltage (orthogonal component) Zq based on the rotational speed ⁇ from the PLL circuit 34.
- the PLL circuit 34 is configured to calculate the rotational speed ⁇ and the reference phase ⁇ based only on the q-axis component Zq of the induced voltage.
- the PLL circuit 34 may be configured to calculate the rotation speed ⁇ and the reference phase ⁇ based on the q-axis component Zq and the d-axis component Zd. With such a configuration, more accurate calculation is possible.
- the selection circuit SEL selects any one of the detection signal ZDET, the position signal POS1 and the position signal POS2, and performs inverter control as a rotor position signal POS indicating the rotor position of the synchronous machine 4.
- the control signal CTL1 output from the switching control unit 27.
- the switching control unit 27 mainly controls the selection circuit SEL, the switching circuit SW3, and the switching circuit SW8 based on the amplitude of the armature voltage detected by the AC voltage detector 8. Then, the switching control unit 27 outputs control signals CTL1, CTL2, and CTL3 for controlling them to the selection circuit SEL, the switching circuit SW3, and the switching circuit SW8, respectively.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a control procedure by the switching control unit 27 of FIG. 2 and 8, when the synchronous machine starting device is started and the synchronous machine 4 is excited, an AC voltage corresponding to the current rotational speed of the rotor is applied to the armature winding of the synchronous machine 4. appear.
- the switching control unit 27 controls the selection circuit SEL so that the detection signal ZDET from the zero cross detection unit 21 is output as the rotor position signal POS (step S1). Further, the switching control unit 27 turns on the switching circuit SW3 (step S2).
- the switching control unit 27 determines whether or not the amplitude AMP of the armature voltage when starting the synchronous machine starting device is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference value R1.
- the switching control unit 27 switches the switching circuit SW8 so that the frequency F1 detected by the frequency detection unit 24 is output as the initial frequency FI. Is controlled (step S5).
- Whether the amplitude AMP is greater than or equal to the reference value R1 can be determined when the absolute value of the armature voltage reaches the reference value R1.
- the PLL unit 22 outputs a position signal POS1 having a frequency and phase substantially equal to the detection signal ZDET output from the zero cross detection unit 21.
- step S5 differs depending on whether the amplitude AMP of the armature voltage is greater than or equal to the reference value R2 (R2 is set to a value larger than R1).
- R2 is set to a value larger than R1.
- the switching control unit 27 outputs the position signal POS1 output from the PLL unit 22 immediately before the inverter 2 in FIG.
- the position signal POS1 selected by the selection circuit SEL is output as the rotor position signal POS (step S7). Further, the switching control unit 27 turns off the switching circuit SW3 (step S8).
- the switching control unit 27 selects and outputs the position signal POS2 output from the PLL unit 23 as the rotor position signal POS by the selection circuit SEL after starting the inverter 2 (step S9).
- the switching control unit 27 selects the selection circuit.
- the position signal POS2 output from the PLL unit 23 is selected as the rotor position signal POS (step S9).
- step S4 If the amplitude AMP of the armature voltage is less than the reference value R1 in step S3 (NO in step S3), the synchronous machine starting device is reset (step S4), and the synchronous machine is started from the initial state (turning operation).
- the A specific procedure is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a procedure for starting the synchronous machine from the initial state.
- the armature voltage detected by the AC voltage detector 8 of FIG. 2 is a considerably small value and includes an offset. Therefore, since it is difficult for the frequency detector 24 to detect the frequency F1 corresponding to the rotational speed of the rotor, the predetermined frequency F2 is used as the initial frequency FI.
- the switching control unit 27 controls the selection circuit SEL so that the detection signal ZDET from the zero cross detection unit 21 is output as the rotor position signal POS (step S1). . Further, the switching control unit 27 turns on the switching circuit SW3 (step S2) and controls the switching circuit SW8 so that the predetermined frequency F2 is output as the initial frequency FI (step S5A). As a result, the PLL unit 22 outputs a position signal POS1 having substantially the same frequency and phase as the detection signal ZDET output from the zero-cross detection unit 21. Thereafter, immediately before the inverter 2 of FIG.
- the switching control unit 27 selects and outputs the position signal POS1 output from the PLL unit 22 as the rotor position signal POS by the selection circuit SEL (step S7). . Further, the switching control unit 27 turns off the switching circuit SW3 (step S8). As a result, the PLL unit 22 is in a free-running state without being affected by the zero-crossing detection unit 21, so that the influence of switching noise immediately after the start of the inverter 2 can be avoided.
- the switching control unit 27 selects and outputs the position signal POS2 output from the PLL unit 23 as the rotor position signal POS by the selection circuit SEL after starting the inverter 2 (step S9).
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a modification of the control procedure of FIG. In steps S3 and S6 in FIG. 8, control is performed based on the amplitude AMP of the armature voltage, but in steps S3A and S6A in FIG. 10, control is performed based on the number of zero crossings within a predetermined time. That is, in step S3A in FIG. 10, the switching control unit 27 determines whether or not the number of zero crosses within a predetermined time is equal to or greater than the predetermined reference number N1 based on the detection signal ZDET of the zero cross detection unit 21. If the number of zero crossings within the predetermined time is greater than or equal to the reference number N1, the process proceeds to step S5. If less than the reference number N1, the process proceeds to step S4.
