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WO2011098642A1 - Integrated energy harnessing system - Google Patents

Integrated energy harnessing system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011098642A1
WO2011098642A1 PCT/ES2011/000033 ES2011000033W WO2011098642A1 WO 2011098642 A1 WO2011098642 A1 WO 2011098642A1 ES 2011000033 W ES2011000033 W ES 2011000033W WO 2011098642 A1 WO2011098642 A1 WO 2011098642A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microalgae
solar
unit
energy
energy use
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2011/000033
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Antonio Francisco Marcilla Gomis
Angela Nuria Garcia
Juan Carlos Garcia
Miriam Lopez Pastor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad de Alicante
Original Assignee
Universidad de Alicante
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad de Alicante filed Critical Universidad de Alicante
Publication of WO2011098642A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011098642A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/001—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having photovoltaic cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
    • F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
    • F03G6/045—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous by producing an updraft of heated gas or a downdraft of cooled gas, e.g. air driving an engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/068—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/62—Application for desalination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/131—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines by means of vertical structures, i.e. chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/24—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling for draft enhancement in chimneys, using solar or other heat sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/141—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of renewable energy, and more specifically to systems that combine the use of different types of renewable energy.
  • the main object of the present invention is an integral system of use of renewable energies that combines solar, wind and biomass energy.
  • solar distillers are widely known devices for obtaining fresh water from salt water and, despite their long history, patents related to these devices continue to be published.
  • the production of fresh water obtained in a solar distiller depends on the heat used by the water for its evaporation, which in turn depends on different parameters, such as the type of distiller, its orientation, the solar radiation that reaches it, the transmittance of the cover or the thickness of the salt water layer inside. In general, it can be considered that the production of fresh water in solar distillers ranges from 3-5L / m 2 day.
  • the aforementioned technical problem is solved by providing a system that combines and integrates different facilities for using renewable energy so that the energy obtained per unit is considerably optimized. Of surface.
  • This system especially suitable for geographical areas where the supply of drinking water is a problem, and whose land cost is low, includes:
  • a solar chimney preferably between 500 and 1000m high, at the base of which it has a large concentric greenhouse, open to the outside throughout its perimeter, and which has an upper cover of transparent material adapted to allow the passage of solar radiation , Y
  • variable number of solar distillers installed on the floor of the greenhouse, adapted to obtain fresh water from salt water through inlet and outlet ducts connected to the general supply and collection network.
  • This hot air in its upward passage through the chimney, rotates air turbines arranged in its lower part, which are connected to a main generator producing electrical energy. In this way the conversion of solar and wind energy into electrical energy is achieved.
  • the distillers have photovoltaic solar panels for obtaining electrical energy from the solar radiation received.
  • Said solar panels preferably located on the rear face of the distillers, are properly installed in both orientation and inclination to maximize their performance.
  • These photovoltaic solar panels can be connected to the main generator of the solar chimney, or to an independent generator.
  • two types of solar distillers are preferably contemplated, some with their vertical rear face, and others with their inclined rear face for greater absorption of the solar energy received in the photovoltaic solar panel.
  • their base and / or their back face are preferably made of an opaque material, so that they absorb more solar radiation, increasing their temperature.
  • distillators cultivate microalgae inside them, for the use of biomass energy .
  • microalgae A double benefit can be obtained from these microalgae: on the one hand, useful fractions and natural products of interest (proteins, lipids, cellulose, oil for possible biofuels, etc.) are obtained; and on the other hand, it is possible to obtain electrical energy by means of a secondary generator, from the combustion of the microalgae residues, or of the microalgae itself.
  • said microalgae should be species that support the different temperature ranges within the greenhouse.
