WO2011105444A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材、該負極材を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材、該負極材を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery, a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode material, and a lithium ion secondary battery. More specifically, a lithium ion secondary battery suitable for applications such as electric vehicles and power tools that require a secondary battery having high input / output characteristics, and a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery for obtaining the same, and The present invention relates to a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery using a negative electrode material.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries are lighter and have higher input / output characteristics than other secondary batteries such as nickel cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, and lead storage batteries. It is expected as a power supply for high input / output such as a power supply. As a power source for a hybrid electric vehicle, a lithium ion secondary battery having an excellent balance of input / output characteristics and excellent life characteristics such as cycle characteristics and storage characteristics is required.
- negative electrode active materials used for lithium ion secondary batteries are roughly classified into graphite and amorphous materials.
- Graphite has a structure in which hexagonal network surfaces of carbon atoms are regularly stacked, and insertion / extraction reaction of lithium ions proceeds from the end portions of the stacked network surfaces to perform charge / discharge.
- the insertion / elimination reaction proceeds only at the end, the input / output performance is low.
- the crystallinity is high and there are few surface defects, there is a problem that the reactivity with the electrolytic solution is high and the life characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery are deteriorated.
- amorphous carbon is roughly classified into two types: hard carbon and soft carbon.
- Hard carbon is carbon in which crystals do not easily develop even when heat-treated to a high temperature of 2500 ° C. or higher
- soft carbon is carbon that is easily changed to a highly crystalline graphite structure by high-temperature treatment.
- Amorphous carbon in contrast to graphite, has low crystallinity on the particle surface and can suppress reaction with the electrolyte. Therefore, lithium ion secondary batteries using this as a negative electrode material use graphite. Compared with the case where it had, it has the characteristic that it is superior in a lifetime characteristic. On the other hand, since the structure is irregular, the irreversible capacity is large and the specific gravity is small, so that it is difficult to increase the electrode density and the energy density is low. Therefore, a lithium ion secondary battery having a small irreversible capacity, a large energy density, and excellent input / output characteristics and life characteristics and a negative electrode material for obtaining the lithium ion secondary battery are required.
- JP-A-4-370662 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-307956
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery having a small irreversible capacity and excellent input / output characteristics and life characteristics as compared with conventional lithium ion secondary batteries, and a negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries for obtaining the same. And a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode material.
- a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery having a carbon layer on the surface of a carbon material serving as a nucleus (A) The spacing between the carbon 002 planes determined by XRD measurement is 3.40 to 3.70 mm, (B) Mass reduction rate at 100 to 600 ° C. by 3.5 to 90% by TG analysis through a dry air flow, (C) the specific surface area determined from the nitrogen adsorption measurement at 77K is 0.5 to 10.0 m 2 / g, (D) The mass reduction rate Z at 100 to 600 ° C.
- a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (5).
- a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery according to (6).
- the irreversible capacity is small
- the lithium ion secondary battery has excellent input / output characteristics and life characteristics
- a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery for obtaining the same. It becomes possible to provide the negative electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries which uses a material and this negative electrode material.
- negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter, simply referred to as “negative electrode material”) will be described.
- the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery having a carbon layer on the surface of a carbon material serving as a nucleus,
- A The spacing between the carbon 002 planes determined by XRD measurement is 3.40 to 3.70 mm
- B The ratio (mass ratio) of the carbon layer to the carbon material is 0.005 to 0.1
- C the specific surface area determined from the nitrogen adsorption measurement at 77K is 0.5 to 10.0 m 2 / g
- D) The specific surface area Y obtained by carbon dioxide adsorption at 273K and the ratio (mass ratio) X of the carbon layer to the carbon material satisfy the following formula (I). 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ AX + 2.5 [where A 100]
- Formula (I) Formula (I)
- the spacing 002 of the carbon 002 plane determined by XRD measurement may be 3.40 to 3.70 mm, preferably 3.40 to 3.60 mm. More preferably, it is 40 to 3.50.
- the surface distance d002 is 3.40 mm or more, the input / output characteristics and the life characteristics are excellent. Moreover, if it is 3.70 mm or less, an irreversible capacity
- the interplanar spacing d002 of the carbon 002 surface tends to decrease by increasing the heat treatment temperature of the negative electrode material, and the interplanar spacing d002 can be set within the above range using this property.
- One feature of the negative electrode material of the present invention is that it has a low crystalline carbon layer on the surface of a carbon material serving as a nucleus, and (B) the ratio (mass ratio) of the carbon layer to the carbon material is 0.005. Is 0.1 to 0.1, preferably 0.005 to 0.09, and more preferably 0.005 to 0.08.
- the ratio (mass ratio) of the carbon layer to the carbon material is 0.005 or more, the input / output characteristics, the initial efficiency, and the life characteristics are excellent. Moreover, if it is 0.1 or less, the input / output characteristics are excellent.
- the carbon material serving as the nucleus is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a carbon material obtained by firing thermoplastic resin, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrolen, coal tar, tar pitch, and the like.
- the carbon layer can be formed, for example, by modifying the surface of these carbon materials.
- the modification method for example, the surface can be modified by coating the surface with a resin that remains carbonaceous by heat treatment and performing the heat treatment.
- the specific surface area determined from nitrogen adsorption measurements in (C) 77K is a 0.5m 2 / g ⁇ 10m 2 / g, 0.5m 2 /g ⁇ 9.0m more preferably 2 / g, more preferably 0.5m 2 /g ⁇ 8.0m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area is 0.5 m 2 / g or more, the input / output characteristics are excellent, and when the specific surface area is 10 m 2 / g or less, the life characteristics are excellent.
