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WO2011142867A2 - Plaque de blindage - Google Patents

Plaque de blindage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011142867A2
WO2011142867A2 PCT/US2011/024579 US2011024579W WO2011142867A2 WO 2011142867 A2 WO2011142867 A2 WO 2011142867A2 US 2011024579 W US2011024579 W US 2011024579W WO 2011142867 A2 WO2011142867 A2 WO 2011142867A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
armor plate
fracture
transparent
deformable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/024579
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011142867A3 (fr
Inventor
Yan R. Kucherov
Graham K. Hubler
Raymond M. Gamache
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nova Research Inc
US Naval Research Laboratory NRL
Original Assignee
Nova Research Inc
US Naval Research Laboratory NRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nova Research Inc, US Naval Research Laboratory NRL filed Critical Nova Research Inc
Publication of WO2011142867A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011142867A2/fr
Publication of WO2011142867A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011142867A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to armor plates and articles of manufacture incorporating the armor plates.
  • Armor is a material or system of materials designed to protect from ballistic threats.
  • Transparent armor in addition to providing protection from the ballistic threat is also designed to be optically transparent, which allows a person to see through the armor and/or to allow light to illuminate the area behind the armor.
  • existing armor systems are typically comprised of many layers of projectile resistant material separated by polymer interlayers, which bond the projectile resistant materials.
  • the strike surface is a hard layer of projectile resistant material that is designed to break up or deform projectiles upon impact.
  • the interlayer materials are used to mitigate the stresses from thermal expansion mismatches as well as to stop crack propagation into the polymers.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic of an armor plate according to one embodiment of the invention and a projectile about to strike the surface of the transparent armor plate;
  • Figure 2 illustrates the schematic of Figure 1 showing the projectile after impact
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the fracture energy of the soda glass as a function of crack propagation velocity
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the surface area of 1 cm 3 material volume as a function of particle size
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing fracture energy absorbed by 1 cm 3 of glass fracture as a function of particle size at 11 km/s impact;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic of an armor plate with adjacent layers of material joined using an adhesive
  • Figure 7 illustrates an armored vehicle according to one embodiment of the invention incorporating the armor plate of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 8 illustrates a helmet according to an alternative embodiment of the invention incorporating the armor plate illustrated in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 9 illustrates a pair of goggles incorporating the armor plate illustrated in Figure 1;
  • Figure 10 shows a panel including a plurality of segments of the armor plate of Figure 1;
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing test results of armor plate manufactured according to the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a composite armor plate and articles of manufacture incorporating the armor plate.
  • the composite armor plate typically uses at least four layers of material that are configured to create a compression wave from the impact of a projectile and absorb the compression wave by fracturing one of the layers.
  • the four-layer system of the invention can be made comparatively lighter, stronger, and/or thinner than armor materials using conventional laminates.
  • the armor plate can be transparent. Transparent armor plates can be incorporated into windows, helmets, goggles, and similar devices where transparency and/or translucency are desired.
  • the armor plate can include one or more layers that are opaque.
  • the four-layer system of the present invention can achieve a lighter, thinner armor by placing a deformable layer on the front side of a ballistic -resistant ceramic layer.
  • the ceramic layer is in turn backed by a fracture layer and a spall liner.
  • the deformable layer creates a compression wave that spreads out through the ceramic layer and is absorbed by the fracture layer.
  • the spall liner backing the fracture layer catches the fracture layer as it disintegrates from the impact.
  • the use of a deformable layer in front of the strong ceramic layer allows an intensive compression wave with a large surface area to be generated.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example armor plate 100 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the armor plate 100 includes a transparent deformable layer 110, a transparent ceramic layer 112, a fracture layer 114, and a spall liner 116.
  • Armor plate 100 has a strike surface 117 upon which a bullet 118 or any other type of projectile impinges. Armor plate 100 also includes a back surface 119 opposite the strike surface 117. Strike surface 117 is configured to receive the initial impact of bullet 118 and back surface 119 is configured to be the surface closest to the object for which the armor plate provides protection. For example, where armor plate 100 is used as a window in an armored vehicle, strike surface 117 is positioned outside the vehicle and back surface 119 communicates with the interior of the vehicle.
  • the deformable layer 110 has a first side 120 configured to be strike surface 117 upon which bullet 118 impinges. Deformable layer 110 is configured to generate a compression wave from the impact of bullet 118.