- step S6A of FIG. 10 the switching control unit 27 determines whether or not the number of zero crossings within a predetermined time is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference number N2 (N2 is set to a value larger than N1). If the number of zero crossings within the predetermined time is greater than or equal to the reference number N2, the process proceeds to step S9. If less than the reference number N1, the process proceeds to step S7. Since the other points of FIG. 10 are the same as those of FIG. 8, the same or corresponding steps are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.
- FIG. 11 is a time chart showing the operation of the rotor position detector.
- the control procedure of FIGS. 8 and 9 will be further described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 11.
- the amplitude AMP of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 is smaller than the reference value R2.
- the selection circuit SEL selects the detection signal ZDET from the zero-cross detection unit 21 in accordance with the control signal CTL1 before the inverter 2 is started (that is, during the turning operation during standby or during inertial rotation immediately after the synchronous machine is stopped). (Step S1 in FIGS. 8 and 9). That is, the detection signal ZDET is output to the reference sine wave calculator 12 as the rotor position signal POS.
- the switching circuit SW3 in FIG. 2 is turned on (step S2 in FIGS. 8 and 9), and the frequency F1 or F2 is selected by the switching circuit SW8 (step S5 in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9).
- Step S5A The PLL unit 22 receives the detection signal SET from the zero cross detection unit 21, synchronizes with the zero cross detection unit 21, and outputs a position signal POS ⁇ b> 1 whose frequency and phase are substantially equal to the detection signal ZDET from the zero cross detection unit 21.
- the selection circuit SEL selects the position signal POS1 from the PLL unit 22 according to the control signal CTL1 (step S7 in FIGS. 8 and 9). That is, the position signal POS1 is output to the reference sine wave calculator 12 as the rotor position signal POS.
- the switching circuit SW3 is turned off in accordance with the control signal CTL2 (step S8 in FIGS. 8 and 9), so that the PLL unit 22 is not affected by the zero cross detection unit 21 and is in a free-running state.
- the zero cross detector 21 when the synchronous machine 4 is started, particularly when the rotor is rotating at a very low speed during the turning operation, the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 is very small. For this reason, immediately after the start of the inverter 2, the zero cross detector 21 is easily affected by the switching noise of the inverter 2. That is, the zero cross detection unit 21 erroneously detects the zero cross point and outputs an erroneous detection signal ZDET as indicated by NZ in FIG.
- the position signal POS1 from the PLL unit 22 is selected at the timing T1 and the PLL unit 22 is in a free-running state, so that the inverter 2 The influence of switching noise can be prevented.
- the switching circuit SW3 is turned on to synchronize the PLL unit 22 and the zero-cross detection unit 21, so that the position signal POS1 and the phase of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 in the self-running state are substantially matched. be able to.
- the selection circuit SEL may be configured to select the position signal POS1 from the PLL unit 22 at the timing T1 when the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 is greater than a predetermined value. Good.
- the PLL unit 22 synchronizes with the zero cross detecting unit 21 in a state where the amplitude of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 is large enough to perform the zero cross detection. Can be taken.
- the selection circuit SEL is configured to select the position signal POS1 from the PLL unit 22 at a timing T1 when a predetermined time has elapsed after the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 exceeds the predetermined value. May be.
- the predetermined time is set such that zero cross detection can be accurately performed. Thereby, the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 can be detected more accurately.
- the selection circuit SEL selects the position signal POS2 from the PLL unit 23 according to the control signal CTL1 (step S9 in FIGS. 8 and 9). ). That is, the position signal POS2 is output to the reference sine wave calculator 12 as the rotor position signal POS.
- the amplitude of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 becomes larger than that at the time of activation, so that the influence of the switching noise of the inverter 2 is almost eliminated, and the synchronous machine
- the rotor position can be estimated more accurately by using the armature voltage and the armature current of 4, and the synchronous machine 4 can be rotated stably.
- the selection circuit SEL sets the timing T3 when the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 exceeds a predetermined value after the timing T2 when the inverter 2 is activated.
- the configuration may be such that the position signal POS2 is selected.
- the selection circuit SEL sets a timing T3 when a predetermined time elapses after the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 exceeds a predetermined value after the timing T2 when the inverter 2 is activated, and a position signal from the PLL unit 23 It may be configured to select POS2.
- the selection circuit SEL may, when the number of zero crosses within a predetermined time obtained by the zero cross detection unit 21 exceeds a predetermined number after the timing T2 when the inverter 2 is activated (that is, the current rotational speed of the synchronous machine). (When the frequency corresponding to 1 exceeds a predetermined frequency) may be the timing T3, and the position signal POS2 from the PLL unit 23 may be selected.
- the function of the rotor position detecting unit 11 is realized by software, for example, by incorporating the function of the rotor position detecting unit 11 into a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) that performs various controls in the synchronous machine starting device 101, for example. Cost can be reduced.
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- the rotor position detection unit 11 is configured to include the zero-cross detection unit 21, the PLL unit 22, and the PLL unit 23. It is not limited to. Even if the rotor position detection unit 11 does not include the PLL unit 22, that is, when the synchronous machine 4 is activated, the detection signal ZDET from the zero-cross detection unit 21 and the PLL unit 23 are used as the rotor position signal POS. Even in the configuration in which the position signal POS2 is selected in this order, the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 can be detected with high accuracy at the time of startup, so that the synchronous machine 4 can be started stably. .
