WO2011132232A1 - 触媒異常診断装置 - Google Patents
触媒異常診断装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011132232A1 WO2011132232A1 PCT/JP2010/002948 JP2010002948W WO2011132232A1 WO 2011132232 A1 WO2011132232 A1 WO 2011132232A1 JP 2010002948 W JP2010002948 W JP 2010002948W WO 2011132232 A1 WO2011132232 A1 WO 2011132232A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- rich
- value
- lean
- fuel ratio
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
- F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
- F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1624—Catalyst oxygen storage capacity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an abnormality diagnosis of a catalyst, and more particularly to an apparatus for diagnosing an abnormality of a catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine.
- a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas is installed in the exhaust system.
- Some of these catalysts have an oxygen storage capacity (O 2 storage capacity).
- O 2 storage capacity oxygen storage capacity
- the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst becomes larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (stoichiometric), that is, when the engine becomes lean
- the catalyst having oxygen storage capacity occludes excess oxygen present in the exhaust gas.
- the fuel ratio becomes smaller than stoichiometric, that is, when it becomes rich, the stored oxygen is released.
- air-fuel ratio control is performed so that the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is in the vicinity of the stoichiometric.
- a post-catalyst sensor for detecting the exhaust air / fuel ratio downstream of the catalyst is provided, and at the same time as the output of the post-catalyst sensor is reversed, the lean control and the rich control are switched, and the measurement of the oxygen amount is finished. I am doing so.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst abnormality diagnosis device that can improve diagnosis accuracy and suppress erroneous diagnosis.
- An apparatus for diagnosing abnormality of a catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine Obtaining means for obtaining a pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio which is an exhaust air-fuel ratio upstream of the catalyst; A post-catalyst sensor for detecting the exhaust air-fuel ratio downstream of the catalyst; Active air-fuel ratio control means for controlling the air-fuel ratio on the upstream side of the catalyst alternately lean and rich at the boundary of the stoichiometry, Determining means for determining whether the catalyst is normal or abnormal; With The active air-fuel ratio control means switches between the lean control and the rich control at the same time when the output of the post-catalyst sensor reaches a predetermined threshold value, The determination means starts from the first time point when the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio acquired by the acquisition means reaches the stoichiometric state after the post-catalyst sensor output reaches the threshold value, and the post-catalyst sensor output
- the threshold value includes a lean threshold value that defines a switching timing from the lean control to the rich control, and a rich threshold value that defines a switching timing from the rich control to the lean control
- the lean threshold is set to a value that is richer than a reference lean determination value that is set leaner than the stoichiometric equivalent value of the post-catalyst sensor output
- the rich threshold is set to a value on the lean side of the reference rich determination value determined on the rich side with respect to the stoichiometric equivalent value.
- the lean threshold and the rich threshold are set to be equal to each other.
- the lean threshold and the rich threshold are set to a value equal to the stoichiometric value.
- the lean threshold value is set to a value on the rich side from the stoichiometric equivalent value
- the rich threshold value is set to a value on the lean side from the stoichiometric equivalent value.
- the lean threshold and the rich threshold are set according to the exhaust gas flow rate.
- the rate of change is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the post-catalyst sensor outputs at the first time point and the second time point by the time from the first time point to the second time point.
- the rate of change is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the post-catalyst sensor outputs at the first time point and the second time point by the amount of exhaust gas from the first time point to the second time point.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of the catalyst.
- FIG. 3 is a time chart of active air-fuel ratio control in the basic method.
- FIG. 4 is a time chart showing a method for measuring the oxygen storage capacity in the basic method.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing output characteristics of the pre-catalyst sensor and the post-catalyst sensor.
- FIG. 6 is a time chart showing a test result at the time of rich control, and is a case of a normal catalyst.
- FIG. 7 is a time chart showing a test result at the time of rich control, and is a case of an abnormal catalyst.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart showing the transition of each value in the abnormality diagnosis of this embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a time chart in which FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are modified to conform to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart regarding active air-fuel ratio control.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart regarding change rate detection.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart relating to the determination of whether the catalyst is normal or abnormal.
- FIG. 13 is another flowchart relating to the determination of whether the catalyst is normal or abnormal.
- FIG. 14 shows a map for setting the rich threshold.
- FIG. 15 shows a map for setting the lean threshold.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the present embodiment.
- an engine 1 that is an internal combustion engine burns a mixture of fuel and air in a combustion chamber 3 formed in a cylinder block 2 and reciprocates a piston 4 in the combustion chamber 3 to drive power. Is generated.
- the engine 1 of the present embodiment is a multi-cylinder engine for automobiles (only one cylinder is shown), and is a spark ignition type internal combustion engine, more specifically, a gasoline engine.
- the cylinder head of the engine 1 is provided with an intake valve Vi for opening and closing the intake port and an exhaust valve Ve for opening and closing the exhaust port for each cylinder.
- Each intake valve Vi and each exhaust valve Ve are opened and closed by a camshaft (not shown).
- a spark plug 7 for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 3 is attached to the top of the cylinder head for each cylinder.
- the intake port of each cylinder is connected to a surge tank 8 which is an intake manifold through an intake manifold.
- An intake pipe 13 that forms an intake manifold passage is connected to the upstream side of the surge tank 8, and an air cleaner 9 is provided at the upstream end of the intake pipe 13.
- the intake pipe 13 includes an air flow meter 5 for detecting an air amount per unit time flowing into the engine, that is, an intake air amount Ga (g / s), and an electronically controlled throttle valve 10 in order from the upstream side. Is provided.
- An intake passage is formed by the intake port, the intake manifold, the surge tank 8 and the intake pipe 13.
- An injector for injecting fuel into the intake passage, particularly the intake port, that is, a fuel injection valve 12 is provided for each cylinder.
- the fuel injected from the injector 12 is mixed with intake air to form an air-fuel mixture.
- the air-fuel mixture is sucked into the combustion chamber 3 when the intake valve Vi is opened, compressed by the piston 4, and ignited and burned by the spark plug 7. It is done.
