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WO2012049007A1 - Dispositif et procédé d'utilisation du dispositif pour le transport « in situ » de bitume ou d'huile lourde provenant de gisements de sable bitumeux - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé d'utilisation du dispositif pour le transport « in situ » de bitume ou d'huile lourde provenant de gisements de sable bitumeux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012049007A1
WO2012049007A1 PCT/EP2011/066651 EP2011066651W WO2012049007A1 WO 2012049007 A1 WO2012049007 A1 WO 2012049007A1 EP 2011066651 W EP2011066651 W EP 2011066651W WO 2012049007 A1 WO2012049007 A1 WO 2012049007A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor loop
inductor
conductor
voltage
ground potential
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2011/066651
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk Diehl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to RU2013119621/03A priority Critical patent/RU2013119621A/ru
Priority to CA2812479A priority patent/CA2812479A1/fr
Priority to US13/876,462 priority patent/US20130192820A1/en
Priority to EP11766931.7A priority patent/EP2606199A1/fr
Publication of WO2012049007A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012049007A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
    • E21B43/2408—SAGD in combination with other methods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/46—Dielectric heating
    • H05B6/62—Apparatus for specific applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method of using the device for "in situ" production of bitumen or heavy oil from oil sands deposits.
  • the device comprises at least one electrical conductor loop comprising a forward conductor and a return conductor, and has an interposed inductor, wherein at least the inductor is at least partially or completely disposed within the oil sands deposit.
  • the apparatus comprises an alternating current generator, comprising a conductor loop via at least two electrical ⁇ specific contact points is electrically connected to the at least.
  • the alternator includes a Transformer with at least one primary and at least one secondary winding.
  • Bitumen or heavy oil may be mined from open-pit or "in situ" production from oil sands or oil shale deposits, which are hereinafter referred to simply as "oil sands" or “reservoirs” for simplicity the introduction of solvents or diluents and / or the heating of the soil of the oil sands deposit in order to make the heavy oil or bitumen flowable and pumpable.
  • oil sands or oil shale deposits
  • the electromagnetic heating process may in particular be combined with a steam process, which provides for a verbes ⁇ serte permeability and / or conductivity. It is also possible to let the steam stimulation through the production pipe at the beginning of the heating phase or later cyclically.
  • the electrical / electromagnetic heating method is Runaway ⁇ leads with the aid of at least one electric conductor loop which / is powered by an alternating current generator with electric power or alternating current voltage.
  • This enables "in situ" underground mining at depths of up to several hundred meters
  • the conductor loop in conjunction with the alternator forms a resonant oscillating circuit in the current-carrying state, which results in an alternating magnetic field in the vicinity of the conductor loop in the reservoir.
  • the eddy currents lead to egg ⁇ ner heating of the reservoir and thus to a liquefaction of the heavy oil or bitumen.
  • the conductor loop In order to achieve a good heat output in the MW range, the conductor loop must be supplied with an electrical voltage of up to 10 kV or even greater from the alternator. This means that the voltage of up to to 10kV or greater is applied to terminals that electrically connect the conductor loop to the alternator, and that the voltage can drift freely to ground potential.
  • a dielectric strength by a factor of X which may be 2 to 10, for example, interpret higher than the maximum clamping voltage. This leads to ei ⁇ nem high insulation costs and high costs.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device and a method for using the device for "in situ" production of bitumen or heavy oil from oil sands deposits, which reduce the insulation effort and there ⁇ possibly with associated costs high electrical heating power be given a reliable insulation of the terminals from the environment.
  • the stated object is with respect to the device for "in situ” production of bitumen or heavy oil from oil sands deposits with the features of claim 1, and with respect to the method of using the device for "in situ” - promotion of bitumen or heavy oil from oil sands -Lager Wun solved with the features of claim 11.
  • An inventive device for "in situ" extraction of bitumen or heavy oil from oil sands deposits comprises at least one electric conductor loop, which has a Hin ⁇ conductor and a return conductor and an inductor connected therebetween or comprises.
