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WO2012040515A1 - Electrotechnique et système et procédé de gestion de capacité - Google Patents

Electrotechnique et système et procédé de gestion de capacité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012040515A1
WO2012040515A1 PCT/US2011/052838 US2011052838W WO2012040515A1 WO 2012040515 A1 WO2012040515 A1 WO 2012040515A1 US 2011052838 W US2011052838 W US 2011052838W WO 2012040515 A1 WO2012040515 A1 WO 2012040515A1
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Prior art keywords
electrical
facility
load
capacity
software
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PCT/US2011/052838
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English (en)
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Brian Tharp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/06—Power analysis or power optimisation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/80—Management or planning
    • Y02P90/82—Energy audits or management systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/80—Management or planning
    • Y02P90/84—Greenhouse gas [GHG] management systems
    • Y02P90/845—Inventory and reporting systems for greenhouse gases [GHG]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to current monitoring based systems of electrical power distribution systems and providing engineering and management processes to electrical power distribution systems.
  • the disclosure relates to multiple branch circuits from load centers, and the entirety of the facility electrical system connected to a multi- enterprise software database solution that provides for the engineering and electrical design of a facility as well as tracking and design of individual circuits as well as the ability to manage and report on capacity consumption and risk at each hierarchal level of the electrical distribution system.
  • the engineering of branch circuits from load center panels is done via a CAD drawing and schedules of tables as shown in Fig 8 during the initial construction of a facility or data center.
  • a computer spread sheet application like Microsoft Excel is used.
  • the table in Fig 8 is used to keep track of changes once the building is constructed.
  • the load center documentation is typically referred to as a "panel schedule”.
  • Today engineering documentation of circuits is performed in spreadsheet applications and a paper copy is printed out to document the contents of a load center or breaker panel. Requests for new circuits are originated by clients or requestors of data center support and are submitted to the engineer or facility operator via a computer or email system. These requests are typically documented in another format of a spreadsheet application and submitted to the engineer. Therefore, all documentation about the facility is a collection of computer files, drawings or spreadsheets that must each be independently examined as if they were paper based.
  • Connected load is defined as the load provided to the engineer by the end user requesting the circuits. It is common practice in the industry to look at the name plate rating of a piece of electrical equipment and use that load value or some percentage thereof to provide the engineer guidance on how much load the engineer should reserve on a load center. This works fine in static environments with static loads such as motors or lights but creates risk and waste in a dynamic environment such as a data center or facility where many different hardware components will draw on a specific circuit. Furthermore, the hardware loads are refreshed from time to time. Existing hardware is replaced by new hardware presenting a new load dynamic on the circuit.
  • Latent Risk resides in the environment unknown to the user or the load until a single failure occurs and then a secondary failure occurs because the legs of the dual distribution system were over 50% used.
  • Data centers are designed to be up 24x7x365 so their owners will not accept solutions that require the shut-off of critical equipment. Therefore the only solution they currently have available is a split-core branch circuit monitoring system.
  • data center owners typically have very short work windows in which to perform work on critical infrastructure equipment such as the power supply system. In some environments, this could be as short as 6 hours/week made available for maintenance.
  • a fault in existing solid core designs is that when a CT goes bad the customer has to live without data on that circuit.
  • a split core or coil Branch Circuit Monitoring solution is the typical optimal way to solve this business need.
  • conventional system solutions that can typically cost many more times to install existing branch circuit monitoring systems than to purchase the hardware. These installation costs are driven by two components of installation, the pipe and wire to connect all the branch circuit monitoring systems to a central processing system as shown in Figure 6 and the individual CT's or coils that must be connected to each conductor to monitor consumption.
  • One attempt to solve this time factor was to present a string of current sensors like a string of holiday tree lights to connect to consecutive conductors but in a high-density installation typically 21 to 42 conductors to a panel this is still unwieldy.
  • Branch circuit monitoring systems are deployed to address several critical issues for the data center operator such as reducing risk due to over-subscription and providing power consumption information. Risk can be avoided by simply analyzing the current flow through the individual CTs and providing an alarm when a pre-subscribed threshold is met. Power (kW, Power Factor) requires additional analysis but this is well known.
  • Today's branch circuit monitoring computer applications document the panel within the load center and must be updated once new current transformers are attached to the monitoring system and when new electrical distribution is installed.
  • the system alarms-on current consumption and may report on power consumption from the data it receives from the branch circuit monitoring hardware.
  • these systems reside solely in the console area of a facility engineering operations center to be viewed only by the building engineers responsible for operating the building and infrastructure components of a facility.
  • That application typically documents the power circuits in a database that stores the hundreds of load centers and the connections emanating from them. They are presented in a computer application as icons or graphical elements that represent the physical load centers. Their specific purpose is to monitor current and alarm if thresholds are exceeded. In some cases they calculate power (kW, Power Factor, etc.) typically with caveats that certain configurations of homogenous sized circuit breakers must be deployed to accurately calculate the power of the attached breakers. Some systems simply estimate power with the presumption that the voltage supplied will be close enough to provide reasonable power estimates.