  • microalgae species whose residence time in the distillers will be adjusted and coupled while each salt water charge remains before evaporation will preferably be sought.
  • auxiliary equipment such as pumps, compressors, pipes, valves, control systems, etc., necessary for the proper functioning of the system.
  • Figure 1. Shows a general view of the integral system of energy use object of the invention.
  • Figure 2. Shows a plan view of the integral system of energy use.
  • Figure 3. Shows a side view of the integral system of energy use object of the invention.
  • Figures 4A and 4B.- They show perspective and side views of a solar distiller with its vertical rear wall, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 5A and 5B.- They show perspective and side views of a solar distiller with its inclined back wall, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6.- Shows a schematic view of the equipment involved in the cultivation of microalgae.
  • Figure 7.- Shows a table showing technical characteristics of the integral system of energy use in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8.- Shows a table where the energy values obtained in a solar tower are appreciated using the integral system of energy use object of the invention.
  • the integral energy utilization system comprises:
  • Said solar distillers (20) are facing south to take full advantage of the incident solar radiation.
  • its upper face is inclined at an angle between 10 and 25 ° to facilitate the collection of fresh water.
  • solar distillers (20) have photovoltaic solar panels (30) on their backs, taking advantage of the incident solar energy to convert it into electrical energy.
  • Said photovoltaic panels (30) can be connected to the main generator (14) of the solar chimney (10), or to an independent generator.
  • solar distillers (20) it is expected that their base and back face are made of an opaque and black material, so that they absorb more solar radiation.
  • the latter cultivate microalgae inside, from which it is obtained a double use: on the one hand the obtaining of useful fractions and natural products of interest (proteins, lipids, cellulose, oil for possible biofuels, etc.), and on the other hand, the production of electrical energy by means of a secondary generator (48) , from the combustion of microalgae residues, or microalgae itself, which are burned in a boiler (47).
  • solar distillers (20) can be replaced by secondary bioreactors, also installed on the greenhouse floor. (11) for the cultivation of microalgae, without obtaining fresh water, also presenting photovoltaic solar panels (30) for the use of incident solar energy.
  • microalgae culture in solar distillers (20) or in secondary bioreactors requires the installation of a series of equipment (40) shown in Figure 6, located in an area outside the greenhouse (11), which comprise at least :
  • a separation unit which separates the solid microalgae by decantation, flocculation or centrifugation techniques, and which has filtration means to separate the solid matter from the liquid, from the microalgae,
  • conditioning unit (44) adapted to control and adjust different variables of the liquid matter from the separation unit (43), so that said liquid matter can serve as inoculum of the primary bioreactor (42),
  • microalgae harvesting unit (45) that links the separation unit (43) and the conditioning unit (44) with the carbon source supply unit (41), thus starting a new cycle of energy use biomass
  • control unit not represented, that controls and automates fluid circulation.
  • the source of carbon that feeds the microalgae, from the supply unit (41) can be C0 2 , gas chimney, or a bicarbonate solution generated in a CO2 absorber from a solution of sodium carbonate pumped into it by an automated process.
  • the utilization unit (45) comprises at least one treatment unit (46), in which a series of operations are carried out in order to obtain the greatest possible amount of useful products (proteins) , lipids, cellulose, etc.) from the solid matter of the microalgae. Additionally, said utilization unit (45) may further comprise: a boiler (47), adapted to burn the residues of the microalgae not used in the treatment unit (46), or the microalgae itself, whose combustion gases are conducted to the supply unit (41) of the carbon source, and
  • FIG. 7 shows a table showing technical characteristics of the integral system of energy use according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, reflecting the number of distillers installed on the surface of the greenhouse (11) depending on its length and distance of separation between them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device that combines and integrates the use of solar, wind and biomass energy in the area occupied by a solar tower, such as to obtain a greater energy yield per unit of area. The system comprises a solar chimney, preferably between 500 and 1000 meters high, the lower end of which includes a greenhouse having a variable number of solar stills, suitable for obtaining fresh water from salt water, installed on the floor thereof. According to the invention, the solar stills include photovoltaic solar panels for greater harnessing of the incident solar energy. In addition, in order to maximize the performance of the solar stills, it may be possible for microalgae to be grown inside the stills in order to harness biomass energy.