- the exhaust port of each cylinder is connected to an exhaust pipe 6 forming an exhaust collecting passage through an exhaust manifold.
- An exhaust passage is formed by the exhaust port, the exhaust manifold, and the exhaust pipe 6.
- the exhaust pipe 6 is provided with a catalyst composed of a three-way catalyst having oxygen storage capacity, that is, an upstream catalyst 11 and a downstream catalyst 19 in series on the upstream side and the downstream side.
- the upstream catalyst 11 is disposed immediately after the exhaust manifold, and the downstream catalyst 19 is disposed under the floor of the vehicle.
- air-fuel ratio sensors that detect the air-fuel ratio (exhaust air-fuel ratio) of exhaust gas based on the oxygen concentration, that is, the pre-catalyst sensor 17 and the post-catalyst sensor 18, are provided.
- the pre-catalyst sensor 17 is a so-called wide-range air-fuel ratio sensor, can continuously detect the air-fuel ratio over a relatively wide range, and outputs a signal having a value proportional to the air-fuel ratio.
- the post-catalyst sensor 18 comprises a so-called oxygen sensor (O 2 sensor), and has a characteristic (Z characteristic) in which the output value changes suddenly with the theoretical air-fuel ratio as a boundary.
- the above-described spark plug 7, throttle valve 10, injector 12 and the like are electrically connected to an electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as ECU) 20 as control means.
- the ECU 20 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an input / output port, a storage device, and the like, all not shown.
- the ECU 20 includes a crank angle sensor 14 that detects the crank angle of the engine 1, and an accelerator opening that detects the accelerator opening, as shown in the figure.
- the degree sensor 15 and other various sensors are electrically connected via an A / D converter or the like (not shown).
- the ECU 20 controls the ignition plug 7, the injector 12, the throttle valve 10, etc. so as to obtain a desired output based on the detection values of various sensors, etc., and the ignition timing, fuel injection amount, fuel injection timing, throttle opening. Control the degree etc.
- the ECU 20 controls the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the combustion chamber 3 so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the upstream catalyst 11 and the downstream catalyst 19 matches the stoichiometry during normal operation of the engine.
- the feedback control is performed based on the output of the pre-catalyst sensor 17 (specifically, the fuel injection amount from the injector 12).
- the downstream catalyst 19 is configured in the same manner as the upstream catalyst 11.
- a coating material 31 is coated on the surface of a carrier base material (not shown), and a large number of particulate catalyst components 32 are supported on the coating material 31 in a dispersed manner.
- the catalyst 11 is exposed inside.
- the catalyst component 32 is mainly composed of a noble metal such as Pt or Pd, and serves as an active point for reacting exhaust gas components such as NOx, HC and CO.
- the coating material 31 plays a role of a promoter that promotes a reaction at the interface between the exhaust gas and the catalyst component 32 and includes an oxygen storage component capable of absorbing and releasing oxygen according to the air-fuel ratio of the atmospheric gas.
- the oxygen storage component is made of, for example, cerium dioxide CeO 2 or zirconia. Note that “absorption” or “adsorption” may be used in the same meaning as “occlusion”.
- the oxygen storage component present around the catalyst component 32 absorbs oxygen from the atmospheric gas, and as a result, NOx is reduced and purified.
- the atmospheric gas in the catalyst is richer than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, oxygen stored in the oxygen storage component is released, and the released oxygen oxidizes and purifies HC and CO.
- This oxygen absorption / release action can absorb this variation even if the actual air-fuel ratio varies somewhat with respect to stoichiometry during normal stoichiometric air-fuel ratio control.
- the new catalyst 11 As described above, a large number of catalyst components 32 are evenly distributed, and the contact probability between the exhaust gas and the catalyst component 32 is kept high. However, when the catalyst 11 deteriorates, some of the catalyst components 32 are lost, and some of the catalyst components 32 are baked and solidified by exhaust heat (see broken lines in the figure). If it becomes like this, the contact probability of exhaust gas and the catalyst component 32 will fall, and it will become the cause of reducing a purification rate. In addition to this, the amount of the coating material 31 existing around the catalyst component 32, that is, the amount of the oxygen storage component decreases, and the oxygen storage capacity itself decreases.
- the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst 11 can be expressed by the size of the oxygen storage capacity (OSC; O 2 Storage Capacity, unit is g), which is the amount of oxygen that the current catalyst 11 can store or release. That is, as the degree of deterioration of the catalyst is small and the oxygen storage capacity is high, the oxygen storage capacity increases, and as the degree of deterioration of the catalyst is large and the oxygen storage capacity is low, the oxygen storage capacity decreases.
- OSC oxygen storage capacity
- a method of measuring the oxygen storage capacity and diagnosing a catalyst abnormality based on the measured value that is, a Cmax method is generally employed. This method is called a basic method.
- the active air-fuel ratio control is first executed by the ECU 20. That is, the ECU 20 controls the air-fuel ratio on the upstream side of the catalyst, specifically, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 3 alternately and richly and lean, with the stoichiometric A / Fs being the central air-fuel ratio as a boundary. As a result, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas supplied to the catalyst 11 is also controlled to be rich and lean alternately.
- active air-fuel ratio control and diagnosis are executed only when predetermined preconditions are satisfied. This precondition will be described later.
- the broken line indicates the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft
- the solid line indicates the output of the pre-catalyst sensor 17 (however, the converted value to the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr).
- the solid line indicates the output of the post-catalyst sensor 18 (however, the output voltage Vr).
- the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is set to a lean air-fuel ratio A / Fl (for example, 15.1), and a lean gas having an air-fuel ratio equal to the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is supplied to the catalyst 11.
- the catalyst 11 continues to occlude oxygen. However, when the oxygen is occluded until it is saturated, that is, full, it can no longer occlude oxygen. As a result, the lean gas passes through the catalyst 11 and flows out downstream of the catalyst 11.
- the output of the post-catalyst sensor 18 changes to the lean side, and at the time t1 when the output voltage Vr reaches a predetermined lean determination value VL (for example, 0.2 V), the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft becomes the rich air-fuel ratio A / It is switched to Fr (for example, 14.1).