  • CT Current Transformer
  • the first two solutions provide a split core CT so the solution may be installed on existing circuits. The latter provides only solid core CTs.
  • Another system presents us with a choice of an intelligent meter (that additionally provides kW, and Power Factor, measurements and supports polyphase circuits (e.g. 3 pole 4 wire wye and 3 pole 3 wire delta) with a monitoring interface (as shown in Fig 6c) and self- contained central processing unit that allows for connection of remote CT's.
  • a monitoring interface as shown in Fig 6c
  • This unit displays all power information to the operator as well as allows the operator to configure circuit information to provide polyphase circuit power details.
  • This approach provides for transmission of circuit information to a software application to communicate the status of connected systems and create alarms via the network to the software application but does not allow remote management of the meter's programming via a networked software system.
  • Other current only monitoring systems are unable to provide power calculations (Power factor, kW, kWHr) for polyphase circuits and thus provide caveats that all circuits must be of the same type or they make assumptions and provide estimates to the consumer.
  • Figure 1 is a high level block diagram of the system showing each of the major components of the hardware and software as well as how users would interface with the system.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the workflow that will support user requests and the roles that support moves adds or changes to facility electrical systems.
  • Figure 2a is a block diagram of an automated embodiment of the workflow that will support user requests and the roles that support moves adds or changes to facility electrical systems.
  • Figure 3 is a graphical rendering of the user interface software in a browser and this particular view shows a panel schedule with circuits defined in a load center at Poles 1,3,5; Poles 7,9; and Poles 11, 13,15 as well as the total connected load of the panel at the bottom.
  • Figure 3 a is a graphical rendering of the user interface in a browser showing search screen options: by panel name, by rack/cab/pod and room, by condition and room.
  • Figure 3b is a graphical rendering of the user interface in a browser showing a trending and milepost report of the connected and demand loads of a panel.
  • Figure 4 is a graphical rendering of the user interface in a browser showing capacity information for the enterprise level as well as individual sites and buildings that can be selected for inspection of their facility capacities.
  • Figure 5 is an electrical block diagram of a branch circuit capacity monitoring system necessary to discern signals from the CT or Rogowski coil arrays and process and forward that data.
  • Figure 5a is a graphical rendering of an array of Rogowski coils in the open position as they would be to install on live conductors in a panel load center.
  • Figure 5b shows Rogowski coils in a closed condition with an embodiment of an additional printed circuit board attached.
  • Figure 5c depicts an array of non-contact sensors embedded on a plurality of printed circuit boards showing two sections 36 and 37 having an array of 1-19 poly phase programmable integrated circuit chips and at 38.
  • Figures 5D and 5E depict how each integrated circuit chip is sensing a non-contact current sensor labeled 1-21 and how they would be sampled based on sample loads 1-6 in the included table. Thus showing how programmable poly -phase integrated circuit chips can sense a non-homogenous plurality of circuits.
  • Figure 5F depicts a sandwich of multi-sided printed circuit boards with non-contact sensors overlapping at 10 and 20 separated by an electrical shield at 15.
  • Figure 6 depicts a typical two current split core CT's and their individual leads to attach to a data collection board
  • Figure 6a depicts a typical branch circuit monitoring system data collection board and two attached split core CT's.
  • Figure 6b shows a typical data collection board and 4 solid core CT arrays that may be implemented in an empty load center.
  • Figure 6c shows a typical an intelligent meter that may be attached to GT's split or solid and has the capability to have poly-phase circuits declared by direct entry to the meter by an operator standing in front of the meter in the field.
  • Figure 7 is a depiction of a single-line or one-line drawing typically used to describe facility electrical infrastructure.
  • Figure 8 is a depiction of a panel schedule report output by a spreadsheet application like Microsoft Excel.
  • Figure 9 is a depiction of a two Column load center panel containing 42 breakers and the conductors for branch circuits attached to breakers within the load center panel.
  • Figure 9a is a depiction Fig 9 showing the placement of a pair of high-density branch capacity monitoring systems.
  • Figure 10 is a depiction of a user circuit request in a browser containing both project information at 1 and circuit detail information at 2.
  • Figure 11 is a block diagram of the hardware/software appliance that sits in the field to collect data from intelligent electrical or facility infrastructure components.
  • Figure 12 provides a data base schema necessary for a user to request a circuit request within the system.
  • Figure 15 is a pictorial view of a facility's electrical components and the interaction with the present invention being described in this patent. Including a high-density branch capacity monitor at 5, a hardware/software appliance at 2 to collect data from within the facility its corresponding cloud based software system at 8 and its user interface on a tablet computer at 9,
  • Figure 16 shows the output of an electrical work order for the installation of circuits by an electrical installer as a result of an end user request for a circuit installation.
  • RECTMED (RULE 91) - ISA/US Figure 17 shows a high level graphical view of a facility electrical system providing a capacity snapshot of depicted components.
  • Figure 18 shows a high level graphical view of a facility electrical system providing an efficiency snapshot of depicted components.
  • Figure 19 shows a high level graphical view of a facility electrical system providing a plurality of choices for UPS models and a table of electrical, capacity and financial details for each component.