Description

SISTEMA INTEGRAL DE APROVECHAMIENTO ENERGÉTICO  INTEGRAL ENERGY USE SYSTEM

D E S C R I P C I O N D E S C R I P C I O N

OBJETO DE LA INVENCION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención pertenece al campo de las energías renovables, y más concretamente a sistemas que combinan el aprovechamiento de diferentes tipos de energías renovables. The present invention belongs to the field of renewable energy, and more specifically to systems that combine the use of different types of renewable energy.

El objeto principal de la presente invención es un sistema integral de aprovechamiento de energías renovables que combina la energía solar, eólica y biomasa. The main object of the present invention is an integral system of use of renewable energies that combines solar, wind and biomass energy.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

En las últimas décadas se viene planteando la posibilidad del diseño e instalación de grandes chimeneas o torres solares que aprovechan la energía solar basándose en el poder ascensional del aire caliente. Dicho aire se calienta en unos invernaderos de grandes dimensiones y, en su ascenso a través de la chimenea, se hace pasar a través de unas turbinas donde se generan enormes cantidades de energía eléctrica. Podemos encontrar varias patentes relacionadas con distintas variantes de esta misma idea. Por ejemplo, en la patente US 4275309 el suelo del invernadero está cubierto por arena, roca, gravilla o cualquier otro material que absorba calor; o bien la patente WO 01/96740 que propone una torre formada por cámaras de calefacción del aire, con una zona más angosta (similar a un tubo de Venturi) en la parte inferior, con el fin de aumentar la velocidad del aire e incluye reflectores para dirigir los rayos solares hacia las cámaras calefactoras. A principio de los años 80 se construyó en Manzanares (Ciudad Real) una torre solar de 194.6m de altura, en el centro de una superficie circular cubierta, que actuaba de invernadero, de 244m de diámetro. El incremento de temperatura del aire entre la entrada (temperatura ambiente) y el colector era aproximadamente 20°C. Este dispositivo proporcionaba una potencia energética nominal de 50 kW. Hay proyectos en los que se plantea la construcción de dispositivos similares de tamaño muy superior (torre de 750 m de altura, invernadero de diámetro 2900 m y potencia nominal 50MW). In recent decades, the possibility of designing and installing large chimneys or solar towers that take advantage of solar energy based on the ascending power of hot air has been raised. This air is heated in large greenhouses and, as it rises through the chimney, is passed through turbines where huge amounts of electric power are generated. We can find several patents related to different variants of this same idea. For example, in US 4275309 the greenhouse floor is covered by sand, rock, gravel or any other material that absorbs heat; or WO 01/96740 which proposes a tower formed by air heating chambers, with a narrower zone (similar to a Venturi tube) at the bottom, in order to increase the air speed and includes reflectors to direct the sun's rays towards the heating chambers. At the beginning of the 80s a 194.6m high solar tower was built in Manzanares (Ciudad Real), in the center of a covered circular surface, acting as a greenhouse, 244m in diameter. The increase in air temperature between the inlet (ambient temperature) and the collector was approximately 20 ° C. This device provided a nominal power output of 50 kW. There are projects in which the construction of similar devices of much larger size is proposed (tower 750 m high, greenhouse with a diameter of 2900 m and nominal power 50MW).

Por otro lado, los destiladores solares son dispositivos ampliamente conocidos para la obtención de agua dulce a partir de agua salada y, a pesar de su larga trayectoria, en la actualidad se continúan publicando patentes relacionadas con estos dispositivos. La producción de agua dulce obtenida en un destilador solar depende del calor aprovechado por el agua para su evaporación, lo cual a su vez depende de distintos parámetros, tales como el tipo de destilador, su orientación, la radiación solar que le llega, la transmitancia de la cubierta o el espesor de la capa de agua salada en su interior. En general, se puede considerar que la producción de agua dulce en los destiladores solares oscila en un intervalo comprendido entre 3-5L/m2 día. On the other hand, solar distillers are widely known devices for obtaining fresh water from salt water and, despite their long history, patents related to these devices continue to be published. The production of fresh water obtained in a solar distiller depends on the heat used by the water for its evaporation, which in turn depends on different parameters, such as the type of distiller, its orientation, the solar radiation that reaches it, the transmittance of the cover or the thickness of the salt water layer inside. In general, it can be considered that the production of fresh water in solar distillers ranges from 3-5L / m 2 day.

