WO2011158706A1 - Ni基耐熱合金用溶接材料ならびにそれを用いてなる溶接金属および溶接継手 - Google Patents
Ni基耐熱合金用溶接材料ならびにそれを用いてなる溶接金属および溶接継手 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011158706A1 WO2011158706A1 PCT/JP2011/063097 JP2011063097W WO2011158706A1 WO 2011158706 A1 WO2011158706 A1 WO 2011158706A1 JP 2011063097 W JP2011063097 W JP 2011063097W WO 2011158706 A1 WO2011158706 A1 WO 2011158706A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a welding material for a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy, a weld metal and a welded joint using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a welding material suitable for welding a Ni-based heat-resistant alloy used in equipment used at high temperatures such as a power generation boiler, and a weld metal and a welded joint obtained by using the welding material.
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 disclose various Ni-based alloys. These all define various alloy element ranges in order to satisfy the required performance as a base material.
- Ni-base heat-resistant alloys When these Ni-base heat-resistant alloys are used as structures, they are generally assembled by welding.
- the “hot cracking at the time of welding” includes “solidification cracking” and “ductility-reducing cracking”.
- AWS A5.14-2005 ER NiCrCoMo-1 is known as a welding material for Ni-base heat-resistant alloys used when assembling by welding.
- Patent Documents 6 to 8 propose various welding materials for Ni-based alloys.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a welding material used for welding high-strength oxide dispersion strengthened alloys and heat-resistant alloys. By actively containing solid solution strengthening elements such as Mo and Nb, strength is increased. An improved oxide dispersion strengthened alloy welding material has been proposed. Patent Document 7 and Patent Document 8 propose a welding material for Ni-based alloys, which has been strengthened by utilizing the solid solution strengthening effect by Mo and W and the precipitation strengthening effect by Al and Ti.
- Non-Patent Document 1 points out that intergranular cracking occurs during post-weld heat treatment in a welding heat-affected zone (hereinafter referred to as “HAZ”) of a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy. In addition to precipitation, it is suggested that S grain boundary segregation affects.
- HZ welding heat-affected zone
- Non-Patent Document 2 discusses measures for preventing intergranular cracking in HAZ during long-time heating of 18Cr-8Ni-Nb austenitic heat-resistant steel welds. And the countermeasure from the welding process surface that reduction of the welding residual stress by application of appropriate post-heat treatment is effective in preventing grain boundary cracking in HAZ has been proposed.
- a weld metal obtained using the above-mentioned welding material for Ni-base heat-resistant alloys is a crack that occurs during long-term use (hereinafter referred to as “stress relaxation crack”). Is still a challenge. Also, in the above Patent Documents 6 to 8, no consideration is given to stress relaxation cracking. For this reason, the weld metal obtained using the welding materials proposed in Patent Documents 6 to 8 still has a problem with respect to stress relaxation cracking.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-1077736 JP 63-050440 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-150277 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-157779 JP 2001-073053 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-193174 WO2010-013565 WO2007-119847
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and provides a welding material for a Ni-base heat resistant alloy having excellent hot cracking resistance at the time of welding, and hot cracking resistance during welding using the same. It is an object of the present invention to provide a weld metal having stress relaxation crack resistance and good creep strength during long-time use. Furthermore, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a welded joint comprising a weld metal using this weld material and a base material of a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy excellent in high temperature strength.
- Non-Patent Document 1 shows that the reduction of S that weakens the grain boundaries or the inclusion of Ca and Mg to fix S is effective in preventing the cracking.
- the weld metal is generally used in an as-solidified structure, and the phenomenon is expected to be different from HAZ based on a tempered base material such as heat treatment. It is unlikely that the proposed HAZ crack countermeasures can be applied to stress relaxation cracks as they are.
- Ca and Mg proposed in Non-Patent Document 1 have a very strong affinity for oxygen, oxides are easily formed during welding.
- (J) Mo contributes to the improvement of creep strength as a solid solution strengthening element, but in this case, the decrease in intra-grain deformability is small compared to the case where fine intermetallic compounds precipitate.
- the welding material for the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy is based on an alloy of Cr: 20-25% and Ni: 46-56% by mass, C: 0.06-0.18%, Mo : By containing more than 10.0% and not more than 14% and Al: 0.1 to 1.0%, resistance to hot cracking during welding, resistance to stress relaxation cracking during long-term use at high temperature, and desired It was found that good creep strength can be secured.
- the Ni base excellent in high-temperature strength including Ni: 46 to 56%, Cr: 20 to 25% and Mo: 7.0 to 10.0% in mass%. It is preferable to use a heat-resistant alloy as a base material because excellent creep strength can be secured even in the base material.
- the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy having excellent high-temperature strength used as the base material may be a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy having the same chemical composition as the welding material according to the present invention, or may be different.
- C 0.04 to 0.12%, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.5% or less, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Ni: 46 to 56%, Co: 10 to 15%, Cr: 20 to 25%, Mo: 7.0 to 10.0%, W: 0.5% or less, Ti: 0.00. 1 to 0.5%, N: 0.01% or less, B: 0.005% or less, Al: 0.8 to 1.8% and Nd: 0.005 to 0.1%, the balance being It is preferable to use a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy composed of Fe and impurities and excellent in high temperature strength.
- impurities in the “Fe and impurities” as the balance are due to various factors in the manufacturing process including raw materials such as ore or scrap when industrially manufacturing welding materials or heat-resistant alloys. It refers to what gets mixed.
- the present invention has been completed based on the above findings, and the gist of the present invention is the welding materials shown in the following (1) and (2), the weld metal shown in (3), and (4) to (6). It is in the welded joint shown in
- a welded joint comprising the weld metal according to (3) above and a base material of a Ni-based heat-resistant alloy having excellent high-temperature strength.
- the base material of the Ni-based heat-resistant alloy having excellent high-temperature strength contains, by mass%, Mo: 7.0 to 10.0%, Ni: 46 to 56%, and Cr: 20 to 25%.