  • Figure 20 shows a high level graphical view of a facility electrical system and load flow for the selected components as well as a detailed table of all parent and child elements in this view.
  • Figure 21 shows a high level graphical view of a facility electrical system providing a financial snapshot of the electrical system showing power costs related to the total available UPS capacity in dollars per kilowatt as well as operating costs per useable kilowatt as well as capital cost per useable kilowatt of the electrical system.
  • the electrical system and method of the disclosure overcomes the deficiencies of prior art by providing a comprehensive hardware and software solution that significantly reduces the time necessary to engineer or design, install, and manage electrical equipment and circuits as well as manage capacity, consumption and risk of over-consuming a facility electrical infrastructure; and further provide a system and method to charge for services based on monitoring a consumption metric such as kW or track a company's consumption or reduction of carbon, or report on other common industry metrics; for example in a data center we may desire to report on its performance examining metrics like PUE or DCIE.
  • This system and method would provide benefit to the operators of each individual facility but also allows the roll-up of a facility or group of facilities or all facilities within a business or government entity into an enterprise view.
  • the enterprise view will show the state and status of the entire group of facilities within the business or government group.
  • the system and method will support multiple businesses or government groups disambiguating each group's data from another thereby isolating it from other system users. This will provide an economy of scale to provide solutions and data to customers at a lower cost than could typically be achieved by a single entity solution.
  • business or government entities for those business or government entities
  • RECTMED (RULE 91) - ISA/US whose data is so critical or sensitive the solution may be implemented as a standalone solution.
  • the system includes a software system that provides the electrical engineer or designer the capability to design and document the complete electrical infrastructure within a facility and describe all the parent, child and sibling interfaces between corresponding components in the facility electrical distribution system from the utility transformers where power is delivered to a facility to the load that consumes the electricity at the bottom of electrical infrastructure hierarchy.
  • the system also has a circuit request software collaboration system that provides a web based interface so that users may request the type and number of circuits they need installed. This request includes all information necessary for an electrical engineer to act upon the request and proceed with engineering circuits into the appropriate distribution load centers within a facility.
  • One embodiment of the system provides an online multi-enterprise database that allows the engineer the ability to filter for the metric they must meet to engineer new circuits. Furthermore, this database will capture all the capacity metrics of the electrical system both electrical as well as physical as an output of the engineering process as well as by monitoring the signals from existing branch circuit monitoring systems or other hardware based intelligence that already exists within the electrical infrastructure.
  • existing intelligence would be a modbus RS-485 output on a step-down transformer and distribution center commonly referred to as a PDU or CPC.
  • the system incorporates a hardware appliance 172 that sits on the customer's site and collects information about the electrical systems being monitored. This information is stored within a database structure locally on the hardware appliance and is pushed out to the multi-enterprise database 178 to provide the user interface 179 and present status and consumption of each electrical component being monitored.
  • This hardware appliance 172 has the capability to communicate over the LAN, its USB interface as well as to a plurality of wireless sensors communicating on an 802.15.4 wireless network. This appliance is the owner and manager of the 802.15.4 network.
  • the system also provides branch circuit capacity monitoring hardware 193 (shown in
  • Figure 9a that will drastically reduce the time to install such a system when installing into existing electrical distribution panels that have loads that are unable to be disconnected due to the criticality of the load receiving power out of the electrical distribution panel.
  • This is achieved by connecting an array of split current transformers or Rogowski coils or embedded coils to a printed circuit board.
  • This first printed circuit board will be connected to a plurality of printed circuit boards coupled to the sensor printed circuit board so that one component grouping will house an array of sensors as well as the central processing unit and signal processing components necessary to perform as a branch circuit capacity monitoring device as shown in Fig 5.
  • Fig 5a, Fig 5b and Fig 5c This high-density branch circuit capacity monitoring system will support multiple communication protocols, both wired and wireless.
  • the wireless version providing the greatest advantage to the customer from a time for installation as well as cost for installation perspective.
  • the system and method provides a software multi-enterprise database 178 accessed from a web browser 179 via a computing device (a processing unit based device with sufficient processing power, memory and connectivity to interface with the system, such as, for example, a computer or mobile devices such as a smart phone or tablet computer) to install, engineer or design, and manage electrical equipment and circuits as well as manage capacity, consumption and latent risk of over-consuming a facility electrical infrastructure; and further provide a system and method to charge for services based on monitoring a consumption metric such as kW or track a company's consumption or reduction of carbon, or report on other common industry metrics; for example in a data center we may desire to report on its performance examining metrics like PUE or DCIE.
  • a consumption metric such as kW or track a company's consumption or reduction of carbon
  • a software multi-enterprise database that allows an engineer to design an electrical system, that allows a facility operator to connect it to intelligent electrical components to manage capacity; consumption and risk of the facility, that provides information necessary for the installation of a plurality of hardware such as Information Technology equipment on specific or groups of specific power circuits without over consuming the circuits or any part of the multi-pathed electrical distribution system; and providing a financial chart of accounts to track the cost of the system including power costs, capital costs and operating costs.