  • the inductor is infrequent partially or wholly located in the oil sands deposit.
  • the forward and return conductors can also act as an inductor or give it identically, the conductor loop in the latter case being formed from a continuous conductor.
  • a Hinlei ⁇ ter and a return conductor and an intermediate inductor is described for the sake of simplicity, even if return and return conductors act as an inductor or identical result.
  • Vor ⁇ direction comprises an alternator, which is electrically connected to the at least one conductor loop via at least two electrical contact points.
  • the alternator comprises a transformer with at least ei ⁇ ner primary and at least one secondary winding.
  • the at least one secondary winding has a center tap, to which a ground potential U E is electrically applied.
  • the ground potential U E may be electrically applied to the center tap electrically via a galvanic connection, resulting in a simple and inexpensive solution to the problem.
  • the ground potential U E may be stinging circuit ⁇ cally applied via an electrical circuit to the active center tap. This will be a circuit engineering Control or regulation according to the method requirements ⁇ ments possible.
  • a Vorrich ⁇ device for "in situ" promotion of bitumen or heavy oil from oil sands deposits with the features described above with or without Center tap, on the conductor loop at a location spatially away from the alternator electrically applied a ground potential U E.
  • the advantages are analogous to the advantages associated with a ground potential U E at a ⁇ telabgriff on the at least one secondary winding, as described above.
  • the earth potential U E can be spatially applied in a region at the conductor loop, in particular at the inductor wel ⁇ cher is furthest away from the alternator. As a rule, the farthest point is in the region of half the length of the conductor loop. A grounding at this point gives a maximum possible limitation of the maximum electrical output voltage which is applied between the contact points on the conductor loop. The insulation requirement of the contact points can be reduced.
  • a voltage U H in the range of greater than 10 kV can be applied for inductive heating of the oil sands deposit. This can result in a heat output in the range of MW and thus sufficient to heat the soil such that bitumen or heavy oil is flowable.
  • the transformers ⁇ tor can be designed as a matching transformer for transforming an output voltage U A at a voltage in the range of the voltage U H.
  • the inductor may have a length of greater than 1km, in particular greater than 5km. So enough soil from the inductor can be heated to ensure a conventional oil production from oil sands deposits. With the exception of a point on the alternator and / or a point of the conductor loop spatially away from the Wech ⁇ selstromgenerator, to each of which the ground potential U E can be applied to ⁇ , the electrical conductor loop fully ⁇ constantly be electrically isolated from the oil sands deposit. In particular, the ground potential U E can be designed so that heating of the oil sand deposit via the electrical conductor loop is pure or at least substantially purely inductive.
  • the at least one primary winding may be gal ⁇ vanisch separated from the at least one secondary winding.
  • the primary winding may be electrically connected to power converters.
  • the alternator can be designed as an HF generator, with an electrical power in the range of one to several MW at 5 to 200 kHz, in particular 50 kHz. This arrangement and values allow optimum heating of the oil sands deposit to produce bitumen or heavy oil.
  • An inventive method in particular using Verwen ⁇ tion of the device described above, comprises applying the ground potential U E at a location of the secondary winding and / or at a location of the conductor loop spatially away from the alternator, wherein the voltage between the contact points is reduced to a value which corresponds to the value of an output voltage without an applied ground potential U is e klei ⁇ ner.
  • the voltage between the pads can be reduced to a value which is substantially half the value of an output voltage without applied ground potential U E.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective section of an oil sand reservoir 1 with a running in the reservoir 1 electrical conductor loop 2, and
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for "in situ" production of bitumen or heavy oil from oil sands deposits 1 according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows an oil sand deposit designated as a reservoir, a cuboid unit 1 with the length 1, the width w and the height h always being described for the further considerations.