- the base material of the Ni-based heat-resistant alloy having excellent high-temperature strength is, in mass%, C: 0.04 to 0.12%, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.5% or less, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Ni: 46 to 56%, Co: 10 to 15%, Cr: 20 to 25%, Mo: 7.0 to 10.0%, Ti: 0.00. 1 to 0.5%, N: 0.01% or less, B: 0.005% or less, Al: 0.8 to 1.8% and Nd: 0.005 to 0.1%, the balance being It consists of Fe and an impurity, The weld joint as described in said (4) characterized by the above-mentioned.
- a welding material for a Ni-base heat resistant alloy having excellent hot cracking resistance during welding, and using it, hot cracking resistance during welding and use at high temperatures for a long time. It is possible to provide a weld metal having moderate stress relaxation cracking resistance and good creep strength. Furthermore, using this welding material, a high temperature cracking resistance during welding, a stress relaxation cracking resistance during long-time use at high temperatures, and a base of a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy excellent in high-temperature strength and a weld metal having good creep strength. A welded joint made of a material can be provided.
- the reason for limiting the chemical composition of the welding material for the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy is as follows.
- “%” display of the content of each element means “mass%”.
- C 0.06 to 0.18%
- C is an austenite-forming element and is an element effective for enhancing the stability of the austenite structure when used at high temperatures.
- C is an important element for preventing hot cracking during welding in the present invention. That is, C mainly binds to Cr in the solidification process to generate eutectic carbide, accelerates the disappearance of the liquid phase, and changes the structure of the final solidified portion to a lamella of (Cr, M) 23 C 6 and austenite. A tissue is used. As a result, the remaining form of the liquid phase changes from a planar shape to a point shape, and stress concentration on a specific surface is suppressed, so that solidification cracking can be prevented.
- C increases the final solidification interface area that becomes a segregation site of impurities, and thus contributes to the prevention of ductile deterioration cracking during welding and the reduction of the sensitivity of stress relaxation cracking during high temperature use.
- excess C that does not become carbide during solidification is finely precipitated as carbide during high temperature use, and on the contrary, the stress relaxation cracking sensitivity is increased. Therefore, the C content is 0.06 to 0.18%.
- a desirable lower limit of the C content is 0.07%, and a desirable upper limit is 0.15%.
- Si 0.5% or less Si is contained as a deoxidizer, but segregates at the columnar grain boundaries during solidification of the weld metal, lowers the melting point of the liquid phase, and increases the susceptibility to solidification cracking. Therefore, the Si content needs to be 0.5% or less.
- the Si content is preferably 0.3% or less.
- the lower limit of the Si content is not particularly set, but is desirably 0.01%. If at least 0.01% of Si is contained, a deoxidizing effect can be obtained. A more desirable lower limit of the Si content is 0.02%.
- Mn 1.5% or less Mn is contained as a deoxidizer in the same manner as Si. However, when Mn is excessively contained, embrittlement is caused, so the Mn content needs to be 1.5% or less.
- the Mn content is preferably 1.2% or less. Although there is no particular lower limit for the Mn content, it is preferably 0.01%. The above effect can be obtained if at least 0.01% of Mn is contained. A more desirable lower limit of the Mn content is 0.02%.
- Ni 46-56%
- Ni is an effective element for obtaining an austenite structure, and is an essential element for ensuring the structure stability during long-time use and obtaining sufficient creep strength.
- a Ni content of 46% or more is necessary.
- Ni is an expensive element, and a large amount of Ni exceeding 56% causes an increase in cost. Therefore, the Ni content is set to 46 to 56%.
- a desirable lower limit of the Ni content is 46.5%, and a desirable upper limit is 55.5%.
- a more desirable lower limit of the Ni content is 47%, and a more desirable upper limit is 55%.
- Co 10-15% Co, like Ni, is an element effective for obtaining an austenite structure, and contributes to creep strength by increasing phase stability. In order to sufficiently obtain the effect, a Co content of 10% or more is necessary. However, Co is an extremely expensive element, and a large content of Co exceeding 15% causes an increase in cost. Therefore, the Co content is 10 to 15%. A desirable lower limit of the Co content is 10.5%, and a desirable upper limit is 14.5%.
- Cr 20-25%
- Cr is an essential element for securing oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance at high temperatures. Cr combines with C in the solidification process to produce eutectic carbide, prevents solidification cracking and ductile degradation cracking during welding, and also has the effect of reducing stress relaxation cracking susceptibility during high temperature use. In order to obtain these effects, it is necessary to contain 20% or more of Cr. However, if the Cr content is excessive and exceeds 25%, the stability of the structure at high temperatures deteriorates, leading to a decrease in creep strength. For this reason, the Cr content is 20 to 25%. A desirable lower limit of the Cr content is 20.5%, and a desirable upper limit is 24.5%. The more desirable lower limit of the Cr content is 21%, and the more desirable upper limit is 24%.
- Mo more than 10.0% and not more than 14.0%
- Mo is an element that contributes greatly to the improvement of creep strength at a high temperature exceeding 700 ° C. by dissolving in the matrix. Further, Mo has a strong affinity with P, and by bonding, it reduces grain boundary embrittlement due to heat treatment after welding and P during high temperature use, and contributes to prevention of stress relaxation cracking. In order to ensure such effects sufficiently to achieve both stress relaxation crack resistance and creep strength during high temperature use, the Mo content exceeds 10.0% in relation to other elements constituting the present invention. is required. However, even if Mo is excessively contained, the effect is saturated, and on the contrary, toughness and creep strength are lowered. Furthermore, Mo is an expensive element, and a large amount of Mo exceeding 14.0% causes an increase in cost.
- the Mo content is more than 10.0% and not more than 14.0%.
- a desirable lower limit of the Mo content is 10.5%, and a desirable upper limit is 13.8%.
- a more desirable lower limit of the Mo content is 11.0%, and a more desirable upper limit is 13.5%.
- Ti 0.01 to 0.5% Ti combines with Ni and precipitates finely as an intermetallic compound, thereby contributing to the improvement of creep strength at high temperatures.
