WO2011131523A1 - Procede de traitement d'eau en vue de son dessalement incluant une filtration a grande vitesse, et installation correspondante - Google Patents
Procede de traitement d'eau en vue de son dessalement incluant une filtration a grande vitesse, et installation correspondante Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011131523A1 WO2011131523A1 PCT/EP2011/055738 EP2011055738W WO2011131523A1 WO 2011131523 A1 WO2011131523 A1 WO 2011131523A1 EP 2011055738 W EP2011055738 W EP 2011055738W WO 2011131523 A1 WO2011131523 A1 WO 2011131523A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L17/00—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure
- F16L17/02—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket
- F16L17/03—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket having annular axial lips
- F16L17/035—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket having annular axial lips the sealing rings having two lips parallel to each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L39/00—Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L5/00—Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
- G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
- G05B11/012—Automatic controllers electric details of the transmission means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1906—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using an analogue comparing device
- G05D23/1913—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using an analogue comparing device delivering a series of pulses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/275—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing element expanding, contracting, or fusing in response to changes of temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/147—Microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Definitions
- a method of treating water for desalination including high speed filtration, and a corresponding installation.
- the field of the invention is that of the treatment of water with a view to its desalination.
- the invention relates to such a method which comprises the implementation of a filtration stage by reverse osmosis.
- the desalination of water generally includes a filtration step on one or more osmosis membranes. reverse.
- the water supplying these membranes must have a very good quality.
- SDI Silicon Density Index
- ASTM D4189-95 Joint Density Index
- SDI 15 is performed as follows. Water is filtered at a constant pressure of 2.1 bar through a filter whose cut-off point is equal to 0.45 micrometers. The time T0 required for the filtration of 500 ml of water as well as the time T15 necessary for the filtration of 500 ml of water after water has been filtered continuously for 15 minutes through the filter are measured. The SDI 15 is then calculated according to the following formula:
- SDIi5 (100/15). (L- (T0 / T15))
- the SDI 15 index ranges between 0 and 6.67 provided that the higher its value, the greater the clogging power of the water it is characterizes high.
- alternative indices can be calculated by measuring the time required for the filtration of 500 ml of water after water has been filtered continuously through the filter either for 15 minutes but for 3, 5 or 10 minutes depending on the nature of the water to be treated.
- Reverse osmosis membrane manufacturers typically recommend that the water intended to be filtered through the reverse osmosis membranes have, in the manner specified above, an SDI 15 whose value is between 3 and 3.5.
- Filtration on reverse osmosis membranes therefore requires the pretreatment of the feedwaters so as to give them the level of quality required by reverse osmosis membrane manufacturers.
- a first technique consists in filtering a previously coagulated and flocculated water:
- a granular filter comprising a filter mass of about 1.6 meters high consisting of an anthracite layer and a layer of sand, at a speed of the order of 7.5 m / h, then
- the filter cartridges (for example those supplied by Pall, Sartorius, etc.) are used upstream of reverse osmosis membranes or nanofiltration membranes as protection against particles (with dimensions greater than 5 ⁇ ) which could cause malfunctions in reverse osmosis membranes.
- the filter medium integrated in these cartridges comprises an organic membrane (polysulfone, po lyethersulfone, polypropylene ). These cartridges also allow elimination of microorganisms that have dimensions greater than the cutting threshold of the cartridge.
- a second technique consists in implementing a separation step, for example by decantation upstream of the granular filtration step.
- a third technique is to combine the first two by successively implementing coagulation, flocculation, separation eg decantation, granular filtration, filtration filter cartridge and reverse osmosis filtration.
- the first of the techniques currently being implemented to produce reverse osmosis filtration membrane feedwater achieves a level of quality that is consistent with the recommendations of membrane manufacturers of this type only if SDI 3 of the raw water to be treated is between 15 and 20.
- Filtration on water reverse osmosis membranes that do not have the required level of quality is accompanied by a rapid increase in the pressure drop in the membranes. This is mainly due to bacterial growth, adsorption of organic matter, and accumulation of microorganic and organic substances on the membranes. This increase in pressure drop generates the need for frequent chemical cleaning of the membranes. Such cleaning is in practice carried out with aggressive reagents which have a negative impact on the life of the membranes. It is therefore necessary to replace the membranes regularly, which represents a significant cost item.
- the invention particularly aims to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.