- VL for example, 0.2 V
- Fr for example, 14.1
- the air-fuel ratio control is switched from lean control to rich control, and rich gas having an air-fuel ratio equal to the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is supplied.
- the catalyst 11 When the rich gas is supplied, the catalyst 11 continues to release the stored oxygen. When the stored oxygen is eventually released from the catalyst 11, the catalyst 11 cannot release oxygen at that time, and the rich gas passes through the catalyst 11 and flows out downstream of the catalyst 11. When this happens, the output of the post-catalyst sensor 18 changes to the rich side, and at the time t2 when the output voltage Vr reaches a predetermined rich determination value VR (for example, 0.6 V), the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft becomes the lean air-fuel ratio A / It is switched to Fl. As a result, the air-fuel ratio control is switched from rich control to lean control, and a lean gas having an air-fuel ratio equal to the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is supplied.
- a predetermined rich determination value VR for example, 0.6 V
- a set of adjacent lean control and rich control is defined as one cycle of active air-fuel ratio control.
- Active air-fuel ratio control is executed in a predetermined N cycle (N is an integer of 2 or more).
- the lean determination value VL is a threshold value that defines the switching timing from lean control to rich control. As shown in FIG. 5, the lean determination value VL is set to a value smaller (lean side) than the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst of the post-catalyst sensor output.
- the rich determination value VR serves as a threshold value that defines the switching timing from the rich control to the lean control. As shown in FIG. 5, the rich determination value VR is set in advance to a value that is larger (rich side) than the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst of the post-catalyst sensor output.
- the oxygen storage capacity OSC of the catalyst 11 is measured by the following method.
- the oxygen storage capacity OSC is measured as follows. As shown in FIG. 4, immediately after the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is switched to the rich air-fuel ratio A / Fr at time t1, the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff as an actual value is slightly delayed with the rich air-fuel ratio A / Ff. Switch to Fr. From the time t11 when the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff reaches the stoichiometric A / Fs to the time t2 when the post-catalyst sensor output Vr is next reversed, the oxygen storage capacity for each predetermined calculation cycle is obtained by the following equation (1).
- the oxygen storage capacity OSC as the final integrated value during the rich control, that is, the amount of released oxygen indicated by OSCb in FIG. 4 is measured.
- the oxygen storage capacity that is, the amount of stored oxygen indicated by OSCa in FIG. 4 is measured according to the previous equation (1).
- the released oxygen amount and the stored oxygen amount are alternately measured.
- the normality / abnormality of the catalyst is determined by the following method.
- the ECU 20 calculates an average value OSCav of the measured values of the released oxygen amount and the stored oxygen amount.
- the average value OSCav is compared with a predetermined abnormality determination value ⁇ .
- the ECU 20 determines that the catalyst 11 is normal when the average value OSCav is greater than the abnormality determination value ⁇ , and determines that the catalyst 11 is abnormal when the average value OSCav is less than or equal to the abnormality determination value ⁇ .
- a warning device not shown
- a check lamp such as a check lamp
- Oxygen storage capacity OSC and “oxygen amount” are terms that encompass “amount of stored oxygen OSCa” and “amount of released oxygen OSCb”.
- FIG. 6 shows the case of a normal catalyst
- (A) shows the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft, the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff (line a) detected by the pre-catalyst sensor 17, and the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Fr (line b).
- an air-fuel ratio sensor similar to the pre-catalyst sensor 17 is installed for testing on the downstream side of the catalyst, and the air-fuel ratio detected by this air-fuel ratio sensor is set as the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Fr.
- (B) shows the post-catalyst sensor output Vr
- (C) shows the integrated value of the released oxygen amount OSCb.
- the post-catalyst sensor output Vr can vary within the range of 0 to 1 (V).
- the released oxygen amount OSCb is integrated.
- the final integrated value of the released oxygen amount OSCb at the time t3 can be expressed by the area of the region c shown in (A). This region c is a region sandwiched between the stoichiometry (14.6) and the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff from time t1 to time t3.
- the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Fr is slightly richer than stoichiometric during this period t1 to t3.
- the area of the region d sandwiched between the stoichiometry and the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Fr is the portion of the rich gas that could not be actually processed by the catalyst, in other words, the amount of oxygen that could not be released from the catalyst (OSCe for convenience) Represents.
- the area of the region d corresponds to an error in the total released oxygen amount OSCb at time t3.
- the value obtained by subtracting the area (OSCe) of the region d from the area (OSCb) of the region c represents the amount of oxygen actually released from the catalyst.
- the measured released oxygen amount OSCb includes the actually released oxygen amount OSCe.
- the error itself cannot be measured alone.
- the region c sandwiched between the stoichiometry and the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff is measured as the released oxygen amount OSCb.
- the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Fr starts to decrease to the rich side at time t2 between time t1 and time t3, and the post-catalyst sensor output
- the rate of increase or change rate of Vr to the rich side has begun to increase. This is considered to mean that the release of oxygen from the catalyst is substantially completed at time t2, and thereafter oxygen remaining in the catalyst is released relatively slowly. Alternatively, it is considered that the main oxygen release of the catalyst is completed at the time t2, and then the secondary residual oxygen is released.
- (C) schematically shows the amount of oxygen OSCe corresponding to the error.
- the proportion of the oxygen amount OSCe corresponding to the error is relatively small.
- the ratio of the error is very large in the released oxygen amount OSCb measured in the period t2 to t3.
- the error amount in the period t2 to t3 accounts for a large proportion of the total released oxygen amount. it is conceivable that.
- (C) schematically shows the amount of oxygen OSCe corresponding to the error.
- the proportion of the oxygen amount OSCe corresponding to the error is large.
- the error rate immediately before reversing the sensor output after the catalyst increases compared to the case of a normal catalyst, and the rate of increase of the measured value with respect to the true value also increases.
- an abnormal catalyst is actually misdiagnosed as normal.
