WO2011112065A1

WO2011112065A1 - Wind turbine with a cylinder rotor

Info

Publication number: WO2011112065A1
Application number: PCT/LT2010/000003
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sergej Gurtovoj
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-03-08
Filing date: 2010-12-22
Publication date: 2011-09-15
Anticipated expiration: 2012-09-08
Also published as: LT2010020A; LT5702B

Abstract

This invention is related to the field of wind power, namely, belonging to wind turbines with a cylinder rotor, wind receiver and wind baffle. We have presented the structure and ratio of the measurement of the main planes of the wind generator. The proposed construction is effective and reliable in the presence of different wind velocities.

Description

Wind Turbine with a Cylinder Rotor

Technical Field

This invention is related to the field of wind power, specifically belonging to wind turbines with a cylinder rotor.

Background Art

The known turbines with a cylinder rotor including wind receiver, wind separator and vane described, for example, in the USA patents No. 4 017 204; 500 956; 4 198 280; 10 199; 4260325.

The technical solution described in the USA patent No. 4 017 204 published on 12.04.1977 is characterised by the following:

- the rotor axis of the wind generator is placed horizontally in respect to the ground;

- different number and proportions of rotor blades;

- different ratio of the blade width to rotor diameter;

- the wind generator is placed directly on the surface of the earth;

- different structure, geometry and proportions of the wind baffle, wind receiver and vane;

- no bends and wings.

This turbine has the following shortcomings:

- the back rotor nacelle creates a large resistance to the airflow. The rotor and nacelle become windproof almost like a flat hard obstacle with a small opening at the bottom. According to Figures 1 and 2 the width of this opening is equal to a maximum 1.5 times the width of the rotor blade; therefore, this structure has a low efficiency. The rotor works at 1.5 times the load of the blade. The remaining airflow bypasses the structure of the wind generator;

- the wind generator is placed on the surface of the earth, which reduces its effectiveness, because of the numerous obstacles (buildings, forest) the velocity of the wind there is lower than that above. In order to place this wind generator at a certain height, a pole would be required, the manufacturing of which would require a large amount of materials; - the structure of the wind baffle, wind receiver and vane compared to the functions they perform is not rational and consumes a large amount of materials.

The technical solution described in the USA patent No. 5 009 569 published on 23.04.1991 is characterised by the following:

- the rotor axis of the wind generator is placed horizontally with respect to the ground;

- different number and proportions of rotor blades;

- different ratio of the blade width to rotor diameter;

- the wind generator is placed directly on the surface of the earth;

- no bends and wings.

This turbine is characterised not only by the same shortcomings as the one described above, but also by several additional ones:

- only one rotor blade is blown down;

- the vane is placed in the wind shadow. The wind generator is often oriented downwind in an unstable manner, as it will swing at an amplitude of approximately 50°;

- the vane is also placed on the ground, which prevents the placement of the wind generator above the ground.

The USA patent No. 4 198 280 published on 19.02.1980 describes a wind generator with a cylinder rotor which is placed horizontally, and has a wind receiver and a wind deflector. The differences and shortcoming are the same as indicated above.

In addition, this structure will be unable to operate. The passage for the direct airflow is closed and it cannot return against itself. The wind will have to flow through the structure of the wind generator as through a continuous obstacle similar to that of a wall (See Fig. 1A).

According to the USA patent No. 10 199 published on 29.06.1929, a known wind engine is rather similar - on one side of the blade rotor a wind shadow is created and on the other side of the rotor the airflow release.

This structure has the following shortcomings:

Since there is a wind baffle directing the airflow towards the active sides of the rotor blade, there is no wind receiver, which encouraged the author to transfer the vertical plane of the vane (rudder) away from the plane of the rotor rotation axis. It is placed in the wind shadow of the rotor, which provides a possibility for the plane of the vane (rudder) to turn at a significant angle a with respect to the direction of the airflow in order to balance the power generated by the wind baffle (See Fig. IB).

This drawing reveals that angle β of the wind flow attack with respect to the wind baffle is not useful.

The larger the angle a, the larger the angle β. The wind baffle battles with the vane creating the axel weight and poorly performs its second designated purpose - the release of the airflow onto the rotor blade.

The most important differences of the technical solution are the following:

- Blade structure. Blades complicate the rotor structure, as well as its price; they also do not increase the rotation moment in comparison to the probable distribution of the rotor blades. The ratio of the blade width in respect to the rotor diameter is 1/3; in addition, their number and form are optimal.

- No wind baffle.

- The wind vane is placed in the wind shadow of the rotor and moved to the opposite side of the wind baffle.

The USA patent No. 4 260 325 published on 07.1973 provides the description of the wind generator, where the wind baffle and wind receiver are used.

This structure has the following shortcomings:

- The wind -baffle of this construction cannot receive approximately 1/3 of the airflow. This disturbs the balance of the wind receiver, while the rotor blades receive a decreased airflow. Due to this the vane has an arched form bended towards the wind baffle. In the presence of this type of wind baffle, wind receiver and vane position, there are reasons to doubt the stability of their form and sizes in respect to the wind (See Fig. 1C).