- a Ti content of 0.01% or more is necessary in relation to other elements constituting the present invention.
- the Ti content is set to 0.01 to 0.5%.
- a desirable lower limit of the Ti content is 0.1%, and a desirable upper limit is 0.4%.
- Al 0.1 to 1.0%
- Al like Ti, binds to Ni, precipitates finely as an intermetallic compound, and contributes to the improvement of creep strength at high temperatures.
- an Al content of 0.1% or more is necessary in relation to other elements constituting the present invention.
- the Al content is 0.1 to 1.0%.
- a desirable lower limit of the Al content is 0.2%, and a desirable upper limit is 0.9%.
- a more desirable lower limit of the Al content is 0.3%, and a more desirable upper limit is 0.8%.
- N 0.006% or less
- N is an element effective for stabilizing the austenite phase, but in the Cr content range of the present invention, if the N content becomes excessive and exceeds 0.006%. During use at a high temperature, a large amount of fine nitride precipitates in the grains, resulting in a decrease in creep ductility and toughness. Therefore, the N content is 0.006% or less.
- a desirable upper limit of the N content is 0.005%. Although the lower limit of the N content is not particularly set, an extreme decrease leads to an increase in manufacturing cost. For this reason, the desirable lower limit of the N content is 0.0005%.
- One of the welding materials for a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy of the present invention contains the elements C to N described above, the balance is made of Fe and impurities, and the contents of O, P and S as impurities are respectively It has a chemical composition limited to the stated range.
- O 0.02% or less O exists as an impurity, but when it is contained in a large amount, it degrades the workability of the welding material and the ductility of the weld metal. Therefore, the content of O needs to be 0.02% or less.
- the O content is preferably 0.015% or less.
- P 0.008% or less
- P is contained as an impurity, lowers the melting point of the final solidified portion during solidification of the weld metal, remarkably increases solidification cracking susceptibility, and causes intergranular embrittlement during high-temperature use, resulting in resistance to resistance. It is an element that causes a decrease in stress relaxation cracking property. Therefore, the P content needs to be 0.008% or less.
- the P content is preferably 0.006% or less.
- S 0.005% or less
- S is an element that is contained as an impurity, lowers the melting point of the final solidified portion during solidification of the weld metal, and increases the susceptibility to solidification cracking. Furthermore, it is an element that segregates and concentrates at the grain boundaries during high temperature use and significantly increases the stress relaxation cracking susceptibility. Therefore, the S content needs to be 0.005% or less. The S content is preferably 0.003% or less.
- Another one of the welding materials for Ni-base heat-resistant alloys of the present invention has a chemical composition containing 0.1% or less of Nd in place of a part of Fe in the remaining “Fe and impurities”. is there.
- Nd 0.1% or less Nd has a strong affinity with P and forms a compound, and also combines with S and O to form a compound, suppresses weakening of grain boundaries by P and S, and stress relaxation cracking resistance It is an element that contributes to improving the properties. For this reason, you may contain Nd as needed. However, if the content of Nd becomes excessive and exceeds 0.1%, the above effect is saturated, and a large amount of carbide precipitates in the grains, which increases the stress relaxation cracking sensitivity. Therefore, the amount of Nd in the case of inclusion is set to 0.1% or less. In the case of inclusion, the amount of Nd is preferably 0.08% or less.
- the amount of Nd when contained is preferably 0.005% or more, and more preferably 0.01% or more.
- the chemical composition of the welding material for the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy according to the present invention has been described in detail.
- This welding material has excellent hot cracking resistance during welding.
- the weld metal which has the high temperature cracking resistance in welding, the stress relaxation cracking resistance in use for a long time at high temperature, and favorable creep strength can be obtained.
- a welded joint made of a material can be obtained.
- Ni-base heat-resistant alloy excellent in high-temperature strength as a base material because the base material also has excellent ductility and creep strength in a high-temperature region of 700 ° C. or higher.
- the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy having excellent high-temperature strength used as the base material may be a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy having the same chemical composition as the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy welding material according to the present invention, or may be different.
- the base material when a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy having excellent high-temperature strength is used as a base material, the base material includes Mo: 7.0 to 10.0%, Ni: 40 to 50%, and Cr: 20 to 25%. The reason why it is preferable to contain the material will be described in detail.
- Mo 7.0 to 10.0%
- Mo is an element that contributes greatly to the improvement of creep strength at a high temperature exceeding 700 ° C. by dissolving in the matrix.
- the base material is homogenized by heat treatment, and the effect is more easily obtained. For this reason, it is preferable that a base material contains Mo, and the amount should just be 7.0% or more.
- Mo is an expensive element and causes an increase in cost. Therefore, when Mo is contained, the amount is desirably 10.0% or less.
- the more desirable lower limit of the Mo content in the base material is 7.5%, and the more desirable upper limit is 9.8%.
- a more desirable lower limit of the Mo content in the base material is 8.0%, and a more desirable upper limit is 9.5%.
- Ni 46-56%
- Ni is an element effective for obtaining an austenite structure, as well as in a weld metal, and is an element effective for ensuring sufficient structural strength during long-time use and obtaining sufficient creep strength.
- the base material preferably contains Ni, and the amount thereof is preferably 46% or more as in the weld metal.
- Ni is an expensive element and causes an increase in cost. Therefore, when Ni is contained, the amount is desirably 56% or less.
- the more desirable lower limit of the Ni content in the base material is 46.5%, and the more desirable upper limit is 55.5%.
- the more desirable lower limit of the Ni content in the base material is 47%, and the more desirable upper limit is 55%.
- Cr 20-25% Cr is an effective element for ensuring the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the base metal at high temperatures, as in the case of weld metal.
- the base material preferably contains Cr, and the amount thereof is preferably 20% or more.
- the Cr content is excessive, the stability of the structure at high temperatures is deteriorated and the creep strength is lowered. For this reason, when it contains Cr, it is desirable that the amount be 25% or less.
- a more desirable lower limit of the Cr content in the base material is 20.5%, and a more desirable upper limit is 24.5%.