- the invention aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a water treatment technique for its desalination by reverse osmosis that allows to extend the life of the reverse osmosis membranes implemented for this purpose.
- the invention also aims, in at least one embodiment of the invention, to produce such a technique which leads to reduce the clogging time of the reverse osmosis membranes and consequently to reduce the frequency of their washing and their replacement.
- An object of the invention is to implement, in at least one embodiment of the invention, such a technique that enables the production of a water having a SDI 15 between 3 and 3.5 (measured according to ASTM method D4189-95) prior to filtration through reverse osmosis membranes.
- the invention also aims, in at least one embodiment of the invention, to provide such a technique that is simple and inexpensive to implement, at least compared to the techniques of the prior art.
- Another objective of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, such a technique which leads to reduce the area occupied by the facilities used for the desalination of water.
- the invention still has the objective, in at least one embodiment of the invention, of reducing the quantity of reagents necessary for the desalination of water.
- step (iii) granular filtration of water directly from said step (ii) of flocculation through at least one granular filter comprising a filter mass consisting of at least one layer of at least one filter material;
- the invention is based on an original approach that consists of the combination of coagulation, flocculation, filtration through a granular filter at high speed, that is to say between 15 and 25 m / h, and a filtration at a cutoff threshold of between 10 nanometers and 10 micrometers of a water in order to produce a water of feeding of filtration by reverse osmosis.
- the filtration step at a cutoff threshold between 10 nanometers and 10 micrometers may implement one or more filter cartridges whose cutoff threshold may be between 1 and ⁇ and will preferably be equal to 5 ⁇ . It may alternatively implement an ultrafiltration filtration unit whose cut-off threshold will preferably be between 10 nanometers and 0.1 micrometers and whose driving force will be between 1 and 5 b ar, or a microfiltration unit whose threshold cutoff will preferably be between 0.1 micrometers and 10 micrometers and whose driving force will be between 0.1 and 3 bar.
- This particular implementation makes it possible for the flocs present in the water to penetrate rapidly by deep diffusion inside the filtering mass of the granular filter and to fill, at least in part, the void gaps left between them. media grains filtering essentially over the entire height of the filter media.
- the technique according to the invention makes it possible to proscribe the implementation of a separation for example by decantation or by flotation upstream of the granular filtration when the SDI 3 of the raw water is is between 15 and 20.
- the flocs present in the water are retained over substantially the entire height of the filter mass.
- these flocs penetrate the filter mass essentially on a low height.
- a layer of flocs is then formed on the surface of the filtering mass. This clogging of the surface of the filtering mass is accompanied by a rapid increase in the pressure drop across the granular filter. This requires frequent washing of the filters and requires to increase the frequency of chemical cleanings of reverse osmosis membranes placed downstream.
- the implementation of the technique according to the invention prevents: the formation of a layer of flocs on the surface of the filtering mass, and - on the other hand allows the flocs to be absorbed over almost the entire height of the the filtering mass.
- the technique according to the invention therefore makes it possible to retain a large part of the SDI titrating microparticles present in the water and to limit the frequency of cleaning and replacement of reverse osmosis membranes. It is also noted that it makes it possible to retain a much larger share of these particles, given that these fill the empty interstices left between the grains constituting the filtering mass, which makes it possible to retain microparticles having a size smaller than the size of these interstices.
- the filtration step at a cutoff threshold of between 10 nanometers and 10 microns is implemented between the granular filtration step and the reverse osmosis filtration step.
- This filtration which acts as a fuse, makes it possible, for example when the nature of the water to be treated varies greatly, to ensure that the feed water of reverse osmosis membranes placed downstream has a level of quality. enough to prevent their damage.
- This implementation makes it possible to extend the life of these reverse osmosis membranes, which are very expensive.
- the solid liquid separation rate through a filter is equal to the volume of treated water per hour divided by the filter surface.
- volume of Filter Material Filter Surface x Filter Height.
- said granular filtration step (iii) uses a granular filter whose filtering mass has a decreasing particle size.
- a process according to the invention is also preferably constituted by a sieving step preceding said coagulation step (i).
- said sieving step is carried out at a cutoff threshold of between 50 and 500 micrometers.
- This step is implemented so as to retain the algae and / or the microparticles present in the water to be treated so as to prevent the formation of very large flocs that would seal the surface of the granular filter.
- the present technique also relates to an installation for implementing a method for treating water with a view to its desalination according to the invention, said installation consisting of:
- a granular filter comprising a filtering mass consisting of at least one layer of at least one filter material
- the filters used are downflow filters or gravity filters.