  • the deformable layer 110 comprises a material having an elongation before failure of at least 20%. Materials having an elongation before failure of at least 20% typically generate an intense compression wave upon ballistic impact.
  • the deformable layer may include a material having an elongation before failure of at least about 50%, even more preferably about 100% or more.
  • suitable transparent materials that can be used for the deformable layer 110 include, but are not limited to, polycarbonate, polyurethanes, elastic acrylic polymers, and combinations of these.
  • nontransparent deformable materials that can be used include aluminum, titanium, and combinations of these.
  • Deformable layer 110 also has a backside 122 that opposes first side 120.
  • Backside 122 is adjacent ceramic layer 112.
  • backside 122 may be adhered to or otherwise bonded directly to ceramic layer 112 or alternatively backside 122 may be held in direct contact with ceramic layer 112 without being bonded thereto.
  • deformable layer 110 and ceramic layer 112 can be adhered using a resin such as, but not limited to, poly(vinylbutiral) or secured together by fixing the layers within a frame and/or clamping.
  • the thickness of deformable layer 110 may be selected to enhance the generation of the compression wave.
  • the deformable layer 110 has a thickness in a range from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, more preferably about 1 mm to about 4 mm.
  • Opposing faces 120 and 122 can be disposed in parallel alignment so that the thickness is constant where the faces can be angled relative to each other so that the thickness varies one or both of faces 120 and 122.
  • Faces 120 and 122 can also be contoured, such as curved, so that they are not planar.
  • deformable layer 110 is a single layer of a homogeneous material.
  • the deformable layer 110 may be made from a plurality of sub-layers that together are highly deformable (e.g., the sublayers together have an elongation before failure of at least about 20%).
  • Ceramic layer 112 is positioned adjacent to and between deformable layer 110 and fracture layer 114. Ceramic layer 112 has a front side surface 124 and an opposing backside surface 128. Backside surface 128 is adjacent fracture layer 114. Ceramic layer 112 can be adhered to or otherwise bonded to deformable layer 110 and/or fracture layer 114 similarly to the connection between ceramic layer 112 and deformable layer 110.
  • Ceramic layer 112 is made from a strong, ballistic-resistant material having a high sound velocity.
  • the ceramic material will typically have a sound velocity in a range from about 2-50 km/s, more specifically 4-30 km/s, or even more specifically 8-20 km/s.
  • Ceramic layer 112 may also be transparent. Examples of suitable transparent material include sapphire, aluminum oxinitride (AION), spinel, A1N, alumina, and combinations of these.
  • Nontransparent materials can also be used. Examples of nontransparent materials include, but are not limited to, silicon carbide, boronitride, boron carbide, diamond, and combinations of these. These materials and similar materials with a high sound velocity are advantageous for allowing the compression wave generated in the deformable layer 110 to spread out as it travels through ceramic layer 112 and for providing toughness in a thin layer.
  • the thickness 132 of ceramic layer 112 is typically selected to provide maximum strength while minimizing weight. Ceramics such as sapphire, aluminum oxynitride (AION), and spinels typically need to have a minimal thickness before they will outperform plastic materials (e.g. , about 0.25 mm). After this minimal thickness ceramics tend to provide better protection than plastics, but with increased weight, as the density of transparent ceramics are 2 to 3 times higher than the density of plastics. Thus, even where cost is not an issue, practical weight restrictions in some cases will limit the thickness of ceramic layers.
  • AION aluminum oxynitride
  • the thickness may be less than 10 mm, more preferably less than about 6 mm, even more preferably less than about 4 mm, and most preferably less than about 2 mm.
  • thickness 132 can be in a range from about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, more preferably about 0.8 mm to about 4 mm, and most preferably from about 1 mm to about 2 mm.
  • ceramic layer 112 may be a continuous and/or homogeneous layer of the ceramic material.
  • ceramic layer 112 may include a plurality of sub-layers of the ceramic material. The sub-layers may be the same or different ceramic materials and may be bonded or adhered together as previously discussed with respect to the connection between deformable layer 110 and ceramic layer 112.
  • Fracture layer 114 is adjacent to and between ceramic layer 112 and spall liner 116. Fracture layer 114 has a front side 130 and an opposing backside 134. Backside 134 may be adhered to or bonded to a front surface 136 of spall liner 116 any manner similar to the connection between deformable layer 110 and ceramic layer 112 as discussed above.