- the specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption can be calculated
- the specific surface area determined from the nitrogen adsorption measurement at 77K has a value, for example, by increasing the average particle diameter of the negative electrode material, increasing the heat treatment temperature of the negative electrode material, modifying the surface of the negative electrode material, etc. Using this property, the specific surface area obtained from the nitrogen adsorption measurement at 77K can be set within the above range.
- the negative electrode material of the present invention satisfies the above formula (I) in the relationship between (D) the specific surface area Y determined by carbon dioxide adsorption at 273K and the ratio (mass ratio) X of the carbon layer to the carbon material.
- a in formula (I) 100, 90 is preferable, and 80 is more preferable.
- the negative electrode material satisfying the formula (I) is excellent in life characteristics, and is a negative electrode material having high input / output and high efficiency.
- the negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries having the above characteristics has a low specific surface area even if it has a relatively high carbon layer ratio, and has low irreversible capacity, long life characteristics, and high input / output characteristics. It becomes a compatible material.
- the specific surface area obtained by carbon dioxide adsorption at 273 K is not limited, but from the viewpoint of life characteristics, initial efficiency, and input / output characteristics, 0.3 m 2 / g to 12 preferably .5m is 2 / g, more preferably 0.3m 2 /g ⁇ 11.5m 2 / g, still more preferably 0.3m 2 /g ⁇ 10.5m 2 / g .
- required from the carbon dioxide adsorption at 273K can be calculated
- the specific surface area obtained from carbon dioxide adsorption at 273 K has a value, for example, by increasing the average particle diameter of the negative electrode material, increasing the heat treatment temperature to the negative electrode material, modifying the surface of the negative electrode material, etc. Using this property, the specific surface area obtained by carbon dioxide adsorption at 273 K can be set within the above range.
- the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery having a carbon layer on the surface of a carbon material serving as a nucleus,
- A The spacing between the carbon 002 planes determined by XRD measurement is 3.40 to 3.70 mm
- B Mass reduction rate at 600 ° C. by TG analysis with passage of dry air is 3.5 to 90%
- C a specific surface area determined from nitrogen adsorption measurements at 77K is 0.5m 2 /g ⁇ 10.0m 2 / g or less
- D The mass reduction rate Z at 100 to 600 ° C.
- the mass reduction rate by TG analysis when passing through dry air is 3.5 to 90%, preferably 3.5 to 80%, preferably 3.5 to It is more preferably 75%, and further preferably 3.5 to 70%.
- the mass reduction rate can be measured with a TG analyzer (for example, SII technology TG / DTA6200). For example, it can be obtained by measuring the mass reduction rate at 100 ° C. to 600 ° C. while measuring with a temperature rise rate of 5 ° C./min under a flow of dry air of 300 ml / min using alumina as a reference.
- (D) the relationship between the mass reduction rate Z at 100 to 600 ° C. by TG analysis through the passage of dry air and the ratio (mass ratio) X of the carbon layer to the carbon material
- the value of B in the formula (II) is 900, preferably 800, more preferably 750, and still more preferably 700.
- the negative electrode material satisfying the formula (II) is excellent in life characteristics, and is a negative electrode material having high input / output and high efficiency.
- the R value is preferably 0.5 to 1.5.
- the R value is more preferably 0.5 to 1.3, and further preferably 0.5 to 1.2.
- Laser Raman spectroscopic measurement can be performed using NRS-1000 manufactured by JASCO Corporation at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm, a laser output of 3.9 mW, and an incident slit of 150 ⁇ m.
- the R value tends to increase, for example, by improving the crystallinity of the core material, and this value can be used to set the R value within the above range.
- the average particle diameter (50% D) of the negative electrode material of the present invention is preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m in any embodiment.
- the average particle diameter is 5 ⁇ m or more, the specific surface area can be in an appropriate range, the initial charge / discharge efficiency of the lithium ion secondary battery is excellent, and the particles are in good contact with each other and have excellent input / output characteristics.
- the average particle diameter is 30 ⁇ m or less, unevenness on the electrode surface is unlikely to occur and the short circuit of the battery can be suppressed, and the diffusion distance of Li from the particle surface to the inside becomes relatively short, so The output characteristics tend to improve.
- the average particle size is more preferably 5 to 40 ⁇ m, and further preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the particle size distribution can be measured by dispersing a sample in purified water containing a surfactant and measuring with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus (for example, SALD-3000J, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). Is calculated as 50% D.
- SALD-3000J a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus
- the true density of the negative electrode material of the present invention is preferably 1.80 to 2.20 g / cm 3 in any embodiment. Since the electrode density can be increased when the true density is 1.80 g / cm 3 or more, the charge / discharge capacity per volume of the lithium ion secondary battery is improved, and the initial charge / discharge efficiency tends to be improved. There is. On the other hand, when the true density is 2.20 g / cm 3 or less, the reactivity with the electrolytic solution is suppressed, and thus the life characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery tend to be improved. From this viewpoint, the true density is more preferably 1.90 to 2.20 g / cm 3 , and further preferably 1.80 to 2.20 g / cm 3 . The true density can be determined by a pycnometer method using butanol. For example, the true density tends to increase as the heat treatment temperature for the negative electrode material is increased, and the true density can be set within the above range by utilizing this property.
