WO2011120701A1 - Electrochemically activated water-based solution and use of the solution - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrochemically activated water-based solution obtainable by electrolysis of brine-containing water in an electrolysis module (2) comprising a multitude of electrolysis cells (40) should have a particularly high bactericidal or antibacterial effect combined with particularly long storage stability, i.e. more particularly even after comparatively long storage for, for example, more than two years. According to the invention, such a solution is obtainable by electrolysis of brine-containing water in an electrolysis module comprising a multitude of electrolysis cells (40), in which each electrolysis cell (40) comprises a first electrode space assigned to a first electrical polarity and a second electrode space which is separated therefrom by a membrane (46) and to which a second electrical polarity has been assigned, wherein the electrolyte is supplied to the first electrode spaces (40) of the electrolysis cells serially in the manner of a series circuit.

Description

 Electrochemically activated water-based solution and use of the solution

The invention relates to an electrochemically activated water-based solution. It further relates to the use of such a solution.

The preparation of an electrochemically activated water-based solution can be carried out by electrolysis. For example, EP 1 728 768 A1 discloses a system for producing an electrochemically activated salt solution by electrolysis, in which a water stream charged with a saline solution or brine is fed to an electrolysis device. The electrolytic decomposition of this sol-containing water stream, an electrochemically activated aqueous salt solution can be obtained which has a relatively high content of active chlorine (AC, also referred to as "free chlorine", for example, determined by amperometric measurements) of up to 500 mg / L and a redox potential between +150 mV and

+1,350 mV. Due to the comparatively high content of active chlorine, this electrochemically activated salt solution can be used particularly advantageously as a disinfectant, for example for disinfecting water and / or aqueous solutions. In addition, according to the known from EP 1 728 768 A1 known chemically activated salt solution according to the information in WO 2009/013019 but also particularly favorable as a disinfectant in the general sense, so for example for countertops, tables, floors, for sterilization purposes, used in laundries or the like or as a carrier material in pharmaceutical substances.

An important indicator for the usability of the electrochemically activated salt solutions in such applications is the content of active chlorine (or "free chlorine") and the pH value is particularly suitable for use as a disinfectant or for medical purposes.

CONFIRMATION COPY cke a particularly good storage stability desired, which should occur even after long storage of materials only small decreases in the antibacterial effect. The compatibility of these parameters with one another, ie the chemical reactivity, in particular expressed by the content of active chlorine, and / or the redox potential, the compatibility with other substances or biological systems, in particular expressed by the pH, seems to be in the known materials and material compositions. and storage stability, particularly as a result of the degradation of the substances over time and the increasing loss of their bacteriocidal or disinfecting action.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an electrochemically activated water-based solution, obtainable by electrolysis, which has a particularly high baktiriocidal or antibacterial activity with particularly high storage stability, ie in particular after relatively long storage of, for example, more than two years ,

This object is achieved by an electrochemically activated water-based solution obtainable by electrolysis of solehaltigem water in a plurality of electrolytic cells comprehensive electrolysis module in which each electrolytic cell each one of a first electrical polarity associated first electrodes and a spatial separated from this by a membrane comprising a second electrode space associated with a second electrical polarity, wherein the electrolyte is supplied in series to the first electrode spaces of the electrolysis cells in the manner of a series connection.

As has surprisingly been found, by such a cascade-like flow through a plurality of electrode spaces of the same polarity in an electrolysis module with a plurality of electrolytic cells, the generation of a highly effective electrochemically activated solution characterized by a particularly high content of active chlorine, possible. The electrolysis module provided for generating the electrochemically activated solution should in this case comprise a plurality of electrolysis cells, each having at least two electrode spaces, namely one for electrical connection to the positive pole of an electrolysis voltage to be applied. NEN anode space and provided for electrical connection to the negative pole of the electrolysis voltage cathode space. The intended cascade-like flow through a plurality of the same polarity associated electrode spaces through the electrolyte can be achieved by the electrode chambers of the respective polarity, ie the anode chambers or optionally also the cathode chambers, medial side, so based on the flow of the electrolyte, serially or in the type of series connection are connected in series.