- the means for withdrawing water from the flocculation zone through the granular filter at a speed of between 15 and 25 m / h may be natural means when the water flows by gravity through the filter or mechanical when water is pumped through the filter.
- the filtration means at a cutoff threshold of between 10 nanometers and 10 micrometers act as a fuse to protect the membranes of the reverse osmosis filtration unit as has been indicated above.
- These filtration means may comprise a filter cartridge whose cutoff threshold may be between 1 and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and will preferably be equal to 5 ⁇ . They may alternatively comprise an ultrafiltration filtration unit whose cut-off threshold will preferably be between 10 nanometers and 0.1 micrometers and whose driving force will be between 1 and 5 bar, or a microfiltration unit whose cut-off point will be preferably between 0.1 micrometers and 10 micrometers and whose driving force will be between 0.1 and 3 bar.
- said filtering mass has a total height of between 2.5 and 4 meters.
- Such a filter mass height is sufficient to allow the production of water whose SDI 15 complies with the recommendations mentioned upper.
- said first granular filter comprises a stack of two layers of a first filter material and a second filter material, said first and second filter material having decreasing particle sizes.
- the material at the top has a larger particle size and a lower density than the material at the bottom. This configuration is particularly interesting.
- the fi jons During the filtration of the water, the fi jons it contains gradually accumulate within the layer of granular material located at the top of the filter. They fill the initially empty interstices that exist between the grains. This material thus makes it possible to store the fiocs present in the water, which themselves have trapped the clogging materials, as well as the suspended solids.
- the highest material acts as a tank of fiocs, a maturation filter, and allows the removal of SDI. This mechanism occurs after a few hours, that is, once the filter has begun to accumulate enough fiocs.
- the second layer of material located lower in the filter plays a role of refining and retains fiocs that could escape the first layer. This is the reason why the particle size of the material of the second layer is always smaller than that of the first layer.
- said first material has a particle size of between 0.8 and 2.5 mm, and in that said second material has a particle size of between 0.5 and 0.9 mm.
- the height of said first material advantageously represents between 50 and 80% of the total height of said filtering mass.
- this feature allows a large part of the fiocs to diffuse inside the layer of first material and thus avoid the formation of a cake on this layer.
- the clogging speed of the granular filter is consequently reduced, which makes it possible to reduce the frequency of backwashing thereof.
- the fact that these fiocs are diffusing inside the first layer, that is to say that they are trapped in the interstitial spaces left between the grains of the first layer of material, without clogging the filter also allows to retain other particles whose size is smaller than that of these interstices.
- this first layer of material makes it possible to retain most of the SDI titrating particles initially contained in the water to be treated while limiting the clogging of the granular filter.
- said first material is anthracite and said second material consists of grains of sand or garnet.
- said first material is pumice stone and said second material consists of grains of sand or garnet.
- said first filter comprises a stack of three layers of a first, a second and a third filtering material, said first, second and third filtering materials having decreasing particle sizes.
- the height of said first, second and third materials respectively represent between 40 and 75%, between 7.5 and 40%> and 7.5 and 20%> of the total height of said filtering mass.
- the grains of said materials (17, 18, 17 ', 18', 22) of said layers of said granular filter (15) have increasing densities from the upper layer to the lower layer of said filter.
- the grain density of the materials constituting the different layers of the granular filter is greater from the lower layer to the upper layer allows, after the filter is washed, the various layers of the constituent to reform naturally. Indeed, after the agitation of the layers of material due to the filter backwash has ceased, the densest material grains constituting the lower layer are deposited first while the other grains are deposited in order of decreasing density.
- An installation according to the invention is furthermore optionally constituted by a sieving unit placed upstream of said coagulation zone.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of a water treatment plant according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 shows a diagram of a water treatment plant according to a second embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3 is a curve illustrating the evolution of the SDI 15 of a filtered water according to the prior art in a two-layer filter (anthracite-sand) of 1, 6 meters high at 7.5 m / h;
- Figure 4 is a curve which illustrates the change of the filtered water 15 of a SDI according to the prior art in a two-layer filter (anthracite-sand) of 1, 6 meters high at 9.5 m / h;
- Figure 5 is a curve which illustrates the change CIU 15 of a filtered water according to the invention in a two-layer filter (anthracite-sand) of 3 meters high and 15 m / h.