  • Fracture layer 114 is configured to receive a compression wave that has traveled through ceramic layer 112. Fracture layer 114 is configured to at least partially disintegrate upon receiving the compression wave. Fracture layer 114 is selected to have a low fracture toughness and high surface energy, which will maximize fracture absorption energy, typically at the expense of impact resistance. Typically, a lower fracture threshold will give better energy absorption and less momentum transfer to the armor plate supporting structure.
  • fracture layer 114 can be made from a brittle transparent material. Examples of suitable materials include glass, soda glass, transparent silicates, and combinations of these. Examples of nontransparent materials include nontransparent silicates. Within a given glass type, absorbed fracture energy can be manipulated by tempering the glass.
  • Fracture layer 114 is selected to have a lower impact resistance than ceramic layer 112. However, fracture layer 114 is configured to absorb substantial amounts of energy through fracturing. If desired, fracture layer 114 can even be configured to absorb more energy than ceramic layer 112. To achieve high energy absorption by fracture layer 114, armor plate 100 is configured to cause a relatively large volume of fracture layer 114 to fracture into fine particles.
  • FIG. 3 shows fracture energy as a function of crack propagation velocity for soda glass (extrapolated from J.O. Atwater. "Fracture energy of glass" DTIC report #640848, 1966). With an intense shock wave, crack propagation velocity is pinned to the speed of sound in the brittle material of fracture layer 114. In the case where ceramic layer 112 is made of sapphire, the speed of sound is 11.2 kmfs and at the sapphire-glass interface crack propagation velocity will be the same. This corresponds to 30 J/m 2 surface energy for a soda-lime glass, or almost fifteen times more than for a slow impact event.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing surface area as a function of the particle size.
  • Figure 5 shows the energy absorbed by 1 cm 3 of glass fractured at 11 km/s impact. To illustrate the potential energy absorption of fractured glass, the energy of an AK-47 bullet is plotted on the graph of Figure 5. As shown in Figure 5, 1 cm 3 of glass is, in principle, capable of absorbing all the energy from a rifle bullet if the fractured grain size is smaller than about lxlO "7 .
  • the armor plate 100 of the present invention provides for substantial energy absorption in fracture layer 114 by generating a compression wave in deformable layer 110 and spreading the compression wave in ceramic layer 112.
  • the thickness of fracture layer 114 can be selected to provide adequate volume for absorbing a compression wave generated in deformable layer 110.
  • the thickness 138 of fracture layer 114 can be in a range from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, more specifically about 1 mm to about 5 mm.
  • Fracture layer 114 is backed by spall liner 116 to stop (i.e. catch) the fractured glass particles.
  • Spall liner 116 has a front surface 136 that is adjacent fracture layer 114.
  • a back surface 140 of spall liner 116 is configured to be the back surface 119 of armor plate 110.
  • Spall liner 116 is made from a material capable of capturing the fine particles generated from fracture layer 114. In one embodiment spall liner 116 may have relatively high elasticity such that spall liner 116 can expand to absorb the momentum of the fractured particles without rupturing. Examples of suitable materials that can be used to make spall liner 116 include polymers such as polycarbonate; woven ballistic fibers including para- aramids (e.g., Kevlar), ultra-high strength polyethylene fiber (e.g.
  • spall liner 116 can be made from a transparent material such as polycarbonate or Dynema. Alternatively, spall liner 116 can be nontransparent.
  • the thickness of spall liner 116 is selected to ensure sufficient strength to withstand the residual momentum of the fractured particles from fracture layer 114.
  • the thickness of spall liner 116 may be in a range from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, more specifically between about 1 mm and 4 mm.
  • Figure 2 illustrates how armor plate 100 dissipates momentum from bullet 118.
  • Figure 2 shows bullet 118 penetrating front surface 117 of armor plate 100.
  • a ballistic impact deformable layer 110 deforms, creating the equivalent of local compression.
  • the compression wave then spreads out at a velocity close to the speed of sound in ceramic layer 112.
  • bullet 118 moves through ceramic layer 112 it generates a lattice wave by moving dislocations, thereby transforming an additional portion of the projectile energy into acoustic waves.