- the difference in the measured oxygen amount between the normal catalyst and the abnormal catalyst cannot be enlarged, and there is a possibility that sufficient diagnostic accuracy cannot be ensured particularly in the case of a catalyst where these differences are originally small.
- This problem is also caused by a control delay near the time when the sensor output after the catalyst is reversed. That is, the post-catalyst sensor 18 has a response delay that the output does not immediately switch to the rich side even when the rich gas is actually supplied. There is also a transport delay in which it takes time for the rich gas to reach the vicinity of the catalyst after the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber 3 is switched to rich. Control delay including these response delays and transport delays. During the control delay period, the unpurified rich gas is exhausted from the catalyst, so that the emission deteriorates.
- the diagnostic method is changed from the basic method as follows. Briefly speaking, the measurement of the oxygen amount itself is abolished first.
- the inversion timing of the post-catalyst sensor output is set earlier than the basic method. More preferably, the inversion timing of the post-catalyst sensor output is made as close as possible to the substantial oxygen absorption / release end timing, such as time t2 shown in FIGS. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the untreated gas (rich gas or lean gas) from flowing out of the catalyst after the oxygen absorption / release of the catalyst is substantially completed. And the diagnostic error and emission deterioration resulting from this untreated gas can be suppressed.
- FIG. 8 shows the transition of each value in the abnormality diagnosis of this embodiment.
- A shows the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft and the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff in the case of a normal catalyst.
- B shows the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft and the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff in the case of an abnormal catalyst.
- (C) shows the post-catalyst sensor output Vr in the case of a normal catalyst and in the case of an abnormal catalyst.
- (D) shows the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the upstream catalyst 11. For each value in the figure, the subscript “n” is attached in the case of a normal catalyst, and the subscript “a” is attached in the case of an abnormal catalyst.
- the air-fuel ratio control is switched from rich control to lean control. Thereafter, in the case of a normal catalyst, the air-fuel ratio control is switched to rich control at time t2n and switched to lean control at time t3n. In the case of an abnormal catalyst, the air-fuel ratio control is switched to rich control at time t2a, switched to lean control at time t3a, and switched to rich control at time t4a. Thus, the active air-fuel ratio control is still executed in this embodiment.
- the threshold value of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr that defines these switching timings is composed of two types of threshold values, and defines the lean threshold value VLX that defines the switching timing from lean control to rich control, and the switching timing from rich control to lean control. And a rich threshold value VRX.
- the lean threshold value VLX is set to a value on the rich side with respect to the lean determination value VL
- the rich threshold value VRX is set to a value on the lean side with respect to the rich determination value VRX.
- the lean threshold value VLX and the rich threshold value VRX are set to the same value, and in particular, set to the same value as the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst (for example, 0.5 (V)) shown in FIG. Has been.
- the reverse timing of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr and the switching timing of the air-fuel ratio control are earlier than the basic method described above (FIGS. 3 and 4). Therefore, it is possible to eliminate as much as possible the influence of the untreated gas flowing out from the catalyst after the substantial oxygen absorption / release of the catalyst is completed, and to reduce the diagnostic error.
- FIG. 8 what should be noted in FIG. 8 is the behavior of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr after the post-catalyst sensor output Vr reaches the threshold values VLX and VRX.
- the post-catalyst sensor output Vr rises more rapidly than in the case of a normal catalyst, and the value of its maximum peak (rich peak) is also large.
- the post-catalyst sensor output Vr after switching changes more rapidly and greatly. Therefore, by utilizing such a difference in the behavior of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr, the degree of abnormality of the catalyst can be estimated suitably and with high accuracy.
- the post-catalyst sensor output Vr After the post-catalyst sensor output Vr reaches the thresholds VLX and VRX, the post-catalyst sensor output Vr next reaches the thresholds VLX and VRX from the first time point when the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff reaches stoichiometry. Based on the change rate H of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr up to the second time point, it is determined whether the catalyst is normal or abnormal.
- the post-catalyst sensor output Vr reaches the rich threshold value VRX (t1) and is switched to lean control, and then the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff reaches stoichiometry at time t11n. This time t11n is the first time point. Then, the after-catalyst sensor output Vr reaches the lean threshold value VLX at time t2n. This time t2n is the second time point.
- the rate of change Hn of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr between time t11n and time t2n is calculated by dividing the difference between the post-catalyst sensor output Vr between time t11n and time t2n by the time from time t11n to time t2n. .
- the post-catalyst sensor output Vr reaches the rich threshold value VRX (t1) and is switched to lean control, and then the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff reaches stoichiometry at time t11a.
- This time t11a is the first time point.
- the after-catalyst sensor output Vr next reaches the lean threshold value VLX at time t2a. This time t2a is the second time point.
- the absolute value (or slope) of the change rate Ha of the abnormal catalyst is larger than the absolute value (or slope) of the change rate Hn of the normal catalyst. Therefore, the absolute value of the rate of change H represents the degree of abnormality of the catalyst. By comparing the absolute value of the rate of change H with a predetermined abnormality determination value ⁇ , it can be suitably determined whether the catalyst is normal or abnormal.
- the rate of change H during lean control has a negative value.
- the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff reaches stoichiometry at time t21n
- the post-catalyst sensor output Vr reaches the rich threshold value VRX, which is the next threshold value, at time t3n.
- the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff reaches stoichiometry at time t21a
- the post-catalyst sensor output Vr reaches the rich threshold value VRX that is the next threshold value at time t3a.
- the change rate H is a positive value.
- the rate of change H described above is defined as the rate of change per unit time, where the denominator is time.
- the change rate H changes depending on the exhaust gas flow rate, and the change rate H increases as the exhaust gas flow rate increases.
- the denominator of the change rate H may be defined as the exhaust gas amount, and the change rate H may be defined as the change rate per exhaust gas amount.
- the change rate Ha of the abnormal catalyst from time t11a to time t2a, from time t11a to time t2a, the exhaust gas flow rate is integrated and the amount of exhaust gas M that has passed through the catalyst within that period is calculated.