- the timing T3 is after the timing T2 when the predetermined time has elapsed from the timing T2, and the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 is the predetermined value. Can be set at any time after timing T2 and when a predetermined time has elapsed since the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 exceeded the predetermined value.
- the timing T3 is after the timing T2, and when the number of zero crosses within a predetermined time obtained by the zero cross detection unit 21 exceeds a predetermined number (that is, the frequency corresponding to the current rotational speed of the synchronous machine is a predetermined frequency). Can also be set.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a modified example of the rotor position detection unit 11.
- the rotor position detection unit 81 includes a zero cross detection unit (timing detection unit) 21, a PLL unit (AC signal generation unit) 22, a PLL unit (feedback calculation unit) 23, and a frequency detection unit. 24, a frequency storage unit 25, a switching control unit 27, a selection circuit SEL, a switching circuit SW3, and a switching circuit (initial frequency selection unit) SW8.
- the selection circuit SEL includes switching circuits SW1 and SW2.
- the selection circuit SEL omits the position signal POS1 from the PLL unit 22, and directly switches the detection signal ZDET from the zero cross detection unit 21 to the position signal POS2 from the PLL unit 23 (step S9 in FIG. 8). .
- the switching circuit SW3 in FIG. 12 switches whether or not to output the detection signal SET received from the zero-cross detection unit 21 to the PLL units 22 and 23.
- the PLL unit 23 adjusts the phase of the position signal POS2 based on the detection signal SET received from the switching circuit SW3.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the integration unit 72 in the PLL circuit 34 according to a modification of the rotor position detection unit 11.
- the PLL circuit 34 includes an integration unit 72 instead of the integration unit 70 of FIG.
- the integrating unit 72 has the same configuration as the PLL unit 22 shown in FIG. That is, the integrator INT integrates the rotational speed ⁇ calculated by the PI controller 36 of FIG. 7 to convert it into the phase ⁇ , and outputs it as the reference phase ⁇ , that is, the phase signal PH2.
- the integrator INT resets to 0 ° when the phase ⁇ reaches 360 °.
- the integrator INT corrects the phase ⁇ based on an angle such as 30 °, 90 °, 150 °, or the like indicated by the detection signal SET received from the zero-cross detection unit 21.
- the integrator 72 starts increasing the phase ⁇ at an arbitrary timing at first, but receives the detection signal SET, adjusts the phase ⁇ , and synchronizes with the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4, that is, matches the phase. become.
- the selection circuit SEL selects the detection signal ZDET, and then selects the position signal POS2 after the PLL unit 23 adjusts the phase of the position signal POS2 based on the detection signal SET.
- the rotor position detection unit 81 can synchronize the position signal POS2 early to the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 after switching from the detection signal ZDET to the position signal POS2. it can.
- the power conversion unit 71 is configured to include the converter 1, the inverter 2, and the DC reactor 3.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Absent.
- the power conversion unit 71 may include a circuit such as a matrix converter that converts the supplied power into AC power and supplies it to the armature of the synchronous machine 4 instead of the converter 1, the inverter 2, and the DC reactor 3. That's fine.
- the present embodiment relates to a synchronous machine starting device in which the function for adjusting the initial phase of the position signal POS2 is changed as compared with the synchronous machine starting device according to the first embodiment.
- the contents other than those described below are the same as those of the synchronous machine starting device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a rotor position detection unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the rotor position detector 82 further includes a switching circuit SW4 as compared with the rotor position detector 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the switching circuit SW4 switches whether or not to output the phase signal PH1 received from the PLL unit 22 to the PLL unit 23.
- the PLL unit 23 adjusts the phase of the position signal POS2 based on the phase signal PH1 received from the switching circuit SW4.
- the selection circuit SEL selects the position signal POS1 in accordance with the control signal CTL1, and then selects the position signal POS2 after the PLL unit 23 adjusts the phase of the position signal POS2 based on the phase signal PH1.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration of an integrating unit in the PLL circuit 34 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the PLL circuit 34 includes an integration unit 73 instead of the integration unit 70 of FIG. Integration unit 73 has the same configuration as PLL unit 22 shown in FIG. That is, the integrator INT integrates the rotational speed ⁇ calculated by the PI controller 36 of FIG. 7 to convert it into the phase ⁇ , and outputs it as the reference phase ⁇ , that is, the phase signal PH2.
- the integrator INT resets to 0 ° when the phase ⁇ reaches 360 °. Further, integrator INT corrects phase ⁇ based on the angle indicated by phase signal PH1 received from PLL unit 22.
- the integrator 73 starts increasing the phase ⁇ at an arbitrary timing at first, but receives the phase signal PH1 and adjusts the phase ⁇ so as to synchronize with the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4, that is, to match the phases. become.
- the phase signal PH2 is generated based on the voltage detection values V1, V2, V3 received from the AC voltage detector 8 and the current detection values I1, I2, I3 received from the AC current detector 9.