  • a software multi-enterprise database system that allows an electrical engineer or designer to describe an entire facility electrical design
  • a software multi-enterprise database system that allows users to request additional electrical services within the facility as shown in Fig2 and Fig 2a;
  • a hardware/software appliance 172 (Figure 17) that sits within the engineered facility and monitors, collects, stores and forwards data to the software multi- enterprise database or other customer information system via an application programming interface;
  • a hardware branch circuit capacity monitoring device(s) as shown in Figure 5c that is able to be connected to an existing electrical load system that currently supports electrical distribution but is unable to be interrupted and is constructed in such a manner that it will provide dramatic savings in installation time and expense over the conventional system as shown in Fig 6a.
  • the system includes a software multi-enterprise database application 11 that allows users and vendors to communicate in the same forum.
  • email has been the typical medium of communication because vendors supporting facilities rarely have access to the same network used by the owner of the facility. By providing them an off-site location to store and collaborate on data, the system increases efficiency and reduces time.
  • An API to a customer project management system could replace the user defined in the scenario below that could pass electrical needs to our system thus bypassing a user request step in the system.
  • One or more business users 18, one or more vendors 14 (such as Engineers,
  • Electricians and other 3 rd party users may access the system via secure connections from a business and Internet network 1.6 or over the Internet 13 in the case of an outside vendor.
  • Each facility 17 may have installed a Hardware/Software Appliance 19 whose purpose is to communicate with all desired electrical components/devices 19.1 and load center branch circuit monitoring hardware 19.2 and monitor them, store that data in its local data structure and forward that data over network components 12, 13, 15, 16 to the software multi- enterprise database system 11 for analysis and presentation.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of a multi-step workflow process that may be implemented using the system shown in Fig 1. The method begins with a user request 21 for a circuit followed by one or many review and approval steps 22 so that the user circuit request flows to a queue.
  • Fig 10 illustrates an embodiment of the user request where we see project data at Fig 101 and electrical request data at Fig 102 including the circuit size and location that it must be delivered.
  • an engineer or circuit designer 23 determines where to provision these circuits from and may request the system to provide the shortest route within the requested facility. Once the engineer has performed his work the request flows to a queue where an electrician or other contractor may login and examine all the work in his queue and printout work-orders 24 with all the necessary information they need to perform a circuit installation 26 which may include new panel schedules as shown in Fig. 18. This installation may also include labels necessary to physically identify and label new circuits. Finally, the implementation is reviewed and completed in the data system 25.
  • the review and approval flow for a business administrator 22 to keep track of project funding comes after the user has requested their circuits. This is achieved by allowing the business administrator a gatekeeper role if desired to insure that proper documentation exists for payment and scheduling. Upon their review and approval our work flows to the engineering step.
  • an engineer will search all the indexed panel schedules.
  • Several possible criteria that an engineer may search would be the name or identification of an existing load center they are interested in choosing to begin their engineering examination.
  • Another route of examination they may choose to follow would be on some physical aspect of circuits that already exist in the infrastructure such as equipment that is already being supported by a specific load center (see search by rack/cab/pod 37).
  • Yet another choice may be to request a view of all the load centers in a specific room with a specific amount of power capacity available as well as, if desired, a specific number of breaker slots still available in the panel to outfit new circuits 38.
  • the system provides these details in seconds saving our engineer potentially hours of work searching through static solutions documented on paper or in computer applications such as spreadsheets.
  • the circuit request was accomplished by having humans interface with the software system and "Engineer" or choose where to place the circuit based on the details in the user request.
  • this circuit engineering as shown in Fig 2a by implementing capacity policies within the software system that determine how much load the electrical system may accommodate and comparing that to real-time readings that the software system obtains from the monitoring interfaces from the electrical system via our hardware appliance 172. This feature may be enabled if our users requests a circuit as before but the system will offer a solution to the user eliminating the circuit engineering step if the system has adequate monitoring coverage.
  • Either workflow is made possible by an embodiment of the system and method whereby the system stores all the electrical and location details of the facilities' internal electrical distribution system from the utility transformers external to the facility down to the load center panel indexes in the same multi-enterprise database system that shows the circuit request database schema Figure 12 in use by the above workflow process.
  • static documentation that previously existed in CAD drawings and spreadsheets are housed in a data structure that allows the indexing of the entire electrical system and all panel schedules multiple ways so that the entire electrical system and all panel schedules can be searched in various ways as shown in Fig3a.
  • An output from the system may be a CAD drawing or other report based on the data relationships defined in the data structure.
  • the system is therefore able to understand these complex relationships within the data itself and update change and delete components. All system users would have visibility to these changes, as they were committed.
  • the system may also output information in the system into a format (CAD Drawing in Figure 7) needed for permit submission and construction.
  • Facilities are not all the same but most contain many of these basic electrical infrastructure building blocks/devices that may include: Utility transformers, a utility meter, entrance electrical gear and perhaps step down transformers, automated switches that will switch the facility from one utility source to a second source if available.
  • the facilities also may include an Uninterruptible Power System (UPS), batteries, an alternate standby emergency power source e.g. an electrical generator or flywheel system its paralleling gear to manage multiple standby sources, as well as distribution cabinets and breakers that move the electrical supply from the UPS plant to the floor where it will be consumed.