  • the intensity ratio of the compression wave to the lattice waves generated by moving dislocations depends on the thickness of the deformable layer 110 and ceramic layer 112 relative to the projectile diameter and the properties of the materials used for deformable layer 110 and ceramic layer 112.
  • the approach taken in making existing body armor typically relies on the theory that moving dislocations can last for a relatively long time, thereby spreading total wave generation over time and making the impact less intense. In reality this scenario is difficult to achieve, as deformation needed to absorb significant energy typically is outside of acceptable armor plate thickness for most applications.
  • Hard ceramic plates efficiently convert impact energy into the compression wave. This compression wave fractures a portion of the ceramic, absorbing energy. High impact strength of the ceramics results in the energy absorption in a fixed volume. As a result, thin ceramics do not work well. Also, only a strong wave can fracture ceramics. Lower intensity waves go unaffected, contributing to the momentum transfer to the substrate, which is especially undesirable for a wearable armor.
  • Armor plate 100 includes a soft material in front ceramic layer 112 (i.e. , deformable layer 110). Instead of mitigating a shock wave, deformable layer 110 and ceramic layer 112 are amplifying the shock wave. As a projectile moves through deformable layer 110, pressure on ceramic layer 112 builds up, effectively accumulating the compression wave. Lattice wave generation also lasts longer.
  • the speed of sound in deformable layer 110 may be selected to be relatively small.
  • ceramic layer 112 for example sapphire, it accelerates to the speed of sound (e.g., from 3 km/s to 11 km/s), thus becoming more intense.
  • the compression wave also spreads out.
  • the compression waves hits the fracture layer 114 it is close in intensity to the impact point, but can be spread out over the area two orders of magnitude larger than the projectile cross-section area.
  • the amount of energy absorbed depends on the grain size of the fractured material.
  • the fracture energy is inversely proportional to the square root of the fractured grain size.
  • how the layer fractures may be important to its ability to absorb impact energy.
  • Armor plates manufactured according to methods known in the art tend to have a fracture zone that look like a cone propagating from the location of the impact, where the material closest to the impact site may have a fine grain fracture size, but much of the fractured material has a large grain fracture size and low energy dissipation.
  • the armor plate 100 of the present invention disperses the impact laterally, which causes fine grain fractures to occur over a much wider surface area. This energy absorption allows the armor plate 100 of the present invention to protect against higher velocity projectiles compared to known armor plates with a similar thickness.
  • deformable layer 110, ceramic layer 112, fracture layer 114, and spall liner 116 can be joined together to form plate 100 using any technique known in the art.
  • the layers of armor plate 100 are joined together using curable resins, heat, adhesives, and/or pressure.
  • the layers are secured to each other such that armor plate 100 is at least translucent and preferably transparent.
  • transmission values of light in the visible spectrum is at least about 70%, more preferably at least about 80%, and even more preferably at least about 90%.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an example embodiment where deformable layer 110, ceramic layer 112, fracture layer 114, and spall liner 116 are joined together by a plurality of intermediate layers such as adhesive layers 142a, 142b, and 142c.
  • Adhesive layers 142a, 142b, and 142c can be made from any material compatible with deformable layer 110, ceramic layer 112, fracture layer 114, and/or spall liner 116.
  • suitable materials include polymers or resins such as, but not limited to, polyvinyl butyral, cyanoacrylates, epoxies, polyurethanes, acrylics, and combinations of these.
  • the adhesives may be transparent or nontransparent.
  • intermediate layers such as, but not limited to adhesive layers 142, may have a thickness less than 10 mm, more specifically less than about 2 mm, more specifically less than about 1 mm, or even less than 100 ⁇ . if present, the intermediate layers have a thickness that does not prevent a compression wave from traveling between deformable layer 110, ceramic layer 112, and/or fracture layer 114. For many materials, a thickness less than 2 mm more preferably less than 1 mm can be used.
  • the layers of armor plate 100 can also be held together in parallel using means other than an adhesive.
  • armor plate 100 can have deformable layer 110, ceramic layer 112, and/or fracture layer 114 in free contact with one another, but clamped together using a frame or other clamping mechanism.
  • a frame or other substrate such as those illustrated in the devices shown in Figures 7-10, can apply a positive force on armor plate 110 to clamp or otherwise secured the layers together.