Asimismo la utilización del suelo de los invernaderos, de las citadas chimeneas solares, para la producción de cultivos energéticos dedicados bien a la producción de biocombustibles o bien al abastecimiento de una planta de generación eléctrica por biomasa, también ha sido tema de estudio e investigación. El cultivo de microalgas, tanto en reactores abiertos como cerrados, se está postulando últimamente como una alternativa interesante a los cultivos energéticos. El aprovechamiento del poder calorífico de estos microorganismos, así como de los posibles productos de elevado valor añadido que pueden contener, hacen de estos procesos un tema de investigación y desarrollo muy atractivo. La patente con número de publicación WO2008142459 propone la construcción de una torre solar donde la mayor parte de la superficie bajo el invernadero esté cubierta de agua salada. La radiación solar y la circulación del aire producirán la evaporación del agua que puede ser recogida en puntos intermedios de la chimenea y utilizada para distintos fines. Sin embargo, la viabilidad de esta propuesta es cuestionable, ya que el calor consumido en la evaporación del agua impide la calefacción del aire hasta las temperaturas alcanzadas en ausencia de agua, con lo que la ascensión del aire por la torre no está en absoluto garantizada. La patente CN 101358578 (A) también pretende desalinizar agua de mar aprovechando una torre solar. La descripción dada no permite distinguir si se trata de un desalinizador cerrado o abierto. Por último, la implantación de paneles solares para la obtención de energía eléctrica basada en el efecto fotovoltaico se viene incrementando en los últimos años y aunque la principal barrera para su desarrollo es de carácter económico, las perspectivas favorables de evolución tecnológica y económica, permiten predecir mejoras muy relevantes a medio plazo. Likewise, the use of the soil of the greenhouses, of the aforementioned solar chimneys, for the production of energy crops dedicated either to the production of biofuels or to the supply of a biomass power generation plant, has also been the subject of study and research. The cultivation of microalgae, both in open and closed reactors, is being postulated lately as an interesting alternative to energy crops. The use of the calorific value of these microorganisms, as well as the possible products of high added value that they may contain, make these processes a very attractive research and development issue. The patent with publication number WO2008142459 proposes the construction of a solar tower where most of the surface under the greenhouse is covered with salt water. Solar radiation and air circulation will produce the evaporation of water that can be collected at intermediate points in the chimney and used for different purposes. However, the viability of this proposal is questionable, since the heat consumed in the evaporation of the water prevents the heating of the air to the temperatures reached in the absence of water, so that the ascent of the air through the tower is not guaranteed at all. . CN patent 101358578 (A) also intends to desalinate seawater using a solar tower. The description given does not distinguish whether it is a closed or open desalination plant. Finally, the introduction of solar panels to obtain electrical energy based on the photovoltaic effect has been increasing in recent years and although the main barrier to its development is of an economic nature, the favorable prospects of technological and economic evolution allow us to predict Very relevant improvements in the medium term.

El problema técnico que se plantea es que tanto la instalación de torres solares como de paneles solares fotovoltaicos requiere grandes superficies de terreno para poder obtener rendimientos energéticos interesantes, con lo que se hace necesario maximizar y optimizar el aprovechamiento energético obtenido a partir de dichas instalaciones. The technical problem that arises is that both the installation of solar towers and photovoltaic solar panels requires large areas of land to obtain interesting energy yields, which makes it necessary to maximize and optimize the energy use obtained from these facilities.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Mediante la presente invención se resuelve el problema técnico anteriormente planteado proporcionando un sistema que combina e integra diferentes instalaciones de aprovechamiento de energías renovables de manera que se optimiza considerablemente la potencia energética obtenida por unidad de superficie. By means of the present invention, the aforementioned technical problem is solved by providing a system that combines and integrates different facilities for using renewable energy so that the energy obtained per unit is considerably optimized. Of surface.