- Forces Fi and F₂ are roughly equal; their arms hi and h₂ are clearly different. The arched vane is partially in the wind shadow from the side of the nacelle.

- The structure and form of the blades is rather complex. Since the effectiveness of the rotor depends on the entrapped airflow and the width of the blown down active blades, the structure of the rotor could be simplified. - The use of circular nacelles next to the basis of the rotor is inefficient (regular nacelles are characterised by a lower friction coefficient) and their operation in the conditions involving snow and dust is very complicated.

- This construction requires rather large dimensions and a lot of materials (rotor basis, poles, strainers).

Thus, such known structures have large sizes, are unstable and have a low efficiency of wind energy conversion into the rotary moment of a rotor.

Summary of Invention

The purpose of the invention is to create a highly efficient wind generator characterised by reliable construction and operating in a wide range of wind velocities.

The aim is achieved in the following manner:

The wind turbine with a cylinder rotor and wind deflecting device, which includes the wind receiver, wind baffle and vane mantled on a rotating axle, is characterised by the fact that the rotor can have from 2 to 10 blades given the following ratio of the sizes of the elements:

- the ratio of the width of the blade to its length is: 1:4 - 1 :8;

- the ratio of the width of blade B to the rotor diameter is 1 :2— 1 :5, 1 :3 is better;

- wind attack angles A and A₂ on the planes of wind baffle C and wind receiver D is 30° - 45°, angles yand ω correspondingly comprise 0° - 28° and 20° - 45°;

- angles Ai and A2, the sizes of the wind baffle, wind receiver and their positioning are calculated to have the forces of the wind pressure directed on them in balance - approximately the way it is depicted in Fig. 3

Ld xPd =LcxPc

The sizes of the wind vane are calculated in a manner ensuring a steady orientation towards the wind. It is approximately done the way depicted in Figures 3 and 4

ShxPh

-—— >1.3

ScxPc

The wind turbine is also characterised by the fact that the sizes and positions of the wind receiver, wind baffle and wind vane are interrelated and their calculation is subject to the size of the rotor and the established average annual wind velocity in a particular region. The curve of a cross-section of the blade must correspond to the minimum air resistance at the moment of motion with its arched section forward.

In addition, the wind turbine has top and bottom wings Ri and R₂ with the following measurements:

the width of the wing is equal to 0.4 - 0.8 of the width of the rotor blade, the length of the wing is equal to 1÷2 times the width of the rotor blade.

The wings are placed on the active back part of the rotor and can be asymmetrical in relation to the vane axle.

The wind turbine is additionally characterised by having the vane constructed in a way that enables it to rotate in the planar and perpendicular motion in relation to the rotation axis and in the position parallel to the rotation axis.

Brief Description of Drawings

Fig. 1 - depicts the schemes of the wind generator with a cylinder rotor of an existing technical level.

Fig. 2 - depicts the wind generator with a cylinder rotor indicating the scheme of the wind flow.

Fig. 3 - depicts the wind generator with a cylinder rotor including the scheme of the established measurements of the lines.

Fig. 4 - depicts the wind generator with a cylinder rotor including the scheme of the established measurements of the lines.

Fig. 5 - depicts the scheme of the wind generator with a cylinder rotor in the position when the wind vane is assembled.

Fig. 6 - depicts a general image of the wind generator with a cylinder rotor.

Fig. 7 - depicts possible forms of the blades.

Description of Embodiments

The construction presented depends on the wind generator with a cylinder rotor. The rotor is constructed from arched blades (marked with a letter B in Fig. 2-4), which are attached to the rotary axle (marked with a letter A in Fig. 2-4). With the help of hinges a solid construction is placed on this axle A, which consists of: - the wind baffle (marked with a letter C in Fig. 2-4) with an arch (marked with a letter R in Fig. 2-4);

- the wind receiver (marked with a letter D in Fig. 2-4);

- the wind vane (marked with a letter H in Fig. 2-5);

- the wings at the top and bottom of the rotor (marked with letters Ri and R₂ in Fig.

2-4).

This structure and rotor are able to rotate on the axle with respect to each other. The electricity generator (marked with a letter G in Fig. 2-4) is placed on the bottom of the rotor - the pillar is reinforced with the help of strainers (marked with a letter E in Fig. 2-4), which are placed at an angle of 120° with respect to each other.

Proportions and Ratios.

The ratio of the width of the blade (marked with a letter B in Fig. 2-4) to its length is approximately equal to 1/4.

The ratio of the width of blade B to the rotor diameter is approximately equal to 1/3.

The angle of the wind attack on the plane of the wind baffle C and wind receiver D (marked with a letter a in Fig. 1 a) is 30° - 45°.