  • UPS Uninterruptible Power System
  • Some intermediate components in the facility may include busways, distribution breakers, PDU's (a step-down transformer typically delivering 120/208V power in US based facilities) or busways and panels or RPP's (Remote Power Panels that are free standing) for distribution to the branch load (individual circuits from a panel load center) and power strips to deliver to the consumptive device.
  • PDU's a step-down transformer typically delivering 120/208V power in US based facilities
  • RPP's Remote Power Panels that are free standing
  • the data system receiving data input from an engineer or designer and storing data information of the electrical hardware components in a computer data system also relates every electrical component within the building or facility to their parent, child or sibling connection and documented within the data system so that storing the work product of an engineer or other person creates updated or modified electrical system in a computer database.
  • This data based approach would provide much more detail and be more efficient to track changes than the single line or one line drawing in a CAD system.
  • single lines are a typical way to communicate the logical connections between interrelated electrical components and are typically necessary to be present in a drawing or submittal package for permits or construction drawings.
  • the data system will produce a hierarchal single line drawing as shown in Fig 7 from its data structure to fulfill construction standards of today. Just like CAD drawing systems improved human efficiency over the drafting board and triangle the same performance improvements are imagined for a data based design approach for facility electrical systems.
  • the data based systems approach further provides the ability to build an enterprise record of the electrical system at a first customer's first geographic location and at a second location remote from the first location; and for a second customer with no relation to the first customer at a first geographic location and a second location remote from the first location.
  • the data base systems approach naturally supports the transition from design to operational management of the facility it further supports input from other computer applications that may be used earlier in the Information Technology process and accept data via API's from change or project management systems.
  • the system enables incorporation of data streams from intelligent electrical infrastructure as well as data from branch circuit monitoring systems providing demand loads 34. Demand load is defined for our purposes as the load of the system based on a measurement of the electrical load.
  • the real time data is achieved by using the appliance 172 within the network of the facility to monitor any desired intelligent point of the electrical distribution system.
  • the appliance in Fig. 1 1 captures field data several ways. We observe that it stores time-stamped data at 1 11 and will move it to our multi-enterprise software system 1 18 as requested.
  • Our appliance manages a wireless network 119.1 with it's wireless management engine 1 16 and communicates 1 12 with the data-store 1 11 from a wireless end node 1 19.2 that sits at an intelligent electrical device typically capable of communicating via a RS-485 protocol such as modbus.
  • Our appliance may also communicate over its Ethernet communication port on a business LAN through its data collection services 117 to IP based intelligent devices 119.3 with protocols such as BACnet or SNMP.
  • the code and hardware firmware for the appliance is maintained via a remote code repository 119 and its internal update engine 114 that receives and updates software and firmware code to the appliance components or its wireless network nodes.
  • the appliance Fig 11 is designed to sit at the customer's facility and incorporate monitoring data and collect any other intelligence from electrical, HVAC and other building infrastructure systems connected to the customers LAN, e.g. a SCADA or building management system.
  • the appliance Fig 1 1 further provides connectivity to a wireless sensor node network using a wireless protocol, such as 802.15.4 wireless mesh protocol, and manages these wireless devices.
  • the appliance Fig 11, when coupled with a wireless sensor node 119.1, may be used to connect to an individual unconnected electrical component to receive monitoring data or may be connected to a serial cloverleaf connecting multiple electrical infrastructure components (e.g. for a building management system) to the same serial network and collect data for each component connected to that serial network.
  • Wireless sensor nodes may gather other environmental or information metrics and will be managed as well, for example: Temperature, pressure, humidity, RFID sensors and scanners.
  • the appliance Fig 1 1 may communicate with the multi-enterprise database front end 1 18 to receive information about what the appliance is going to monitor as well push data up to the front end data structure as requested over a defined time period. For instance, the system may push data weekly per customer request and thus the system will store within the appliance's software data structure all data necessary over that weekly time interval on the local appliance. Should connectivity be disrupted the data will store locally until it has been pushed and verified by our front end.
  • the appliance 114 may also receive updates and code refreshes as well as additional or new capabilities by communication with a private backend code repository that is accessible by only known devices in the field.
  • the appliance 1 14 will check the appliance code repository on a scheduled basis known only to the appliance and code repository systems and will not be allowed access to the code repository outside of this schedule.
  • the multi-enterprise database system that couples the engineered or as built data along with the consumption data via the appliance Fig 11 allows the system to provide the existing and remaining capacity of each component within the electrical system via the data structure and appliance Fig 11.
  • This capacity information aides the engineer by providing consumption data to our engineer in Fig 3b as element 39.6 as well as providing enterprise roll-up capacity information for an entire entity (business or government) through any level of our electrical distribution system as depicted in Fig 4 referred in the diagram as the domain.
  • This data is invaluable to corporate facility planners and in one embodiment for IT and infrastructure systems planners to determine where to install new resources. It will also provide guidance of when and how much additional capacity may need to be constructed to keep up with demand as all implementation and consumption data is time stamped to understand consumption trends. Data will be available to understand enterprise, campus, building, floor, room, or room segment and equipment or groups of equipment views.
