WO2011020443A1 - 一种摆渡齿轮和应用该摆渡齿轮的摆渡齿轮组及自动变速器 - Google Patents
一种摆渡齿轮和应用该摆渡齿轮的摆渡齿轮组及自动变速器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011020443A1 WO2011020443A1 PCT/CN2010/076179 CN2010076179W WO2011020443A1 WO 2011020443 A1 WO2011020443 A1 WO 2011020443A1 CN 2010076179 W CN2010076179 W CN 2010076179W WO 2011020443 A1 WO2011020443 A1 WO 2011020443A1
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- gear
- ferry
- pinion
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- axial
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear
- F16H3/36—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear with a single gear meshable with any of a set of coaxial gears of different diameters
- F16H3/363—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear with a single gear meshable with any of a set of coaxial gears of different diameters the teeth of the set of coaxial gears being arranged on a surface of generally conical shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of mechanical transmission, and more particularly to a ferry gear and a ferry gear set and an automatic transmission using the ferry gear. Background technique
- the transmission is a gear transmission that can fix or split the output shaft and input shaft transmission ratio, also known as the gearbox. It can change the running speed or traction of machine tools, cars, tractors, etc. It is composed of many gears with different diameters.
- the mechanical gearbox mainly uses the gear speed reduction principle: There are multiple sets of gear ratios in the gearbox. Through the operating mechanism, different gear pairs in the gearbox work; for example, at low speeds, the gears work with larger gear pairs, and at high speeds, the gears work with smaller gears.
- Ordinary gear transmission shifting mechanisms generally use slip gears and clutches.
- the clutch has a meshing type and a friction type. When the meshing clutch is used, the shifting should be performed when the stop or the speed difference is small.
- the friction clutch can be used for shifting when there is any difference in speed during operation, but the load carrying capacity is small and the two axes cannot be strictly synchronized.
- the present invention provides a ferry gear. Further, the present invention also provides a ferry gear set and an automatic transmission to which the ferry gear is applied.
- a ferry gear wherein the ferry gear is a non-circular spur gear or a helical gear, wherein the gear teeth are composed of two axial swing teeth and two radial swing teeth, and the order is: axial swing gear large gear segment, process Radial swing tooth, axial swing tooth pinion segment, return radial pinion tooth; the pitch line of the ferry gear is composed of an axial pitch gear large gear segment pitch circle, a process radial pitch tooth line, and an axial ferry The pitch pin circle and the returning radial pitch tooth line are connected in turn.
- m is the gear modulus, is the pinion number, z 2 is the number of large gear teeth, ⁇ is the radial ferration interval angle; ⁇ is the angle variable, and its parameter value ranges from 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- the present invention also provides a ferry gear set, which is sequentially arranged by a set of the aforementioned ferry gears, and the starting radial propulsion starting angle of each of the ferry gears is on the same side of the respective symmetrical center line, and the return path is The starting angles of the ferry are on the other side of the respective symmetrical center lines, and the radial traverse interval angles of the processes are equal, and the angles of the respective radial traverse sections are equal.
- the number of the above-mentioned ferry gears is 1 to 18, and the preferred number is 5 to 10 pieces.
- the present invention also provides an automatic transmission including a box body, a box bottom, a cover and a top cover, an input shaft, a shifting spindle, an output shaft, a driving gear, a driven gear and a control device, the gear on the shifting spindle
- the group is composed of a transmission gear set and the aforementioned ferry gear set;
- the shifting spindle is located between the input shaft and the output shaft, the axes of the three shafts are in the same plane and parallel to each other; sliding on the upper and lower rail surfaces of the box body a radial ferry frame, an input axial propeller and an output axial propeller are installed;
- the shifting spindle is mounted on a radial ferry, and the driving gear and the driven gear are respectively fixed at the input end of the axial ferry and The output end is axially propped;
- the driving gear and the driven gear are slidingly sleeved on the spline shafts of the input shaft and the output shaft, and selectively mesh with the gear set on the
- the bottom of the radial ferry frame is provided with a left side tooth plate and a right side tooth plate, the top of which is a diagonal track, and the bottom of the square nut has a inclined groove, and the inclined groove cooperates with the inclined track to form a sliding pair; a fixed stopper, the pitch of the left sliding tooth plate and the right sliding tooth plate on the fixed stopper is equal to the pitch of the left side plate and the right side plate; the variable speed spindle on the radial ferry
- a large end end is provided with a spindle end cover; one end of the small drive shaft is inserted into the hole of the shifting spindle shaft body, and the other end is connected to the gear below the pinion gear set through the hole in the center of the spindle end cover; the pinion gear set is fixed at On the pinion set, the pinion above it is connected to the spline shaft.
- the above control device comprises: a shift controller mounted on the casing, an output clutch, a stopper and a screw drive.
- the screw driving device comprises: an input end axial propeller screw, an output end axial propeller screw and a radial ferry screw, wherein the shaft ends of the three screws are respectively connected to the shift controller;
- the screw to the ferry frame and the axial end of the ferry rod are connected together by a timing belt.
- the pitches of the two screws are equal and the directions of rotation are opposite.
- the screw threads of the two screws are respectively inserted into the axial end of the input end and the axial direction of the input end.
- the thread of the radial ferry screw is inserted into the screw hole of the square nut.
- the shift controller is disposed on the transmission housing, and the shift controller is internally provided with a shifting slider and a shift pinion; the two sides of the housing are respectively equipped with a forward shifting electromagnet and a reverse shifting gear An electromagnet, a fork shaft is arranged between the two electromagnets, and two ends of the fork shaft are respectively connected to two shifting electromagnets, and a shift fork is arranged in the middle of the fork shaft; A cam tappet seat is fixed, and the cam tappet is mounted in the cam tappet seat by a spring; the shift slider is slidably mounted on the spline shaft.
- the shift slider includes a forward shift gear fixed together, a forward shift eccentric cam, a middle round wheel, a reverse shift eccentric cam and a reverse shift gear; the forward and reverse shifting gears;
- the gear is an incomplete gear with the same structure, and its working angle is equal to the radial ferry interval angle of the ferry gear;
- the two shifting eccentric cams have the same structure, and each cam has a rim on one side, and a notch is formed on the rim. , there is a smooth chamfer at the notch; the symmetrical center line of the forward shift gear coincides with the symmetrical center line of the forward shift eccentric cam.
- the above-mentioned shift pinion gear set includes a radial positive-adjusting pinion, a radial reverse-adjusting small tooth, a left-end axial screw pinion, a right-end axial screw pinion, a left-end intermediate pinion, a right-end intermediate pinion, and a left-end axial positive adjustment.
- the reverse gear pinion, the right end axially adjustable pinion gear and the left end axially reversed pinion gear form three sets of shift pinion gear sets, and the two pinion gears of each group mesh with each other and are offset in the axial direction by more than half of the pinion gear width.
- the radial forward pitch pinion, the left end axial screw pinion and the right end axial screw and the gear are respectively mounted on the radial ferry screw, the output end axial propeller screw and the input end axial propeller screw Shaft end.
- the shifting mechanism applied in the prior art is mostly a conventional gear transmission shifting mechanism, and generally consists of a slip gear and a clutch.
- the slip gear is commonly used for three-slide gear shifting.
- the axial dimension is large and the control mechanism is complex.
- the end faces of the gear teeth need to be rounded out or sharp corners. It must be stopped when shifting, and the impact is large and noisy during operation.
- Applying the invention The above problem does not exist in the shifting gear:
- the gear can be exchanged quickly and automatically, with low impact, low noise, small axial size and compact structure.
- the invention has the following advantages: large carrying capacity and high transmission efficiency; automatic shifting by mechanical means, no external displacement power device is required; maintenance cylinder is cheap, and the price is low.
- Figure 1 is the structure and schematic diagram of the ferry gear
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the same series of partial ferry gears and transmission gears
- Figure 3 (a), (b), (c) is the structure and working principle diagram of the automatic transmission shifting spindle
- Figure 4 is an external view of the automatic transmission
- Figure 5 is an internal view of the automatic transmission after the cover and the top cover are removed
- Figure 6 is a view of the automatic transmission case taken after being cut
- Figure 7 is a split view of the radial ferry and its accessories
- Figure 8 is a split view of the shift controller
- Figure 9 is a structural view of the main components of the shift controller;
- Figure 10 (a), (b), (c) is the working principle diagram of the shift controller;
- Figure 11 is a working principle diagram of the shifting eccentric cam
- Figure 12 (a), (b), (c) is the working principle diagram of the gear shifting gear. detailed description
- Figure 1 is a structure and schematic diagram of a ferry gear.
- the non-circular gear z 34/381 is a pitch gear used in conjunction with the ordinary gears z 34 and z 38 ;
- Z 34 is a pinion having a number of teeth 34, and
- Z 38 is a large gear having a number of teeth 38.
- the two gears of the ferry gear Z (34/38) corresponding to the axial swing interval angles ⁇ 34 and ⁇ 38 are axial swing teeth, which are part of the gears of the J, the gear Z 34 and the large gear Z 38 ;
- the teeth corresponding to the angles ⁇ (34 _ 38) and 6 ( 38 - 34 ) of the ferry interval are the process radial and the radial traverse teeth, respectively.
- the bottom left picture shows the axial view of the ferry gear ⁇ ( 34/381 and the pinion Z 34 coaxially mounted, and the lower right figure is the big gear
- the graph is a graph of the ferry gear Z ( 34/381 radial ferry pitch line, the smooth curve and A 2 P 2 B 2 are the radial ferration interval angles ⁇ (34 _ 38) and 6 (38 _ in Figure ⁇ 34)
- the nodal line of the corresponding tooth is called the process radial ferry pitch line and the return radial ferry pitch line.
- the curve is defined as follows: the modulus of the large and small gears is m, the number of teeth is z 2 , z 1 respectively; the moving point P t on the straight line OP starts from the point 1 on the pitch circle d zl of the pinion, in the direction P At the same time, the point moves at a constant speed, and rotates at a constant speed around the origin 0 with the straight line 0P.
- the angle ⁇ is turned, it reaches the B t point on the large gear pitch circle d z2 ; the motion track of the moving point P t constitutes the process radial ferry section Line, its parameter equation is:
- Plant X iz 2+ (mz 2 ⁇ - z l ⁇ ) /2 ⁇ ] cos ⁇
- the double-acting ferry gear is a special kind of ferry gear, and its two radial swing tooth line movement points ⁇ 2 connected to the core length II is fixed; the process radial ferry interval angle ⁇ (34 _ 38) and return radial traverse The interval angles (38 _ 34) are equal.
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the same series of partial ferry gears and transmission gears.
- the ferry gears 1 Z (34/38)
- Z. 8/421 is a double-acting ferry gear with serial numbers connected; the straight line of the midpoint of the flat keyway is the symmetrical center line.
- the starting angle of the process radial ⁇ ⁇ 3 , 5 and the return radial are defined.
- the process of all ferry gears is equal to the radial range of the ferry, ⁇ ( 3._ 34)
- the mark 3 is the balance weight reduction hole; because the ferry gear is a non-circular gear, it will inevitably cause vibration due to the eccentric shield during the high-speed rotation; to prevent this from happening, pass the partial ferry gear Z ( 34/381) , Z (38/42) ⁇ The method of machining the holes on the partial transmission gears Z 38 and Z 42 to solve the problem.
- Figure 3 (a), (b), (c) is the structure and working principle diagram of the automatic transmission shifting spindle; (b) is the structural diagram of the shifting spindle; the shifting spindle of this embodiment is composed of 8 transmission gears Z 22 , Z 26 , Z 3 . , Z 34 , Z 38 , Z 42 , Z 46 , Z 5 . It is arranged with 7 ferry gears, Z, Z (34 / 38 ), Z (38 / 42 ), Z, Z (46 / 50) , and the above 8 transmission gears are numbered by the number of teeth; The difference is arranged in columns with a tolerance of 4.
- the ferry gear and the transmission gear will take a larger tooth width. If the number of ferry gears is too large, the shifting spindle will be too long, the rigidity will be reduced, and the transmission of the shifting spindle will be affected. Capability; In addition, too many ferry gears will affect the accuracy of the assembly. For power transmission applications where the gear modulus is greater than 2, the number of ferry gears on the same variable speed spindle should not exceed 18, preferably 5-10.
- the driven gear Z 47B is simultaneously coupled to the transmission gear Z 5 .
- the ferry gear ⁇ ( 46/5 ⁇ meshing) (a) is the right side view of the three gears in this position; in the meshing zone transmission gear Z 5 and the ferry gear ⁇ ( 46/5 ⁇ part of the gear tooth-to-tooth pair
- the driving gear ⁇ 47 ⁇ is simultaneously meshed with the transmission gear ⁇ 22 and the ferry gear ⁇ ( 22/261 ,
- (c) is the left side view of the three gears, the transmission gear ⁇ 22 and the ferry gear ⁇ in the meshing zone ( 22/261 Part of the teeth are aligned one by one.
- the transmission gear and the ferry gear on the variable speed spindle have a certain regularity.
- the driving gear ⁇ 47 ⁇ and the driven gear ⁇ 47 ⁇ can move to the adjacent direction in the direction indicated by the corresponding arrow in the figure.
- this process is called axial ferry.
- the driving gear ⁇ 47 ⁇ is moved by the transmission gear ⁇ 22 to the ferry gear ⁇ ( 22/261 ; the driven gear ⁇ 47 ⁇ is moved by the transmission gear ⁇ 5 ; to the shifting gear;
- the axial movement of the two gears Z 47A and Z 47B must be reversed in synchronization.
- the radial ferry After the first axial swing, the radial ferry will be carried out. After that, the driving gear Z 47A and the driven gear Z 47B will only rotate about their own axis, and the shifting spindle will rotate around its own axis, and also the driving gear Z 47A or the slave. Translational movement of the axis of the moving gear Z 47B; the axis of the shifting spindle is located between the axis of the drive gear Z 47A and the axis of the driven gear Z 47B , the three axes being parallel to each other and in one plane.
- the input shaft 33 and the output shaft 38 are mounted on both sides of the box, and the transmission case is composed of a box body 34, a box bottom 35, a box cover 41 and a top cover 43, and the four parts are correspondingly
- the bolts 42 are coupled together;
- the shift controller 39 is mounted on one side of the casing and is coupled to the output clutch 37 via a clutch cable 36.
- Figure 5 is an internal view of the automatic transmission after the cover and the top cover are removed: the input body axially swinging frame 44A, the output end axial ferry 44B and the radial ferry 47 are slidingly mounted on the casing 34; The movable part is respectively mounted with an input end axial propeller screw 48A, an output end axial propeller screw 48B and a radial ferry screw 46; the shaft ends of the three screws are respectively connected to the shift controller 39.
- the radial ferry screw 46 acts on the inclined track of the radial ferry 47 by the square nut 45; the two screws 48A, 48B have the same pitch and opposite directions of rotation, and are connected by a timing belt 49. As a result, the synchronous rotation is always maintained during the operation, and the input axial propeller 44A and the output axial propeller 44B move in opposite directions.
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the automatic transmission case: the driving gear Z 47A is mounted on the input end axial swing frame 44A, and the input shaft spline 33A is inserted in the spline hole of the driving gear Z 47A ; A threaded portion of the input end axial propeller screw 48A is inserted into the screw hole above the frame 44A.
- a shifting spindle 54 is mounted on the radial ferry frame 47.
- the shifting spindle 54 is mounted with a ferry gear set and a transmission gear set.
- the number of teeth of each gear of the transmission gear set constitutes an arithmetic progression; the transmission gear and the ferry gear are spaced apart, and each of the transmission gears A gear can be selectively meshed with the driving gear Z 47A ; the radial propeller 47 is also equipped with a pinion gear 55, by which the movement of the shifting spindle 54 can be transmitted to the small spline shaft 56 with a transmission ratio of 1
- the stopper 53 is mounted on the bottom 35, and the sliding plate on the same is used in combination with the toothed plate 47A mounted on the radial ferry 47 to fix the radial ferry 47 in the correct position.
- Figure ⁇ is a split view of the radial ferry and its accessories.
- only the shifting spindle shaft 57 is mounted on the radial ferry 47.
- This is a stepped shaft with a set of flat keys that fix the gears.
- the small drive shaft 60-end is connected in the hole of the shaft body 57, and the other end passes through the hole in the center of the end cover 58 to be connected with the gear under the pinion gear set 55; the pinion gear set 55 is mounted on the pinion gear 59.
- the pinion gear above it is connected to the small spline shaft 56.
- the top of the radial ferry frame 47 is machined with a diagonal track 47C which cooperates with the chute at the bottom of the square nut 45, and the square nut 45 is mounted on the radial ferry screw 46; the radial ferry 47 is symmetrically mounted to the left side.
- the tooth plate 47A and the right tooth plate 47B are used together with the stopper 53.
- the left sliding tooth plate 53A and the right sliding tooth plate 53B on the fixed stopper 53 can be synchronously expanded and contracted, and the 53C is connected to the two sliding tooth plates. 53A, 53B cable outlet.
- Figure 8 is a split view of the shift controller.
- the shift controller consists of two parts: a seat 39A and a cover 39B.
- the shift fork 62 is mounted inside the shift controller 63.
- the baffle magnet 40A and the reverse shift electromagnet 40B; both electromagnets are mounted on the outer casing.
- a cam tappet seat 61A is also fixed to the outer casing, and a spring is disposed inside, and a cam tappet 61 is mounted therein; a small spline shaft 56 is mounted in the middle of the casing, and a reverse shift gear 64B is slidably mounted thereon.
- Figure 9 is a structural exploded view of the main components of the shift controller of Figure 8; wherein 61 is a cam tappet; 62 is a shift fork; 64A is a forward shift gear; 64B is a reverse shift gear; 62A is an intermediate circle 70A is a forward shift eccentric cam; 70B is a reverse shift eccentric cam; shift gears 64A and 64B are two identical partial gears; eccentric cams 7 OA and 70B have the same structure, and the cam has a rim on one side, the wheel There is a gap in the edge and a smooth chamfer at the notch.
- the ten pinions in the figure are: radial positive pitch pinion 65A, radial reverse tuning small tooth 65B, left end axial screw pinion 66A, right end axial screw pinion 66B, left end intermediate pinion 67A, right end intermediate pinion 67B, the left end axial positive adjustment pinion 68A, the left end axial reverse adjustment pinion 68B, the right end axial forward adjustment pinion 69A, and the right end axially reversed pinion 69B; the three sets of pinion gears 65A and 65B, 68A and 68B, 69A and 69B are wide-tooth semi-engaged Gear set.
- Figure 10 (a), (b), (c) is the working principle diagram of the shift controller.
- the radial positive-adjusting pinion 65A and the radial counter-adjusting small tooth 65B in Fig. 9 are taken as an example to illustrate the positive and negative directions.
- the pinion gears 65A, 65B are said to be "wide-tooth half-mesh": the two pinions mesh with each other and are offset in the axial direction by a distance greater than half the tooth width of the pinion.
- the above five components 64B, 70B, 62A, 70A, and 64A are integrally combined to form a shift slider, which can be horizontally moved left and right.
- Figure 11 is the working principle diagram of the shift eccentric cam, this figure only retains the forward shift gear 64A and the forward shift eccentric cam 7 OA on the right side of the gear block;
- One shifting action includes two axial ferry motions and one radial ferry motion. This process must be complete, otherwise the position of the ferry racks 44A, 44B, 46 may be disturbed.
- the teeth of the forward shift gear 64A must be Before one of the three pinion gears 68A, 68A, 69A is engaged, it enters the working position as shown in Fig. 10(b).
- the forward shift gear 64A and the forward shift eccentric cam 7 OA are integrated, and the symmetrical center lines 0 3 C 3 and 0 3 C 4 coincide, and when the two wheels rotate synchronously in the direction indicated by the arrow, only when the shift is eccentric
- the notch on the rim of the cam 70A is turned to the cam tappet 61, the two wheels can move in the direction of their axes and pass through the notch.
- Figure 12 (a), (b), (c) is the working principle diagram of the shift gear, the shift gear 64A is an incomplete gear, and its number of teeth is determined by the requirement of its working angle ⁇ X, said The working angle refers to the angle corresponding to the position of the shift gear 64A at the position where the operation is started as shown in (a) to the position where the operation of the figure (b) is just finished.
- the figure is a double-acting ferry gear used in the automatic transmission of this embodiment; the value of the working angle ⁇ ⁇ in the figure (b) must be equal to the process radial direction range ⁇ of the ferry gear ( 34 _ 38 )
- the two axial propulsions need to be completed in the axial swing interval angles ⁇ 34 and ⁇ 38 , and the axial swing working angle of the shift gear is required to be smaller than the two angle values;
- the mechanical automatic transmission is applied to a car, it can meet the traction demand of different driving conditions, so that the engine works as much as possible under favorable working conditions, and better meets the requirements of possible driving speed, so it is beneficial for energy saving and environmental protection. effect.
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Description
一种摆渡齿轮和应用该摆渡齿轮的摆渡齿轮组及
自动变速器 技术领域
本发明涉及机械传动领域, 特别是涉及一种摆渡齿轮和应用该摆渡齿轮的摆渡齿轮 组及自动变速器。 背景技术
变速器是能固定或分档改变输出轴和输入轴传动比的齿轮传动装置, 又称变速箱。 可以改变机床、 汽车、 拖拉机等机器运转速度或牵引力, 其由许多直径大小不同的齿轮 组成, 机械式变速箱主要应用了齿轮传动的降速原理: 变速箱内有多组传动比不同的齿 轮副, 通过操纵机构使变速箱内不同的齿轮副工作; 如在低速时, 让传动比大的齿轮副 工作, 而在高速时, 让传动比小的齿轮副工作。
普通齿轮传动变速机构一般用滑移齿轮和离合器等。离合器有啮合式和摩擦式之分。 用啮合式离合器时, 变速应在停车或转速差很小时进行, 用摩擦式离合器可在运转中任 意转速差时进行变速, 但承载能力小, 且不能保证两轴严格同步。
现有的汽车自动变速器如液力自动变速箱 AT; 机械无级自动变速箱 CVT , 普遍效率 不高, 其中一个很重要的原因是: 这些变速器均用到液压装置来实现自动控制, 输入轴 的相当一部分轴功率被消耗到液压系统上。 此外, 复杂的液压系统也造成自动变速箱维 修困难, 价格昂贵。 发明内容
为解决现有齿轮式变速器存在的缺点, 本发明提供了一种摆渡齿轮。 另外, 本发明 还提供了应用该摆渡齿轮的摆渡齿轮组及自动变速器。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种摆渡齿轮, 所述摆渡齿轮是非圆的直齿轮或斜齿轮, 其轮齿由两段轴向摆渡齿 和两段径向摆渡齿构成, 顺序依次是: 轴向摆渡齿大齿轮段、 进程径向摆渡齿、 轴向摆 渡齿小齿轮段、返程径向摆渡齿; 所述摆渡齿轮的节线由轴向摆渡齿大齿轮段节圆圆弧、 进程径向摆渡齿节线、 轴向摆渡齿小齿轮段节圆圆弧和返程径向摆渡齿节线依次连接组 成。
所述摆渡齿轮是双作用摆渡齿轮, 其进程径向摆渡齿节线上的动点 Pt和返程径向摆 渡齿节线上的动点 P2的连线经过轮心,并且满足 I I = m (Zl+z2) /2 ; 所述进程径向摆 渡齿节线 的参数方程是:
厂 X= C mz!/2+ (mz2 Θ -mZi Θ ) /2 γ〕 cos Θ
_ Y=〔 mzjl+ (mz2 Θ -mzx Θ ) /2 γ〕 s in Θ
其中, m是齿轮模数, 是小齿轮齿数, z2是大齿轮齿数, γ是径向摆渡区间角; Θ是角度变量, 其参数值取值范围是 0 < θ < γ 。
另外, 本发明还提供了一种摆渡齿轮组, 由一组前述的摆渡齿轮顺序排列而成, 每 个所述摆渡齿轮的进程径向摆渡起始角处于各自对称中心线的同一侧, 返程径向摆渡起 始角处于各自对称中心线的另一侧, 各进程径向摆渡区间角相等, 各返程径向摆渡区间 角相等。
上述摆渡齿轮的个数是 1到 18个, 优选的个数是 5到 1 0个。
另外, 本发明还提供了一种自动变速器, 包括箱身、 箱底、 箱盖和顶盖、 输入轴、 变速主轴、 输出轴、 主动齿轮、 从动齿轮和控制装置, 所述变速主轴上的齿轮组由传动 齿轮组和前述摆渡齿轮组间隔布置构成; 所述变速主轴位于输入轴和输出轴之间, 三个 轴的轴线在同一个平面内且相互平行;在箱身的上下轨道面上滑动地安装着径向摆渡架、 输入端轴向摆渡架和输出端轴向摆渡架; 所述变速主轴安装在径向摆渡架上, 主动齿轮 和从动齿轮分别固定在输入端轴向摆渡架和输出端轴向摆渡架上; 主动齿轮和从动齿轮 滑动地套在输入轴和输出轴的花键轴上, 并选择性地与变速主轴上的齿轮组啮合; 所述 箱盖顶部有槽, 槽中滑动地安装着方螺母。
上述径向摆渡架底部装有左侧齿板和右侧齿板, 其顶部是一条斜轨道, 所述方螺母 底部有一斜槽, 该斜槽与斜轨道配合构成滑动副; 所述箱底底部安装有定挡器, 所述定 挡器上的左侧滑动齿板和右侧滑动齿板的齿距与左侧齿板、 右侧齿板的齿距相等; 所述 径向摆渡架上变速主轴大端一侧设有主轴端盖; 小传动轴一端插装在变速主轴轴体的孔 中, 另一端穿过主轴端盖中心的孔连接在小齿轮组下方的齿轮上; 小齿轮组固定在小齿 轮组摆架上, 其上方的小齿轮连接在 、花键轴上。
上述控制装置包括: 安装在箱体上的调挡控制器、 输出端离合器、 定挡器和螺杆驱 动装置。
上述螺杆驱动装置包括: 输入端轴向摆渡架螺杆、 输出端轴向摆渡架螺杆和径向摆 渡架螺杆, 所述的三根螺杆的轴端分别连接在调挡控制器上; 所述输入端轴向摆渡架螺 杆、输出端轴向摆渡架螺杆通过同步带连接在一起, 所述两螺杆的螺距相等、旋向相反, 两螺杆螺紋部分别插装在输入端轴向摆渡架和输入端轴向摆渡架的螺孔中; 所述径向摆 渡架螺杆的螺紋插装在方螺母的螺孔中。
上述调挡控制器设置在变速器外壳上, 所述调挡控制器内部装有调挡滑块和调挡小 齿轮组; 所述外壳两侧分别装有正向调挡电磁铁和反向调挡电磁铁, 两电磁铁之间装拨 叉轴, 拨叉轴两端分别接在两个调挡电磁铁上, 拨叉轴中部装有调挡拨叉; 所述外壳上
固定有凸轮挺杆座, 凸轮挺杆通过弹簧安装在凸轮挺杆座中; 所述调挡滑块滑动地安装 在小花键轴上。
上述调挡滑块包括固联在一起的正向调挡齿轮、 正向调挡偏心凸轮、 中间圆轮、 反 向调挡偏心凸轮和反向调挡齿轮; 所述正向、 反向调挡齿轮是结构相同的不完全齿轮, 其工作转角与摆渡齿轮的径向摆渡区间角相等; 两个调挡偏心凸轮结构相同, 每个凸轮 的一侧都有轮缘, 在轮缘上加工出缺口, 在缺口处有平滑倒角; 所述的正向调挡齿轮的 对称中线和正向调挡偏心凸轮的对称中线重合。
上述调挡小齿轮组包括径向正调小齿轮、 径向反调小齿、 左端轴向螺杆小齿轮、 右 端轴向螺杆小齿轮、 左端中间小齿轮、 右端中间小齿轮、 左端轴向正调小齿轮、 左端轴 向反调小齿轮、 右端轴向正调小齿轮和右端轴向反调小齿轮, 所述的径向正调小齿轮和 径向反调小齿、 左端轴向正调小齿轮和左端轴向反调小齿轮、 右端轴向正调小齿轮和左 端轴向反调小齿轮构成三组拨挡小齿轮组, 每组的两个小齿轮相互啮合, 并在轴向错开 大于小齿轮一半齿宽的距离; 所述的径向正调小齿轮、 左端轴向螺杆小齿轮和右端轴向 螺杆 、齿轮分别安装在径向摆渡架螺杆、 输出端轴向摆渡架螺杆和输入端轴向摆渡架螺 杆的轴端。
现有技术所应用的变速机构多是普通齿轮传动变速机构, 一般由滑移齿轮和离合器 等构成。 滑移齿轮常用三联滑移齿轮变速, 其轴向尺寸偏大, 控制机构复杂, 轮齿端面 需要倒出圆角或尖角, 换挡时必须停车, 操作时冲击大, 有噪声; 应用本发明摆渡齿轮 变速则不存上述问题: 齿轮可以快速自动交换, 冲击小, 噪声低, 而且轴向尺寸小, 结 构紧凑。
与现有技术相比, 本发明还有以下优点: 承载能力大、 传动效率高; 用机械装置自 动换挡, 无需外置换挡动力装置; 维修筒便、 价格低廉。 附图说明
图 1是摆渡齿轮的结构和原理图;
图 1是同系列的部分摆渡齿轮和传动齿轮的截面图;
图 3 (a)、 (b)、 (c)是自动变速器变速主轴的结构及工作原理图;
图 4是自动变速器的外观图;
图 5是自动变速器揭去箱盖和顶盖后的内部视图;
图 6 是自动变速器箱身剖开后的视图;
图 7是径向摆渡架及其附件的拆分图;
图 8 是调挡控制器的拆分图;
图 9是调挡控制器主要部件的结构图;
图 10 (a)、 (b)、 (c)是调挡控制器的工作原理图;
图 11是调挡偏心凸轮的工作原理图;
图 12 (a)、 (b)、 (c)是调挡齿轮的工作原理图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图, 对本发明作进一步的说明:
图 1是摆渡齿轮的结构和原理图。非圆的齿轮 z(34/381是与普通齿轮 z34和 z38配合使用 的摆渡齿轮; Z34是齿数为 34的小齿轮, Z38是齿数为 38的大齿轮。
摆渡齿轮 Z (34/38)在轴向摆渡区间角 β 34和 β 38对应的两段齿是轴向摆渡齿, 分别是' J、 齿轮 Z34和大齿轮 Z38轮齿的一部分;在径向摆渡区间角 Θ (34_38)和6 ( 38 - 34 )对应的齿分别是 进程径向摆渡齿和返程径向摆渡齿。
左下图是摆渡齿轮∑(34/381与小齿轮 Z34同轴安装时的轴向视图, 右下图是其与大齿轮
Z38同轴安装时的轴向视图; 在 β 34和 β38对应的轴向摆渡区间, 摆渡齿轮∑(34/381的轮齿分 别与齿轮 Ζ34、 Ζ38的轮齿逐齿对正。
(a )图是摆渡齿轮 Z(34/381径向摆渡节线的曲线图, 平滑曲线 和 A2P2B2是图 τ 中径向摆渡区间角 Θ (34_38)和6 (38_34)内对应轮齿的节线,分别称为进程径向摆渡节线和返 程径向摆渡节线。
曲线 是这样定义的: 大、 小齿轮的模数为 m, 齿数分别是 z2、 z1; 直线 OP上 的动点 Pt由小齿轮节圆 dzl上的点 1处出发, 在向 P点匀速运动的同时, 还随直线 0P绕 原点 0匀速转动, 当转过角度 γ时, 到达大齿轮节圆 dz2上的 Bt点; 动点 Pt的运动轨迹 构成了进程径向摆渡节线, 其参数方程是:
厂 X= i z 2+ (mz2 Θ - zl θ ) /2 γ〕 cos θ
"i Υ=〔 mz 2+ (mz2 Θ -mzl θ ) /2 γ〕 sin θ
双作用摆渡齿轮是一种特殊的摆渡齿轮, 其两径向摆渡齿节线动点 Ρ2连心线长 度 I I为定值; 进程径向摆渡区间角 Θ (34_38)和返程径向摆渡区间角 Θ (38_34)相等。
(a ) 图表示的是双作用摆渡齿轮的节线, 其返程径向摆渡节线 A2P2B2是根据 Pt点定 义的: 当动点 Pt运动时, 与其同在一条直线上并位于 0点另一侧的动点 P2随 Pt点运动, 两动点同步运动; 并满足 I Ρ Ρ2 I =m(z2+Zl)/2。
图 2是同系列的部分摆渡齿轮和传动齿轮的截面图。 其中的摆渡齿轮 1 、 Z(34/38)、 Z。8/421是序号相连的双作用摆渡齿轮; 图中过平键键槽中点的直线是对称中心线, 以此为 基准, 定义了进程径向摆渡起始角 Φ φ3、 5和返程径向摆渡起始角 φ2、 Φ4、 φ6; 其中 φι= φ3= φ5; φ2= Φ4= Φ6。 所有摆渡齿轮的进程径向摆渡区间角相等, Θ (3。_34)
= Θ = Θ ( 38-42„ 返程径向摆渡区间角相等, θ ( = θ ( = θ
图中, 标记 3是平衡减重孔; 因为摆渡齿轮是非圆齿轮, 在高速转动的过程中必然 会因偏心盾量引起振动; 为了防止这种状况出现, 通过在部分摆渡齿轮 Z(34/381、 Z(38/42)^ 部分传动齿轮 Z38、 Z42上加工孔的方法来解决问题。
图 3 (a)、 (b)、 (c)是自动变速器变速主轴的结构及工作原理图; (b)图是变速主轴 的结构图; 本实施例的变速主轴由 8个传动齿轮 Z22、 Z26、 Z3。、 Z34、 Z38、 Z42、 Z46、 Z5。和 7 个摆渡齿轮 、 、 Z 、 Z (34/38)、 Z(38/42)、 Z 、 Z(46/50)间隔布置构成, 以上 8个 传动齿轮按齿数标号; 各齿轮的齿数呈等差数列排布, 公差是 4。
在实际应用中, 为了增加变速主轴上齿轮的承载能力, 摆渡齿轮和传动齿轮会取较 大的齿宽, 摆渡齿轮个数太多, 会导致变速主轴过长, 刚度降低, 影响变速主轴的传动 能力; 另外, 摆渡齿轮过多, 也会影响装配的精度。 对于齿轮模数大于 2隱的动力传动 场合, 同一根变速主轴上摆渡齿轮数目不宜超过 18个, 优选的是 5-10个。
在(b)图中, 从动齿轮 Z47B同时与传动齿轮 Z5。和摆渡齿轮 Ζ(46/5ω啮合, (a)图是这三 个齿轮于此位置时的右视图; 在啮合区传动齿轮 Z5。和摆渡齿轮 Ζ(46/5ω的部分轮齿逐齿对 正。 主动齿轮 Ζ47Α同时与传动齿轮 Ζ22和摆渡齿轮 Ζ(22/261啮合, (c)图是此三个齿轮的左视 图, 在啮合区传动齿轮 Ζ22和摆渡齿轮 Ζ(22/261的部分轮齿逐齿对正。
变速主轴上的传动齿轮和摆渡齿轮的安装具有一定的规律 , 在变速主轴一定的的转 角范围内,主动齿轮 Ζ47Α和从动齿轮 Ζ47Β可以沿图中相应箭头所指方向运动到相邻的齿轮 上, 这个过程称为轴向摆渡。 在轴向摆渡过程中, 主动齿轮 Ζ47Α由传动齿轮 Ζ22移动到摆 渡齿轮 Ζ(22/261上; 从动齿轮 Ζ47Β则由传动齿轮 Ζ5。移动到摆渡齿轮 上; 对变速系统来 讲, 两齿轮 Z47A和 Z47B的轴向移动必须同步反向进行。
第一次轴向摆渡结束后将进行径向摆渡,此后主动齿轮 Z47A和从动齿轮 Z47B只有绕自 身轴线的转动, 而变速主轴除了绕自身轴线转动, 还有向主动齿轮 Z47A或从动齿轮 Z47B 轴线的平移运动; 变速主轴的轴线位于主动齿轮 Z47A轴线及从动齿轮 Z47B轴线之间, 三条 轴线相互平行且在一个平面内。
图 4是自动变速器的外观图, 其输入轴 33、 输出轴 38安装在箱体的两侧, 变速器 箱体由箱身 34、 箱底 35、 箱盖 41和顶盖 43组成, 这四部分通过相应的螺栓 42联接在 一起; 调挡控制器 39安装在箱体一侧, 并通过离合器拉线 36连接在输出端离合器 37 上。
图 5是自动变速器揭去箱盖和顶盖后的内部视图: 箱身 34上滑动地卡装着输入端 轴向摆渡架 44A、 输出端轴向摆渡架 44B和径向摆渡架 47 ; 这三个活动部件上分别安装 有输入端轴向摆渡架螺杆 48A、 输出端轴向摆渡架螺杆 48B和径向摆渡架螺杆 46; 三根 螺杆的轴端分别连接在调挡控制器 39上。径向摆渡架螺杆 46通过方螺母 45作用在径向 摆渡架 47的斜轨道上; 两螺杆 48A、 48B螺距相等、 旋向相反, 通过同步带 49联系在一
起, 在工作中始终保持同步转动, 输入端轴向摆渡架 44A和输出端轴向摆渡架 44B运动 方向相反。
图 6是自动变速器箱体剖开后的视图: 主动齿轮 Z47A安装在输入端轴向摆渡架 44A 上, 输入轴花键 33A穿在主动齿轮 Z47A的花键孔中; 输入端轴向摆渡架 44A上方的螺孔 中插装着输入端轴向摆渡架螺杆 48A的螺紋部分。
径向摆渡架 47上安装着变速主轴 54 ,变速主轴 54上安装有摆渡齿轮组和传动齿轮 组, 传动齿轮组各齿轮的齿数构成等差数列; 传动齿轮与摆渡齿轮间隔布置, 其上的每 一个齿轮可以选择地与主动齿轮 Z47A啮合; 径向摆渡架 47—端还安装有小齿轮组 55 , 通 过这个装置可把变速主轴 54的运动传递到小花键轴 56上, 其传动比为 1 ; 当变速主轴 54运转时, 小花键轴 56与其同步等角速转动。 箱底 35上安转了定挡器 53 , 其上的滑动 齿板和装在径向摆渡架 47上的齿板 47A配合使用, 可以把径向摆渡架 47固定在正确的 位置上。
图 Ί是径向摆渡架及其附件的拆分图, 图中径向摆渡架 47上只安装了变速主轴轴 体 57 , 这是一根阶梯轴, 其上有固定齿轮的一组平键。 小传动轴 60—端连接在轴体 57 的孔中, 另一端穿过端盖 58中心的孔, 与小齿轮组 55下方的齿轮相连接; 小齿轮组 55 安装在小齿轮摆架 59上, 其上方的小齿轮与小花键轴 56相连。
径向摆渡架 47顶部加工有一条斜轨道 47C , 其与方螺母 45底部的斜槽相配合, 方 螺母 45安装在径向摆渡架螺杆 46上; 径向摆渡架 47底部对称的安装了左侧齿板 47A 和右侧齿板 47B , 其与定挡器 53配合使用, 定挡器 53上的的左侧滑动齿板 53A和右侧 滑动齿板 53B可以同步伸缩, 53C是连接两滑动齿板 53A、 53B拉线的出口。
图 8 是调挡控制器的拆分图, 调挡控制器由座体 39A与盒盖 39B两部分构成外壳, 其内部装有调挡拨叉 62 ; 拨叉轴 63两端分别接正向调挡电磁铁 40A和反向调挡电磁铁 40B; 两电磁铁都安装在外壳上。 外壳上还固定着凸轮挺杆座 61A , 其内部装有弹簧, 凸 轮挺杆 61装于其中;小花键轴 56安装在壳体中部,其上滑动地安装着反向调挡齿轮 64B。
图 9是图 8中调挡控制器主要部件的结构分解图; 其中 61是凸轮挺杆; 62是调挡 拨叉; 64A是正向调挡齿轮; 64B是反向调挡齿轮; 62A是中间圆轮; 70A是正向调挡偏 心凸轮; 70B是反向调挡偏心凸轮; 调挡齿轮 64A和 64B是两个相同的不完全齿轮; 偏 心凸轮 7 OA和 70B结构相同, 凸轮一边有轮缘, 轮缘上加工有一个缺口, 缺口处有平滑 倒角。
图中 10个小齿轮分别是: 径向正调小齿轮 65A、 径向反调小齿 65B、 左端轴向螺杆 小齿轮 66A、 右端轴向螺杆小齿轮 66B、 左端中间小齿轮 67A、 右端中间小齿轮 67B、 左 端轴向正调小齿轮 68A、 左端轴向反调小齿轮 68B、 右端轴向正调小齿轮 69A、 右端轴向 反调小齿轮 69B; 图中三组小齿轮 65A和 65B、 68A和 68B、 69A和 69B为宽齿半啮合的
齿轮组。
图 10 (a)、 (b)、 (c)是调挡控制器的工作原理图, 这里以图 9中的径向正调小齿轮 65A和径向反调小齿 65B为例, 说明正、 反向调挡的原理。 小齿轮 65A、 65B就是所说的 "宽齿半啮合" 的情形: 两个小齿轮相互啮合, 并在轴向错开大于小齿轮一半齿宽的距 离
(a)图是自动变速器在固定挡位运行时的状况; 此时凸轮挺杆 61位于正向调挡偏心 凸轮 70A和反向调挡偏心凸轮 70B之间的中间圆轮 62A上, 不与任何一个凸轮接触; 正 向调挡齿轮 64A和反向调挡齿轮 64B也不与任何一个调挡小齿轮 65A或 65B接触。
上述 5个部件 64B、 70B、 62A、 70A、 64A联为一体组成调挡滑块, 可以左右水平移 动。
(b)图是正向调挡的情形, 调挡滑块左移, 使凸轮挺杆 61通过凸轮 70A轮缘上的缺 口, 正向调挡齿轮 64A与径向正调小齿轮 65A啮合, 与小齿轮 65A相连的螺杆轴 46B正 向转动; 此时凸轮挺杆 61在正向调挡偏心凸轮 70A上滑动。
(c)图是反向调挡的情形, 调挡滑块右移, 反向调挡齿轮 64B与径向反调小齿轮 65B 啮合, 运动需要经小齿轮 65A传递, 因此螺杆轴 46B反向旋转; 此时凸轮挺杆 61在反向 调挡偏心凸轮 70B上滑动。
图 11是调挡偏心凸轮的工作原理图,本图只保留了齿轮块右侧的正向调挡齿轮 64A 和正向调挡偏心凸轮 7 OA;
根据前面所述自动变速器的结构特点, 结合图 4 , 主、 从动齿轮 Z47A、 Z47B在进行轴 向摆渡时, 齿轮之间有相对滑动, 如果负载比较大, 强行移动就会磨损齿轮; 为解决这 个问题, 在输出轴 38处设输出端离合器 37 , 当变速器调节挡位时, 利用调挡控制器 39 内部的调挡偏心凸轮 70A或 70B推动凸轮挺杆 61、 经离合器拉线 36的作用, 将输出轴 38的输出动力中断一个瞬间, 以减小齿面间的载荷, 待调挡结束后再恢复动力的正常输 出。
一次换挡动作包括两次轴向摆渡运动和一次径向摆渡运动, 这个过程必须完整, 否 则会引起摆渡架 44A、 44B、 46位置错乱; 此外, 正向调挡齿轮 64A的齿必须在未和三个 小齿轮 68A、 68A、 69A之一啮合之前进入如图 10 ( b )所示的工作位置。
本图中正向调挡齿轮 64A和正向调挡偏心凸轮 7 OA联为一体, 其对称中线 03C3、 03C4 重合, 两轮沿箭头所指方向同步转动时, 只有当调挡偏心凸轮 70A轮缘上的缺口转至凸 轮挺杆 61处时, 两轮才能沿其轴线方向移动并通过缺口。
结合图 10 (a)、 (b) ,当两轮 64A和 70A由(a)图位置到(b)图位置, 完成两次轴向摆 渡和一次径向摆渡后, 等缺口再次转到凸轮挺杆 61处时, 两轮 64A和 70A将由(b)图位 置返回到(a)图位置并结束工作。
在进行上述轴向摆渡和径向摆渡的过程中, 由于偏心凸轮 70A、 7 OB轮缘上的缺口 转离了凸轮挺杆 61 ,在轮缘的作用下,调挡滑块不能随意水平移动,即使调挡电磁铁 40A、 40B因故断电, 也只能等缺口再次转到凸轮挺杆 61处时调挡滑块才能移动, 这种措施保 证了摆渡运动的完整性。
图 12 (a)、 (b)、 (c)是调挡齿轮的工作原理图, 调挡齿轮 64A是一种不完全齿轮, 它的齿数决定于对其工作转角 θ X的要求,所说的工作转角是指调挡齿轮 64A在(a)图所 示刚开始工作的位置到(b)图刚结束工作的位置所对应的角度。
(c)图是应用在本实施例自动变速器中的一个双作用摆渡齿轮; 图(b)中所标工作转 角 θ χ 的值必须等于摆渡齿轮的进程径向摆渡区间角 Θ ( 34_38 )和返程径向摆渡区间角 Θ 在实际应用中, 两次轴向摆渡需要在轴向摆渡区间角 β 34和 β 38内完成, 调挡齿轮的 轴向摆渡工作转角要求小于这两个角度值; 在本实施例中, θ χ = θ ( 34_38 ) = Θ ( 38_34 ) = 72 。 , β 34 = β 38 = 108° > Ί 1。 , 因此不需要再为轴向摆渡单设调挡齿轮, 其与径向摆渡共 用一个调挡齿轮 64Α即可。
(c)图所示摆渡齿轮的两段轴向摆渡齿的中线 02Χ3和 0 间隔 180。 角, 径向摆渡齿 中线位处两者正中间, 因此在图(a)、 (b)中, 左端轴向正调小齿轮 68A、 径向正调小齿 轮 65A、 右端轴向正调小齿轮 69A分别间隔 90° 角布置。
这种机械式自动变速器如果应用在汽车上, 可以满足不同行驶条件对牵引力的需 要, 使发动机尽量工作在有利的工况下, 较好的满足可能的行驶速度要求, 因此具有节 能和环保的有益效果。
Claims
权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种摆渡齿轮, 其特征在于: 所述摆渡齿轮是非圆的直齿轮或斜 齿轮, 其轮齿由两段轴向摆渡齿和两段径向摆渡齿构成, 顺序依次是: 轴向摆渡齿大齿轮段、 进程径向摆渡齿、 轴向摆渡齿小齿轮段、 返程径 向摆渡齿; 所述摆渡齿轮的节线由轴向摆渡齿大齿轮段节圆圆弧(B^)、 进程径向摆渡齿节线(AiPA 轴向摆渡齿小齿轮段节圆圆弧 、 返 程径向摆渡齿节线(A2P2B2)依次连接组成。
2. 如权利要求 1所述摆渡齿轮, 其特征在于: 所述摆渡齿轮是 作 用摆渡齿轮, 其进程径向摆渡齿节线 上的动点 Pi和返程径向摆 渡齿节线( A2P2B2 )上的动点 P2的连线经过轮心( 0 ),并且满足 I I = m(Zl+z2) /2; 所述进程径向摆渡齿节线 的参数方程是:
Γ X=〔 mzj/ 2+ (mz2 Θ -mz1 θ) /2 γ〕 cos θ
1 Υ= Cmz1/2+(mz20-mz10) /2 γ ] sin0
其中, m是齿轮模数, 是小齿轮齿数, z2是大齿轮齿数, γ是径 向摆渡区间角; Θ是角度变量, 其参数值取值范围是 0 < θ < γ。
3.—种摆渡齿轮组, 其特征在于: 由一组权利要求 1或 2所述的摆 渡齿轮( Ζ (30/34)、 ^(34/38)、 ^(38/42) ·· -…)顺序排列而成, 每个所述摆渡齿轮的 进程径向摆渡起始角( ^、 φ3、 φ5...... )处于各自对称中心线的同一侧, 返程径向摆渡起始角( φ2、 φ4、 φ6...... )处于各自对称中心线的另一侧, 进程径向摆渡区间角 ( Θ ( 30-34 )、 ^ ( 34-38 )、 ^ ( 38-42 ) ·' ,·… )相等, 返程径 向摆渡区间角 ( Θ ( 34-30 )、 U ( 38-34 )、 ^ ( 42-38 ) · -… )相等。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的摆渡齿轮组, 其特征在于: 所述摆渡齿轮的 个数是 1到 18个。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的摆渡齿轮组, 其特征在于: 所述摆渡齿轮的 个数是 5到 10个
6.—种自动变速器, 包括箱身 (34 ) 、 箱底(35 ) 、 箱盖 (41 )和 顶盖 (43 ) 、 输入轴(33 ) 、 变速主轴(54 ) 、 输出轴(38 ) 、 主动齿 轮( Ζ47Α )、从动齿轮( Ζ47Β )和控制装置,其特征在于: 所述变速主轴( 54 ) 上的齿轮组 (Ζ3。、 Ζ (30/34)、 Ζ34、 Ζ (34/38)、 Ζ38、 Ζ (38/42)、 Ζ42...... ) 由传动齿轮
组(Z3。、 Z34、 Z38、 Z42...... )和权利要求 3所述的摆渡齿轮组间隔布置构 成; 所述变速主轴位于输入轴和输出轴之间, 三个轴的轴线在同一个平 面内且相互平行; 在箱身 (34) 的上下轨道面上滑动地安装着径向摆渡 架(47) 、 输入端轴向摆渡架 (44A)和输出端轴向摆渡架 (44B) ; 所 述变速主轴安装在径向摆渡架( 47 )上,主动齿轮( Z47A )和从动齿轮( Z47B ) 分别固定在输入端轴向摆渡架(44A)和输出端轴向摆渡架 (44B)上; 主动齿轮( Z47A )和从动齿轮( Z47B )滑动地套在输入轴( 33 )和输出轴( 38 ) 的花键轴上, 并选择性地与变速主轴上的齿轮组啮合; 所述箱盖 (41) 顶部有槽, 槽中滑动地安装着方螺母(45) 。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的自动变速器, 其特征在于: 所述径向摆渡架 (47)底部装有左侧齿板(47A)和右侧齿板(47B) , 其顶部是一条斜 轨道(47C) , 所述方螺母(45)底部有一斜槽, 该斜槽与斜轨道(47C) 配合构成滑动副; 所述箱底(35)底部安装有定挡器 (53) , 所述定挡 器上的左侧滑动齿板(53A)和右侧滑动齿板(53B) 的齿距与左侧齿板
(47A) 、 右侧齿板(47B) 的齿距相等; 所述径向摆渡架 (47)上变速 主轴(5 大端一侧设有主轴端盖 (58) ; 小传动轴(60)—端插装在 变速主轴轴体(57) 的孔中, 另一端穿过主轴端盖 (58) 中心的孔连接 在小齿轮组(55) 下方的齿轮上; 小齿轮组(55) 固定在小齿轮组摆架
(59)上, 其上方的小齿轮连接在小花键轴(56)上。
8. 如权利要求 6所述的自动变速器, 其特征在于: 所述控制装置包 括安装在箱体上的调挡控制器( 39 )、输出端离合器( 37 )、 定挡器( 53 ) 和螺杆驱动装置。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的自动变速器, 其特征在于: 所述螺杆驱动装 置包括输入端轴向摆渡架螺杆(48A) 、 输出端轴向摆渡架螺杆(48B) 和径向摆渡架螺杆(46) , 所述的三根螺杆(48A、 48B、 46) 的轴端分 别连接在调挡控制器(39)上; 所述输入端轴向摆渡架螺杆(48A) 、 输 出端轴向摆渡架螺杆(48B)通过同步带(49)连接在一起, 所述两螺杆
(48A、 48B) 的螺距相等、 旋向相反, 两螺杆螺纹部分别插装在输入端 轴向摆渡架 (44A)和输入端轴向摆渡架(44B) 的螺孔中; 所述径向摆 渡架螺杆(46) 的螺纹插装在方螺母(45) 的螺孔中。
10. 如权利要求 8所述的自动变速器, 其特征在于: 所述调挡控制器 ( 39 )设置在变速器外壳上, 所述调挡控制器内部装有调挡滑块和调挡 小齿轮组; 所述外壳两侧分别装有正向调挡电磁铁 (40A)和反向调挡电 磁铁(40B), 两电磁铁之间装拨叉轴 (63), 拨叉轴两端分别接在两调挡 电磁铁(40A、 40B) 上, 拨叉轴中部装有调挡拨叉(62); 所述外壳上固 定有凸轮挺杆座(61A), 凸轮挺杆 (61)通过弹簧安装在凸轮挺杆座中; 所述调挡滑块滑动地安装在小花键轴 (56) 上。
11. 如权利要求 10所述的自动变速器, 其特征在于: 所述调挡滑块 包括固联在一起的正向调挡齿轮(64A) 、 正向调挡偏心凸轮(70A) 、 中间圆轮(62A) 、 反向调挡偏心凸轮(70B) 和反向调挡齿轮(64B) ; 所述正向、 反向调挡齿轮(64A、 64B)是结构相同的不完全齿轮, 其工 作转角( ΘΧ)与摆渡齿轮(Z04/38) )的径向摆渡区间角( Θ , 34-38) , Θ ( 38-34) ) 相等; 两个调挡偏心凸轮( 70A、 70B) 结构相同, 每个凸轮的一侧都有 轮缘, 在轮缘上加工出缺口, 在缺口处有平滑倒角; 所述的正向调挡齿 轮和 (64A) 的对称中线 (03C3)和正向调挡偏心凸轮(70A) 的对称中线 ( 03C4 ) 重合。
12. 如权利要求 10所述的自动变速器, 其特征在于: 所述调挡小齿 轮组包括径向正调小齿轮(65A)、 径向反调小齿 (65B)、 左端轴向螺杆 小齿轮(66A)、 右端轴向螺杆小齿轮(66B)、 左端中间小齿轮(67A)、 右端中间小齿轮(67B)、 左端轴向正调小齿轮(68A)、 左端轴向反调小 齿轮(68B)、 右端轴向正调小齿轮(69A)和右端轴向反调小齿轮(69B), 所述的径向正调小齿轮 (65A)和径向反调小齿(65B)、 左端轴向正调小 齿轮(68A)和左端轴向反调小齿轮(68B)、 右端轴向正调小齿轮(69A) 和左端轴向反调小齿轮( 68B )构成三组拨挡小齿轮组( 65A和 65B )、 ( 68A 和 68B)、 (69A和 69B), 每组的两个小齿轮相互啮合, 并在轴向错开大于 小齿轮一半齿宽的距离; 所述的径向正调小齿轮( 65A)、 左端轴向螺杆 小齿轮(66A) 和右端轴向螺杆小齿轮(66B) 分别安装在径向摆渡架螺 杆(46)、 输出端轴向摆渡架螺杆(48B)和输入端轴向摆渡架螺杆(48A) 的轴端。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3585874A (en) * | 1969-08-22 | 1971-06-22 | Hallden Machine Co | Energy-balanced drive of a cyclically surging rotary system |
| JP2000081112A (ja) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-03-21 | Showa Eng:Kk | 歯車、歯車機構、及び歯車の製造方法 |
| CN1506596A (zh) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-06-23 | 侯天峰 | 脚踏人力车、人力机械齿盘 |
| CN1651808A (zh) * | 2004-02-02 | 2005-08-10 | 杨斌彬 | 不间断动力的齿轮变速器 |
| CN100451400C (zh) * | 2004-09-18 | 2009-01-14 | 杨斌彬 | 不间断动力的齿轮变速器 |
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- 2010-08-20 WO PCT/CN2010/076179 patent/WO2011020443A1/zh not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3585874A (en) * | 1969-08-22 | 1971-06-22 | Hallden Machine Co | Energy-balanced drive of a cyclically surging rotary system |
| JP2000081112A (ja) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-03-21 | Showa Eng:Kk | 歯車、歯車機構、及び歯車の製造方法 |
| CN1506596A (zh) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-06-23 | 侯天峰 | 脚踏人力车、人力机械齿盘 |
| CN1651808A (zh) * | 2004-02-02 | 2005-08-10 | 杨斌彬 | 不间断动力的齿轮变速器 |
| CN100451400C (zh) * | 2004-09-18 | 2009-01-14 | 杨斌彬 | 不间断动力的齿轮变速器 |
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