Más concretamente, mediante el sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético, objeto de invención, se consigue obtener un mayor beneficio energético de la superficie ocupada por una torre solar, combinando el aprovechamiento de energía solar, eólica y biomasa. Dicho sistema, especialmente indicado para zonas geográficas donde el abastecimiento de agua potable suponga un problema, y cuyo coste de terreno sea bajo, comprende: More specifically, through the integral system of energy use, object of the invention, it is possible to obtain a greater energy benefit from the surface occupied by a solar tower, combining the use of solar, wind and biomass energy. This system, especially suitable for geographical areas where the supply of drinking water is a problem, and whose land cost is low, includes:

- una chimenea solar, preferentemente entre 500 y 1000m de altura, en cuya base presenta un invernadero concéntrico de grandes dimensiones, abierto al exterior en todo su perímetro, y que dispone de una cubierta superior de material transparente adaptada para permitir el paso de radiación solar, y - a solar chimney, preferably between 500 and 1000m high, at the base of which it has a large concentric greenhouse, open to the outside throughout its perimeter, and which has an upper cover of transparent material adapted to allow the passage of solar radiation , Y

- un número variable de destiladores solares, instalados sobre el suelo del invernadero, adaptados para obtener agua dulce a partir de agua salada mediante unos conductos de entrada y salida conectados a la red general tanto de suministro como de recogida. - a variable number of solar distillers, installed on the floor of the greenhouse, adapted to obtain fresh water from salt water through inlet and outlet ducts connected to the general supply and collection network.

El aire frío exterior entra en el invernadero por su extremo perimetral, este aire es calentado al incidir sobre él la luz solar, y avanza hacia la base de la chimenea aumentando gradualmente su temperatura (puede llegar incluso hasta los 50 °C). Este aire caliente, en su paso ascendente a través de la chimenea hace girar unas turbinas de aire dispuestas en su parte inferior, las cuales están conectadas a un generador principal produciendo energía eléctrica. De esta manera se consigue la conversión de energía solar y eólica en energía eléctrica. The outside cold air enters the greenhouse at its perimeter end, this air is heated by sunlight, and advances towards the base of the chimney gradually increasing its temperature (it can even reach 50 ° C). This hot air, in its upward passage through the chimney, rotates air turbines arranged in its lower part, which are connected to a main generator producing electrical energy. In this way the conversion of solar and wind energy into electrical energy is achieved.

Preferentemente los destiladores disponen de unos paneles solares fotovoltaicos para la obtención de energía eléctrica a partir de la radiación solar recibida. Dichos paneles solares, preferentemente ubicados en la cara posterior de los destiladores, se encuentran instalados adecuadamente tanto en orientación como en inclinación para maximizar su rendimiento. Estos paneles solares fotovoltaicos pueden ir conectados al generador principal de la chimenea solar, o a un generador independiente. Asimismo, preferentemente se contemplan dos tipos de destiladores solares, unos con su cara posterior vertical, y otros con su cara posterior inclinada para una mayor absorción de la energía solar recibida en el panel solar fotovoltaico. Preferably, the distillers have photovoltaic solar panels for obtaining electrical energy from the solar radiation received. Said solar panels, preferably located on the rear face of the distillers, are properly installed in both orientation and inclination to maximize their performance. These photovoltaic solar panels can be connected to the main generator of the solar chimney, or to an independent generator. Likewise, two types of solar distillers are preferably contemplated, some with their vertical rear face, and others with their inclined rear face for greater absorption of the solar energy received in the photovoltaic solar panel.

Se ha previsto que para optimizar aún más si cabe la eficiencia de los destiladores solares, su base y/o su cara posterior estén fabricados preferentemente en un material opaco, de manera que absorban mayor radiación solar, aumentando su temperatura. It is envisioned that in order to further optimize the efficiency of solar distillers, their base and / or their back face are preferably made of an opaque material, so that they absorb more solar radiation, increasing their temperature.

De acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención, y con objeto de aprovechar al máximo toda la superficie cubierta por los destiladores solares dentro del invernadero, se contempla la posibilidad de que dichos destiladores cultiven en su interior microalgas, para el aprovechamiento de energía de biomasa. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, and in order to take full advantage of the entire surface covered by the solar distillers inside the greenhouse, the possibility is contemplated that said distillators cultivate microalgae inside them, for the use of biomass energy .