  • the overall thickness of armor plate 100 will typically depend on the amount of protection desired. Armor plates for preventing the penetration of high momentum projectiles may be of greater thickness than those for preventing the penetration of lower momentum projectiles, but with increased weight. In one embodiment the combined thickness of the deformable layer, ceramic layer, fracture layer, and spall liner have a thickness of less than 50 mm, more preferably less than 25 mm, even more preferably less than 20 mm, and most preferably less than 15 mm.
  • the deformable layer, the ceramic layer, the fracture layer, and the spall liner have a combined thickness in a range from about 4 mm to about 25 mm, more preferably from about 5 mm to about 20 mm, and most preferably about 6 mm to about 15 mm.
  • armor plate 100 it may be desirable to make armor plate 100 as thin and as light as possible while achieving a desired level of protection from projectile impact.
  • armor plate 100 may include additional layers on front surface 117 and/or back surface 119.
  • armor plate 100 may include coatings that modify the color and/or light transmission through armor plate 100.
  • a tint coating may be applied to armor plate 100.
  • a tint coating may be desirable for an armor plate used as a window to reduce the amount of light entering through the window and/or to inhibit people on an outside of the window to see inside.
  • the layers of armor plate 100 can be temporarily fastened together, for example, with tape, and then placed in an autoclave, optionally under vacuum.
  • the armor plate 100 may be pressurized and/or heated. Pressures that may be used include atmospheric, greater than atmospheric, greater than 2 bar, greater than 4 bar or greater than 8 bar. In some embodiments, pressure may be applied in a pressure chamber or by mechanical means, for instance, rollers or a press. Pressure and heat may be applied until the adhesive layers 142 (e.g., PVB) reach a softening point, allowing air bubbles to be expelled and allowing the adhesive to clarify and flow.
  • the adhesive layers 142 e.g., PVB
  • the softening temperature of adhesives layers 142 may be, for example, greater than 70 °C, greater than 100 °C, greater than 150 °C, greater than 200 °C, or greater than 250 °C. In some embodiments the optimum temperature will depend on the pressure applied and the specific adhesive material used to bind the layers. In an alternative embodiment adhesive layers 142 can be polymerized to join the layers of armor plate 100.
  • FIG. 7-9 illustrate example supporting structures that armor plate 100 can be incorporated into.
  • Figure 7 shows an armored vehicle 150 having a first armor plate 100a, a second armor plate 100b, and a third armor plate 103 which function in Windows on vehicle 150.
  • Armor plates 100a and 100b are mounted in doors 152 and 154, respectively of a body 156.
  • Armor plate 100c functions as a front window Body 156 provides a protective enclosure within its interior. Armor plates 100a and 100b may be transparent so as to allow personnel in the interior of body 156 the ability to view the surroundings exterior to body 156.
  • Body 156 may be made from an armored material, which is typically opaque.
  • Armored vehicle 150 can include wheels 158 an engine cabin 160 and other features typical of vehicles for providing locomotion (e.g., engine and drivetrain).
  • Armored vehicle 150 can be of any type known in the art, including but not limited to, cars, trucks, boats, airplanes, trains, and the like.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a helmet 200 that incorporates an armor plate lOOd according to the present invention.
  • Armor plate lOOd is incorporated into a visor 202 having a curved surface secured to a helmet structure 204 through a pair of fasteners 206 on opposing sides of helmet structure 204.
  • Visor 202 functions as a transparent face shield.
  • Helmet 200 may include one or more brackets 208 and 210 to support visor 202.
  • Visor 202 is preferably transparent so as to allow a person wearing helmet 200 to view their surroundings.
  • Armor plate 100 is particularly advantageous when used in articles that are worn on the head of a person.
  • Figure 9 illustrates yet another embodiment of a device that can incorporate armor plate 100.
  • Figure 9 shows goggles 220 having armor plate lOOe, which function as a lens. Armor plate lOOe is mounted in frame structure 222. Armor plate lOOe can be shaped to provide a lens for correcting myopia and/or hyperopia.
  • a strap to 24 allows goggles 220 to be worn on a person's head.
  • FIGS 6-8 illustrate specific examples of devices in which armor plate 100 may be incorporated
  • those skilled in the art will recognize that armor plate 100 may be incorporated into any structure where a thin, armored, transparent and/or translucent plate is desirable.
  • armor plate 100 may be used in windows of buildings, paneling or walls in or on buildings, including buildings where target shooting is carried out. While the present invention is advantageous for use with devices that need to be armored against artillery threats, the present invention is not limited to these.