- the method for producing the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but as an example, a carbon layer is formed by modifying the surface of the carbon material serving as a nucleus, and the negative electrode material of the present invention can do.
- the method for obtaining the core carbon material is not particularly limited.
- a thermoplastic resin, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrolene, coal tar, tar pitch, etc. in an inert atmosphere at 800 ° C. or higher. It is calcined in the inside, and then pulverized by a known method such as a jet mill, vibration mill, pin mill, hammer mill and the like, and the particle size is adjusted to 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- heat treatment may be performed in advance before the above calcination.
- the heat treatment is performed in advance by an autoclave or the like, coarsely pulverized by a known method, and then calcined in an inert atmosphere at 800 ° C. or higher and pulverized to adjust the particle size. You can get it.
- the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention has, for example, an organic compound (carbon precursor) that leaves a carbonaceous material by heat treatment and is attached to the surface of the carbon material serving as a nucleus, and then the temperature is 750 ° C. to 1000 ° C. By calcination and carbonization in an inert atmosphere, the surface of the carbon material is modified, and the carbon layer can be formed.
- the method for adhering the organic compound to the surface of the carbon material serving as the nucleus is not particularly limited.
- the carbon particles (powder) serving as the nucleus are dispersed in a mixed solution obtained by dissolving or dispersing the organic compound in a solvent.
- Examples include a wet method for removing the solvent after mixing, a dry method in which carbon particles and an organic compound are mixed with each other and adhering the mixture by applying mechanical energy, and a vapor phase method such as a CVD method. However, it is preferable to make it adhere by the said dry system from a viewpoint of control of a specific surface area.
- organic compound (carbon precursor) that remains carbonaceous by the heat treatment there is no particular limitation on the organic compound (carbon precursor) that remains carbonaceous by the heat treatment.
- ethylene heavy end pitch, crude oil pitch, coal tar pitch, asphalt cracking pitch, polyvinyl chloride, etc. are pyrolyzed.
- a synthetic pitch produced by polymerizing pitch, naphthalene and the like produced in the presence of a super strong acid can be used.
- thermoplastic synthetic resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl butyral can also be used as the thermoplastic polymer compound. Natural products such as starch and cellulose can also be used.
- the negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is characterized by using the above-described negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention.
- the negative electrode material and the organic binder for the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention are kneaded together with a solvent by a dispersing device such as a stirrer, ball mill, super sand mill, pressure kneader, etc. to prepare a negative electrode material slurry, which is collected.
- the negative electrode layer can be formed by applying to an electric body, or by forming a paste-like negative electrode material slurry into a sheet shape, a pellet shape or the like and integrating it with a current collector.
- the organic binder is not particularly limited.
- styrene-butadiene copolymer methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylonitrile, hydroxyethyl (metaethyl) )
- Ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as acrylates, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid and maleic acid, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, polyepichlorohydrin, polyphosphoric acid
- Examples thereof include polymer compounds having a large ion conductivity such as sphazene and polyacrylonitrile.
- the content of the organic binder is preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention and the
- the thickener for adjusting a viscosity to the said negative electrode material slurry.
- the thickener for example, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid (salt), oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein and the like can be used.
- the conductive auxiliary material include carbon black, graphite, acetylene black, or an oxide or nitride that exhibits conductivity.
- the amount of the conductive auxiliary used may be about 1 to 15% by mass of the negative electrode material of the present invention.
- the material and shape of the current collector are not particularly limited.
- a porous material such as porous metal (foamed metal) or carbon paper can also be used.
- the method of applying the negative electrode material slurry to the current collector is not particularly limited.
- a rolling process using a flat plate press, a calendar roll or the like is performed as necessary.
- the integration of the negative electrode material slurry formed into a sheet shape, a pellet shape, and the like with the current collector can be performed by a known method such as a roll, a press, or a combination thereof.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is characterized by using the above-described negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention.
- the negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention and a positive electrode are separated from each other. Can be obtained by injecting the electrolyte solution.
- the positive electrode can be obtained by forming a positive electrode layer on the current collector surface in the same manner as the negative electrode.
- the current collector may be a band-shaped material made of a metal or an alloy such as aluminum, titanium, or stainless steel in a foil shape, a punched foil shape, a mesh shape, or the like.
- the positive electrode material used for the positive electrode layer is not particularly limited.
- a metal compound, metal oxide, metal sulfide, or conductive polymer material that can be doped or intercalated with lithium ions may be used.
- lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMnO 2 ), and double oxides thereof (LiCo x Ni y Mn z O 2 , x + y + z 1) , Lithium manganese spinel (LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium vanadium compound, V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13 , VO 2 , MnO 2 , TiO 2 , MoV 2 O 8 , TiS 2 , V 2 S 5 , VS 2 , MoS 2 , MoS 3 , Cr 3 O 8 , Cr 2 O 5 , olivine type LiMPO 4 ( M: Co, Ni, Mn, Fe), conductive polymers
- separator for example, a nonwoven fabric mainly composed of polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, cloth, microporous film, or a combination thereof can be used.
- a separator when it is set as the structure where the positive electrode and negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery to produce are not in direct contact, it is not necessary to use a separator.