  • the length 1 may be, for example, up to some 500 m, the width w 60 to 100 m and the height h about 20 to 100 m. It should be noted that starting from the surface E can be up to 500 m present a "overburden" the Staer ⁇ ke s.
  • the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, or apparatus that comprises, inter alia, a partially or completely arranged in the reservoir 1 conductor loop 2, is provided for the inductive Hei ⁇ wetting of the reservoir 1. This can be done additionally or alternatively to a known heating with eg water vapor.
  • the laid in the ground conductor loop 2, which For example, may have a length of several hundred meters to several ⁇ ren kilometers, comprises a forward conductor 10 and a return conductor 20 and an inductor 15.
  • the forward conductor 10 and the return conductor 20 are side by side, in particular into the ground out or out and the Inductor 15 is electrically connected between the forward and return conductors 10, 20.
  • the inductor 15 is constructed of a substantially U-shaped conductor which is guided horizontally in the ground, wherein both parts of the U-shape are guided in the same depth or are superimposed.
  • the inductor 15 may be formed continuously from a conductor or be constructed of two conductors, which are connected to each other at the U-shaped end via an element inside or outside of the reservoir 1.
  • the term "conductor” is understood to mean always electrical conductors.
  • the ladder 10 and 20 are led at the beginning vertically or at a shallow angle down into the ground. Typical distances between the return and return conductors 10, 20 and / or the two parts of the inductor 15 are 5 to 60 m with an outer diameter of the conductors of 10 to 50 cm.
  • the conductors 10, 15 and 20 may also be formed of a continuous conductor or ladder parts. Instead of outgoing and return conductors 10, 20, the inductor 15 can also fulfill its task or, according to its course, be led into the ground and replace it.
  • the terminals are not shown, since they are in the housing with the RF generator 30.
  • a double electric cable e.g. from the
  • DE 102007040605 B3 is known as the conductor 10, 20 and 15 be used.
  • a double line, with the above-ge ⁇ called typical dimensions, has a series inductance from 1.0 to 2.7 ⁇ / m.
  • the transverse capacitance is only 10 to 100 pF / m with the dimensions mentioned, so that the capacitive cross currents can initially be neglected.
  • wave effects should be avoided.
  • a shaft speed of an electrical wave is gege ⁇ ben by the capacitance and inductance of the conductor arrangement.
  • the characteristic frequency of the arrangement is due to the loop length and the wave propagation speed along the arrangement of the double line 10, 15, 20.
  • the loop length is therefore to be chosen so short that no disturbing wave effects result here.
  • the loss Leis ⁇ tung density distribution in a plane perpendicular to the conductors - as it forms at anti-phase energization of the upper and lower conductor - decreases radially.
  • a inductively heating capacity of 1 kW per meter double line at 50 kHz a current amplitude of et ⁇ wa 350 A for low reservoir with specific resistance is ⁇ supernatants of 30 ⁇ -m and about 950 A for high impedance reservoirs having specific resistances of 500 ⁇ - m needed.
  • the required current amplitude for 1 kW / m falls quadratically with the excitation frequency, ie at 100 kHz the current amplitudes fall to 1/4 of the above values.
  • the inductive voltage drop is about 300 V / m.
  • the total inductive voltage drop would add up to values> 100 kV.
  • Such high voltages must be avoided in order to reduce the risk of flashover, in particular between the terminals, and to avoid the need for large insulation layer thicknesses.
  • the terminals must be insulated against the reservoir 1 high voltage resistant to prevent a resistive current flow. Thick insulation layers lead to high material costs and costs.
  • a solution to the problem can be achieved according to the invention in the grounding of a position of the conductor loop 2 in a region 15 or by grounding a center tap 70 of a secondary winding SE of a transformer 50 of the power generator 30.
  • the conductor loop 2 comprises the forward and return conductors 10, 20 and the inductor 15.
  • the forward and return conductors 10, 20 can also act as an inductor 15 or give it identical, the conductor loop 2 is formed in the latter case of a continuous conductor.