- ⁇ (Vr (t2a) ⁇ Vr (t11a) ⁇ ) is divided by the exhaust gas amount M, and the obtained value is defined as a change rate Ha.
- the exhaust gas flow rate may be directly detected by separately providing an exhaust gas flow rate sensor, but in the case of this embodiment, the value of the intake air amount Ga detected by the air flow meter 5 is substituted.
- the NOx concentrations Cn and Ca shown in FIG. 8D are concentrations of NOx discharged from the catalyst immediately after the end of the lean control (t1 to t2n or t1 to t2a).
- the NOx concentrations Cn and Ca have a correlation with the behavior of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr immediately after the end of lean control. That is, as the catalyst tends to be abnormal and the post-catalyst sensor output Vr changes rapidly and rapidly (that is, the absolute value of the rate of change H is large or the lean peak value is small), the NOx concentration rapidly increases. Increasing and emissions tend to get worse.
- the degree of emission deterioration is less than that of the basic method.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram in which FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are modified to conform to the present embodiment in order to make the difference from the basic method easy to understand.
- the lean threshold value VLX and the rich threshold value VRX are set equal to the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst.
- switching is not performed unless the post-catalyst sensor output Vr rises to a rich determination value VR larger than the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst.
- switching is performed when the post-catalyst sensor output Vr increases to the rich threshold value VRX on the lean side from the rich determination value VR, and switching is performed at an earlier timing.
- the rich threshold value VRX can be set to a value smaller than the rich determination value VR and slightly larger (rich side) than the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst, or set to a value smaller than the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst (lean side). You can also It is set to a value VRX ′ smaller than the lean determination value VL (eg, 0.2 V), set to a value VRX ′′ equal to the lean determination value VL, or a value VRX ′′ between the lean determination value VL and the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst. It can also be set to '.
- the value of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr at the timing when the post-catalyst sensor output Vr starts to rise specifically, the timing at which the differential value of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr becomes larger than a predetermined positive value, It may be defined as VRX.
- a predetermined positive value It may be defined as VRX.
- this timing is considered to be a timing at which the catalyst substantially ends oxygen release.
- the use of the differential value of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr may preferably detect the substantial oxygen absorption / release end timing of the catalyst.
- the lean threshold value VLX can be set to a value that is larger than the lean determination value VL and slightly smaller (lean side) than the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst, or is set to a value that is larger (rich side) than the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst. You can also. Set to a value VLX ′ larger than the rich determination value VR (for example, 0.6 V), set to a value VLX ′′ equal to the rich determination value VR, or a value VLX ′′ between the rich determination value VR and the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst It can also be set to '.
- the value of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr at the timing when the post-catalyst sensor output Vr starts to decrease, specifically, the timing at which the differential value of the post-catalyst sensor output Vr becomes smaller than a predetermined negative value is expressed as the lean threshold value VLX. It may be determined.
- the threshold values VRX and VLX may be set near the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst. It can be set to a value slightly larger (rich side) than the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst, or can be set to a value slightly smaller (lean side) than the stoichiometric equivalent value Vst. In any case, the rich threshold value VRX and the lean threshold value VLX can be set to optimum values in consideration of test results and the like.
- the released oxygen amount OSCb and the stored oxygen amount OSCa as illustrated are not measured. Alternatively, even if measured, those values are not the basis for diagnosis. If these are not measured, the calculation load of the ECU 20 can be greatly reduced.
- this embodiment can be implemented as follows. That is, for the sake of simplification, the case of the abnormal catalyst shown in FIG. 8 will be described. Based on only the rate of change Ha from time t11a during lean control to time t2a, whether the catalyst is normal or abnormal is determined, and time t21a during rich control. The rate of change Ha from time to time t3a is not used as a basis for diagnosis.
- the rich gas flowing out from the catalyst is supplied to the post-catalyst sensor 18 and its output changes to the rich side.
- the rich gas contains exhaust gas components having a relatively high diffusion rate, such as hydrogen (H 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ).
- H 2 hydrogen
- CH 4 methane
- the post-catalyst sensor output tends to be slightly richer than the true value.
- the absolute value or rate of change when the post-catalyst sensor output changes from Vr (t21a) to Vr (t3a) may be greater than the true value.
- the lean gas flowing out from the catalyst is supplied to the post-catalyst sensor 18 and its output changes to the lean side.
- the lean gas does not contain so much components such as hydrogen and methane, but rather contains many exhaust gas components having a normal diffusion rate such as oxygen (O 2 ) and NOx. For this reason, the above-described deviation of the post-catalyst sensor output is unlikely to occur.
- the absolute value or rate of change when the post-catalyst sensor output changes from Vr (t11a) to Vr (t2a) can be regarded as being equal to the true value.
- the normality / abnormality of the catalyst is determined based only on the change rate Ha during lean control, it can be expected that the detection accuracy of the change rate is improved and the diagnostic accuracy is improved.
- the diagnosis permission flag is turned on when a precondition for diagnosis is satisfied.
- the precondition here includes a condition that (1) the intake air amount Ga and the catalyst temperature Tc satisfy a predetermined relationship.
- the intake air amount Ga is detected by the air flow meter 5.
- the catalyst temperature Tc is estimated by the ECU 20 based on the engine operating state, but may be detected directly by a temperature sensor.
- the relationship between the intake air amount Ga during normal operation and the catalyst temperature Tc is mapped in advance, and diagnosis is permitted as normal operation when both actual values are within a predetermined range centered on the map value. .
- the diagnosis is prohibited because the operation is unsteady. This makes it possible to ensure a certain level of diagnostic accuracy.
- the condition (1) substantially means that the engine is in steady operation.
- the preconditions are (2) at least the upstream catalyst 11 is activated, (3) the pre-catalyst sensor 17 and the post-catalyst sensor 18 are activated, and (4) the diagnosis is not completed during the current trip. Each condition is included.
- the trip refers to the period from one start to stop of the engine.
- the diagnosis is executed once per trip, and (4) is established when the diagnosis has not been completed once during the current trip.