A particularly high-quality, electrochemically activated, water-based solution in the sense of the mentioned parameters of chemical reactivity, pH neutrality and storage stability is obtainable by, in a particularly advantageous development, parallel connection of the respective second electrode spaces in parallel to the intended media flow-side sequential or series connection of the first electrode spaces of the electrolysis module the electrolysis cells of the electrolysis module is provided. In other words: in an advantageous embodiment, the electrolyte is supplied on the one hand to the electrode spaces of the first polarity in cascade fashion in the form of a series connection and on the other hand to the electrode spaces of the respective other polarity in the manner of a parallel connection. As a result of the sequential flow through the electrode spaces, the electrolyte undergoes step by step multiple treatment steps in the individual electrolysis cells in the manner of a cascaded treatment, so that a multi-stage and therefore particularly extensive accumulation of ions in the electrolyte can be achieved.

In order to produce a highly effective solution, characterized by a particularly high content of active chlorine, the media-side parallel connection of the cathode chambers of the electrolysis cells is provided in the case of a medial series connection of the anode chambers of the electrolysis cells in a particularly advantageous embodiment. By means of such a cascaded treatment of the anolyte in particular, it is possible to achieve particularly extensive accumulation and concentration of chloride ions in the anolyte, so that a particularly high-quality anolyte can be produced, especially with regard to, for example, desired disinfection properties. It is ensured by the sequential treatment of the anolyte in parallel Medienstrom- leadership of the catholyte that in the electrolysis in the respective electrolysis cells, the concentration gradient between the ions in the anolyte on the one hand and in the catholyte on the other hand in the flow direction of the anolyte seen from Eletrolyse- cell to electrolysis cell on increases. As the number of cells in the cascade increases, an increasingly intensive concentration of the ions in the anolyte and thus the provision of an increasingly "higher-quality" anolyte is possible.

An electrochemically activated solution with particularly favorable material properties with regard to the content of active chlorine and also with regard to storage stability is obtainable, in which the cathode chambers of the electrolysis cells are connected to the anode compartment of the first electrolytic cell in the flow direction of the anolyte in a particularly advantageous embodiment. In this case, the electrolyte flowing out of the second electrode spaces of the electrolysis cells is thus supplied to the first electrode space of the first electrolysis cell seen in the flow direction of the electrolyte. In this particularly preferred media-side interconnection, the outflow lines connected to the cathode chambers of the electrolysis cells thus preferably lead to a collection point, where they open into a common line. On the output side, this is connected to the first anode space of the cascade formed by the electrolysis cells in the flow direction of the anolyte.

In a further advantageous embodiment, only a partial flow of the electrolyte flowing out of the second electrode spaces of the electrolysis cells is supplied to the first electrode space of the first electrolysis cell seen in the flow direction of the electrolyte. As has surprisingly been found, it is precisely through appropriate adjustment and modification of the branching ratio in this region, ie by specific adjustment of the proportion of the total flow of catholyte flowing out of the cathode compartments, which is supplied as anolyte for further treatment, that specific essential parameters of the resulting end product, In particular, the content of active chlorine, the pH and / or the storage stability, are influenced. In particular, by suitable adjustment of the branching ratio, the flow rate and thus the dwell and reaction time of the anolyte in Relation to the catholyte are changed, so that a particularly targeted concentration of the ions can be achieved. Furthermore, as required, an adjustment of the pressure conditions and / or the flow rates is possible.

As has surprisingly been found, the water-based electrochemically activated solution obtainable by said electrolysis method has particularly effective bacteriocidal and disinfecting properties while still exhibiting extremely low toxicity or incompatibility with human or organic tissue. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the electrochemically activated solution obtainable by said electrolysis method is therefore used in a pharmaceutical composition, in particular for the treatment of inflammations, for germ reduction, for wound healing and / or for hygiene. There are in particular uses in compositions for internal or external applications to humans or animals for the purpose of germ reduction in the blood, in mammary glands and / or in other body fluids in bile, liver, bone marrow, glands or lymph, etc., preferably in inflammation or ulcers or even for targeted killing of cells (eg tumor cells or virologically loaded cells) into consideration.

Also advantageous is the use in compositions for external application to humans or animals for the purpose of germ reduction, wound healing, prophylaxis and hygiene, on skins and / or mucous membranes internally and externally, for. B. in cold, intestinal diseases such. Chron's disease, gastric ulcers, local antibiotics or other suitable applications.