  • Enterprise is defined as all sites managed within the system for a single customer; campus is defined as a collection of buildings at a single geographic location.
  • the system provides current measuring mechanisms Figure 5C that consolidate electrical signal detection and processing onto printed circuit boards and couple to a printed circuit board containing split core current transformers or Rogowski coils mounted or embedded on a printed circuit boards as shown in Figs 5a and 5b, 5c, thus dramatically reducing the number of components that need to be installed in a distribution load center.
  • These sensors 21 depicted here labeled 1-21 may be mounted with the centerline spacing offered by current panel board manufactures, either 3/4" on center or 1" on center and can be manufactured in other center patterns as necessitated by changes in panel board design. Given this sensor pattern (Fig 5F at 10, 20) current sensors will overlap on adjacent printed circuit boards that may be sandwiched together. An intermediary shield between the adjacent sensor layers (Fig5F at 15) may shield the signals from the overlapping sensors (Fig 5F at 10, 20) from one another.
  • the system and its new split core current transformers Fig 5C Sections 36, 37 reduce labor internally to the load center by attaching the split CT's or Rogowski coils to a printed circuit board in an array to match the pattern of the conductors in the load center.
  • This printed circuit board will be coupled to printed circuit board(s) that will contain the elements of Figure 5.c the data collection board needed to analyze the electrical characteristics including (current (Amps, kVA, Volts, power factor, kW, kWh, % Load, THD, Crest Factor, K-Factor) of the load center, thus creating our high-density branch circuit capacity monitoring solution.
  • This will drastically reduce the number of components that must be installed to monitor the branch loads in a load center panel significantly reducing the labor necessary to install our branch circuit capacity monitoring solution.
  • One embodiment of the system provides sensing on up to 21 conductors so that 2 component pairs will support a typical 42 -pole load center panel that is shown in Fig 9a.
  • Load center panels are typically arranged in two physical formats: a dual column as depicted in Fig 9. having two columns of 21 breaker slots, or in a single column having 42 breaker slots.
  • the system supports either physical configuration of the load center panel.
  • Contacts are provided 5C.40 to analyze line voltage and terminate remote current transformers or Rogowski coils to gather load center mains breaker data as well as the neutral and ground current busses that exist within the load center panel.
  • the new branch circuit capacity monitoring system eliminates the need for external wiring needed to connect to our branch circuit capacity board to a computer network by providing a wireless means of communication.
  • This addresses labor savings external to the load center by interconnecting a plurality of branch circuit capacity monitors to a plurality of distribution load centers requiring branch circuit capacity monitoring.
  • the branch circuit capacity monitoring solution described above may also offer standard wired interfaces either serial e.g. modbus or Ethernet LAN based e.g. BACnet.
  • the branch circuit capacity monitor solution described above may also provide a wireless networking interface as an option available from our hardware appliance Fig 1 - 9 to create a wireless mesh network 802.15.4 thus eliminating the need for pipe and wire external to the load center panel thus eliminating those installation labors costs external to the panel.
  • the new branch circuit capacity monitoring system eliminates the need for periodic infrared scans of electrical panels by facility maintenance personnel by incorporating a temperature sensor adjacent 59 to each conductor opening to monitor when maintenance or re-torqueing of breaker terminals must occur.
  • This type of maintenance activity is required from time to time due the heating and cooling of the electrical conductor under load thus, causing the breaker-conductor-terminating screws to become loose causing heat build up in the wire to breaker interface due to a loosening connection from the heating and cooling.
  • Ambient temperature conditions are sensed at 52 to understand temperature deltas between reference and wire interface.
  • the new branch circuit capacity monitoring system also provides for the
  • the system improves on what's in the market today by communications with the multi-enterprise database engineering system that will document the placement and phases of the individual circuits before they are installed. This will allow the system to understand the power consumption of any circuit engineered anywhere within the load center shown in Fig 9. and accurately calculate its power consumption. This is possible because we understand the makeup of the circuit within the software system as engineered by the circuit designer. It will thus eliminate the field-based setup necessary to program or install products described in existing art eliminating another field-based labor component.
  • Fig 5E sample loads 1-6 and calculate the loads of a 1 Pole, 2 Pole, 3 Pole Delta circuit or 3 Pole Wye circuit containing a neutral conductor in both balanced and unbalanced cases based on circuit grouping.
  • the software based engineering system also manages circuit threshold monitoring as a structured part of the circuit design process thus further saving time when setting up a branch circuit monitoring system as threshold management is built into the engineering design and configuration of the electrical system.
  • the system is able to further extend threshold monitoring by introducing capacity threshold levels and warn via (e.g. email, pager, text%) as well as advising the designer to avoid the placement of any new loads on a discreet part of the electrical system during the implementation of new circuits, this may be determined by a limit at the load center or some higher component in the electrical hierarchy limiting power available in our panel load center.
  • the system may also create other capacity limits that would create an active management system that would open a record when a discreet component exceeding its capacity was placed in this capacity queue for review and remediation by facility personnel.