- a more desirable lower limit of the Cr content in the base material is 21%, and a more desirable upper limit is 24%.
- the base material of the Ni-base heat-resistant alloy having excellent high-temperature strength contains the elements described below in addition to Mo, Ni and Cr in the above ranges, with the balance being Fe and impurities.
- C 0.04 to 0.12% C is an austenite-forming element, as in the weld metal, and is an element effective for enhancing the stability of the austenite structure when used at high temperatures. Unlike a weld metal that is used as it is, the base metal is homogenized by heat treatment, and its effect is more easily obtained, and no measures for preventing weld cracks are required. For this reason, it is preferable that the base material contains C, and the amount may be 0.04% or more. However, if the C content is excessive, coarse carbides are generated during use at high temperatures, which in turn leads to a decrease in creep strength. Therefore, when C is contained, the amount is desirably 0.12% or less. A more desirable lower limit of the C content in the base material is 0.05%, and a more desirable upper limit is 0.10%.
- Si 1.0% or less Si has a deoxidizing action.
- the base material does not require measures for preventing weld cracking as described above, the toughness is lowered when the Si content is excessive and exceeds 1.0%. Therefore, when the base material contains Si, the amount is desirably 1.0% or less.
- the Si content in the base material is more preferably 0.8% or less. However, excessive reduction of the Si content does not provide a sufficient deoxidation effect, lowers the cleanliness of the steel, and increases the manufacturing cost. Therefore, the lower limit of the Si content in the base material is not particularly set, but is desirably 0.01%. If at least 0.01% of Si is contained, a deoxidizing effect can be obtained. A more desirable lower limit of the Si content is 0.02%.
- Mn 1.5% or less Mn has a deoxidizing action like Si. However, when the Mn content is excessive, embrittlement is caused. For this reason, when the base material contains Mn, the amount is desirably 1.5% or less, and more preferably 1.2% or less.
- the lower limit of the Mn content in the base material is not particularly set, but is desirably 0.01%. If at least 0.01% of Mn is contained, a deoxidizing effect can be obtained. A more desirable lower limit of the Mn content is 0.02%.
- P 0.03% or less P is contained as an impurity, and when the content of P is excessive, the creep ductility is reduced. Unlike the case of a weld metal, the base material does not require measures for preventing weld cracking, and the extreme reduction of the P content causes a significant increase in steelmaking costs. For this reason, it is desirable that the P content in the base material be 0.03% or less, and more preferably 0.02% or less.
- the base material does not require measures for preventing weld cracking, and the extreme reduction of the S content causes a significant increase in steelmaking costs. For this reason, the S content in the base material is preferably 0.01% or less, and more preferably 0.008% or less.
- Co is an element that is effective for obtaining an austenite structure as in the case of a weld metal, and is an element that ensures the structure stability during long-time use and contributes to the improvement of creep strength. For this reason, it is preferable that the base material contains Co, and the amount may be 10% or more. However, Co is an extremely expensive element, and a large content of Co exceeding 15% causes an increase in cost. Therefore, when it contains Co, it is desirable that the amount be 0.15% or less. A more desirable lower limit of the Co content in the base material is 10.5%, and a more desirable upper limit is 14.5%.
- Ti 0.1 to 0.5%
- the base material preferably contains Ti, and the amount thereof is preferably 0.1% or more.
- the amount is desirably 0.5% or less.
- a more desirable lower limit of the Ti content in the base material is 0.15%, and a more desirable upper limit is 0.45%.
- N 0.01% or less N is an element effective for stabilizing the austenite phase, but when the content is large, a large amount of carbonitride precipitates during use, and ductility and toughness Incurs a decline.
- the content of N may be 0.01% or less in the base material.
- a more desirable upper limit of the N content in the base material is 0.008%.
- B 0.005% or less
- B is an element effective for improving the creep strength by segregating at grain boundaries during use at high temperatures to strengthen the grain boundaries and finely dispersing grain boundary carbides. is there. For this reason, it is preferable that the base material contains B. However, if the B content is excessive, the HAZ liquefaction cracking sensitivity is increased. Therefore, when B is contained, the amount is preferably 0.005% or less. A desirable lower limit of the B content in the base material is 0.0002%.
- Al 0.8 to 1.8%
- Al is an element that combines with Ni and precipitates finely as a fine intermetallic compound and contributes to the improvement of creep strength at high temperatures.
- the material may be actively used to increase the strength.
- the base material preferably contains Al, and the amount is preferably 0.8% or more.
- the amount is desirably 1.8% or less.
- a more desirable lower limit of the Al content in the base material is 0.9%, and a more desirable upper limit is 1.6%.
- Nd 0.005 to 0.1%
- Nd has a strong affinity for P, S, and O, and is effective in improving the manufacturability of the base material.
- Nd is an element effective in reducing the susceptibility to liquefaction cracking of HAZ.
- the base material preferably contains Nd, and the amount is preferably 0.005% or more.
- the amount is desirably 0.1% or less.
- a more desirable lower limit of the Nd content in the base material is 0.01%, and a more desirable upper limit is 0.08%.
- a plate material having a thickness of 12 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a length of 100 mm is welded from an ingot in which a material having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 is melted and cast in a laboratory by hot forging, hot rolling, heat treatment and machining. It was produced as a material.
- the outer diameter was 1.2 mm and the length was 1000 mm by hot forging, hot rolling and machining.
- a welding material welding wire
- the welded joints were welded for each symbol, and the remaining one was subjected to aging heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 500 hours before being subjected to the next test.
- Table 3 shows the results of the above tests.
- “ ⁇ ” in the “Creep rupture test result” column indicates that the welded joint has a “pass” in which the creep rupture time exceeds 1000 hours, which is the target rupture time of the base plate.
- “x” indicates that the creep rupture time did not reach 1000 hours.
- the “ ⁇ ” of welding material code 6 indicates that the creep rupture test was not performed because cracks were observed in the weld metal of the sample taken from the welded joint as welded.