- electrolyte examples include lithium salts such as LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, cyclopentanone, sulfolane, 3- Methyl sulfolane, 2,4-dimethyl sulfolane, 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-one, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, butyl methyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, Butyl ethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, methyl acetate
- the structure of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, usually, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a separator provided as necessary, are wound into a flat spiral to form a wound electrode group, In general, these are laminated as a flat plate to form a laminated electrode plate group, or the electrode plate group is enclosed in an exterior body.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is used as a paper-type battery, a button-type battery, a coin-type battery, a laminated battery, a cylindrical battery, a rectangular battery, or the like.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention described above has a small irreversible capacity and excellent input / output characteristics and life characteristics as compared with a lithium ion secondary battery using a conventional carbon material as a negative electrode.
- Example 1 to 10 The coal-based coal tar was heat-treated at 400 ° C. using an autoclave to obtain raw coke. After pulverizing this raw coke, it was calcined in an inert atmosphere at 1200 ° C. to obtain a coke mass. The coke mass was pulverized to an average particle size of 15 ⁇ m using an impact pulverizer equipped with a classifier, and then coarse powder was removed with a 300-mesh sieve to provide carbon particles as examples.
- carbon particles and polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization 1700, fully saponified type) produced above, 107 g of polyvinyl alcohol (Example 1), 428 g (Example 2), 1070 g (Example 3) with respect to 3000 g of carbon particles, 1712 g (Example 4) and 1926 g (Example 5) were mixed at a ratio.
- carbon particles and coal tar pitch are made up of carbon particle 3000 g, coal tar pitch 36 g (Example 6), 144 g (Example 7), 360 g (Example 8), 576 g (Example 9), 648 g (implementation). Example 10) was mixed.
- the above mixture was sealed in an apparatus that had a cylindrical case, a rotor blade was mounted inside, and the materials could be combined by rubbing the material between the cylinder inner wall and the rotor blade.
- the apparatus was operated for 10 minutes at a load of 24 kW to produce a resin carbon powder composite.
- the coating carbon ratio in each example was calculated to be 0.005 (Examples 1 and 6) and 0.02 (implementation), respectively.
- Examples 2 and 7 0.05 (Examples 3 and 8), 0.07 (Examples 4 and 9), and 0.09 (Examples 5 and 10).
- the physical properties and electrical characteristics of the carbon particles and the negative electrode material samples of each example were measured as follows. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 to 14 The coal-based coal tar was heat-treated at 400 ° C. using an autoclave to obtain raw coke. After pulverizing this raw coke, it was calcined in an inert atmosphere at 1200 ° C. to obtain a coke mass. The coke mass was made into an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m (for Example 11) and 6 ⁇ m (for Example 12) using an airflow type pulverizer equipped with a classifier, and 40 ⁇ m (for Example 13) using an impact type pulverizer. After pulverizing to 60 ⁇ m (for Example 14), the coarse powder was removed with a 300-mesh sieve and used as carbon particles in the Example.
- the carbon particles and polyvinyl alcohol (polymerization degree 1700, fully saponified type) prepared above were 3 ⁇ m (for Example 11), 6 ⁇ m (for Example 12), 40 ⁇ m (for Example 13) with respect to 1070 g of polyvinyl alcohol. , 60 ⁇ m (for Example 14) carbon particles were mixed at a rate of 3000 g. Thereafter, the same treatment as in Examples 1 to 10 was performed to obtain a negative electrode material sample.
- the physical properties and electrical characteristics of the carbon particles and the negative electrode material samples of each example were measured as follows. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- TG mass reduction rate Measured from mass reduction rate at 100 ° C. to 600 ° C. using SII technology TG / DTA6200, measurement with dry air 300 ml / min, alumina reference, heating rate 5 ° C./min. .
- Raman spectrum peak intensity ratio measured using NRS-1000 manufactured by JASCO Corporation, laser output 10 mW, spectrometer F single, incident slit width 800 ⁇ m, number of integrations 2 times, exposure time 120 seconds. .
- Average particle size A solution in which graphite particles are dispersed in purified water together with a surfactant is placed in a sample water tank of a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (SALD-3000J, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and pumped while applying ultrasonic waves. And measured with a laser diffraction method. The 50% cumulative particle size (50% D) of the obtained particle size distribution was taken as the average particle size.
- SALD-3000J laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer
- True specific gravity Measured by a butanol replacement method (JIS R7212) using a specific gravity bottle.
- Nitrogen specific surface area After the obtained graphite particles were vacuum-dried at 200 ° C. for 3 hours, nitrogen adsorption at a liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) was measured by a multipoint method using ASAP2010 manufactured by Micromeritics, and calculated according to the BET method.
- PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added to a solid content of 8% by mass with respect to 92% by mass of the negative electrode material sample of each example, and kneaded to obtain a paste-like negative electrode material slurry.
- This slurry was applied to an electrolytic copper foil having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m so as to have a diameter of 9.5 mm using a mask having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m, and further dried at 105 ° C. to remove N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. ) Was produced.
- LiPF 6 was mixed with LiPF in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) (EC and MEC are in a volume ratio of 3: 7).
- EC ethylene carbonate
- MEC methyl ethyl carbonate
- Metal lithium was used for the counter electrode, and a polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was used for the separator.
- the coin battery prepared above was charged to 0 V (Vvs. Li / Li + ) with a constant current of 0.2 mA, and then charged with a constant voltage of 0 V until the current reached 0.02 mA.
- a one-cycle test was performed in which the battery was discharged to 1.5 V (Vvs. Li / Li + ) at a constant current of 0.2 mA, and the discharge capacity and the initial charge / discharge efficiency were measured.