  • the system can project when new capacity is needed to be brought online by creating a build threshold that would alert our facility manager to build new infrastructure and would warn them in time to build new without depleting existing supply thus insuring no business interruption due to infrastructure scarcity.
  • the software system may be configured to auto-provision Fig 2a branch circuits to the end user requestor of the system. This will replace intermediate human interaction with the software system to deliver new circuits. Essentially creating a shortened workflow process of just user request and circuit installation thereby making the software system the gatekeeper of all capacity information without further human intervention.
  • the system provides a recommended circuit based on user input but allows the flexibility for the user to reject the first system suggestion and find alternate available circuit choices.
  • 39.6 reserved load can be recalibrated by our engineer based on the actual demand. This releases stranded capacity that the engineer had booked to the load center based on the original circuit request and provides it back to the system for additional consumption.
  • the system may also provide metrics that may be used to charge-back consumption of facility resources based on the rate of consumption of power. Power has become one of the over-riding cost factors in today's facility. It only makes sense for business or government entities to look to this type of metric to replace past facility metrics like cost per square foot.
  • API Application Programming Interface
  • the system also supports the tracking and management of all the physical appliances placed in the field to support data collection.
  • a system and method for engineering an electrical system at a web browser or software application Fig 1, for a facility electrical system Fig 7 from its utility source or utility transformer to the electrical load or electrical consumption component are provided.
  • the system/method receives information related to the electrical hardware components in a computer data system that relates every electrical component within the building or facility to their parent, child or sibling connection and thus documents the facility electrical system within the data system and stores the work product of an engineer or other person creating, updating or modifying the electrical system in a computer database.
  • the system and method stores the work product of an engineer or designer for a facility or group of facilities at a first geographic location and for a facility or group of facilities at a second geographic location for a business or government entity.
  • the system and method display the interdependencies between the parent, child and sibling electrical components Fig 19 and Fig 20 designed within the system in a web browser to understand the hierarchal dependencies between parent and child components, child and parent components, or sibling components within the data structure.
  • the system and method also outputs a snap shot of the design of the electrical system in a graphical format or single-line CAD drawing format representing the hierarchal details and connections between components. Or it may provide output of various tables in CAD format necessary to provide connection documentation for the electrical system to be included in architectural plans for permit and construction purposes.
  • a system and method at a web browser for a user to request additional electrical infrastructure Fig 2 and Fig 2a or circuits or their addition, removal or movement involve: 1) receiving information related to the electrical components in a computer data system, or email, text or pager system thus storing the work product of the user requesting the updating or modifying the facility electrical system in a computer database; 2) forwarding that information within the users request to single or multiple approval steps and once approved by an authorized user(s) at a web browser; 3) forwarding the work product of the approval step(s) within the system to an engineer or facility designer to act on the user request to update the facility electrical system to satisfy the users request at a web browser; 4) forwarding the work product of the engineer within the systems to an electrical installer to act on the changes specified within the system by the engineer at a web browser; 5) outputting reports that depict the changes to the facility electrical system for the electrical installer to perform work and labels generated by the system to tag or physically identify the new electrical components being installed; and 6) completing the work product within
  • a system and method for electrical system capacity planning, at a web browser, a facility electrical systems from its utility source or utility transformer to the electrical load or electrical consumption component depicted in the system includes: receiving information related to the real-time characteristics of the electrical system and storing them for detailed analysis in a computer system Fig 19, Fig 22 or printed report the present characteristics of the electrical system compared to the beginning capacity of each component and receiving information at a web browser future loads that will be placed on the electrical system and reserving those loads against capacity of the system depicted in Fig. 1 thus providing output of the current state of the facility electrical system as well a future state of the system based on reserved loads.
  • the electrical component may be a power strip 176 connected to a power panel branch circuits or providing power to electrical consuming devices from a facility load center panel 174 or the electrical component may be a power panel, remote power panel or load center providing power to electrical consuming devices such as factory equipment, building systems infrastructure or IT hardware.
  • the electrical component may also be a PDU 173 or electric distribution board providing the source power for the downstream components of a power panel or the output panel of a UPS 171 system or intermediary distribution board providing the source to a PDU or electric distribution board.
  • the UPS system is documented as a single system or a plurality of aggregated systems providing conditioned and uninterruptible power to a UPS output distribution board or downstream source for a PDU.
  • the system can be used to determine the remaining capacity of the electrical infrastructure to add additional distribution from the electrical system to load consuming devices safely and without risk of over-provisioning the system.
  • the system creates a work or trouble queue and logs an entry to manage, build or remediate capacity issues based on a preset threshold or thresholds that may be identified in the data system work product.
  • the system may also report on and track capacity at a single building geographic location and at a second geographic location for a building or campus or collection of buildings, and for all buildings managed by the system for the customer as an enterprise.
  • the system may be used to support a second customer business or government entity on the same system.
  • the system and method report Fig 20, Fig 21, Fig 23, at a web browser or printed report for a facility electrical system, specialized reports about consumption and usage efficiency and organizes the data into known metrics for tracking such consumption like PUE, DCIE, Carbon Footprint, KWH, and Tons as well as others that can be constructed from within the given universe of data being tracked.