- the selection by the selection circuit SEL is switched from the position signal POS1 to the position signal POS2. Since this timing T3 is in a transition period until the amplitude of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 becomes sufficiently large, when the integrating unit 73 is operated at an arbitrary timing, the position signal POS2 is added to the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4. May take some time to synchronize.
- the initial position value of the phase signal PH2 is adjusted to the phase signal PH1, thereby estimating the rotor position of the synchronous machine 4 by the PLL unit 23. 4 can be started from a phase that approximately matches the armature voltage of 4. That is, after switching from the position signal POS1 to the position signal POS2, the position signal POS2 can be synchronized with the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 at an early stage.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a modification of the integrating unit in the synchronous machine starting device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the integration unit 74 includes an integrator INT and switching circuits SW5, SW6, SW7.
- the integration unit 74 is shared by the PLL units 22 and 23.
- the switching circuit SW6 switches whether or not the detection signal SET received from the zero cross detection unit 21 is supplied to the integrator INT.
- the switching circuit SW7 switches whether to output the phase ⁇ from the integrator INT to the position signal generator as the phase signal PH1 or to the position signal generator as the phase signal PH2.
- the integrating unit 74 has the same configuration as the PLL unit 22 shown in FIG. That is, the integrator INT integrates the frequency FI or the rotational speed ⁇ given from the switching circuit SW5, converts it to the phase ⁇ , and outputs it. The integrator INT resets to 0 ° when the phase ⁇ reaches 360 °. Furthermore, the integrator INT corrects the phase ⁇ based on an angle such as 30 °, 90 °, 150 °, or the like indicated by the detection signal SET received from the zero-cross detection unit 21.
- the increase in the phase ⁇ is started from an arbitrary initial phase at first, but the phase ⁇ is adjusted by receiving the detection signal SET, and is synchronized with the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4, that is, the phases match. It becomes like this.
- the operation of the integration unit 74 will be described.
- the selection circuit SEL selects the position signal POS1 from the PLL unit 22 in accordance with the control signal CTL1
- the switching circuits SW5, SW6, SW7 are switched to the terminal a side. That is, the switching circuit SW5 gives the frequency FI to the integrator INT, the switching circuit SW6 gives the detection signal SET received from the zero cross detector 21 to the integrator INT, and the switching circuit SW7 uses the phase ⁇ from the integrator INT as a phase signal. Output to the position signal generator as PH1.
- the switching circuits SW5 and SW7 are switched to the terminal b side, and the switching circuit SW6 is opened. That is, the switching circuit SW5 gives the rotational speed ⁇ calculated by the PI controller 36 to the integrator INT, and the switching circuit SW6 does not give the detection signal SET received from the zero cross detector 21 to the integrator INT.
- SW7 outputs the phase ⁇ from the integrator INT to the position signal generator as the phase signal PH2.
- the integration units in the PLL units 22 and 23 can be shared, so that the size can be reduced.
- the integrator INT may perform the integration operation by taking over the integration result immediately before the timing T3 when the selection by the selection circuit SEL is switched from the position signal POS1 to the position signal POS2. With such a configuration, the circuit configuration can be simplified.
- the present embodiment relates to a synchronous machine starting device configured such that the detection signal ZDET is not selected as the rotor position signal POS compared to the synchronous machine starting device according to the first embodiment.
- the contents other than those described below are the same as those of the synchronous machine starting device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a rotor position detection unit according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the rotor position detection unit 83 has a configuration in which the selection circuit SEL does not include the switching circuit SW1 as compared with the rotor position detection unit 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the selection circuit SEL selects one of the position signal POS1 and the position signal POS2 and outputs it to the inverter control unit 19 as a rotor position signal POS indicating the rotor position of the synchronous machine 4.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a control procedure by the switching control unit 27 of FIG. Referring to FIGS. 17 and 18, when the synchronous machine starting device is started and the synchronous machine 4 is excited, a voltage corresponding to the current rotational speed of the rotor is generated in the armature winding of the synchronous machine 4. To do.
- the switching control unit 27 turns on the switching circuit SW3 (step S2).
- the switching control unit 27 determines whether or not the amplitude AMP of the armature voltage when starting the synchronous machine starting device is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference value R1.
- the switching control unit 27 switches the switching circuit so that the frequency F1 detected by the frequency detection unit 24 is output as the initial frequency FI. SW8 is controlled (step S5).
- the PLL unit 22 outputs a position signal POS1 having a frequency and phase substantially equal to the detection signal ZDET output from the zero cross detection unit 21.
- the switching control unit 27 causes the selection circuit SEL to output the position signal POS1 output from the PLL unit 22 as the rotor position signal POS (step S7). Further, the switching control unit 27 turns off the switching circuit SW3 (step S8). As a result, the PLL unit 22 is in a self-running state without being affected by the zero cross detection unit 21. The switching control unit 27 causes the selection circuit SEL to output the position signal POS2 output from the PLL unit 23 as the rotor position signal POS after the inverter 2 is started (step S9).
- step S3 that is, if the amplitude AMP of the armature voltage is less than the reference value R1
- the synchronous machine starting device is reset (step S4), and the synchronous machine starts from the initial state (turning operation). It is activated.
- a specific procedure is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a procedure for starting the synchronous machine from the initial state.