- diagnosis permission flag is not on (if off), the routine is terminated. On the other hand, when the diagnosis permission flag is turned on, the active air-fuel ratio control is executed after step S102.
- step S102 it is determined whether or not the present time is the first target air-fuel ratio A / Ft setting time. If the determination result is no, the process proceeds to step S106.
- step S103 determines whether or not the current post-catalyst sensor output Vr is greater than the rich threshold value VRX (rich side).
- step S104 the process proceeds to step S104, and the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is set to lean (for example, 15.1).
- step S105 the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is set to rich (for example, 14.1). The routine is then terminated.
- the initial target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is set to lean, and active air-fuel ratio control is started from lean control.
- the initial target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is set to rich, and active air-fuel ratio control is started from rich control.
- step S106 it is determined whether or not the current target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is rich.
- step S107 it is determined whether or not the post-catalyst sensor output Vr is equal to or greater than the rich threshold value VRX, that is, whether or not the post-catalyst sensor output Vr is reversed to the rich side. Is done. If no, the routine is terminated. If yes, the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is set to lean in step S108, and the routine is terminated after switching from rich control to lean control.
- step S106 if the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is lean in step S106, the process proceeds to step S109, and whether or not the after-catalyst sensor output Vr is less than or equal to the lean threshold value VLX (lean side), that is, the after-catalyst sensor output Vr is lean. It is determined whether or not it is reversed to the side. If no, the routine is terminated. If yes, the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is set to rich in step S110, and the routine is terminated after switching from lean control to rich control.
- VLX lean side
- This routine is also repeatedly executed by the ECU 20 every predetermined calculation cycle.
- step S201 it is determined whether the diagnosis permission flag is on and the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft has been set. If no, the process ends. If yes, the process proceeds to step S202.
- step S202 it is determined whether or not there is a switching history of the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft. If no, the process ends. If yes, the process proceeds to step S203.
- step S203 it is determined whether the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is rich. If the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is rich, the process proceeds to step S204. If the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is not rich (lean), the process proceeds to step S210.
- step S204 it is determined whether or not the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff detected by the pre-catalyst sensor 17 is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric value. If no, the process ends. If yes, the process proceeds to step S205.
- step S205 whether or not the post-catalyst sensor output Vr1 at time t1 when the pre-catalyst air / fuel ratio A / Ff first becomes equal to or lower than the stoichiometric (that is, when the pre-catalyst air / fuel ratio A / Ff reaches the stoichiometric) has been acquired. Is judged.
- step S206 the post-catalyst sensor output Vr1 at the time t1 is acquired, and the process proceeds to step S207. On the other hand, if already acquired, the process skips step S206 and proceeds to step S207.
- step S207 it is determined whether or not the post-catalyst sensor output Vr is equal to or greater than the rich threshold value VRX, that is, whether or not the post-catalyst sensor output Vr is reversed to the rich side. If no, the routine is terminated.
- step S208 the after-catalyst sensor output Vr2 at time t2 when the after-catalyst sensor output Vr first becomes equal to or greater than the rich threshold value VRX (that is, when the after-catalyst sensor output Vr reaches the rich threshold value VRX). To be acquired.
- step S210 it is determined whether or not the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ff has become stoichiometric or higher. If no, the process ends. If yes, the process proceeds to step S211.
- step S211 whether or not the post-catalyst sensor output Vr3 at time t3 when the pre-catalyst air / fuel ratio A / Ff first becomes equal to or higher than the stoichiometric (ie, when the pre-catalyst air / fuel ratio A / Ff reaches the stoichiometric) has been acquired. Is judged.
- step S212 the post-catalyst sensor output Vr3 at the time t3 is acquired, and the process proceeds to step S213. On the other hand, if it has already been acquired, step S212 is skipped and the process proceeds to step S213.
- step S213 it is determined whether or not the post-catalyst sensor output Vr is equal to or less than the lean threshold value VLX, that is, whether or not the post-catalyst sensor output Vr is reversed to the lean side. If no, the routine is terminated.
- step S214 the after-catalyst sensor output Vr4 at the time point t4 when the after-catalyst sensor output Vr first becomes equal to or less than the lean threshold value VLX (that is, when the after-catalyst sensor output Vr reaches the lean threshold value VLX). To be acquired.
- This routine is also repeatedly executed by the ECU 20 every predetermined calculation cycle. What is described here is a method of determining normality / abnormality using the rich control change rate HR.
- step S301 it is determined whether the diagnosis completion flag is on. If yes, the process ends. If no (if off), the process proceeds to step S302.
- step S302 it is determined whether or not the rich control change rate HR has been calculated. If no, the process ends. If yes, the process proceeds to step S303.
- step S303 the absolute value of the rich control change rate HR is compared with a predetermined rich control abnormality determination value ⁇ R.
- HR ⁇ ⁇ R the catalyst is determined to be abnormal in step S304, and when HR ⁇ R, the catalyst is determined to be normal in step S305.
- step S306 the diagnosis completion flag is turned on, the diagnosis permission flag is turned off, and the routine is terminated.
- FIG. 13 shows another routine for determining whether the catalyst is normal or abnormal. This routine is different from the routine in that the change rate HL during lean control is used instead of the change rate HR during rich control, and the others are substantially the same. Steps S401 and S404 to S406 are the same as steps S301 and S304 to 306.
- step S402 it is determined whether or not the lean control change rate HL has been calculated. If no, the process ends. If yes, the process proceeds to step S403.
- step S403 the absolute value of the lean control change rate HL is compared with a predetermined lean control abnormality determination value ⁇ L.
- HL ⁇ ⁇ L the catalyst is determined to be abnormal in step S404, and when HL ⁇ L, the catalyst is determined to be normal in step S405.
- the normal / abnormal determination is performed based on one rich control change rate HR or lean control change rate HL.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the normal / abnormal determination may be performed based on an average value of a plurality of rich control change rates HR during one active air-fuel ratio control.
- the positive / abnormal determination may be performed based on an average value of a plurality of lean control change rates HL during one active air-fuel ratio control.