- the general principle of the invention is based on the combination of a coagulation, a flocculation, a filtration through a granular filter at high speed, that is to say between 15 and 25 m / h, and filtration at a cut-off point between 10 nanometers and 10 micrometers of water for the purpose of producing a feed water for reverse osmosis filtration.
- a significant portion of f ocs grading SDI 15 present in the water is quickly absorbed into the filter material essentially over its entire height without observation of fouling of the surface the filtering mass.
- the implementation of the technique according to the invention therefore makes it possible to produce water with the SDI 15 is between 3 and 3.5. This water can then be optimally filtered through reverse osmosis membranes to be desalted.
- the technique according to the invention makes it possible to proscribe the implementation of a separation for example by decantation or by flotation upstream of the granular filtration when the SDI3 of the raw water is situated between 15 and 20.
- FIG. 1 a first embodiment of a water treatment installation according to the invention is presented.
- an installation according to this first embodiment comprises a pipe 10 for supplying a water to be treated in a coagulation zone 11 inside which a coagulating agent is injected which this embodiment is ferric chloride (FeCls).
- the coagulation zone 11 is connected by a line 12 to a flocculation zone 13 inside which is injected a foculant agent which in this embodiment is the FLOPAM A 905 synthetic flocculating polymer.
- a foculant agent which in this embodiment is the FLOPAM A 905 synthetic flocculating polymer.
- a polymer natural flocculant can be implemented.
- the flocculation zone 13 is connected by a pipe 14 to a filter 15.
- the filter 15 is an open granular filter through which the water to be treated previously coagulated and flocculated circulates under the effect of gravity.
- this filter 15 may be a granular filter under pressure through which the water to be treated circulates under pressure by the implementation of withdrawal means such as a pump.
- it comprises a filter mass 16 which is constituted by a stack of two layers 17, 18 of two granular filter materials.
- the layers 17 and 18 constitute respectively the upper layer and the lower layer of the filter.
- the materials constituting the layers 17, 18 having decreasing granulometries and increasing densities from the top layer 17 to the lower layer 18.
- the first layer 17 consists of anthracite whose particle size is between 0.8 and 2.5 millimeters.
- the second layer 18 consists of sand whose particle size is between 0.5 and 0.9 millimeters.
- the height of each of the layers of material represents approximately 50% of the total height of the filtering mass 16.
- the height of the first 17 and second 18 layers of material may vary in such proportions that the height of the first layer 17 may reach up to about 80% of the total height of the filtering mass 16.
- the anthracite may be replaced by pumice with a particle size of between 0.8 and 2.5 millimeters.
- the sand preferably rolled or crushed, may be replaced by grains of garnet or any other equivalent material.
- the total height of the filtering mass 16 can vary between 2.5 and 4 meters depending on the operating conditions.
- the filter 15 is connected, at its outlet, to the inlet of a filter cartridge 24 by means of a pipe 20.
- the reverse osmosis unit 19 has a treated water outlet 21.
- This filter cartridge 24 has a cutoff threshold equal to 5 micrometers.
- the outlet of this filter cartridge 24 is connected to the inlet of a reverse osmosis filtration unit 19 via a pipe 25.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment which differs from the first embodiment which has just been described with regard to the structure of the filter 15.
- the filter 15 comprises a filtering mass 16 'which consists of the stack of three layers 17', 18 'and 22 of three granular filter materials having decreasing particle sizes.
- the first layer 17 ' or top layer, consists of a thickness of 1 to 6 meters of anthracite whose particle size is between 1.0 and 2.5 mm.
- the second layer 18 ' or intermediate layer, consists of a thickness of 0.3 to 1 meter of sand whose particle size is between 0.6 and 0.9 mm.
- the third layer 22, or lower layer consists of a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 meters of garnet or sand whose particle size is between 0.3 and 0.55 mm.
- the height of the first layer 17 'of material represents between approximately 40 and 75% of the total height of the filtering mass 16'.
- the height of the second layer 18 'of material is between about 7.5 and 40% of the total height of the filter mass 16', and the height of the third layer 22 of material is about 7.5 to 20% of the total height of the filter mass 16 '.
- the total height of the filtering mass 16 ' is between 2.5 and 4.5 meters.
- an installation according to the invention will also consist of a sieving unit placed upstream of the coagulation zone 11.
- This sieving unit preferably include elements for retaining the algae and / or microparticles present in the water to be treated having a size greater than 500 microns.