- switching control unit 27 turns on switching circuit SW3 (step S2), and switching circuit SW8 so that predetermined frequency F2 is output as initial frequency FI. Is controlled (step S5A).
- the PLL unit 22 outputs a position signal POS1 having substantially the same frequency and phase as the detection signal ZDET output from the zero-cross detection unit 21.
- the switching control unit 27 selects and outputs the position signal POS1 output from the PLL unit 22 as the rotor position signal POS by the selection circuit SEL (step S7). .
- the switching control unit 27 turns off the switching circuit SW3 (step S8).
- the PLL unit 22 is in a free-running state without being affected by the zero-crossing detection unit 21, so that the influence of switching noise immediately after the start of the inverter 2 can be avoided.
- the switching control unit 27 selects and outputs the position signal POS2 output from the PLL unit 23 as the rotor position signal POS by the selection circuit SEL after starting the inverter 2 (step S9).
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a modification of the control procedure of FIG. In step S3 in FIG. 18, control is performed based on the amplitude AMP of the armature voltage, but in step S3A in FIG. 20, control is performed based on the number of zero crossings within a predetermined time. That is, in step S3A of FIG. 20, the switching control unit 27 determines whether or not the number of zero crosses within a predetermined time is equal to or greater than the predetermined reference number N1 based on the detection signal ZDET of the zero cross detection unit 21. If the number of zero crossings within the predetermined time is greater than or equal to the reference number N1, the process proceeds to step S5. If less than the reference number N1, the process proceeds to step S4. 20 are the same as those in FIG. 18, the same or corresponding steps are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.
- the selection circuit SEL Before the inverter 2 is activated (that is, during a turning operation during standby or during inertial rotation immediately after the synchronous machine stops), the selection circuit SEL first selects the position signal POS1 from the PLL unit 22 in accordance with the control signal CTL1 ( Step S7 in FIGS. 18 and 19). That is, the position signal POS1 is output to the reference sine wave calculator 12 as the rotor position signal POS.
- the switching circuit SW3 is turned on (step S2 in FIGS. 18 and 19), and the frequency F1 or F2 is selected by the switching circuit SW8 (step S5 in FIG. 18 and step 5A in FIG. 19).
- the PLL unit 22 receives the detection signal SET from the zero cross detection unit 21, synchronizes with the zero cross detection unit 21, and outputs a position signal POS ⁇ b> 1 whose frequency and phase are substantially equal to the detection signal ZDET from the zero cross detection unit 21.
- the switching circuit SW3 is turned off according to the control signal CTL2 (step S8 in FIGS. 18 and 19). For this reason, the PLL unit 22 is not affected by the zero cross detection unit 21 and is in a self-running state.
- the zero cross detector 21 erroneously detects the zero-cross point, and generates an erroneous detection signal ZDET as indicated by NZ in FIG. 11, thereby outputting an erroneous detection signal SET.
- the influence of the switching noise of the inverter 2 can be prevented by the configuration in which the PLL unit 22 is in a free-running state at the timing T1. Since the switching circuit SW3 is turned on before the timing T1 to synchronize the PLL unit 22 and the zero cross detection unit 21, the position signal POS1 and the phase of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 are substantially omitted even in the free-running state. Can be matched.
- the rotor position detecting unit 83 is configured to set the PLL unit 22 to a self-running state at the timing T1 when the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 is larger than a predetermined value. Also good. Thus, after the synchronous machine 4 is excited, the PLL unit 22 synchronizes with the zero cross detecting unit 21 in a state where the amplitude of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 is large enough to perform the zero cross detection. Can be taken.
- the rotor position detection unit 83 has a configuration in which the time when a predetermined time has elapsed after the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 is greater than a predetermined value is set as the timing T1, and the PLL unit 22 is in a free-running state. There may be.
- the predetermined time is set such that zero cross detection can be accurately performed. Thereby, the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 can be detected more accurately.
- the selection circuit SEL selects the position signal POS2 from the PLL unit 23 according to the control signal CTL1 (step S9 in FIGS. 18 and 19). ). That is, the position signal POS2 is output to the reference sine wave calculator 12 as the rotor position signal POS.
- the amplitude of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 becomes larger than that at the time of activation, so that the influence of the switching noise of the inverter 2 is almost eliminated, and the synchronous machine
- the rotor position can be estimated more accurately by using the armature voltage and the armature current of 4, and the synchronous machine 4 can be rotated stably.
- the selection circuit SEL sets the timing T3 when the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 exceeds a predetermined value after the timing T2 when the inverter 2 is activated.
- the configuration may be such that the position signal POS2 is selected.
- the selection circuit SEL sets a timing T3 when a predetermined time elapses after the absolute value of the armature voltage of the synchronous machine 4 exceeds a predetermined value after the timing T2 when the inverter 2 is activated, and a position signal from the PLL unit 23 It may be configured to select POS2.
- the selection circuit SEL may, when the number of zero crosses within a predetermined time obtained by the zero cross detection unit 21 exceeds a predetermined number after the timing T2 when the inverter 2 is activated (that is, the current rotational speed of the synchronous machine). (When the frequency corresponding to 1 exceeds a predetermined frequency) may be the timing T3, and the position signal POS2 from the PLL unit 23 may be selected.