The electrochemically activated solution can be provided in the pharmaceutical composition as an active component or substance, ie as an active ingredient to achieve a desired pharmaceutical effect. In particular, a use as a bacteriocidal or germicidal active ingredient comes into consideration. In an alternative advantageous embodiment, the electrochemically activated solution but also in the manner of a carrier substance may be part of a pharmaceutical composition, wherein due to the high bacteriocidal and disinfecting effectiveness of the intended as a carrier electrochemically activated solution Protective effect for further, provided in the pharmaceutical composition as an active substance or components may be provided. Due to the high bactericidal activity with high storage stability, the electrochemically activated solution is particularly advantageous as a carrier substance for an active substance or an active substance, which should be protected for preserving or storage purposes particularly effective against entering contaminants by germs or the like.

The pharmaceutical composition is particularly advantageously composed in the manner of a multicomponent system, the active substance or the active substance, on the one hand, and the electrochemically activated solution provided as the carrier, on the other hand, being present in separate phases. Advantageously, the phase containing the actual active substance or the active substance can be embedded in the manner of an emulsion with droplet formation in the other phase formed by the electrochemically activated solution provided as a carrier and enclosed by this. On the one hand, this phase separation ensures that the electrochemically activated solution does not destroy or adversely affect the active substance actually intended as an active substance, on the other hand the penetration of germs or contaminants into the active substance from the first phase, ie the active ingredient. formed droplets is effectively prevented by the enclosing carrier material.

The electrochemically activated solution is particularly advantageously suitable as a carrier substance in a pharmaceutical composition in which prostaglandin tissue hormones, beta-blockers, a substance for reducing elevated intraocular pressure and / or an ophthalmic moisturizing and carrier agent (in particular a lubricant as eye moisturizer, a glucomium agent) or the like, preferably for treating conjunctivitis).

Due to their high chemical activity, in particular their particularly pronounced bactericidal activity, with high compatibility with human tissue, the electrochemically activated solution obtainable by the said electrolysis process also particularly advantageous as a component in a dermatological agent and / or used as a disinfectant. In particular, uses in wound care agents, for the treatment of ulcer (diabetes), for body care, for the treatment of body swelling and / or germ reduction on any hides or mucous membranes, in deodorants, pimple creams or lubricants, in means for hand disinfection and the like into consideration.

Furthermore, the electrochemically activated solution can advantageously also indirectly in the manner of a general disinfectant, ie as a component, or used directly, for example for food preservation or other preservative purposes, eg. B. of cut flowers or other germ-decomposing substances, as an external application or as an ingredient z. As for fruit washing, for nebulization in enclosed spaces such. As warehouses, for germ reduction in industrial or apparative processes, eg. B. in air conditioning, germ reduction in plant breeding, z. As in greenhouses, drinking water treatment and / or disease control.

The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the ion exchange occurring in the electrolysis and thus the ion balance in the multicomponent electrolysis module in the manner of a cascading or in the manner of an electrochemical treatment of the electrolyte taking place in successive stages Electrolytes can be adjusted so that the thus electrochemically activated water solution has a particularly high content of active chlorine with particularly good storage stability. The electrochemically activated water solution obtainable with the mentioned method can have, for example, a proportion of active chlorine of 2000 mg / l or more, measurable, for example, by titration with iodine solutions, and a redox potential of, for example, 900 mV or possibly even more. Favored by the additionally available in combination with these parameters pH of about 7 and the still existing shelf life of two years or more, the thus available electrochemically activated solution is also well usable in combination with other materials or active ingredients. In addition, by appropriate choice of the operating parameters in the electrolytic production of the electrochemically activated water solution, ie in particular by a suitable choice of the current strength of the electrolysis and the electrolysis and the flow rate of the media flow through the reactor and thus the residence time of the media in the reactor, the pH in End product with high long-term stability almost freely selectable.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Therein, the figure shows schematically a plant for the production of an electrochemically activated salt solution by electrolysis.