- the initial charge / discharge efficiency was calculated as (discharge capacity) / (charge capacity) ⁇ 100.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- a negative electrode material slurry was prepared in the same manner as in the section of the initial charge / discharge capacity and efficiency measurement. This slurry was applied to an electrolytic copper foil having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m with a comma coater in which the clearance was adjusted so that the coating amount was 4.5 mg / cm 2 . This electrode was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 14 mm to produce a measurement electrode.
- LiPF 6 is mixed with ethylene carbonate (EC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) (EC and MEC are in a volume ratio of 3: 7) with LiPF 6 as a mixed solvent.
- An electrolyte solution dissolved to a concentration of 1.0 mol / liter was injected to prepare a coin battery.
- Metal lithium was used for the counter electrode, and a polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was used for the separator.
- the life characteristics were evaluated by the following procedures (1) to (5).
- (1) The battery was charged to 0 V (Vvs. Li / Li + ) with a constant current of 0.20 mA, and then charged with a constant voltage of 0 V until the current reached 0.020 mA.
- the battery was charged to 0 V (Vvs. Li / Li + ) with a constant current of 2.0 mA and charged with a constant voltage of 0 V until the current became 0.20 mA.
- a coin battery was produced by a method equivalent to the life characteristics, and the input characteristics were evaluated by the following procedure. It was charged at a constant current of 0.2 mA / cm 2 until 0V (Vvs.Li/Li +), after 30 minutes of dwell time, at a constant current of 0.2mA / cm 2 1.5V (Vvs.Li/Li + ) Was repeated twice, and the charge / discharge capacity per electrode volume at a low current was measured. After a rest time of 30 minutes, the battery was charged to 0 V (Vvs. Li / Li + ) with a constant current of 8 mA / cm 2 , and the charge capacity per electrode volume at a large current was measured.
- the charge / discharge capacity per electrode volume (mAh / cm 3 ) was calculated by multiplying the measured value of charge / discharge capacity per mAb mass (mAh / g) by the electrode density (g / cm 3 ).
- the input characteristics were evaluated by the value obtained by dividing the charge / discharge capacity per electrode volume at the large current (8 mA / cm 2 ) by the charge / discharge capacity per electrode volume at the low current (0.2 mA / cm 2 ). . It can be determined that the larger this value, the better the input / output characteristics. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the obtained carbon layer-covered carbon particles were crushed with a cutter mill and passed through a 300 mesh standard sieve to obtain a negative electrode material sample.
- Polyvinyl alcohol was heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 5 hours alone, then heated to 900 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 20 ° C./hour under a nitrogen flow, and the carbonization rate when held for 1 hour was 14%.
- the coating carbon ratio was calculated from this value and the carbon coating amount, and found to be 0.11.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in the example using the above-mentioned negative electrode material sample of carbon particles, and the same evaluation was performed. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- the water was evaporated and removed to obtain polyvinyl alcohol-coated carbon particles.
- the obtained polyvinyl alcohol-coated carbon particles are heat-treated in air at 200 ° C. for 5 hours to infusible polyvinyl alcohol, and then heated to 900 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 20 ° C./hour under a nitrogen flow.
- the carbon layer-coated carbon particles were held for 1 hour.
- the obtained carbon-coated carbon particles were crushed with a cutter mill and passed through a 300-mesh standard sieve to obtain a negative electrode material sample.