- the PLL unit 22 adjusts the phase of the position signal POS1 based on the detection signal SET received from the zero cross detection unit 21.
- the rotor position of the synchronous machine 4 can be detected well by selecting the position signal POS1 as the rotor position signal POS without selecting the detection signal ZDET from the zero cross detector 21 as the rotor position signal POS.
- the selection circuit SEL can be configured not to include the switching circuit SW1, so that the synchronous machine starting device can be downsized.
- the present embodiment relates to a synchronous machine starting device in which the function for adjusting the initial phase of the position signal POS2 is changed as compared with the synchronous machine starting device according to the third embodiment.
- the contents other than those described below are the same as those of the synchronous machine starting device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a rotor position detection unit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the rotor position detector 84 further includes a switching circuit SW4 as compared with the rotor position detector 83 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the switching circuit SW4 switches whether or not to output the phase signal PH1 received from the PLL unit 22 to the PLL unit 23.
- the PLL unit 23 adjusts the phase of the position signal POS2 based on the phase signal PH1 received from the switching circuit SW4.
- the selection circuit SEL selects the position signal POS1 in accordance with the control signal CTL1, and then selects the position signal POS2 after the PLL unit 23 adjusts the phase of the position signal POS2 based on the phase signal PH1.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る同期機起動装置の構成を示す図である。
図2を参照して、回転子位置検出部11は、ゼロクロス検出部(タイミング検出部)21と、PLL(Phase Locked Loop)部(交流信号生成部)22と、PLL部(フィードバック演算部)23と、周波数検出部24と、周波数記憶部25と、切り替え制御部27と、選択回路SELと、切り替え回路SW3と、切り替え回路(初期周波数選択部)SW8とを含む。選択回路SELは、切り替え回路SW1およびSW2を含む。
図6を参照して、PLL部23は、三相二相変換回路31および32と、誘起電圧演算回路33と、PLL回路34と、位置信号生成器35とを含む。
図7を参照して、PLL回路34は、PI制御器36と、積分器INTとを含む。PI制御器36は、図6の誘起電圧演算回路33から出力された誘起電圧のq軸成分Zqに対して比例演算および積分演算を行ない、比例演算結果と積分演算結果との和を出力する。PI制御器36から出力された信号は、同期機4の回転子の推定回転速度ωとなる。積分器INTは、PI制御器36から出力された推定回転速度ωを積分して位相θに変換する。積分器INTは、位相θが360°になると位相θの値を0°にリセットする。すなわち、図7において積分器INTを含む積分部70から出力される位相信号PH2は、0°から360°まで値が変化する交流信号である。位相信号PH2は、回転子の基準位相φとなる。
図2、図8を参照して、同期機起動装置が起動され、同期機4が励磁されると、同期機4の電機子巻線には現在の回転子の回転速度に応じた交流電圧が発生する。切り替え制御部27は、ゼロクロス検出部21からの検出信号ZDETが回転子位置信号POSとして出力されるように、選択回路SELを制御する(ステップS1)。さらに、切り替え制御部27は、切り替え回路SW3をオン状態にする(ステップS2)。
以下、図2、図11を参照して図8、図9の制御手順についてさらに説明する。以下の説明では、同期機4の電機子電圧の振幅AMPは基準値R2より小さいとする。
図12を参照して、回転子位置検出部81は、ゼロクロス検出部(タイミング検出部)21と、PLL部(交流信号生成部)22と、PLL部(フィードバック演算部)23と、周波数検出部24と、周波数記憶部25と、切り替え制御部27と、選択回路SELと、切り替え回路SW3と、切り替え回路(初期周波数選択部)SW8とを含む。選択回路SELは、切り替え回路SW1およびSW2を含む。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る同期機起動装置と比べて位置信号POS2の初期位相の調整機能を変更した同期機起動装置に関する。以下で説明する内容以外は第1の実施の形態に係る同期機起動装置と同様である。
図14を参照して、回転子位置検出部82は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る回転子位置検出部11と比べて、さらに、切り替え回路SW4を含む。
まず、選択回路SELが制御信号CTL1に従ってPLL部22からの位置信号POS1を選択しているときには、切り替え回路SW5,SW6,SW7を端子a側に切り替える。すなわち、切り替え回路SW5は周波数FIを積分器INTに与え、切り替え回路SW6はゼロクロス検出部21から受けた検出信号SETを積分器INTに与え、切り替え回路SW7は積分器INTからの位相θを位相信号PH1として位置信号生成器へ出力する。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る同期機起動装置と比べて回転子位置信号POSとして検出信号ZDETを選択しない構成とした同期機起動装置に関する。以下で説明する内容以外は第1の実施の形態に係る同期機起動装置と同様である。