  • the conductor loop 2 is electrically connected via terminals 40, 40 ' to a transformer 50.
  • the transformer 50 may adjust an output voltage U A to a voltage U H at a frequency which is optimal for inductive heating with the conductor loop 2. As described above , this is dependent on, for example, dimensions such as length, cross section or construction of the lines or double lines 10, 15, 20 and frequency.
  • the transformer 50 is constructed, for example, from a primary coil PR and a secondary coil SE.
  • the primary coil PR is supplied by a current / voltage supply 60 with electrical power, with an output voltage U A.
  • the output voltage U A is transformed by the transformer 50 to a voltage U H for heating the inductor 15, wherein in this Be ⁇ consideration voltage losses at the out and return line 10, 20 are neglected for simplicity.
  • the latter Wür ⁇ the additive which result to be obtained or to the secondary coil SE with the voltage U H to be transformed voltage.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a center tap 70 on the secondary coil SE. At the center tap 70, a ground potential U E is electrically applied, ie it is grounded.
  • the inductor 15 and / or the forward or return line 10, 20 may have a location at which a ground potential U E is applied or which is grounded , This can be done by putting the insulation on a otherwise completely opposite the ground electrically insulated conductor 10, 15, 20 is interrupted at the point.
  • a grounding is usually meaningful way only one of two possible locations in the conductor loop 2, the center tap 70 of the secondary winding or at the gege nüber implement body in the conductor loop 2 itself. Be other places, such as places in the Hin- 10 or return conductor 20 pulled to ground potential, so can not the maximum possible reduction of the voltage between the inductor 15 and ground to half the value of the maximum voltage applied to the terminals 40, 40 ' voltage U H can be achieved.
  • a ground can be passive or active , Passive in this context means that a grounding takes place via an electrical line or a direct electrical contact with the environment. Active, that a grounding or applying the potential U E via a Gere applies ⁇ or controlled electric circuit is carried out in this context.
  • the invention is not limited to the Principalsbei ⁇ games described above . Including combi ⁇ nations of the embodiments may include each other and / or with Embodiments of the prior art done. Also, instead of a ground at one point earthing at more than one site be low, depending on the structure and Ver ⁇ application of the device according to the invention, in particular with active ground. A grounding of one of the two contact points 40, 40 ' can also take place. Characterized 'the full potential U to H, however, a reduction of the insulation expenditure possible by Iso lation ⁇ only the second contact point 40 or 40', although located on the second contact point 40 or 40th

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé d'utilisation du dispositif pour le transport « in situ » de bitume ou d'huile lourde provenant de gisements de sable bitumeux (1). Le dispositif comprend au moins une boucle électro-conductrice (2) comprenant un conducteur aller (10) et un conducteur retour (20) ainsi qu'un inducteur (15) monté entre eux, au moins l'inducteur (15) étant disposé au moins en partie ou entièrement dans le gisement de sable bitumeux (1). Le dispositif comprend en outre un générateur de courant alternatif (30) relié électriquement à la boucle ou aux boucles conductrices (2) par au moins deux points de contact électriques (40, 40´). Le générateur de courant alternatif (30) comprend un transformateur (50) doté d'au moins un enroulement primaire (PR) et d'au moins un enroulement secondaire (SE). Le ou les enroulements secondaires (SE) présentent une prise médiane (70) sur laquelle un potentiel terrestre UE est appliqué électriquement.