The plant 1 according to the figure is intended to produce an electrochemically activated water-based solution, in particular a salt solution, by electrolysis. For this purpose, the system 1 comprises an electrolysis module 2 to which an electrolysis medium can be fed on the input side via a supply line 4. The electrolysis medium is softened water added with brine or an aqueous salt solution. For this purpose, the inflow line 4 is connected on the input side to a water softener station 6. For metering the brine into the softened water, a venturi 8 is connected in the inflow line 4, which in turn is connected on the input side to a brine tank 10. From the supply line 4 also branches off after the water softening station 6 from a drain line 12, via which during a commissioning phase of the system 1, the water flow from the water softener station 6, bypassing the electrolysis module 2 of the following components in the brine tank 10 can be discharged. To switch between these operating conditions with the continuous mode and the metered feed of a predetermined amount of brine in the electrolysis medium are in the supply line 4, the drain line 12 and the opening into the venturi 8 brine feed line 14 suitable valves 16, 18, 20 and additionally in the feed line 14 a Throttle valve 20 connected.

On the output side, for discharging the electrochemically activated salt solution prepared in the electrolysis module 2, a discharge line 24 is connected to the electrolysis module 2. This opens into a reservoir 26 for the prepared salt solution or the anolyte. For temporarily bypassing the reservoir 26 During the commissioning phase of the system 1, a multi-way valve 28 is also connected in the drain line 24, the second output of which is connected to a drain line 30.

The plant 1 is for the preparation of an electrochemically activated salt solution with just for use as a disinfectant or antibacterial agent in, for example, medical or pharmaceutical applications particularly favorable properties, in particular with a particularly high content of free chlorine of preferably more than 500 mg / L or possibly even more than 2,000 mg / L with high storage life, designed. In order to make this possible, the electrolysis module 2 is multicomponent and comprises a plurality of electrolysis cells 40, of which only two are shown in the exemplary embodiment; Of course, other electrolysis cells 40 may be provided analogous to the following embodiments.

Each electrolysis cell 40 each comprises an anode space 42 forming a first electrode space and a cathode space 44 forming a second electrode, which are each separated from each other by a membrane 46. The application of an electrical voltage between the respective anode compartment 42 limiting anode on the one hand and a respective cathode chamber 44 bounding cathode on the other hand then causes ion migration across the intermediate membrane 46 away, so that an at least partial dissociation of the water contained in the electrolysis and at least partially Dissociation of entrained in the form of brine salts occurs. Due to the electric charge of the ions in these materials, this ion migration process results in an accumulation of CI ^" and OH ^" in the respective anode compartment 42 and an accumulation of H ⁺ and Na ⁺ in the respective cathode compartment 44 as a result of the applied electrical voltage. For on-demand removal of the hydrogen gas enriched in the respective cathode space 44 or second electrode space, the cathode space 44 is connected to a degassing line 47. This forms, optionally in combination with arranged in the cathode chamber 44 means for bubble generation or gas separation such as swirlers or the like, a degassing module for the respective cathode space 44th The desired, high-quality properties of the electrochemically activated salt solution are achieved in the plant 1 in particular by a specific guidance of the media streams in the electrolysis module 2. In this case, in the system 1 according to the exemplary embodiment, which is specifically directed to the provision of electrochemically highly activated anolyte, a cathode-side substantially parallel media flow guide is combined with an anode-side essentially serial media flow guide. Alternatively or with a different design target, however, an anode-side essentially parallel with a cathode-side substantially serial media flow guide could also be combined. In addition, even further combinations of these media-side interconnections can be provided.

Specifically, a branching point 48 is provided in the system 1 in the exemplary embodiment in the inflow line 4, from which lines 50 discharging into the cathode chambers 44 of the electrolysis cells 40 depart in the manner of a parallel media supply. On the output side of the cathode chambers 44 Abström lines 52 are provided, which are brought together in a collection point 54, so that a total of a media side parallel interconnection of the cathode chambers 44 results.

On the anode side, however, a series or series connection of the anode chambers 42 is provided for the anolyte. For this purpose, the anode space 42 assigned to the first electrolysis module 40 in the flow direction of the anolyte is connected on the output side via an overflow line 56 to the input side of the following anode chamber 42. This in turn is the output side connected to the discharge line 24, so that in the manner of a multi-stage or cascade-like execution of a series connection of the anode chambers 42 with respect. The anolyte results.