- the normal / abnormal determination may be performed based on the average value of the change rate HR during rich control and the change rate HL during lean control during each active air-fuel ratio control.
- the rich threshold value VRX may be set according to a map as shown in FIG. 14 based on the exhaust gas flow rate, specifically, the intake air amount Ga which is a substitute value thereof. In this case, the rich threshold value VRX is not fixed to a constant value and is changed according to the intake air amount Ga.
- the lean threshold value VLX may be set according to a map as shown in FIG. 15 based on the exhaust gas flow rate, specifically, the intake air amount Ga that is a substitute value thereof. In this case, the lean threshold value VLX is not fixed to a constant value and is changed according to the intake air amount Ga.
- the lean threshold value VLX is increased (to the rich side) as the intake air amount Ga is increased, and switching to rich control is performed at an earlier timing.
- the influence of the exhaust gas flow rate on the post-catalyst sensor output Vr after switching can be reduced.
- the catalyst is normal or abnormal based on the rate of change of the post-catalyst sensor output after the post-catalyst sensor output reaches the threshold without measuring or taking into account the amount of absorbed and released oxygen. Determine whether. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate measurement errors caused by measuring the amount of oxygen that is not actually absorbed and released, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and suppressing erroneous diagnosis.
- the switching timing of the air-fuel ratio control can be made earlier than in the basic method, this can further improve the diagnostic accuracy and suppress erroneous diagnosis.
- the use and type of the internal combustion engine are arbitrary, and may be other than for automobiles, or may be a direct injection type or the like.
- the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio is directly detected by the pre-catalyst sensor 17, but the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio may be estimated by the ECU 20 based on the engine operating state. In any case, at least the ECU 20 constitutes acquisition means for acquiring the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
内燃機関の排気通路に配置された触媒の異常を診断する装置であって、
触媒上流側の排気空燃比である触媒前空燃比を取得する取得手段と、
触媒下流側の排気空燃比を検出する触媒後センサと、
触媒上流側の空燃比をストイキを境にリーンおよびリッチに交互に制御するアクティブ空燃比制御手段と、
前記触媒が正常か異常かを判定する判定手段と、
を備え、
前記アクティブ空燃比制御手段は、前記触媒後センサの出力が所定の閾値に達したと同時に前記リーン制御と前記リッチ制御とを切り替え、
前記判定手段は、前記触媒後センサ出力が前記閾値に達した後に前記取得手段により取得された触媒前空燃比がストイキに達する第1時点から、前記触媒後センサ出力が次に前記閾値に達する第2時点までの前記触媒後センサ出力の変化率に基づき、前記触媒が正常か異常かを判定する
ことを特徴とする触媒異常診断装置が提供される。
前記リーン閾値は、前記触媒後センサ出力のストイキ相当値よりもリーン側に定められた基準のリーン判定値よりもリッチ側の値に設定され、
前記リッチ閾値は、前記ストイキ相当値よりもリッチ側に定められた基準のリッチ判定値よりもリーン側の値に設定されている。
触媒11の酸素吸蔵能は、現状の触媒11が吸蔵または放出し得る酸素量である酸素吸蔵容量(OSC;O2 Storage Capacity、単位はg)の大きさによって表すことができる。すなわち、触媒の劣化度が小さく酸素吸蔵能が高いほど、酸素吸蔵容量は大きくなり、触媒の劣化度が大きく酸素吸蔵能が低いほど、酸素吸蔵容量は小さくなる。
次に、本実施形態の異常診断方法を説明する。なお「酸素吸蔵容量OSC」および「酸素量」とは、「吸蔵酸素量OSCa」と「放出酸素量OSCb」を包括する用語である。
次に、ECU20が実行する本実施形態の異常診断処理について説明する。まず図10を用いて、アクティブ空燃比制御のルーチンを説明する。このルーチンはECU20により所定の演算周期(例えば16msec)毎に繰り返し実行される。ここで図8および図9に示したように、リーン閾値VLXとリッチ閾値VRXはそれぞれストイキ相当値Vst(例えば0.5(V))と等しい値に設定されている。
Claims (8)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置された触媒の異常を診断する装置であって、
触媒上流側の排気空燃比である触媒前空燃比を取得する取得手段と、
触媒下流側の排気空燃比を検出する触媒後センサと、
触媒上流側の空燃比をストイキを境にリーンおよびリッチに交互に制御するアクティブ空燃比制御手段と、
前記触媒が正常か異常かを判定する判定手段と、
を備え、
前記アクティブ空燃比制御手段は、前記触媒後センサの出力が所定の閾値に達したと同時に前記リーン制御と前記リッチ制御とを切り替え、
前記判定手段は、前記触媒後センサ出力が前記閾値に達した後に前記取得手段により取得された触媒前空燃比がストイキに達する第1時点から、前記触媒後センサ出力が次に前記閾値に達する第2時点までの前記触媒後センサ出力の変化率に基づき、前記触媒が正常か異常かを判定する
ことを特徴とする触媒異常診断装置。 - 前記閾値は、前記リーン制御から前記リッチ制御への切替タイミングを規定するリーン閾値と、前記リッチ制御から前記リーン制御への切替タイミングを規定するリッチ閾値とからなり、
前記リーン閾値は、前記触媒後センサ出力のストイキ相当値よりもリーン側に定められた基準のリーン判定値よりもリッチ側の値に設定され、
前記リッチ閾値は、前記ストイキ相当値よりもリッチ側に定められた基準のリッチ判定値よりもリーン側の値に設定されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒異常診断装置。 - 前記リーン閾値と前記リッチ閾値が、互いに等しい値に設定されている
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の触媒異常診断装置。 - 前記リーン閾値と前記リッチ閾値が、前記ストイキ相当値と等しい値に設定されている
ことを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の触媒異常診断装置。 - 前記リーン閾値が、前記ストイキ相当値よりリッチ側の値に設定され、前記リッチ閾値が、前記ストイキ相当値よりリーン側の値に設定されている
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の触媒異常診断装置。 - 前記リーン閾値と前記リッチ閾値が、排気ガス流量に応じて設定される
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の触媒異常診断装置。 - 前記変化率が、前記第1時点と前記第2時点における前記触媒後センサ出力の差を、前記第1時点から前記第2時点までの時間で除してなる値である
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の触媒異常診断装置。 - 前記変化率が、前記第1時点と前記第2時点における前記触媒後センサ出力の差を、前記第1時点から前記第2時点までの排気ガス量で除してなる値である
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の触媒異常診断装置。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012511423A JP5273297B2 (ja) | 2010-04-23 | 2010-04-23 | 触媒異常診断装置 |
| PCT/JP2010/002948 WO2011132232A1 (ja) | 2010-04-23 | 2010-04-23 | 触媒異常診断装置 |
| US13/642,820 US8613219B2 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2010-04-23 | Catalyst abnormality diagnosis apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/002948 WO2011132232A1 (ja) | 2010-04-23 | 2010-04-23 | 触媒異常診断装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011132232A1 true WO2011132232A1 (ja) | 2011-10-27 |
Family
ID=44833797
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/002948 Ceased WO2011132232A1 (ja) | 2010-04-23 | 2010-04-23 | 触媒異常診断装置 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8613219B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5273297B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2011132232A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013224610A (ja) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | 触媒異常診断装置 |
| JP2015086861A (ja) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-05-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の異常診断装置 |
| EP2952704A4 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2016-01-27 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | ERROR DETECTION DEVICE FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5293885B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-23 | 2013-09-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒異常診断装置 |
| EP2667003B1 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2020-04-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Air-fuel ratio control device for internal combustion engine |