  • the system may use the above information to improve the performance of a facility as a whole or subset of components within the electrical or cooling infrastructure of such a facility.
  • the system also may use the above information to charge back services received from the facility
  • infrastructure based on consumption metrics or portions thereof either to an internal corporate or governmental business entity or to an external customer of that business receiving services from that infrastructure.
  • the appliance connects to the multi-enterprise database and populates the appliance data store with all components that must be monitored.
  • the appliance may provide data directly to another customer system directly from its own internal application programming interface or from a multi-enterprise database application programming interface and may alert on a threshold condition via email, text, pager or phone.
  • a system and method for monitoring power Fig 5C in a high- density branch circuit capacity monitoring installation by consolidating split core current transformers, Rogowski coils or embedded Rogowski coils on a printed circuit board array are provided.
  • the system may couple the printed circuit board to a circuit board containing the electronics necessary to perform circuit monitoring and interfacing with the circuit information stored in the data system with the ability to measure loads on a plurality of polyphase circuits in a distribution load center having been specifically physically constructed to reduce the time to install such a device on conductors that are unable to be disconnected.
  • the system can be used for monitoring current and voltage of power panel mains, neutral and current ground bus bars external to the high-density printed circuit board array and for automatically associating each current sensor with its respective panel location identity thus requiring no field programming.
  • the system can be used to monitor Current (Amps), Voltage, Reactive Power, Real Power, Apparent Power, Power Factor, Frequency, accumulated power, % Load, THD, Crest Factor, K- factor of each individual circuit and for the panel board in total requiring circuit identification from the system.
  • the system may be used to monitor two 21 -pole 193 or one 42 -pole electric load center or other sizes to mate with a manufacturers panel board.
  • the system may log electrical activity and store for later retrieval.
  • the system may also output electrical activity data through standard building management protocols such as modbus and BACnet either through a serial connection or an IP based LAN connection or through an on-board wireless radio meeting 802.15.4 or 802.1 1 standards for wireless communication.
  • a system and method for measuring and monitoring current, KVA, KW, KWH, Power factor for polyphase circuits and calculating the discrete consumption of each circuit Fig 5E as each polyphase circuits is described within the software system where the phase of each conductor that comprises the circuit Fig 5E sample load table circuits 1-6 is known to the data structure and can be used to accurately describe each circuit to the high-density branch circuit capacity monitoring hardware.
  • the system may be used to calculate the metrics for a single pole circuit, for a 2-pole circuit, for a 3 -pole 3 -wire delta circuit in a balanced or unbalanced state, for a 3 -pole 4-wire wye circuit, for panel mains thus providing the load for a plurality of circuits dependent on these panel mains.
  • the system may also determine the remaining useful capacity of a 1, 2, or 3 pole circuit and/or the remaining useful capacity of the panel mains as well as all other components measured in the facility electrical distribution system.
  • a system and method to calculate or auto-calculate various engineering studies of the designed electrical system such as Arc-flash, fault-current, voltage- drop, breaker coordination, conductor length ampacity studies as well as others on the entire electrical system or any two points in the electrical system as chosen by the user.
  • a system and method to store the data associated with any component of the documented electrical system have the ability to select that component from within the software system and reference the manufacturers or operations
  • a system and method to fail a single node or a plurality of nodes within the electrical system to determine if any load being supported by a plurality of unique electrical distribution legs will fail upon disruption, thus dropping critical electrical load through failure includes not only the failure of a node but also the resulting increased consumption on remaining nodes supplying power to our critical load validating if the remaining supply can maintain the load or will itself fail due to the resulting
  • a system and method to correlate financial metrics to the facility electrical system Fig 23 by providing inspection of the cost of the facility based on a time interval such as hourly, daily, monthly, yearly and inputting the cost for power, total capital expenses and total operating expenses relating to that facility or the capability to create a chart of accounts for capital, operating and power expenses and correlating those costs to the facility.
  • a time interval such as hourly, daily, monthly, yearly and inputting the cost for power, total capital expenses and total operating expenses relating to that facility or the capability to create a chart of accounts for capital, operating and power expenses and correlating those costs to the facility.
  • a system and method provides for the collaboration of

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé électriques comprenant un système logiciel fournissant à l'ingénieur électricien ou à l'ingénieur concepteur en électricité la possibilité de concevoir et de documenter l'ensemble de l'infrastructure électrique dans une installation. Les système et procédé selon l'invention permettent de contrôler un groupe d'opérations d'installation et de gérer la capacité, la consommation et le risque. L'invention permet également au personnel des technologies de l'information ou au système de gestion des projets/du changement de connaître les capacités du système électrique et d'obtenir des mesures financières permettant au département des finances et à toutes les parties de comprennent le coût de l'installation du point de vue des opérations, du capital et de la consommation d'énergie.
PCT/US2011/052838 2010-09-22 2011-09-22 Electrotechnique et système et procédé de gestion de capacité Ceased WO2012040515A1 (fr)

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CN110298585B (zh) * 2019-06-28 2024-01-26 云南电网有限责任公司昭通供电局 一种变电站设备监控信息分层分级自动审核方法
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