In addition, it is provided in Appendix 1 to feed the effluent from the cathode chambers 44 catholyte as anolyte in the series-connected anode chambers 42. For this purpose, the collection point 54 for the catholyte is connected via an overflow line 58 to the anode space 42 of the first electrolysis cell 40, viewed in the flow direction of the anolyte. From the overflow line 58 branches off in collection point 54 also from a discharge line 60, via which a in its amount via a throttle valve 62 adjustable partial flow of the catholyte to a sewer system or a collecting container 64 can be supplied. With this arrangement, it is possible to supply an adjustable subset of the catholyte flowing out of the cathode chambers 44 as anolyte of the cascade of anode chambers 42. Thus, inter alia, the individual reaction parameters such as, for example, pressure and flow velocity in the anode chambers 42 can be suitably influenced, and in addition the amount of catholyte obtained in this application as a "waste product" can be kept particularly low.

For checking the material properties of the prepared anolyte as well as for quantity measurement, a number of sensors, in particular a quantity sensor 66, a temperature sensor 68, a pH sensor 70 and a sensor 72 for measuring the redox potential, are connected in the discharge line 24.

As already mentioned, the system 1 according to the FIGURE is designed specifically for the provision of particularly high-grade anolyte by means of a cascaded media-flow-side series connection of the anode chambers 42 in the medium-circuit-side parallel connection of the cathode chambers 44. A particularly high-quality electrochemically activated solution with regard to its chemical properties, in particular the proportion of active chlorine and the redox potential, as well as on the storage stability is obtainable, for example, by the operation of the plant 1, in that water containing water via the inflow line 4 is parallel across the branching point 58 is fed into the cathode chambers 44. The concentration of the brine in the softened water is adjusted via the valve 22 and / or the venturi 8 suitable and depending on the desired salt content or ion concentration in the final product, and in the electrolysis module, the anolyte is fed with a suitably selected flow rate. After a residence time, the catholyte is then applied in the cathode chambers 44 via the respective adjacent membranes 46 with ions, wherein between the respective anode and the respective cathode, the electrolysis voltage is applied.

Subsequently, the catholyte is discharged from the cathode chambers 44 again and fed to the collection point 54. After the collection point 54, the catholyte is in two Partial flows are divided, wherein a first partial flow of the catholyte of about 50 to 95% of the total flow, advantageously of about 90% of the total flow, via the overflow 58 to the anode compartment 42 of the flow direction of the anolyte seen first electrolytic cell 40 is supplied. The second partial flow of the catholyte, corresponding to about 5 to 50% of the total flow, preferably about 10% of the

Total flow, however, is supplied via the discharge line 60 to the collecting container 64.

The first partial stream is then, starting from the anode chamber 42 of the first electrolysis cell 40 seen in the flow direction of the anolyte, cascaded as anolyte through the media flow side connected in series anode chambers 42 of the electrolysis cells 40 and thereby subjected in the manner of a multi-stage treatment several successive electrochemical activation steps.

The electrochemically activated solution obtainable in this way is characterized in particular by a comparatively high content of active chlorine with high storage stability. The salt content in the end products, ie in the anolyte prepared as well as in the prepared catholyte, can be determined by appropriately metered addition during the feeding of the brine from the brine tank 10 into the stream of softened water (for example optionally as a "low concentration" or as "High concentration"). In particular, the conductivity of the end product can be suitably specified by suitable admixture of the brine in the water stream; The conductivity can be adjusted to about 10 mS / cm for an anolyte of comparatively low concentration of active chlorine and to about 18 mS / cm for an anolyte of comparatively high concentration of active chlorine.

Subsequently, by means of a suitable adjustment of the flow rate of the media in the reactor, that is to say in the electrolysis module 2, the "duration of treatment" of anolyte on the one hand and catholyte on the other hand can be suitably adjusted, whereby in particular the targeted adjustment of the pH of the end products is possible in the media streams, which adjusts depending on the current intensity of the electrolysis current, not be too high to high product quality sure. For both low-concentration anolyte and high-concentration anolyte, pH values can preferably be set in the range from 7.0 to 7.6, the resulting anolyte being a clear, colorless liquid with chlorine-based odor and a redox potential of, for example, 850 to 950 mV (measured potentiometrically). Preferably, however, redox potentials of more than 1500 mV, in particular of more than 2000 mV, are set.