PCT/EP2011/066651 2010-09-27 2011-09-26 Dispositif et procédé d'utilisation du dispositif pour le transport « in situ » de bitume ou d'huile lourde provenant de gisements de sable bitumeux Ceased WO2012049007A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2013119621/03A RU2013119621A (ru) 2010-09-27 2011-09-26 Устройство и способ применения устройства для добычи на месте битума или сверхтяжелой нефти из месторождений нефтеносного песка
CA2812479A CA2812479A1 (fr) 2010-09-27 2011-09-26 Dispositif et procede d'utilisation du dispositif pour le transport « in situ » de bitume ou d'huile lourde provenant de gisements de sable bitumeux
US13/876,462 US20130192820A1 (en) 2010-09-27 2011-09-26 Device and method for using the device for "in situ" extraction of bitumen or ultraheavy oil from oil sand deposits
EP11766931.7A EP2606199A1 (fr) 2010-09-27 2011-09-26 Dispositif et procédé d'utilisation du dispositif pour le transport « in situ » de bitume ou d'huile lourde provenant de gisements de sable bitumeux

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010041434.4 2010-09-27
DE102010041434 2010-09-27
DE102010043529A DE102010043529B4 (de) 2010-09-27 2010-11-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verwendung der Vorrichtung zur "in situ"-Förderung von Bitumen oder Schwerstöl aus Ölsand-Lagerstätten
DE102010043529.5 2010-11-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012049007A1 true WO2012049007A1 (fr) 2012-04-19

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PCT/EP2011/066651 Ceased WO2012049007A1 (fr) 2010-09-27 2011-09-26 Dispositif et procédé d'utilisation du dispositif pour le transport « in situ » de bitume ou d'huile lourde provenant de gisements de sable bitumeux

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20130192820A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2606199A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2812479A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010043529B4 (fr)
RU (1) RU2013119621A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012049007A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014223621A1 (de) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Lagerstättenheizung
US10368580B2 (en) 2016-03-08 2019-08-06 Altria Client Services Llc Combined cartridge for electronic vaping device

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4570715A (en) * 1984-04-06 1986-02-18 Shell Oil Company Formation-tailored method and apparatus for uniformly heating long subterranean intervals at high temperature
US5713415A (en) * 1995-03-01 1998-02-03 Uentech Corporation Low flux leakage cables and cable terminations for A.C. electrical heating of oil deposits
US5930099A (en) * 1998-06-30 1999-07-27 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Grounding arrangement for a powerline system
DE102007040605B3 (de) 2007-08-27 2008-10-30 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur "in situ"-Förderung von Bitumen oder Schwerstöl
WO2009027305A2 (fr) * 2007-08-27 2009-03-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'extraction in situ de bitume et d'huile très lourde
WO2009052054A1 (fr) * 2007-10-19 2009-04-23 Shell Oil Company Systèmes, procédés et processus utilisés pour le traitement de formations sous-superficielles

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006044092A1 (de) * 2006-09-20 2008-03-27 Belle, Peter, Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren für einen gerichteten Überstromschutz in Wechsel- und Drehstromanlagen zur Anwendung und oder Implementierung in Schutzgeräten und Kurzschlussanzeigern, bei Verzicht auf äußere Messspannungseinspeisung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4570715A (en) * 1984-04-06 1986-02-18 Shell Oil Company Formation-tailored method and apparatus for uniformly heating long subterranean intervals at high temperature
US5713415A (en) * 1995-03-01 1998-02-03 Uentech Corporation Low flux leakage cables and cable terminations for A.C. electrical heating of oil deposits
US5930099A (en) * 1998-06-30 1999-07-27 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Grounding arrangement for a powerline system
DE102007040605B3 (de) 2007-08-27 2008-10-30 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur "in situ"-Förderung von Bitumen oder Schwerstöl
WO2009027305A2 (fr) * 2007-08-27 2009-03-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'extraction in situ de bitume et d'huile très lourde
WO2009052054A1 (fr) * 2007-10-19 2009-04-23 Shell Oil Company Systèmes, procédés et processus utilisés pour le traitement de formations sous-superficielles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2606199A1 (fr) 2013-06-26
DE102010043529A1 (de) 2012-03-29
US20130192820A1 (en) 2013-08-01
CA2812479A1 (fr) 2012-04-19
RU2013119621A (ru) 2014-11-10
DE102010043529B4 (de) 2013-01-31

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