図17を参照して、回転子位置検出部83は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る回転子位置検出部11と比べて、選択回路SELが切り替え回路SW1を含まない構成である。
図17、図18を参照して、同期機起動装置が起動され、同期機4が励磁されると、同期機4の電機子巻線には現在の回転子の回転速度に応じた電圧が発生する。切り替え制御部27は、切り替え回路SW3をオン状態にする(ステップS2)。
図17、図19を参照して、まず、切り替え制御部27は、切り替え回路SW3をオン状態にするとともに(ステップS2)、所定の周波数F2が初期周波数FIとして出力されるように、切り替え回路SW8を制御する(ステップS5A)。これによって、PLL部22は、ゼロクロス検出部21から出力される検出信号ZDETと周波数および位相が略等しい位置信号POS1を出力する。その後、切り替え制御部27は、図1のインバータ2が起動する直前に、選択回路SELによって、PLL部22から出力された位置信号POS1を回転子位置信号POSとして選択して出力させる(ステップS7)。さらに、切り替え制御部27は、切り替え回路SW3をオフ状態にする(ステップS8)。この結果、PLL部22は、ゼロクロス検出部21の影響を受けずに自走状態となるので、インバータ2の起動直後のスイッチングノイズの影響を避けることができる。切り替え制御部27は、インバータ2の起動後に選択回路SELによって、PLL部23から出力された位置信号POS2を回転子位置信号POSとして選択して出力させる(ステップS9)。
インバータ2の起動前(すなわち、待機時のターニング運転中または同期機停止直後の惰性回転中)に、まず、選択回路SELは、制御信号CTL1に従って、PLL部22からの位置信号POS1を選択する(図18、図19のステップS7)。すなわち、位置信号POS1が回転子位置信号POSとして基準正弦波演算器12へ出力される。
本実施の形態は、第3の実施の形態に係る同期機起動装置と比べて位置信号POS2の初期位相の調整機能を変更した同期機起動装置に関する。以下で説明する内容以外は第3の実施の形態に係る同期機起動装置と同様である。
図21を参照して、回転子位置検出部84は、本発明の第3の実施の形態に係る回転子位置検出部83と比べて、さらに、切り替え回路SW4を含む。
Claims (16)
- 同期機起動装置であって、
供給された電力を交流電力に変換して同期機(4)の電機子に供給する電力変換部(71)と、
前記同期機(4)の電機子に供給されるまたは電機子で生成される交流電圧を検出する交流電圧検出部(8)と、
前記同期機(4)の電機子に供給されるまたは電機子で生成される交流電流を検出する交流電流検出部(9)と、
前記検出された交流電圧および交流電流に基づいて、前記同期機(4)の回転子位置を検出する回転子位置検出部(11,81,82,83,84)と、
前記検出された回転子位置に基づいて、前記電力変換部(71)を制御する電力変換制御部(19)とを備え、
前記回転子位置検出部(11,81,82,83,84)は、
前記検出された交流電圧の値が所定の基準レベルを通過するタイミングを示す第1の位置信号を出力するタイミング検出部(21)と、
前記回転子位置を示す推定位相、前記同期機の回転子の推定回転速度、ならびに前記検出された交流電圧および交流電流に基づいて前記推定位相の誤差を算出し、前記算出された位相誤差に基づいて前記推定位相および前記推定回転速度を更新し、前記更新された推定位相を示す第2の位置信号を出力するフィードバック演算部(23)と、
前記推定回転速度の初期値に対応する初期周波数として用いるために、前記第1の位置信号に基づいて前記同期機起動装置の起動時における前記同期機(4)の回転子の回転速度に対応する第1の周波数を検出する周波数検出部(24)と、
前記第1の位置信号または前記第1の位置信号に基づいて得られる位置信号を選択して、前記同期機(4)の回転子位置を示す信号として前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力し、前記第1の位置信号または前記第1の位置信号に基づいて得られる位置信号の選択を解除した後に、前記第2の位置信号を選択して前記同期機(4)の回転子位置を示す信号として前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力する選択回路(SEL)とを含む同期機起動装置。 - 前記回転子位置検出部(11,81,82,83,84)は、さらに、前記第1の周波数および所定の第2の周波数のいずれか一方を前記初期周波数として選択する初期周波数選択部(SW8)を含み、
前記第2の周波数は、前記同期機(4)の待機時における前記回転子の予め定められた回転速度に対応する周波数であり、
前記初期周波数選択部(SW8)は、前記同期機起動装置の起動時に、前記検出された交流電圧の絶対値が所定値以上の場合に前記第1の周波数を選択し、
前記初期周波数選択部(SW8)は、前記同期機起動装置の起動時に、前記検出された交流電圧の絶対値が所定時間内に前記所定値に達しない場合に前記第2の周波数を選択する請求の範囲第1項に記載の同期機起動装置。 - 前記回転子位置検出部(11,81,82,83,84)は、さらに、前記第1の周波数および所定の第2の周波数のいずれか一方を前記初期周波数として選択する初期周波数選択部(SW8)を含み、
前記第2の周波数は、前記同期機(4)の待機時における前記回転子の予め定められた回転速度に対応する周波数であり、
前記初期周波数選択部(SW8)は、前記同期機起動装置の起動時において、前記検出された交流電圧の値が前記基準レベルを所定時間内に通過する回数が所定回数以上の場合に前記第1の周波数を選択し、
前記初期周波数選択部(SW8)は、前記同期機起動装置の起動時において、前記検出された交流電圧の値が前記基準レベルを前記所定時間内に通過する回数が前記所定回数未満の場合に前記第2の周波数を選択する請求の範囲第1項に記載の同期機起動装置。 - 前記選択回路(SEL)は、最初に前記第1の位置信号を選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力し、次に前記第2の位置信号を選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力する請求の範囲第1項に記載の同期機起動装置。
- 前記回転子位置検出部(11,81,82)は、さらに、前記初期周波数を有し、前記第1の位置信号に同期するように位相が調整された交流信号である第3の位置信号を出力する交流信号生成部(22)を含み、
前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記第1の位置信号、前記第3の位置信号、および前記第2の位置信号をこの順番で選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力する請求の範囲第1項に記載の同期機起動装置。 - 前記回転子位置検出部(83,84)は、さらに、前記初期周波数を有し、前記第1の位置信号に同期するように位相が調整された交流信号である第3の位置信号を出力する交流信号生成部(22)を含み、