The product of the width of the wind receiver (marked as Ld in Fig. 3) from the arm (marked as Pd in Fig. 3) side of the designed downwind forces (marked as Fd in Fig. 3) is equal to the product of the width of the wind baffle (marked as Lc in Fig. 3) from the arm (marked as Pc in Fig. 3) side of the designed downwind forces (marked as Fc in Fig. 2):

LdxPd = LcxPc,

The ratio of the wind force created with the help of the vane width (marked as Sh in Fig. 4) and the arm (marked as Ph in Fig. 4) product to the wind force created with the hel of the product of the section of the wind baffle width (marked as Sc in figure 4) and the arm (marked as Pc in Fig. 4) should be larger than 1.5.

ShxPh

> 1 ,5

ScxPc

The wind baffle C ends with an arch along its entire width (marked with a letter R in Fig. 2), the size of which, when projected downwind, is equal to (0.2 ÷ 0.5) Lc. The top and bottom wings (Ri and R₂ in Fig. 2; 4) have the following measurements:

- the width of the wing is equal to 0.4 - 0.8 of the width of the rotor blade,

- the wing length is equal to 1÷2 times the width of the rotor blade.

The largest wind utilization coefficient and correspondingly the largest capacity of the wind generator are achieved when the blade centres move at the following speed:

- 1.1 m/s, when wind velocity is 3.5 m/s.

- 2 m/s, when wind velocity is 6 m/s. Principle of Operation.

The wind baffle C (Fig. 2) protects the arched sides of the rotor blades from the airflow and directs it towards the dented sides of the rotor blades. Wind receiver D (Fig. 2) catches the airflow and also directs it towards the dented sides of the rotor blades. Wind pressure on the wind baffle and wind receiver creates forces Fc and Fd (Fig. 2). The positioning and proportions of the wind baffle and wind receiver allow maintenance of the balance of the structure (wind baffle, wind receiver and wind vane) when affected by the wind. The wind vane H (Fig. 2) orients the structure against the wind flow. As depicted in Fig. 2, pressure of the airflow affects the four blades of the cylinder rotor 1, 2, 3, and 4, creating a moment of rotation towards axis A. Rotation is transferred to the generator G through the multiplier. Wind baffle C (Fig. 2) ends in an arch R (Fig. 2), which creates a discharge in the passive zone of the rotor blade area. Wings Ri and R₂ also create discharge in the passive zone of the rotor area in order to increase the wind flow in the active area of the rotor.

The wind vane H (Fig. 2, 3) can be lowered parallel to the rotor axle A rotating around the hinge Z (Fig. 2, 3), or to turn along the lower line at 90°, in order to reduce resistance to the airflow. In the condition of a storm- force wind, the vane is lowered and turned, while the wind generator construction is placed in the position with the lowest resistance to the airflow, and the rotor is able to continue operating at a light duty (Fig. 5).

This position of the structure (wind baffle, wind receiver and wind vane) reduces the load of the bearing pole in relation to the wind without stopping the electricity generator. Thus, the presented wind generator with a cylinder rotor has significant differences when compared to the existing ones and is characterised by the following features:

- The form, number and measurements of the blades. The optimal ratio of the width of the blade to the rotor diameter is 1/3, while the ratio of the width of the blade to its length is 1/4.

- The form and position of the wind baffle.

- The form and position of the wind vane.

- Bearing construction of the rotor.

- Arches and wings.

This set of features is unknown at the technical level, which has a rather extensive history. The fact that there is no data available on these ratios and parameters of the equipment signifies the level of the invention.

The simplicity of the structure makes industrial applicability obvious.

Claims

Claim 1. Wind turbine with cylinder rotor and wind deflecting equipment, including wind receiver, wind baffle and wind vane, mantled on the rotation axle, c h a r a c t e ri s e d i n t h a t it has with the following measurements of the elements:

- the ratio of the width of the blade to its length is 1 :4 - 1 :8;

- the ratio of the width of blade B to the rotor diameter is 1 :2 - 1.5, it is betters when it is 1 :3;

- angles £i and £2 of the wind attack to the plane of the wind baffle C and wind receiver D comprise 30° - 45°, angle γ comprises 0° - 28° and angle ω comprises 20° - 45°;

- the wind baffle and wind receiver, angles Ai and A_2j, and the measurements and position are calculated in a manner ensuring balance of the wind pressure force:

Ld xPd =LcxPc,

- the wind vane measurements are calculated in a manner ensuring a constant orientation towards the wind:

ShxPh

> 1 ,5.

ScxPc

Claim 2. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurements and position of the wind receiver, wind converter and wind vane are interrelated and calculated depending on the size of the rotor and from the established average annual wind velocity in that region.

Claim 3. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the designed rotor blades are arched, while the form of the curve corresponds to the minimum air resistance, when the blades are moving with the rising edge forward.

Claim 4. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that it also has a top and bottom wing Ri and R₂ with the following measurements:

the width of the wing is equal to 0.4÷0.8 of the width of the rotor blade, while the length of the wing is 1÷2 of the width of the rotor blade; additionally, the wings are placed in the active back part of the rotor and can be asymmetric to the vane axis.

Claim 5. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind vane is manufactured in a manner enabling it to rotate in the planar and perpendicular motion in relation to the rotation axis and in the position parallel to the rotation axis.