- the obtained carbon-coated carbon particles were crushed with a cutter mill and passed through a 300-mesh standard sieve to obtain a negative electrode material sample.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in the example using the carbon particles and the negative electrode material samples of the respective comparative examples, and the same evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the carbon powder was subjected to a carbon layer coating treatment in the same manner as the carbon particles in Example 3, and coarse powder was removed using a 300 mesh sieve to obtain a negative electrode material sample. Furthermore, using this negative electrode material sample, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in the example, and the same evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 14 are excellent in input characteristics while maintaining high charge / discharge capacity and life characteristics.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery for obtaining a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in charge / discharge capacity, life characteristics and input / output characteristics, and a balance thereof, and A negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode material can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
更に詳しくは、高入出力特性を有する二次電池を必要とする電気自動車、パワーツール等の用途に好適なリチウムイオン二次電池とそれを得るためのリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材、及び該負極材を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用負極に関する。
黒鉛は炭素原子の六角網面が規則正しく積層した構造を有するもので、積層した網面の端部よりリチウムイオンの挿入脱離反応が進行し充放電を行う。
しかしながら、挿入脱離反応が端部でのみ進行するため入出力性能が低い。また、結晶性が高く表面の欠陥が少ないが故に、電解液との反応性が高く、リチウムイオン二次電池の寿命特性が悪くなるといった問題点を有する。
そこで、不可逆容量が小さく、かつエネルギー密度が大きく、入出力特性及び寿命特性に優れたリチウムイオン二次電池とそれを得るための負極材料が要求されている。
(A)XRD測定より求められる炭素002面の面間隔が3.40~3.70Å、
(B)前記炭素材料に対する前記炭素層の比率(質量比)が0.005~0.1、
(C)77Kでの窒素吸着測定より求めた比表面積が0.5~10.0m2/g、
(D)273Kでの二酸化炭素吸着より求めた比表面積Yと、前記炭素材料に対する前記炭素層の比率(質量比)Xが下記式(I)を満たすことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
0<Y<AX+2.5 [ただし、A=100とする] 式(I)
(A)XRD測定より求められる炭素002面の面間隔が3.40~3.70Å、
(B)乾燥空気流通過でのTG分析による100~600℃での質量減少率が3.5~90%、
(C)77Kでの窒素吸着測定より求めた比表面積が0.5~10.0m2/g、
(D)乾燥空気流通過でのTG分析による100~600℃での質量減少率Zと、前記炭素材料に対する前記炭素層の比率(質量比)Xが下記式(II)を満たすことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
3.5≦Z<BX+10 [ただし、B=900とする] 式(II)
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材は、第1の態様によると、核となる炭素材料の表面に炭素層を有するリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材であって、
(A)XRD測定より求められる炭素002面の面間隔が3.40~3.70Å、
(B)前記炭素材料に対する前記炭素層の比率(質量比)が0.005~0.1、
(C)77Kでの窒素吸着測定より求めた比表面積が0.5~10.0m2/g、
(D)273Kでの二酸化炭素吸着より求めた比表面積Yと、前記炭素材料に対する前記炭素層の比率(質量比)Xが下記式(I)を満たすことを特徴とする。
0<Y<AX+2.5 [ただし、A=100とする] 式(I)
前記式(I)を満たす負極材は、寿命特性に優れ、高入出力で高効率な負極材となる。
上記特徴を有するリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材は、比較的高い炭素層の比率を有していても、低い比表面積を有することとなり、低い不可逆容量と、長寿命特性、高入出力特性を両立した材料となる。
なお、273Kでの二酸化炭素吸着より求めた比表面積は、273Kでの二酸化炭素吸着測定より得た吸着等温線からBET法を用いて求めることができる。
(A)XRD測定より求められる炭素002面の面間隔が3.40~3.70Å、
(B)乾燥空気流通過でのTG分析による600℃での質量減少率が3.5~90%、
(C)77Kでの窒素吸着測定より求めた比表面積が0.5m2/g~10.0m2/g以下、
(D)乾燥空気流通過でのTG分析による100~600℃での質量減少率Zと、前記炭素材料に対する前記炭素層の比率(質量比)Xが下記式(II)を満たすことを特徴とする。
3.5≦Z<BX+10 [ただし、B=900とする] 式(II)
第2の態様における要件(A)及び(C)は、それぞれ、第1の態様における要件(A)、(C)と同一であるため説明を省略し、相違点である要件(B)及び(D)について説明する。
また、前記質量減少率は、TG分析装置(例えば、SII technology TG/DTA6200)で測定することができる。例えば、乾燥空気300ml/分の流通下で、アルミナをリファレンスとして、昇温速度を5℃/分として測定を行い、100℃~600℃での質量減少率を測定することにより得ることが出来る。
前記式(II)を満たす負極材は、寿命特性に優れ、高入出力で高効率な負極材となる。
真密度は、例えば、負極材への熱処理温度を高くすることで値が大きくなる傾向があり、この性質を利用して真密度を上記範囲内に設定することができる。
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極は、既述の本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材を用いてなることを特徴とする。
例えば、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材及び有機結着材を溶剤とともに撹拌機、ボールミル、スーパーサンドミル、加圧ニーダー等の分散装置により混練し、負極材スラリーを調製し、これを集電体に塗布して負極層を形成する、または、ペースト状の負極材スラリーをシート状、ペレット状等の形状に成形し、これを集電体と一体化することで得ることができる。
また、上記負極材スラリーには、導電補助材を混合してもよい。導電補助材としては、例えば、カーボンブラック、グラファイト、アセチレンブラック、あるいは導電性を示す酸化物や窒化物等が挙げられる。導電補助剤の使用量は、本発明の負極材の1~15質量%程度とすればよい。
さらに、上記集電体の材質および形状については、特に限定されず、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル、チタン、ステンレス鋼等を、箔状、穴開け箔状、メッシュ状等にした帯状のものを用いればよい。また、多孔性材料、たとえばポーラスメタル(発泡メタル)やカーボンペーパーなども使用可能である。
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、既述の本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極を用いてなることを特徴とし、例えば、上記本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極と正極とをセパレータを介して対向して配置し、電解液を注入することにより得ることができる。
以上で説明した本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、従来の炭素材料を負極に用いたリチウムイオン二次電池と比較して、不可逆容量が小さく、入出力特性及び寿命特性に優れる。
石炭系コールタールを、オートクレーブを用いて400℃で熱処理し、生コークスを得た。この生コークスを粉砕した後、1200℃の不活性雰囲気中でカ焼を行い、コークス塊を得た。このコークス塊を分級機付きの衝撃粉砕機を用いて平均粒径15μmに粉砕後、300メッシュの篩にて粗粉を除去して炭素粒子として実施例に供した。
この値及び炭素被覆量より各実施例での被覆炭素割合(炭素材料に対する炭素層の比率(質量比))を計算したところ、それぞれ0.005(実施例1,6)、0.02(実施例2,7)、0.05(実施例3,8)、0.07(実施例4,9)、0.09(実施例5,10)であった。上記炭素粒子及び各実施例の負極材試料の物性値・電気的特性を下記の要領で測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
石炭系コールタールを、オートクレーブを用いて400℃で熱処理し、生コークスを得た。この生コークスを粉砕した後、1200℃の不活性雰囲気中でカ焼を行い、コークス塊を得た。このコークス塊を分級機付きの気流式粉砕機を用いて平均粒子径3μm(実施例11用)、6μm(実施例12用)に、衝撃式粉砕機を用いて40μm(実施例13用)、60μm(実施例14用)に粉砕後、300メッシュの篩にて粗粉を除去して炭素粒子として実施例に供した。