前記選択回路(SEL)は、最初に前記第3の位置信号を選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力し、次に前記第2の位置信号を選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力する請求の範囲第1項に記載の同期機起動装置。 - 前記回転子位置検出部(11,81,82)は、さらに、前記初期周波数を有し、前記第1の位置信号に同期するように位相が調整された交流信号である第3の位置信号を出力する交流信号生成部(22)を含み、
前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記同期機起動装置の起動時に、前記検出された交流電圧の絶対値が所定値以上の場合に、最初に前記第1の位置信号を選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力し、次に前記第2の位置信号を選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力し、
前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記同期機起動装置の起動時に、前記検出された交流電圧の絶対値が所定時間内に前記所定値に達しない場合に、前記第1の位置信号、前記第3の位置信号、および前記第2の位置信号をこの順番で選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力する請求の範囲第1項に記載の同期機起動装置。 - 前記回転子位置検出部(11,81,82)は、さらに、前記初期周波数を有し、前記第1の位置信号に同期するように位相が調整された交流信号である第3の位置信号を出力する交流信号生成部(22)を含み、
前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記同期機起動装置の起動時において、前記検出された交流電圧の値が前記基準レベルを所定時間内に通過する回数が所定回数以上の場合に、最初に前記第1の位置信号を選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力し、次に前記第2の位置信号を選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力し、
前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記同期機起動装置の起動時において、前記検出された交流電圧の値が前記基準レベルを前記所定時間内に通過する回数が前記所定回数未満の場合に、前記第1の位置信号、前記第3の位置信号、および前記第2の位置信号をこの順番で選択して前記電力変換制御部(19)へ出力する請求の範囲第1項に記載の同期機起動装置。 - 前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記検出された交流電圧の値が前記基準レベルを所定時間内に通過する回数が所定回数を超えたとき、前記第2の位置信号を選択する、請求の範囲第4~6項のいずれか1項に記載の同期機起動装置。
- 前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記検出された交流電圧の絶対値が所定値以上となったとき、前記第2の位置信号を選択する請求の範囲第4~6項のいずれか1項に記載の同期機起動装置。
- 前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記検出された交流電圧の絶対値が所定値以上となってから所定時間経過したとき、前記第2の位置信号を選択する請求の範囲第4~6項のいずれか1項に記載の同期機起動装置。
- 前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記検出された交流電圧の絶対値が所定値以上となったとき、前記第3の位置信号を選択する請求の範囲第5項に記載の同期機起動装置。
- 前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記検出された交流電圧の絶対値が所定値以上となってから所定時間経過したとき、前記第3の位置信号を選択する請求の範囲第5項に記載の同期機起動装置。
- 前記回転子位置検出部(11,81,82)は、さらに、前記第1の位置信号を前記フィードバック演算部(23)へ出力するか否かを切り替える切り替え回路(SW3)を含み、
前記フィードバック演算部(23)は、前記切り替え回路(SW3)から受けた前記第1の位置信号に基づいて前記第2の位置信号の位相を調整し、
前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記フィードバック演算部(23)が前記第1の位置信号に基づいて前記第2の位置信号の位相を調整した後、前記第2の位置信号を選択する請求の範囲第4または5項に記載の同期機起動装置。 - 前記回転子位置検出部(11,81,82,83,84)は、さらに、前記第1の位置信号を前記交流信号生成部(22)へ出力するか否かを切り替える第1の切り替え回路(SW3)を含み、
前記交流信号生成部(22)は、前記第1の切り替え回路(SW3)から受けた前記第1の位置信号に基づいて前記第3の位置信号の位相を調整し、
前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記交流信号生成部(22)が前記第1の位置信号に基づいて前記第3の位置信号の位相を調整した後、前記第3の位置信号を選択する請求の範囲第5または6項に記載の同期機起動装置。 - 前記回転子位置検出部(11,81,82,83,84)は、さらに、前記第3の位置信号を前記フィードバック演算部(23)へ出力するか否かを切り替える第2の切り替え回路(SW4)を含み、
前記フィードバック演算部(23)は、前記第2の切り替え回路(SW4)から受けた前記第3の位置信号に基づいて前記第2の位置信号の位相を調整し、
前記選択回路(SEL)は、前記フィードバック演算部(23)が前記第3の位置信号に基づいて前記第2の位置信号の位相を調整した後、前記第2の位置信号を選択する請求の範囲第15項に記載の同期機起動装置。
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| EP2629414A4 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
| US9048770B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 |
| US20130193884A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
| EP2629414A1 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
| EP2629414B1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
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