- the granular filter 15 may be composed of a single layer of sand having a particle size of between 0.5 and 1.5 mm.
- the filter cartridge may be replaced by: an ultrafiltration filtration unit whose cutoff threshold will preferably be between 10 nanometers and 0.1 micrometers and whose driving force will be between 1 and 5 bar, or
- micro filtration unit whose cutoff threshold will preferably be between 0.1 micrometers and 10 micrometers and whose motive force will be between 0.1 and 3 bar.
- the use of a filter cartridge has the advantage of requiring a driving force and therefore a lower energy consumption than those required by filtration or microleakage.
- FIG. 1 a water treatment process is presented with a view to its desalination according to the invention.
- Such a process consists in conveying raw water via line 10 into the coagulation zone 11 so that it undergoes a coagulation step therein.
- the coagulated water from the coagulation zone 11 is then introduced via the pipe 12 into the flocculation zone 13 so that it undergoes a flocculation step therein.
- the flocculated water coming from the flocculation zone 13 is then introduced via the pipe 14 into the granular filter 15.
- the coagulated and flocculated water then passes through the filtering mass 16 at a speed of between 15 and 25 m / h.
- the flocs 23 present in this water then penetrate rapidly by diffusion in depth inside the filtering mass 16 and fill, at least in part, the void gaps left between the media grains filtering substantially over the entire height of the filter media. Under these circumstances, the granular filter matures much more quickly.
- the microparticles having a size smaller than the size of these interstices are also retained in the filter mass.
- the combination according to the invention of coagulation, flocculation and granular filtration at high speed also makes it possible to prevent the formation of a layer of flocs on the surface of the filtering mass, which leads to a reduction in the frequency washing the granular filter.
- This granular filtering step results in the production of an effluent with the SDI 15 is a value between 3 and 3.5.
- This effluent therefore has a level of quality that is in line with the recommendations of manufacturers of reverse osmosis membranes.
- This effluent can then constitute a feed water of the membranes of the reverse osmosis filtration unit 19.
- this effluent has an SDI 15 whose value is slightly higher than 3.5. This may for example be related to the fact that the quality of the raw water has deteriorated. For this reason, the effluent is directed towards the inlet of a filter cartridge 24.
- This filter cartridge 24 acts as a fuse which retains, if appropriate, the particles present in the effluent at the outlet of the granular filter so that the The feed water of the reverse osmosis unit 19 has in all circumstances a SDI 15 whose value is between 3 and 3.5.
- This effluent is then systematically directed to filtration means with a cutoff threshold of between 10 nanometers and 10 micrometers, which in this embodiment comprise the reverse osmosis filtration unit 19 so as to subtract it, at the very least in part, the salts it contains and to produce desalinated water.
- the filter cartridge may be replaced by a filtration unit by ultrafiltration or microfiltration.
- the coagulated and flocculated water will be filtered through a tri-layer filter according to the second embodiment.
- the raw water will undergo a sieving step before the coagulation step.
- a granular filter according to the techniques of the prior art is insufficient to produce a water having the required qualities in order to be subsequently filtered through reverse osmosis membranes. It is therefore necessary to multiply the equipment used to reach the required level of quality. This leads to an increase in the size of the facilities.
- the invention makes it possible to produce water of the required quality, in particular by means of a granular filter operating at high speed and upstream of which it is not necessary to use separation means such as, for example, a decanter or means of fiottation. Its implementation therefore reduces the overall size and especially the floor area occupied by a desalination plant.
- the technique according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the costs associated with the desalination of water.
- the facilities required for desalination according to the invention are less complex, less bulky and therefore less expensive.
- the technique according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the washing and replacement frequencies of reverse osmosis membranes.
- Reducing the washing frequency of reverse osmosis membranes also makes it possible to reduce the water losses used for this purpose.
- the implementation of the invention also contributes to reducing the volumes of reagents used for the desalination of water.
- the progressive maturation of a filter according to the invention which is characterized by the fact that it accumulates flocs within its filtering mass during filtration, makes it possible to maintain the adsorption kinetics of the clogging materials. (and therefore SDI) even if we reduce the dosage of coagulant initially injected. This gradual reduction in the amount of coagulant injected during a filtration cycle makes it possible to reduce the overall consumption of reagents.
- Tests have been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of a water treatment process according to the invention.