- welded joints welded using the welding materials of reference numerals 4 and 6 whose chemical composition deviates from the range specified in the present invention are stress relaxation cracks during aging heat treatment and hot cracks during welding. Either occurrence was observed.
- regulated by this invention had low creep strength.
- a welded joint welded with a welding material having a low C content of 0.03% and outside the range specified in the present invention can produce (Cr, M) 23 C 6 sufficient for the final solidified part. As a result, solidification cracking occurred.
- the welded joint welded with the welding material of reference numeral 5 whose Mo content is outside the range defined in the present invention did not generate cracks but did not reach 1000 hours and did not satisfy the creep strength. .
- a welding material for a Ni-base heat resistant alloy having excellent hot cracking resistance during welding, and using it, hot cracking resistance during welding and use at high temperatures for a long time. It is possible to provide a weld metal having moderate stress relaxation cracking resistance and good creep strength. Furthermore, using this welding material, a high temperature cracking resistance during welding, a stress relaxation cracking resistance during long-time use at high temperatures, and a base of a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy excellent in high-temperature strength and a weld metal having good creep strength. A welded joint made of a material can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
Cは、オーステナイト生成元素であり、高温使用時のオーステナイト組織の安定性を高めるのに有効な元素である。さらにCは、本発明において、溶接時の高温割れ防止のために重要な元素である。すなわち、Cは、凝固過程で主にCrと結合して、共晶炭化物を生成させ、液相の消失を早めるとともに、最終凝固部の組織を(Cr、M)23C6とオーステナイトとのラメラ状組織とする。その結果、液相の残存形態が面状から点状に変化するとともに、特定面への応力集中が抑制されるので、凝固割れを防止することができる。さらにCは、不純物の偏析サイトとなる最終凝固界面積を増大させることから、溶接中の延性低下割れの防止および高温使用中の応力緩和割れの感受性低減にも寄与する。後述する本発明のCr含有量の範囲で、上記の効果を十分得るためには、Cを0.06%以上含有する必要がある。しかしながら、Cを過剰に含有する場合には、凝固中に炭化物とならない過剰なCが高温使用中に炭化物として微細析出し、かえって応力緩和割れ感受性を増大させる。そのため、Cの含有量は0.06~0.18%とする。C含有量の望ましい下限は0.07%であり、望ましい上限は0.15%である。
Siは、脱酸剤として含有されるが、溶接金属の凝固時に柱状晶粒界に偏析し、液相の融点を下げ、凝固割れ感受性を増大させる。そのため、Siの含有量は0.5%以下とする必要がある。Siの含有量は、0.3%以下とするのが好ましい。しかしながら、Si含有量の過度の低減は、脱酸効果が十分に得られず、鋼の清浄性が低下するとともに、製造コストの増大を招く。そのため、Si含有量の下限は特に設けないが、望ましくは0.01%である。少なくともSiを0.01%含んでおれば、脱酸効果を得ることができる。さらに望ましいSi含有量の下限は、0.02%である。
Mnは、Siと同様、脱酸剤として含有される。しかしながら、Mnを過剰に含有する場合には脆化を招くため、Mnの含有量は1.5%以下とする必要がある。Mnの含有量は1.2%以下とするのが好ましい。Mn含有量の下限は特に設けないが、望ましくは0.01%である。少なくともMnを0.01%含んでおれば、上記の効果を得ることができる。さらに望ましいMn含有量の下限は、0.02%である。
Niは、オーステナイト組織を得るために有効な元素であるとともに、長時間使用時の組織安定性を確保し、十分なクリープ強度を得るために必須の元素である。その効果を得るためには、46%以上のNi含有量が必要である。しかしながら、Niは高価な元素であり、56%を超えるNiの多量の含有はコストの増大を招く。そのため、Niの含有量は46~56%とする。Ni含有量の望ましい下限は46.5%であり、望ましい上限は55.5%である。Ni含有量のさらに望ましい下限は47%であり、さらに望ましい上限は55%である。
Coは、Niと同様、オーステナイト組織を得るために有効な元素であり、相安定性を高めてクリープ強度に寄与する。その効果を十分に得るためには、10%以上のCo含有量が必要である。しかしながら、Coは極めて高価な元素であり、15%を超えるCoの多量の含有はコストの増大を招く。そのため、Coの含有量は10~15%とする。Co含有量の望ましい下限は10.5%であり、望ましい上限は14.5%である。
Crは、高温での耐酸化性および耐食性の確保のために必須の元素である。Crは、凝固過程でCと結合して、共晶炭化物を生成させ、溶接中の凝固割れおよび延性低下割れを防止するとともに、高温使用中の応力緩和割れ感受性を低減する作用も有する。これらの効果を得るためには、Crを20%以上含有させる必要がある。しかし、Crの含有量が過剰になって25%を超えると、高温での組織の安定性が劣化して、クリープ強度の低下を招く。このため、Crの含有量は20~25%とする。Cr含有量の望ましい下限は20.5%であり、望ましい上限は24.5%である。Cr含有量のさらに望ましい下限は21%であり、さらに望ましい上限は24%である。
Moは、マトリックスに固溶して700℃を超える高温でのクリープ強度の向上に大きく寄与する元素である。また、Moは、Pとの親和力が強く、結合することで、溶接後熱処理および高温使用中のPによる粒界脆化を軽減し、応力緩和割れの防止に寄与する。こうした効果を十分に確保して、高温使用中の耐応力緩和割れ性とクリープ強度を両立させるためには、本発明を構成する他の元素との関係で、10.0%を超えるMo含有量が必要である。しかし、Moを過剰に含有させてもその効果は飽和し、かえって靱性およびクリープ強度を低下させる。さらに、Moは高価な元素であり、14.0%を超えるMoの多量の含有はコストの増大を招く。さらに、14.0%を超えるMoの多量の含有は凝固割れ感受性を高めることにもなる。そのため、Moの含有量は10.0%を超えて14.0%以下とする。Mo含有量の望ましい下限は10.5%であり、望ましい上限は13.8%である。Mo含有量のさらに望ましい下限は11.0%であり、さらに望ましい上限は13.5%である。
Tiは、Niと結合し、金属間化合物として微細に粒内析出し、高温でのクリープ強度の向上に寄与する。その効果を得るためには、本発明を構成する他の元素との関係で、0.01%以上のTi含有量が必要である。しかしながら、Tiの含有量が過剰になって0.5%を超えると、金属間化合物の過剰な析出を招き、粒内の変形抵抗が著しく高くなるので、高温使用中の応力緩和割れ感受性が増大する。そのため、Tiの含有量は0.01~0.5%とする。Ti含有量の望ましい下限は0.1%であり、望ましい上限は0.4%である。
Alは、Tiと同様、Niと結合し、金属間化合物として微細に粒内析出し、高温でのクリープ強度の向上に寄与する。その効果を得るためには、本発明を構成する他の元素との関係で、0.1%以上のAl含有量が必要である。しかしながら、Alの含有量が過剰になって1.0%を超えると、金属間化合物の過剰な析出を招き、粒内の変形抵抗が著しく高くなるので、高温使用中の応力緩和割れ感受性が増大する。そのため、Alの含有量は0.1~1.0%とする。Al含有量の望ましい下限は0.2%であり、望ましい上限は0.9%である。Al含有量のさらに望ましい下限は0.3%であり、さらに望ましい上限は0.8%である。
Nは、オーステナイト相を安定にするのに有効な元素であるが、本発明のCr含有量範囲では、Nの含有量が過剰になって0.006%を超えると、高温での使用中に多量の微細窒化物を粒内に析出させ、クリープ延性および靱性の低下を招く。そのため、Nの含有量は0.006%以下とする。N含有量の望ましい上限は0.005%である。N含有量の下限は特に設けないが、極端な低下は、製造コストの上昇を招く。このため、N含有量の望ましい下限は0.0005%である。
Oは、不純物として存在するが、多量に含まれる場合には、溶接材料の加工性および溶接金属の延性を低下させる。そのため、Oの含有量は0.02%以下とする必要がある。Oの含有量は0.015%以下とするのが望ましい。