| JP6107586B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-02 | 2017-04-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
| JP6287939B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-13 | 2018-03-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP6624321B1 (ja) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-12-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 空燃比センサの異常検出装置、空燃比センサの異常検出システム、データ解析装置、内燃機関の制御装置、および空燃比センサの異常検出方法 |
| JP7151696B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-10-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒劣化検出装置 |
| US11932080B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-03-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods |
| US11828210B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-28 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction |
| US12377711B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2025-08-05 | Denso International America, Inc. | Vehicle feature control systems and methods based on smoking |
| US11760170B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods |
| US11760169B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors |
| US12269315B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2025-04-08 | Denso International America, Inc. | Systems and methods for measuring and managing odor brought into rental vehicles |
| US11881093B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-01-23 | Denso International America, Inc. | Systems and methods for identifying smoking in vehicles |
| US11813926B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-14 | Denso International America, Inc. | Binding agent and olfaction sensor |
| US11636870B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-04-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Smoking cessation systems and methods |
| US12017506B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-06-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Passenger cabin air control systems and methods |
| US12251991B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2025-03-18 | Denso International America, Inc. | Humidity control for olfaction sensors |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008031901A (ja) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-02-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の触媒劣化検出装置 |
| JP2009167987A (ja) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002364428A (ja) | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 触媒劣化判定装置 |
| JP4241533B2 (ja) | 2004-07-21 | 2009-03-18 | ソニー株式会社 | 対物レンズとこれを用いた光学ピックアップ装置、光記録再生装置及び収差補正方法 |
| JP4513714B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-21 | 2010-07-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒劣化検出方法 |
| JP5062529B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-28 | 2012-10-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒の劣化を診断するための装置及び方法 |
| DE112009004665T5 (de) * | 2009-04-16 | 2012-08-02 | Toyota Jidosha K.K. | Katalysatoranormalitätsdiagnosevorrichtung |
| CN102439279B (zh) * | 2009-05-21 | 2014-06-18 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 内燃机的空燃比控制装置 |
| JP5293885B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-23 | 2013-09-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒異常診断装置 |
-
2010
- 2010-04-23 WO PCT/JP2010/002948 patent/WO2011132232A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2010-04-23 US US13/642,820 patent/US8613219B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-04-23 JP JP2012511423A patent/JP5273297B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008031901A (ja) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-02-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の触媒劣化検出装置 |
| JP2009167987A (ja) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013224610A (ja) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | 触媒異常診断装置 |
| EP2952704A4 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2016-01-27 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | ERROR DETECTION DEVICE FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE |
| JP2015086861A (ja) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-05-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の異常診断装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5273297B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
| JPWO2011132232A1 (ja) | 2013-07-18 |
| US8613219B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
| US20130036808A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5273297B2 (ja) | 触媒異常診断装置 | |
| JP5293885B2 (ja) | 触媒異常診断装置 | |
| JP5062529B2 (ja) | 触媒の劣化を診断するための装置及び方法 | |
| JPWO2010119554A1 (ja) | 触媒異常診断装置 | |
| JP2010185371A (ja) | 触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP2009138604A (ja) | 内燃機関の触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP5212826B2 (ja) | 触媒異常診断装置 | |
| JP2010163885A (ja) | 触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP5260978B2 (ja) | 燃料性状判定装置及びこれを備えた触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP5494571B2 (ja) | 燃料性状判定装置及びこれを備えた触媒異常診断装置 | |
| JP2008291751A (ja) | 内燃機関の触媒劣化検出装置 | |
| JP2008175134A (ja) | 内燃機関の触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP2009127597A (ja) | 触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP2009036172A (ja) | 内燃機関の触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP2010159701A (ja) | 触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP4853792B2 (ja) | 触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP2012219803A (ja) | 燃料性状判定装置及びこれを備えた触媒異常診断装置 | |
| JP2010255490A (ja) | 触媒異常診断装置 | |
| JP2010168923A (ja) | 触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP2009150367A (ja) | 内燃機関の触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP2011231626A (ja) | 触媒異常診断装置 | |
| JP2009215924A (ja) | 燃料性状判別装置及びこれを備えた触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| JP2009121414A (ja) | 内燃機関の触媒劣化診断装置 | |
| WO2013157048A1 (ja) | 触媒異常診断装置 | |
| JP2014005797A (ja) | 硫黄被毒判定装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10850179 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012511423 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13642820 Country of ref document: US |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 10850179 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |