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WO2011028036A2 - Composition de pâte et électrode de cellule solaire utilisant ladite composition - Google Patents

Composition de pâte et électrode de cellule solaire utilisant ladite composition Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011028036A2
WO2011028036A2 PCT/KR2010/005959 KR2010005959W WO2011028036A2 WO 2011028036 A2 WO2011028036 A2 WO 2011028036A2 KR 2010005959 W KR2010005959 W KR 2010005959W WO 2011028036 A2 WO2011028036 A2 WO 2011028036A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
paste composition
aluminum powder
solar cell
electrode
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2010/005959
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2011028036A3 (fr
Inventor
In Jae Lee
Jin Gyeong Park
Soon Gil Kim
Jun Phil Eom
Sang Gon Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LG Innotek Co Ltd
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LG Innotek Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LG Innotek Co Ltd filed Critical LG Innotek Co Ltd
Publication of WO2011028036A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011028036A2/fr
Publication of WO2011028036A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011028036A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/20—Electrodes
    • H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
    • H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
    • H10K10/80—Constructional details
    • H10K10/82—Electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a paste composition and an electrode of a solar cell using the same.
  • next generation clean energy has become more important due to the lack of fossil fuel.
  • next generation clean energy a solar cell is spotlighted as an energy source for solving the future energy problem because it rarely causes environmental pollution and has the semi-permanent life span and there exists infinite resources for the solar cell.
  • Such a solar cell can be manufactured by forming a top electrode and a rear electrode on a silicon substrate having an N type semiconductor (emitter) and a P type semiconductor (back surface field (BSF) layer).
  • N type semiconductor emitter
  • P type semiconductor back surface field (BSF) layer
  • BSF back surface field
  • the embodiment provides a paste composition capable of improving the bowing characteristic by reducing a thickness of a rear electrode without degrading the photoelectronic transformation efficiency, and an electrode of a solar cell using the same.
  • a paste composition for an electrode of a solar cell according to the embodiment includes an aluminum powder; a glass frit; an organic vehicle; and an inorganic filler.
  • the inorganic filler includes metal oxide.
  • the metal oxide may include at least one or two selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cr, Co, Al, Ti, Mn, Sb, Ti, and Zn.
  • the inorganic filler may include at least one or two selected from the group consisting of Fe-based oxide, Fe-Cr-based oxide, Co-Al-based oxide, Co-Al-Ti-based oxide, Co-Cr-Al-based oxide, Co-Al-based oxide, Mn-Sb-Ti-based oxide, Fe-Zn-Ti-based oxide and Co-Ni-Zn-Ti-based oxide.
  • the amount of the inorganic filler may be 1 to 10 wt% based on a total amount of the paste composition.
  • the aluminum powder may include a spherical aluminum powder having a grain size of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m, and a spherical aluminum powder having a grain size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the aluminum powder may include a spherical aluminum powder having a grain size of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m, a spherical aluminum powder having a grain size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m and a plate type aluminum powder having a mean size of lateral sides in a range of 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the aluminum powder may include 34 to 50 wt% of a spherical aluminum powder having a grain size of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m, 17 to 50wt% of a spherical aluminum powder having a grain size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m, and 0 to 33 wt% of a plate type aluminum powder having a mean size of long lateral sides in a range of 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the glass frit may include at least one selected from the group consisting of PbO-SiO 2 based material, PbO-SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 based material, ZnO-SiO 2 based material, ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 based material,and Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -ZnO-SiO 2 based material.
  • the amount of the glass frit may be 1 to 10 wt% based on the total amount of the paste composition.
  • the amount of the organic vehicle is 20 to 30 wt% based on the total amount of the paste composition.
  • An electrode of a solar cell according to the embodiment may be manufactured by using the above paste composition.
  • the electrode may include a rear electrode.
  • the electrode of the solar cell manufactured by the paste composition according to the embodiment may have superior mechanical strength and adhesive property with respect to a substrate (for instance, silicon substrate).
  • a substrate for instance, silicon substrate.
  • the BSF (back surface field) effect sufficient for the solar cell can be achieved even if the electrode has a thin thickness and the bowing of the solar cell an be prevented after the baking process.
  • the photoelectronic transformation efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a solar cell.
  • the paste composition for the electrode of the solar cell includes aluminum powder, a glass frit, an organic vehicle, and an inorganic filler.
  • the inorganic filler may include metal oxide.
  • the aluminum powder may have a spherical shape, a plate shape, a bell shape or a flake shape.
  • the metal powder may consist of particles having the same shape or different shapes.
  • the aluminum powder can be prepared by mixing at least two types of powders having different grain sizes or shapes.
  • the aluminum powder can be prepared by mixing spherical aluminum powder having the grain size of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m with spherical aluminum powder having the grain size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the aluminum powder can be prepared by mixing spherical aluminum powder having the grain size of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m with spherical aluminum powder having the grain size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m and plate type aluminum powder having the mean size of long lateral sides in the range of 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the aluminum powder is prepared by mixing two or three types of powders having various properties, a contact area between the paste composition and the silicon substrate for the solar cell can be enlarged. In this case, a diffusion area for aluminum can be increased in the paste composition so that the BSF layer can be effectively formed.
  • the aluminum powder can be filled with high density when the powders having different grain sizes/shapes are mixed with each other, so that the electric characteristic can be improved. Further, the powders may be rarely expanded during the heat treatment process, so that the compression rate of the particles can be minimized.
  • the surface resistance and bowing characteristics can be improved. For instance, when a module assembly is manufactured after the solar cell has been manufactured, if the bowing characteristic is not less than 1mm, the solar cell may be easily broken. The embodiment can prevent the solar cell from being broken.
  • the amount of the aluminum powder is about 60 to 90 wt% based on the total amount of the paste composition. If the amount of the aluminum powder exceeds 90 wt%, the composition may not be prepared in the form of paste. If the amount of the aluminum powder is less than 60 wt%, the amount of conductive material is reduced, so that the resistance of the rear electrode may be increased. That is, when the solar cell has the above composition ratio, sinterability of the paste composition can be improved and the efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.
  • the aluminum powder may include 34 to 50 wt% of spherical aluminum powder having the grain size of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m, 17 to 50wt% of spherical aluminum powder having the grain size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m, and 0 to 33 wt% of plate type aluminum powder having the mean size of longlateral sides in the range of 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the glass frit may include at least one selected from the group consisting of PbO-SiO 2 based material,PbO-SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 based material, ZnO-SiO 2 based material, ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 based material,and Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -ZnO-SiO 2 based material.
  • the amount of the glass frit may be 1 to 20 wt%, preferably, 1 to 10 wt% based on the total amount of the paste composition. If the amount of the glass frit is less than 1 wt%, the adhesive and bowing characteristics may be degraded. In contrast, if the amount of the glass frit exceeds 20 wt%, the electric characteristic may be lowered, so that the efficiency is degraded.
  • the glass frit has the softening point of 300 to 600°C, and the mean grain size of 1 to 10 ⁇ m. In this case, the fill factor and sintering density can be improved.
  • the organic vehicle allows the paste composition to have viscosity and rheological property adapted to be printed.
  • the organic vehicle is typically used in the paste composition.
  • the organic vehicle may include a mixture of a solvent and a polymer.
  • the polymer may include acrylate resin, ethylcellulous, nitrocellulous, polymer of ethylcellulous and phenol resin, wood rosin, and polymethacrylate of alcohol.
  • ethylcellulous is used as the polymer.
  • the solvent may include at least one or two selected from the group consisting of butylcarbitolacetate, butylcarbitol, butylcellosolve, butylcellosolveacetate, propyleneglycolmonomethylether, dipropyleneglycolmonomethylether, propyleneglycolmonomethylpropionate, ethyletherpropionate, terpineol, propyleneglycolmonomethyletheracetate, dimethylamino, formaldehyde, methylethylketone, gamma-butyrolactone, ethyllactate, texanol.
  • butylcarbitolacetate is used as the solvent.
  • the organic vehicle may include phosphorus based dispersing agent, a thixotropic agent, a leveling agent, and an anti-foaming agent.
  • the organic vehicle may also include the dopant diffusion solution.
  • the thixotropic agent may include urea type, amide type or urethane type polymer/organic substance or inorganic silica.
  • the amount of the organic paste is about 20 to 50 wt% based on the total amount of the paste composition. If the amount of the organic paste is less than 20 wt%, the amount of the organic substance is reduced, so that the printing characteristic is lowered. If the amount of the organic paste exceeds 50 wt%, viscosity is lowered, so that layers may be broken after the printing process has been performed.
  • the inorganic filler may include metal oxide.
  • the inorganic filler is the metal oxide including at least one or two selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cr, Co, Al, Ti, Mn, Sb, Ti, and Zn.
  • the inorganic filler may include at least one or two selected from the group consisting of Fe-based oxide, Fe-Cr-based oxide, Co-Al-based oxide, Co-Al-Ti-based oxide, Co-Cr-Al-based oxide, Co-Al-based oxide, Mn-Sb-Ti-based oxide, Fe-Zn-Ti-based oxide and Co-Ni-Zn-Ti-based oxide.
  • the inorganic filler may include a pigment having a predetermined color.
  • the inorganic filler adjusts the thermal expansion coefficient in the paste composition.
  • the inorganic filler adjusts the thermal expansion coefficient between the aluminum and the silicon wafer to reduce the bowing of the solar cell after the baking process and to improve conductivity.
  • conductivity of the rear electrode can be improved so that the efficiency of the solar cell can be enhanced.
  • the Co-Ni-Ti-Zn oxide, Co-Al-Ti oxide and Fe oxide represent a low thermal expansion coefficient and a superior conductive characteristic.
  • the amount of the inorganic filler is about 1 to 10 wt% based on the total amount of the paste composition. If the amount of the inorganic filler exceeds 10 wt%, the content of the aluminum powder is reduced so that the electric characteristic may be degraded. In addition, if the amount of the inorganic filler is less than 1 wt%, the original function of the inorganic filler may not be realized.
  • the polymer resin such as acrylate resin, ethylcellulous, or nitrocellulous is dissolved in the solvent, such as butylcarbitolacetate, and then premixed to prepare the organic vehicle.
  • the solvent such as butylcarbitolacetate
  • the organic vehicle, three types of aluminum powders and the inorganic filler are premixed.
  • an amine-based, an acid-based or a bipolar dispersing additive is added to the mixture to improve the dispersing property.
  • the mixture is maturated for 1 to 12 hours for the purpose of desired dispersion.
  • the matured mixture is secondarily mixed and dispersed through a paste mixer, a planetary mill or a 3-roll mill. Then, the filtering and defoaming processes are performed to provide the aluminum paste.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the solar cell.
  • the solar cell includes a P type silicon substrate 10 provided on the top surface thereof with an N type semiconductor 11, a top electrode 12 electrically connected to the N type semiconductor 11 and a rear electrode 13 electrically connected to the P type silicon substrate 10.
  • An anti-reflective layer 14 can be formed on the top surface of the emitter 11 except for an area where the top electrode 12 is formed.
  • a BSF layer 15 is formed on the rear electrode 13 of the silicon substrate 10.
  • the drying and baking processes are performed to manufacture the rear electrode 13 of the solar cell.
  • the drying process is performed under the temperature of 90 to 250°C and the baking process is performed under the temperature of 600 to 950°C.
  • the high-temperature/high-speed baking process is performed for 5 seconds to 1 minute at the temperature of about 850 to 950°C.
  • the paste composition is printed with the thickness of about 20 to 60 ⁇ m. Details of this are disclosed in Korean Laid-open Patent Publication Nos. 10-2006-0108550 and 10-20060127813 and Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication Nos. 2001-202822 and 2003-133567, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • the paste composition was prepared by using 65g (65 wt%) of aluminum powder, 5g (5 wt%) of inorganic filler which is CoNiTiZn-based oxide, 26g (26 wt%) of the organic vehicle and 4g (4 wt%) of the glass frit.
  • Example 2 is similar to Example 1 except that the amount of the inorganic filler (CoNiTiZn-based oxide) was 2g (2 wt%) and the amount of the glass frit was 3g (3 wt%).
  • the amount of the inorganic filler CoNiTiZn-based oxide
  • Example 3 is similar to Example 1 except that the amount of the inorganic filler (CoNiTiZn-based oxide) was 3g (3 wt%) and the amount of the glass frit was 2g (2 wt%).
  • the amount of the inorganic filler CoNiTiZn-based oxide
  • Example 4 is similar to Example 1 except that the amount of the inorganic filler (CoNiTiZn-based oxide) was 1g (1 wt%) and the amount of the glass frit was 4g (4 wt%).
  • the amount of the inorganic filler CoNiTiZn-based oxide
  • Example 5 is similar to Example 1 except that the amount of the inorganic filler (CoNiTiZn-based oxide) was 2g (2 wt%) and the amount of the glass frit was 3g (3 wt%).
  • the amount of the inorganic filler CoNiTiZn-based oxide
  • Example 6 is similar to Example 1 except that the amount of the inorganic filler (CoNiTiZn-based oxide) was 3g (3 wt%) and the amount of the glass frit was 2g (2 wt%).
  • the amount of the inorganic filler CoNiTiZn-based oxide
  • Example 7 is similar to Example 1 except that the amount of the inorganic filler (Fe-based oxide) was 1g (1 wt%) and the amount of the glass frit was 4g (4 wt%).
  • Example 8 is similar to Example 1 except that the amount of the inorganic filler (Fe-based oxide) was 2g (2 wt%) and the amount of the glass frit was 3g (3 wt%).
  • Example 9 is similar to Example 1 except that the amount of the inorganic filler (Fe-based oxide) was 3g (3 wt%) and the amount of the glass frit was 2g (2 wt%).
  • the paste composition was prepared similarly to Example 1 except that the inorganic filler was not used and the amount of the glass frit was 5g (5 wt%).
  • the paste composition of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example was printed on the silicon substrate through the screen printing process and then drying process was performed at the temperature of 160°C. In addition, the rapid heat treatment process was performed at the temperature of 850°C to manufacture the rear electrode of the solar cell.
  • the efficiency is the photoelectronic transformation efficiency after the solar cell has been manufactured, I SC istheshortcurrentundernoresistance,V oc istheopencircuitvoltagemeasuredbyopeningtheelectrodeterminal,andFFisthefillfactorwhichistheratiooftherealoutputtothemaximumoutputofthesolarcell.
  • the photoelectronic transformation efficiency was measured by using a solar simulator, and the surface resistance and the BSF resistance were measured by using a 4-point probe.
  • the bowing characteristic was measured at the center of the solar cell by using a dial gauge.
  • Examples 1 to 3 represent the superior bowing characteristic as compared with the comparative Example in which the metal oxide inorganic filler is not added. If the content of the inorganic filler is increased, the bowing characteristic can be more improved.
  • the electric conductive characteristic is represented as 15 m ⁇ / ⁇ or more, which is sufficient for the solar cell.
  • the BSF characteristic is improved when the inorganic filler is added to the paste composition. If the BSF layer is thickened, electronic recombination is prevented and the BSF layer serves as a reflector, so that the photoelectronic transformation efficiency is improved.
  • the embodiments are applicable to the electrode of the solar cell.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Selon un mode de réalisation, une composition de pâte pour électrode d'une cellule solaire contient une poudre d'aluminium, une fritte de verre, un excipient organique, et une charge inorganique. La charge inorganique contient un oxyde métallique.
PCT/KR2010/005959 2009-09-03 2010-09-02 Composition de pâte et électrode de cellule solaire utilisant ladite composition Ceased WO2011028036A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2009-0082748 2009-09-03
KR1020090082748A KR101601272B1 (ko) 2009-09-03 2009-09-03 낮은 휨 특성을 나타내는 태양전지 후면전극 형성용 조성물

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WO2011028036A2 true WO2011028036A2 (fr) 2011-03-10
WO2011028036A3 WO2011028036A3 (fr) 2011-06-30

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KR (1) KR101601272B1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI419177B (fr)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014093164A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Sun Chemical Corporation Compositions et procédés pour cellules solaires améliorées
RU2531519C1 (ru) * 2013-05-27 2014-10-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Монокристалл" ЗАО "Монокристалл" Алюминиевая паста для кремниевых солнечных элементов

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110797133B (zh) * 2019-10-23 2022-03-25 兴勤电子工业股份有限公司 铝电极浆料及其制法与陶瓷正温度系数热敏电阻

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001313400A (ja) 2000-04-28 2001-11-09 Kyocera Corp 太陽電池素子の形成方法
US20070244267A1 (en) * 2006-04-10 2007-10-18 Dueber Thomas E Hydrophobic crosslinkable compositions for electronic applications
US8309844B2 (en) 2007-08-29 2012-11-13 Ferro Corporation Thick film pastes for fire through applications in solar cells
KR101457362B1 (ko) 2007-09-10 2014-11-03 주식회사 동진쎄미켐 유리 프릿 및 이를 이용한 전기소자의 밀봉방법
WO2009085224A2 (fr) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-09 Cima Nanotech Israel Ltd. Dispositif photovoltaïque ayant une électrode transparente formée de nanoparticules

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014093164A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Sun Chemical Corporation Compositions et procédés pour cellules solaires améliorées
US20150325715A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2015-11-12 Sun Chemical Corporation Compositions and methods for improved solar cells
RU2531519C1 (ru) * 2013-05-27 2014-10-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Монокристалл" ЗАО "Монокристалл" Алюминиевая паста для кремниевых солнечных элементов

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20110024655A (ko) 2011-03-09
TWI419177B (zh) 2013-12-11
WO2011028036A3 (fr) 2011-06-30
TW201133507A (en) 2011-10-01
KR101601272B1 (ko) 2016-03-08

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