  • Armor plate 100 can be used in any application where a projectile could pose a threat (e.g., motorcycle helmets designed to protect against flying debris on a road).
  • armor plate 100 can be segmented into a panel of armor plates.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a panel 250 having four segmented armor plates lOOf. Segmented armor plates lOOf are mounted in a frame structure 252. Segmenting the armor plates reduces crack propagation between portions of the armor plate.
  • the individual segments are sized to minimize crack propagation between segments while providing a suitable viewing area. Minimizing crack propagation prevents one segment from being compromised by a bullet striking an adjacent segment. In one embodiment this segment can have a surface area in a range from about 0.5 in 2 to about 10 in, 1-4 inches.
  • Example 1 describes a first type of armored plate (Type I).
  • Type I had a deformable layer of 0.05" thick Lexan, followed by 0.065" of sapphire (ceramic layer), then 0.125" soda lime glass (fracture layer) and 0.0935" of Lexan (spall liner). The sandwich was glued with a thin layer (25 ⁇ ) of transparent poly(vinylbutiral) resin.
  • Example 2 describes a second type of armor plate (Type II).
  • Type II sandwich was made of 0.05" Lexan (deformable layer), 0.065" sapphire (ceramic layer), 0.0625" soda lime glass (fracture layer) and 0.125" Lexan (spall liner). The sandwich was glued with a thin layer (25 ⁇ ) of transparent poly(vinylbutiral)].
  • Example 3 describes a third type of armored plate (Type III).
  • Type III was made of 0.05" Lexan (deformable layer), followed by 0.1425" of sapphire (ceramic layer), then 0.075" glass (fracture layer) and 0.1 " of Lexan (spall liner).
  • Example 4 describes a fourth type of armored plate (Type IV).
  • Type IV was made of 0.05" Lexan (deformable layer), followed by 0.0625" of sapphire (ceramic layer), then 0.125" glass (fracture layer) and 0.1 " of Lexan (spall liner).
  • Example 5 describes a fifth type of armored plate (Type V).
  • Type V was made of 0.1" Lexan (deformable layer), followed by 0.12" of spinel (ceramic layer), then 0.12" glass (fracture layer) and 0.1" of Lexan (spall liner).
  • Type III-V were bonded using an extra thick (1-1.2 mm) adhesive layer instead of the desired 25 ⁇ layer. As expected, this increase in the adhesives they are attenuated the shock wave on the interface between the ceramic she and the fracture layer, thereby adversely affecting armor plate performance. Nevertheless, Examples III-V outperform traditional transparent armor plates.
  • Test results for Types I-V are shown Figure 11 in the form of V 50 velocities versus plate weight normalized to the area unit.
  • Figure 11 also shows V 50 for Lexan (dotted line) and sapphire (solid line).
  • all the samples from Example 1-5 outperformed sapphire and Lexan.
  • extrapolated velocities indicate better performance by the transparent armor plates of the present invention than for any most, if not all, existing transparent armor, even without layer optimization.
  • Type I samples significantly outperformed Type II samples, providing more than 1700 Ft/s V 50 .
  • This result indicates that increasing the glass thickness at the expense of Lexan improves armor plate performance. This is a surprising and unexpected result since glass alone is very inferior to Lexan. This result also confirms that a significant portion of the projectile's momentum was absorbed in the fracturing of the glass.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une plaque de blindage qui comprend au moins quatre couches configurées pour générer une onde de compression qui est dissipée dans une couche de rupture. La plaque de blindage comprend une couche déformable de matériau ayant un allongement avant rupture de 20 % ou plus ; une couche de céramique transparente adjacente à la couche déformable ; une couche de rupture transparente adjacente à la couche de céramique ; et un revêtement anti-éclats transparent supportant la couche de rupture.
PCT/US2011/024579 2010-02-19 2011-02-11 Plaque de blindage Ceased WO2011142867A2 (fr)

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US12/708,991 US20110203452A1 (en) 2010-02-19 2010-02-19 Armor plate
US12/708,991 2010-02-19

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WO2011142867A2 true WO2011142867A2 (fr) 2011-11-17
WO2011142867A3 WO2011142867A3 (fr) 2012-01-12

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US9612091B1 (en) 2015-01-23 2017-04-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Interleaving angled hexagonal tile for flexible armor

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