Pは、不純物として含まれ、溶接金属の凝固時に最終凝固部の融点を低下させ、凝固割れ感受性を著しく増大させるとともに、高温使用中に粒界脆化を引き起こして耐応力緩和割れ性の低下を招く元素である。そのため、Pの含有量は0.008%以下とする必要がある。Pの含有量は0.006%以下とするのが望ましい。
Sは、Pと同様、不純物として含まれ、溶接金属の凝固時に最終凝固部の融点を低下させ、凝固割れ感受性を増大させる元素である。さらには、高温使用中に結晶粒界に偏析・濃化し、応力緩和割れ感受性を著しく高める元素である。そのため、Sの含有量は0.005%以下とする必要がある。Sの含有量は0.003%以下とするのが望ましい。
Ndは、Pとの親和力が強く、化合物を形成するとともに、SおよびOとも結合して化合物を形成し、PおよびSによる粒界弱化を抑制し、耐応力緩和割れ性の向上に寄与する元素である。このため、必要に応じてNdを含有させてもよい。しかしながら、Ndの含有量が過剰になって0.1%を超えると、上記の効果が飽和することに加え、炭化物として多量に粒内に析出し、かえって応力緩和割れ感受性を高める。そのため、含有させる場合のNdの量を0.1%以下とした。含有させる場合のNdの量は、0.08%以下とすることが望ましい。
Moは、溶接金属におけると同様に、マトリックスに固溶して700℃を超える高温でのクリープ強度の向上に大きく寄与する元素である。母材は凝固ままで使用される溶接金属とは異なり、熱処理によって均質化が図られ、その効果がより得られやすい。このため、母材は、Moを含有することが好ましく、その量は7.0%以上であればよい。しかし、Moは高価な元素であり、コストの増大を招くため、Moを含有する場合のその量は10.0%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるMo含有量のさらに望ましい下限は7.5%であり、さらに望ましい上限は9.8%である。母材におけるMo含有量の一層望ましい下限は8.0%であり、一層望ましい上限は9.5%である。
Niは、溶接金属におけると同様に、オーステナイト組織を得るために有効な元素であるとともに、長時間使用時の組織安定性を確保し、十分なクリープ強度を得るために有効な元素である。その効果を得るために、母材は、Niを含有することが好ましく、その量は、溶接金属におけると同様、46%以上とすることが好ましい。一方、Niは高価な元素であり、コストの増大を招くため、Niを含有する場合のその量は56%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるNi含有量のさらに望ましい下限は46.5%であり、さらに望ましい上限は55.5%である。母材におけるNi含有量の一層望ましい下限は47%であり、一層望ましい上限は55%である。
Crは、溶接金属におけると同様に、母材の高温での耐酸化性および耐食性の確保のために有効な元素である。溶接金属と同等の効果を得るために、母材は、Crを含有することが好ましく、その量は、20%以上とすることが好ましい。しかし、Crの含有量が過剰になると高温での組織の安定性を劣化して、クリープ強度の低下を招く。このため、Crを含有する場合、その量は25%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるCr含有量のさらに望ましい下限は20.5%であり、さらに望ましい上限は24.5%である。母材におけるCr含有量の一層望ましい下限は21%であり、一層望ましい上限は24%である。
Cは、溶接金属におけると同様に、オーステナイト生成元素であり、高温使用時のオーステナイト組織の安定性を高めるのに有効な元素である。母材は凝固ままで使用される溶接金属とは異なり、熱処理によって均質化が図られ、その効果がより得られやすく、また、溶接割れ防止に対する対策を必要としない。このため、母材は、Cを含有することが好ましく、その量は0.04%以上であればよい。しかしながら、Cの含有量が過剰になると高温での使用中に粗大な炭化物を生成し、かえってクリープ強度の低下を招く。したがって、Cを含有する場合、その量は0.12%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるC含有量のさらに望ましい下限は0.05%であり、さらに望ましい上限は0.10%である。
Siは、脱酸作用を有する。母材では上述のように溶接割れ防止に対する対策が必要ないものの、Siの含有量が過剰になって1.0%を超えると靱性を低下させる。したがって、母材がSiを含有する場合、その量は1.0%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるSiの含有量は、0.8%以下とするのがさらに好ましい。しかしながら、Si含有量の過度の低減は、脱酸効果が十分に得られず、鋼の清浄性が低下するとともに、製造コストの増大を招く。そのため、母材におけるSi含有量の下限は特に設けないが、望ましくは0.01%である。少なくともSiを0.01%含んでおれば、脱酸効果を得ることができる。さらに望ましいSi含有量の下限は、0.02%である。
Mnは、Siと同様、脱酸作用を有する。しかしながら、Mnの含有量が過剰になると脆化を招く。このため、母材がMnを含有する場合、その量は1.5%以下とすることが望ましく、1.2%以下とするのがさらに好ましい。母材におけるMn含有量の下限は特に設けないが、望ましくは0.01%である。少なくともMnを0.01%含んでおれば、脱酸効果を得ることができる。さらに望ましいMn含有量の下限は、0.02%である。
Pは、不純物として含まれ、Pの含有量が過剰になるとクリープ延性の低下を招く。母材は、溶接金属の場合とは異なり、溶接割れ防止に対する対策を必要としないし、P含有量の極度の低減は製鋼コストの著しい増大を招く。このため、母材におけるP含有量は0.03%以下とすることが望ましく、0.02%以下とするのがさらに好ましい。
Sは、Pと同様、不純物として含まれ、Sの含有量が過剰になるとクリープ延性の低下を招く。母材は、溶接金属の場合とは異なり、溶接割れ防止に対する対策を必要としないし、S含有量の極度の低減は製鋼コストの著しい増大を招く。このため、母材におけるS含有量は0.01%以下とすることが望ましく、0.008%以下とするのがさらに好ましい。
Coは、溶接金属の場合と同様、オーステナイト組織を得るために有効な元素であるとともに、長時間使用時の組織安定性を確保し、クリープ強度の向上に寄与する元素である。このため、母材は、Coを含有することが好ましく、その量は10%以上であればよい。しかしながら、Coは極めて高価な元素であり、15%を超えるCoの多量の含有はコストの増大を招く。したがって、Coを含有する場合、その量は0.15%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるCo含有量のさらに望ましい下限は10.5%であり、さらに望ましい上限は14.5%である。
Tiは、微細な金属間化合物および炭窒化物として粒内に析出し、高温でのクリープ強度の向上に寄与する元素であり、高温使用中の応力緩和割れ感受性が溶接金属に比べて低い母材では高強度化のために積極的に活用してもよい。このため、母材は、Tiを含有することが好ましく、その量は、0.1%以上とすることが好ましい。しかしながら、Tiの含有量が過剰になると多量に炭窒化物を生成し、靱性の低下を招く。そのため、Tiを含有する場合、その量は0.5%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるTi含有量のさらに望ましい下限は0.15%であり、さらに望ましい上限は0.45%である。
Nは、オーステナイト相を安定にするのに有効な元素である反面、その含有量が多量になると、使用中に炭窒化物が多量に析出して、延性および靱性の低下を招く。しかし、溶接ままで使用する溶接金属に比べて母材は細粒であり影響度合いは小さいため、母材では、Nの含有量を0.01%以下とすればよい。母材におけるN含有量のさらに望ましい上限は0.008%である。
Bは、高温での使用中に粒界に偏析して粒界を強化するとともに、粒界炭化物を微細分散させることによって、クリープ強度を向上させるのに有効な元素である。このため、母材は、Bを含有することが好ましい。しかしながら、Bの含有量が過剰になるとHAZの液化割れ感受性を高める。そのため、Bを含有する場合、その量は0.005%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるB含有量の望ましい下限は0.0002%である。
Alは、Niと結合し微細な金属間化合物として微細に粒内析出し、高温でのクリープ強度の向上に寄与する元素であり、高温使用中の応力緩和割れ感受性が溶接金属に比べて低い母材では高強度化のために積極的に活用してもよい。このため、母材は、Alを含有することが好ましく、その量は、0.8%以上とすることが好ましい。しかしながら、Alの含有量が過剰になると、金属間化合物が過剰に析出して、靱性の低下を招く。そのため、Alを含有する場合、その量は1.8%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるAl含有量のさらに望ましい下限は0.9%であり、さらに望ましい上限は1.6%である。
Ndは、P、SおよびOと親和力が強く、母材の製造性を改善するのに有効であることに加え、HAZの液化割れ感受性を低減するのに有効な元素である。このため、母材は、Ndを含有することが好ましく、その量は、0.005%以上とすることが好ましい。しかしながら、Ndの含有量が過剰になると、上記の効果が飽和することに加え、炭化物として多量に粒内に析出し、靱性を低下させる。そのため、Ndを含有する場合、その量は0.1%以下とすることが望ましい。母材におけるNd含有量のさらに望ましい下限は0.01%であり、さらに望ましい上限は0.08%である。
Claims (6)
- 質量%で、C:0.06~0.18%、Si:0.5%以下、Mn:1.5%以下、Ni:46~56%、Co:10~15%、Cr:20~25%、Mo:10.0%を超えて14.0%以下、Ti:0.01~0.5%、Al:0.1~1.0%およびN:0.006%以下を含み、残部がFeおよび不純物からなり、不純物としてのO、PおよびSがそれぞれ、O:0.02%以下、P:0.008%以下およびS:0.005以下の化学組成を有することを特徴とする、Ni基耐熱合金用溶接材料。