- a first series of tests consisted in filtering, according to the prior art, a water in a filtration column containing a 0.8 meter layer of anthracite and a layer of 0.8 meter of sand, at a rate of 7.5 m / h then in a filter cartridge at 5 micrometers.
- Figure 3 which illustrates the results of these tests shows that the SDII 5 of filtered water during the tests was generally greater than 3.5.
- a second series of tests consisted in filtering, according to the prior art, the waters of a first station (St 1) and a second station (St 2) in a filtration column containing a layer of 1, 5 meters of anthracite and a layer of 1, 5 meters of sand, at a speed of 9.5 m / h and then in a filter cartridge at 5 micrometers.
- Figure 4 which illustrates the results of these tests reveals that the 5 SDII filtered water during these trials was on average between 4 and 5.
- a third series of tests consisted in filtering, according to the invention, a water in a filtration column containing a layer of 1.5 meters of anthracite and a layer of 1.5 meters of sand, at a speed of 15. m / h then in a filter cartridge at 5 micrometers.
- Figure 5 illustrates the results of these tests shows that the SDII 5 filtered water during these tests was always less than 3.5.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2011244513A AU2011244513B2 (en) | 2010-04-19 | 2011-04-12 | Method for treating water with a view to desalinating same including high-speed filtration, and corresponding facility |
| CN201180020004.0A CN102985377B (zh) | 2010-04-19 | 2011-04-12 | 以脱盐为目的对水进行处理的方法 |
| IL222483A IL222483B (en) | 2010-04-19 | 2012-10-16 | A water treatment process with the intention of desalination, including high-speed filtration and appropriate installation |
| ZA2012/07767A ZA201207767B (en) | 2010-04-19 | 2012-10-17 | Process for treating water with a view to its desalination, including a high-speed filtering, and corresponding installation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1052964 | 2010-04-19 | ||
| FR1052964A FR2958929B1 (fr) | 2010-04-19 | 2010-04-19 | Procede de traitement d'eau en vue de son dessalement incluant une filtration a grande vitesse, et installation correspondante. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011131523A1 true WO2011131523A1 (fr) | 2011-10-27 |
Family
ID=43084484
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/055738 Ceased WO2011131523A1 (fr) | 2010-04-19 | 2011-04-12 | Procede de traitement d'eau en vue de son dessalement incluant une filtration a grande vitesse, et installation correspondante |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102985377B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2011244513B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2958929B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL222483B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011131523A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201207767B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2995603B1 (fr) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-09-26 | Veolia Water Solutions & Tech | Procede de traitement d’eau comprenant une flottation combinee a une filtration gravitaire et installation correspondante |
| FR3070137B1 (fr) * | 2017-08-17 | 2020-03-06 | Yassine Rezgui | Procede et unite de recyclage d'effluent d'imprimerie |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2767521A1 (fr) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-02-26 | Omnium Traitement Valorisa | Procede et installation pour le traitement des eaux integrant un decanteur et un filtre multi-couches fonctionnant a grandes vitesses |
| US20080173583A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | The Purolite Company | Reduced fouling of reverse osmosis membranes |
| JP2008173534A (ja) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-31 | Toray Ind Inc | 水処理方法および水処理装置 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101391826A (zh) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-03-25 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种含固体不溶物海水的旋流-膜分离脱盐方法 |
-
2010
- 2010-04-19 FR FR1052964A patent/FR2958929B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-04-12 CN CN201180020004.0A patent/CN102985377B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-12 AU AU2011244513A patent/AU2011244513B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-04-12 WO PCT/EP2011/055738 patent/WO2011131523A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-10-16 IL IL222483A patent/IL222483B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-10-17 ZA ZA2012/07767A patent/ZA201207767B/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2767521A1 (fr) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-02-26 | Omnium Traitement Valorisa | Procede et installation pour le traitement des eaux integrant un decanteur et un filtre multi-couches fonctionnant a grandes vitesses |
| JP2008173534A (ja) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-31 | Toray Ind Inc | 水処理方法および水処理装置 |
| US20080173583A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | The Purolite Company | Reduced fouling of reverse osmosis membranes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2958929B1 (fr) | 2013-07-05 |
| ZA201207767B (en) | 2013-06-26 |
| IL222483B (en) | 2018-03-29 |
| CN102985377B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
| CN102985377A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
| AU2011244513A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
| AU2011244513B2 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
| IL222483A0 (en) | 2012-12-31 |
| FR2958929A1 (fr) | 2011-10-21 |
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