各実施例の負極材試料92質量%に対し、N-メチル-2ピロリドンに溶解したポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を固形分で8質量%となるよう加えて混練してペースト状の負極材スラリーを作製した。このスラリーを厚さ40μmの電解銅箔に厚さ200μmのマスクを用い直径9.5mmとなるよう塗布し、さらに、105℃で乾燥してN-メチル-2ピロリドンを除去し、試料電極(負極)を作製した。
初回充放電容量,効率測定の項と同様の方法で負極材スラリーを作製した。このスラリーを塗工量が4.5mg/cm2となるようにクリアランスを調整したコンマコーターで、厚さ40μmの電解銅箔に塗工した。この電極を、直径14mmの円盤状に打ち抜き、測定電極を作製した。
(1)0.20mAの定電流で0V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで充電し、次いで0Vの定電圧で電流が0.020mAになるまで充電した。
(2)30分の休止時間後に0.24mAの定電流で1.5V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで放電する1サイクル試験を行い、放電容量を測定した。
(3)2.0mAの定電流で0V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで充電し、0Vの定電圧で電流が0.20mAになるまで充電した。
(4)30分の休止時間後に2.0mAの定電流で1.5V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで放電した。
(5)上記(3)及び(4)の充放電サイクル試験を50サイクル行った。
このサイクルを50回繰り返したときの1サイクル目からの放電容量維持率(= 50サイクル目放電容量/1サイクル目放電容量×100)を測定し、寿命特性評価を行った。この放電容量維持率が高いほど寿命特性に優れた材料である事を示す。結果を表1に示す。
寿命特性と同等の方法でコイン電池を作製し、下記手順で入力特性の評価を行った。
0.2mA/cm2の定電流で0V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで充電し、30分の休止時間後に、0.2mA/cm2の定電流で1.5V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで放電するサイクルを2回繰り返し、低電流での電極体積当りの充放電容量を測定した。
30分の休止時間後に、8mA/cm2の定電流で0V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで充電し、大電流での電極体積当りの充電容量を測定した。
なお、電極体積当りの充放電容量(mAh/cm3)は、負極材質量当りの充放電容量(mAh/g)の測定値に電極密度(g/cm3)を乗じて算出した。入力特性は、上記大電流(8mA/cm2)での電極体積当りの充放電容量を上記低電流(0.2mA/cm2)での電極体積当りの充放電容量で除した値により評価した。この値が大きいほど入出力特性に優れると判断することができる。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1、12で用いた表面改質を行っていない(炭素層被覆していない)平均子粒径6μm(比較例1)、15μm(比較例2)の炭素粒子を用いて実施例と同様の方法でリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、同様の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1~10で用いた炭素粒子とポリビニルアルコール(重合度1700、完全けん化型)を、炭素粒子3000gに対して、ポリビニルアルコール2359gの割合で混合した。上記混合物を、シリンダー状のケースを持ち、その内部に回転翼が取り付けられ、シリンダー内壁と回転翼の間で材料を擦り合わせることにより材料の複合化を行える装置中に密閉した。その装置を25kWの負荷で10分間装置を運転することにより樹脂炭素粉複合体を作製した。
次いで不活性雰囲気下、20℃/時間の昇温速度で900℃まで昇温し、1時間保持して炭素層被覆炭素粒子とした。得られた炭素層被覆炭素粒子をカッターミルで解砕、300メッシュの標準篩を通し、負極材試料とした。ポリビニルアルコールを単独で200℃、5時間加熱処理し、次いで窒素流通下、20℃/時間の昇温速度で900℃まで昇温し、1時間保持した場合の炭化率は14%であった。この値及び炭素被覆量より被覆炭素割合を計算したところ、0.11であった。上記炭素粒子の負極材試料を用いて実施例と同様の方法でリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、同様の評価を行った。測定結果を表1に示す。
界面活性剤としてドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム1gを溶解したイオン交換水に、ポリビニルアルコール(重合度1700、完全けん化型)を107g(比較例4)、1070g(比較例5)、1926g(比較例6)をそれぞれ溶解し、4種の濃度の混合溶液を調製した。得られた各混合溶液と実施例1~10で作製した炭素粒子3000gを加熱機構を有する双腕型混錬機に投入し、室温(25℃)で1時間混合し、次いで120℃に温度を上げ、水を蒸発、除去し、ポリビニルアルコール被覆炭素粒子を得た。得られたポリビニルアルコール被覆炭素粒子を空気中、200℃で5時間加熱処理を行い、ポリビニルアルコールを不融化し、次いで窒素流通下、20℃/時間の昇温速度で900℃まで昇温し、1時間保持して炭素層被覆炭素粒子とした。得られた炭素被覆炭素粒子をカッターミルで解砕、300メッシュの標準篩を通し、負極材試料とした。
キノリンにコールタールピッチを360g溶解し、混合溶液を調製した。得られた混合溶液と実施例1~10で作製した平均子粒径15μm炭素粒子3000gを加熱機構を有する双腕型混錬機に投入し、室温(25℃)で1時間混合し、次いで270℃に温度を上げ、キノリンを蒸発、除去し、コールタールピッチ被覆炭素粒子を得た。得られたコールタールピッチ被覆炭素粒子を窒素流通下、20℃/時間の昇温速度で900℃まで昇温し、1時間保持して炭素層被覆炭素粒子とした。得られた炭素被覆炭素粒子をカッターミルで解砕、300メッシュの標準篩を通し、負極材試料とした。上記炭素粒子及び各比較例の負極材試料を用いて実施例と同様の方法でリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、同様の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
ストレートノボラック樹脂に、硬化剤としてヘキサミンを加え、180℃に加熱したホットプレート上で混合を行いながら硬化処理を行った。この硬化樹脂を200℃のオーブン中にて5時間加熱処理することにより、完全に硬化処理を終わらせた。続いて、この樹脂をハンマーで粗砕した後、分級機付きの衝撃粉砕機を用いて粉砕した。この粉砕樹脂を、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度20℃/時で1000℃まで昇温、続いて1000℃で1時間保持することによって炭素粉末を得た。
この炭素粉末に対し、実施例3における炭素粒子と同様の方法で炭素層被覆処理を行い、300メッシュの篩を用いて粗粉を除去して負極材試料を得た。さらに、この負極材試料を用いて、実施例と同様の方法でリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、同様の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
平均粒径15μmの球状天然黒鉛を300M(メッシュ)で篩分けて炭素粉末を得た。
この炭素粉末に対し、実施例3における炭素粒子と同様の方法で炭素層被覆処理を行い、300メッシュの篩を用いて粗粉を除去して負極材試料を得た。さらに、この負極材試料を用いて、実施例と同様の方法でリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、同様の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (7)
- 核となる炭素材料の表面に炭素層を有するリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材であって、
(A)XRD測定より求められる炭素002面の面間隔が3.40~3.70Å、
(B)前記炭素材料に対する前記炭素層の比率(質量比)が0.005~0.1、
(C)77Kでの窒素吸着測定より求めた比表面積が0.5~10.0m2/g、
(D)273Kでの二酸化炭素吸着より求めた比表面積Yと、前記炭素材料に対する前記炭素層の比率(質量比)Xが下記式(I)を満たすことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
0<Y<AX+2.5 [ただし、A=100とする] 式(I) - 核となる炭素材料の表面に炭素層を有するリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材であって、
(A)XRD測定より求められる炭素002面の面間隔が3.40~3.70Å、
(B)乾燥空気流通過でのTG分析による100~600℃での質量減少率が3.5~90%、
(C)77Kでの窒素吸着測定より求めた比表面積が0.5~10.0m2/g、
(D)乾燥空気流通過でのTG分析による100~600℃での質量減少率Zと、前記炭素材料に対する前記炭素層の比率(質量比)Xが下記式(II)を満たすことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