- Feの一部に代えて、質量%で、Nd:0.1%以下を含む化学組成を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のNi基耐熱合金用溶接材料。
- 請求項1または2に記載のNi基耐熱合金用溶接材料を用いてなる溶接金属。
- 請求項3に記載の溶接金属と高温強度に優れたNi基耐熱合金の母材とからなることを特徴とする、溶接継手。
- 高温強度に優れたNi基耐熱合金の母材が、質量%で、Mo:7.0~10.0%、Ni:46~56%およびCr:20~25%を含有することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の溶接継手。
- 高温強度に優れたNi基耐熱合金の母材が、質量%で、C:0.04~0.12%、Si:1.0%以下、Mn:1.5%以下、P:0.03%以下、S:0.01%以下、Ni:46~56%、Co:10~15%、Cr:20~25%、Mo:7.0~10.0%、Ti:0.1~0.5%、N:0.01%以下、B:0.005%以下、Al:0.8~1.8%およびNd:0.005~0.1%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の溶接継手。
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| CN201180029556.8A CN102947048B (zh) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-06-08 | Ni基耐热合金用焊接材料以及使用该焊接材料而成的焊接金属和焊接接头 |
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| JP2010134673A JP4835771B1 (ja) | 2010-06-14 | 2010-06-14 | Ni基耐熱合金用溶接材料ならびにそれを用いてなる溶接金属および溶接継手 |
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| WO2011158706A1 true WO2011158706A1 (ja) | 2011-12-22 |
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| PCT/JP2011/063097 Ceased WO2011158706A1 (ja) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-06-08 | Ni基耐熱合金用溶接材料ならびにそれを用いてなる溶接金属および溶接継手 |
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| JP (1) | JP4835771B1 (ja) |
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| WO2013101561A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Scoperta, Inc. | Coating compositions |
| CN103358050A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Ni基合金焊接材料以及使用该材料的焊丝、焊条及焊接用粉末 |
| US8973806B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2015-03-10 | Scoperta, Inc. | Fine grained Ni-based alloys for resistance to stress corrosion cracking and methods for their design |
| US9738959B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2017-08-22 | Scoperta, Inc. | Non-magnetic metal alloy compositions and applications |
| EP3100818A4 (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2017-10-11 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Welding material for ni-based heat-resistant alloy, and welded metal and welded joint each using same |
| US9802387B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2017-10-31 | Scoperta, Inc. | Corrosion resistant hardfacing alloy |
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| US10345252B2 (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2019-07-09 | Scoperta, Inc. | Methods of selecting material compositions and designing materials having a target property |
| US10465267B2 (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2019-11-05 | Scoperta, Inc. | Hardfacing alloys resistant to hot tearing and cracking |
| US10465269B2 (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2019-11-05 | Scoperta, Inc. | Impact resistant hardfacing and alloys and methods for making the same |
| US10851444B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2020-12-01 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Non-magnetic, strong carbide forming alloys for powder manufacture |
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| JP4506958B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-02 | 2010-07-21 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 溶接継手およびその溶接材料 |
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| JP4946242B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-27 | 2012-06-06 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼溶接継手及びオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼溶接材料 |
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- 2011-06-08 CN CN201180029556.8A patent/CN102947048B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-06-08 WO PCT/JP2011/063097 patent/WO2011158706A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| JPH09108888A (ja) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-04-28 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 粉体肉盛溶接用材料 |
| JP2002235136A (ja) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-08-23 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Ni基耐熱合金とその溶接継手 |
| JP2009195980A (ja) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-09-03 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 溶接材料および溶接継手構造体 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8973806B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2015-03-10 | Scoperta, Inc. | Fine grained Ni-based alloys for resistance to stress corrosion cracking and methods for their design |
| US20140248509A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-09-04 | Scoperta, Inc. | Coating compositions |