The active substance content (or proportion of active chlorine) which can be determined by iodometric titration is about 600 to 800 ppm in anolyte for anolyte of low concentration (preferably usable as disinfectant and characterized by a conductivity of about 10 mS / cm) and higher for anolyte Concentration (preferably usable as a medicinal or pharmaceutical active ingredient and characterized by a conductivity of about 16 to 20 mS / cm) about 800 to 950 ppm.

Beyond these exemplary embodiments, the anolyte can also be produced by way of example with the following criteria and / or characteristic parameters:

- The electrolyte is characterized by a dissolved in water meta equilibrium of ions of salt (Na, Cl), water (H20, OH, H3O), ClOx and optionally CI2Oy, their acids and bases, their anions and cations and their mutually dependent solution species.

Depending on the setting of the operating parameters in the production process, in particular flow rates of the media, operating voltages and currents, concentration specifications, it is possible to set values for the content of active chlorine between, for example, 400 and 2000 mg AC / l, possibly even more than 2000 mg AC / l.

- The pH is adjustable between 2 and 14, preferably a value between 6 and 8 is set. - The conductivity may range between 14 mS (lower limit 4 mS) and 25 mS and is preferably set to a value in the range of 10 mS (surface area) and 18 mS (isotonic) and 22 mS (pharmaceutical applications).

The salt content can be adjusted to a value in the range of 0.1 g / l to 15 g / l; preferably, a value in the (isotonic) range of 5 g / l to about 9 g / l is selected

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Appendix 68 Temperature sensor

Electrolysis module 70 pH sensor

Supply line 72 sensor

 Wasserenthärterstation

 venturi

 brine tank

 drain line

 Soleeinspeiseleitung

 Valve

 throttle valve

 Valve

 outflow

 reservoir

 Multi-way valve

 drain line

 electrolysis cell

 anode chamber

 cathode space

 membrane

 branching point

 supply

 outflow

 assembly point

 overflow

 overflow

 discharge

 throttle valve

 receptacle

 quantity sensor

Claims

claims 1. Electrochemically activated solution based on water, obtainable by electrolysis of brine-containing water in a plurality of electrolysis cells (40) um- comprehensive electrolysis module (2), wherein each electrolytic cell (40) each having a first electrical polarity associated first electrode space and one of this second by a membrane (46) separated, a second electrical polarity associated second electrode space, wherein the electrolyte is the first electrode spaces of the electrolytic cells (40) serially fed in the manner of a series circuit. 2. Electrochemically activated solution according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is supplied in parallel to the second electrode spaces of the electrolysis cells (40). 3. Electrochemically activated solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first  Electrode spaces of the electrolysis cells (40) in each case as anode chambers (42) and the second electrode spaces of the electrolysis cells (40) are each configured as cathode chambers (44). 4. Electrochemically activated solution according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein from the second electrode spaces of the electrolytic cells (40) flowing off the electrolyte is supplied to the first electrode space of the first electrolysis cell (40) seen in the flow direction of the electrolyte. 5. Electrochemically activated solution according to claim 4, wherein only a partial flow of the effluent from the second electrode spaces of the electrolysis cells (40) electrolyte is supplied to the first electrode space of the first electrolysis cell (40) seen in the flow direction of the electrolyte. 6. Pharmaceutical composition, in particular for the internal or external treatment of inflammation, for germ reduction, for wound healing and / or for hygiene, comprising an electrochemically activated solution according to one of claims 1 to 5. 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising on the one hand an active substance, for example prostaglandin tissue hormones, beta-blockers, a substance for reducing elevated intraocular pressure, and / or an ophthalmic moisturizer, and on the other hand comprising a carrier substance based on an electrochemically activated solution according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the active substance is present in the same or in a separate phase of the electrochemically activated solution. o 8. Dermatological agent, especially for the treatment of wounds, ulcers  (Diabetes) and / or other skin diseases, comprising an electrochemically activated solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 9. A disinfectant comprising an electrochemically activated solution according to ei-5 nem of claims 1 to 5. 10. Use of an electrochemically activated solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a pharmaceutical composition. 0 11. Use of an electrochemically activated solution according to any one of claims  1 to 5 in a disinfectant