3.5≦Z<BX+10 [ただし、B=900とする] 式(II) - 励起波長532nmのレーザーラマン分光測定により求めたプロファイルの中で、1360cm-1付近に現れるピークの強度をId、1580cm-1付近に現れるピークの強度をIgとし、その両ピークの強度比Id/IgをR値とした際、そのR値が0.5~1.5であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
- 平均粒子径(50%D)が5~50μmであることを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
- 真密度が1.80~2.20g/cm3であることを特徴とする請求項1~4いずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
- 請求項1~5いずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材を用いてなることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用負極。
- 請求項6に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極を用いてなることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。
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| US13/580,675 US20120328954A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery, negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode material, and lithium ion secondary battery |
| JP2012501829A JP5811999B2 (ja) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材、該負極材を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| CN201180011014.8A CN102770994B (zh) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | 锂离子二次电池用负极材料、使用该负极材料的锂离子二次电池用负极和锂离子二次电池 |
| EP20202564.9A EP3787077A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery, negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode material, and lithium ion secondary battery |
| KR1020127021629A KR101809766B1 (ko) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | 리튬 이온 2차 전지용 음극재, 그 음극재를 이용한 리튬 이온 2차 전지용 음극 및 리튬 이온 2차 전지 |
| CA2790582A CA2790582C (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery, negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode material, and lithium ion secondary battery |
| EP11747404.9A EP2541657A4 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR A LITHIUMION SECONDARY BATTERY, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE WITH THE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR A LITHIUMION SECONDARY BATTERY, AND A LITHIUMIONE SECONDARY BATTERY |
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| US (1) | US20120328954A1 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP2541657A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5811999B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101809766B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102770994B (ja) |
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| JP2011175919A (ja) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-09-08 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材、該負極材を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| WO2016104024A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-06-30 | 日立化成株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池 |
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| CN103053060B (zh) | 2010-08-05 | 2016-02-24 | 和光纯药工业株式会社 | 非水系电解液和使用其的非水系电解液电池 |
| KR101867807B1 (ko) * | 2010-08-05 | 2018-06-18 | 와코 쥰야꾸 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 비수계 전해액, 그 제조법, 및 당해 전해액을 사용한 비수계 전해액 전지 |
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| TWI599092B (zh) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-09-11 | Kureha Corp | Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Secondary Battery Negative Carbonaceous Material |
| TWI604655B (zh) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-11-01 | Kureha Corp | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery negative carbonaceous material |
| TWI565654B (zh) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-01-11 | Kureha Corp | Production method of carbonaceous material for negative electrode of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and carbonaceous material for negative electrode of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| TWI816598B (zh) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-09-21 | 台灣中油股份有限公司 | 負極碳材的製法及其鋰離子二次電池 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP5811999B2 (ja) | 2015-11-11 |
| EP2541657A4 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| EP2541657A1 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
| US20120328954A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
| CN102770994B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
| KR101809766B1 (ko) | 2017-12-15 |
| EP3787077A1 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
| CN102770994A (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
| CA2790582A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
| JPWO2011105444A1 (ja) | 2013-06-20 |
| KR20130008532A (ko) | 2013-01-22 |
| CA2790582C (en) | 2018-10-23 |
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