| CN104039483A (zh) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-09-10 | 思高博塔公司 | 涂层组合物 |
| WO2013101561A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Scoperta, Inc. | Coating compositions |
| US10100388B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2018-10-16 | Scoperta, Inc. | Coating compositions |
| US11085102B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2021-08-10 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Coating compositions |
| CN103358050A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Ni基合金焊接材料以及使用该材料的焊丝、焊条及焊接用粉末 |
| US9738959B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2017-08-22 | Scoperta, Inc. | Non-magnetic metal alloy compositions and applications |
| US10345252B2 (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2019-07-09 | Scoperta, Inc. | Methods of selecting material compositions and designing materials having a target property |
| US11175250B2 (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2021-11-16 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Methods of selecting material compositions and designing materials having a target property |
| US10495590B2 (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2019-12-03 | Scoperta, Inc. | Methods of selecting material compositions and designing materials having a target property |
| US9802387B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2017-10-31 | Scoperta, Inc. | Corrosion resistant hardfacing alloy |
| EP3100818A4 (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2017-10-11 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Welding material for ni-based heat-resistant alloy, and welded metal and welded joint each using same |
| US10173290B2 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2019-01-08 | Scoperta, Inc. | Crack resistant hardfacing alloys |
| US11111912B2 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2021-09-07 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Crack resistant hardfacing alloys |
| US11130205B2 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2021-09-28 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Crack resistant hardfacing alloys |
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| US10465269B2 (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2019-11-05 | Scoperta, Inc. | Impact resistant hardfacing and alloys and methods for making the same |
| US10329647B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2019-06-25 | Scoperta, Inc. | Tough and wear resistant ferrous alloys containing multiple hardphases |
| US11253957B2 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2022-02-22 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Chromium free and low-chromium wear resistant alloys |
| US10105796B2 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2018-10-23 | Scoperta, Inc. | Chromium free and low-chromium wear resistant alloys |
| US10851444B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2020-12-01 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Non-magnetic, strong carbide forming alloys for powder manufacture |
| US10954588B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2021-03-23 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Oxidation controlled twin wire arc spray materials |
| US11279996B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2022-03-22 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Fully readable thermal spray coating |
| US12378647B2 (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2025-08-05 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Reduced carbides ferrous alloys |
| US11939646B2 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2024-03-26 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Corrosion and wear resistant nickel based alloys |
| US12227853B2 (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2025-02-18 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Thermal spray iron-based alloys for coating engine cylinder bores |
| US12076788B2 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2024-09-03 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Powder feedstock for wear resistant bulk welding configured to optimize manufacturability |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2012000616A (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
| CN102947048B (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
| JP4835771B1 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
| CN102947048A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
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