De estas microalgas se puede conseguir un doble beneficio: por un lado se obtienen fracciones útiles y productos naturales de interés (proteínas, lípidos, celulosa, aceite para posibles biocombustibles, etc.); y por otro lado, es posible obtener energía eléctrica mediante un generador secundario, a partir de la combustión de los residuos de microalgas, o de las microalgas en sí. Preferentemente, dichas microalgas deben ser especies que soporten los distintos rangos de temperaturas existentes en el interior del invernadero. Además, preferentemente se buscarán especies de microalgas cuyo tiempo de residencia en los destiladores se ajuste y acople al tiempo que permanece cada carga de agua salada antes de su evaporación. A double benefit can be obtained from these microalgae: on the one hand, useful fractions and natural products of interest (proteins, lipids, cellulose, oil for possible biofuels, etc.) are obtained; and on the other hand, it is possible to obtain electrical energy by means of a secondary generator, from the combustion of the microalgae residues, or of the microalgae itself. Preferably, said microalgae should be species that support the different temperature ranges within the greenhouse. In addition, microalgae species whose residence time in the distillers will be adjusted and coupled while each salt water charge remains before evaporation will preferably be sought.

Por último, el sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético aquí descrito incluirá todos aquellos equipos auxiliares, tales como bombas, compresores, tuberías, válvulas, sistemas de control, etc., necesarios para un correcto funcionamiento del sistema. Finally, the integral system of energy use described here will include all auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, compressors, pipes, valves, control systems, etc., necessary for the proper functioning of the system.

De esta manera se combinan cuatro proyectos en uno. Cabe citar que todos los procesos de aprovechamiento energético descritos son independientes, coexisten en el mismo espacio para aprovechar la máxima fracción posible de energía solar incidente, pero ninguno de ellos reduce ni potencia la efectividad de los otros. Por tanto, mediante el sistema integral de la presente invención se consigue obtener un mayor aprovechamiento energético por unidad de superficie, añadiendo a la potencia generada por la chimenea solar, la que se obtiene a partir de la biomasa cultivada y la de los paneles solares fotovoltaicos de los destiladores solares, además del aprovechamiento adicional asociado a la obtención de agua dulce. In this way four projects are combined in one. It is worth mentioning that all the described processes of energy use are independent, coexist in the same space to take advantage of the maximum possible fraction of incident solar energy, but none of them reduce or enhance the effectiveness of the others. Therefore, by means of the integral system of the present invention it is possible to obtain a greater energy use per unit area, adding to the power generated by the solar chimney, which is obtained from the cultivated biomass and that of the photovoltaic solar panels of solar distillers, in addition to the additional use associated with obtaining fresh water.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: Figura 1.- Muestra una vista general del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético objeto de invención. To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. Where illustrative and non-limiting, the following has been represented: Figure 1.- Shows a general view of the integral system of energy use object of the invention.

Figura 2.- Muestra una vista en planta del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético. Figure 2.- Shows a plan view of the integral system of energy use.

Figura 3.- Muestra una vista lateral del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético objeto de invención. Figuras 4A y 4B.- Muestran unas vistas en perspectiva y lateral de un destilador solar con su pared posterior vertical, de acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención. Figure 3.- Shows a side view of the integral system of energy use object of the invention. Figures 4A and 4B.- They show perspective and side views of a solar distiller with its vertical rear wall, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figuras 5A y 5B.- Muestran unas vistas en perspectiva y lateral de un destilador solar con su pared posterior inclinada, de acuerdo con otra realización preferente de la invención. Figura 6.- Muestra una vista esquemática de los equipos que intervienen en el cultivo de microalgas. Figures 5A and 5B.- They show perspective and side views of a solar distiller with its inclined back wall, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 6.- Shows a schematic view of the equipment involved in the cultivation of microalgae.

Figura 7.- Muestra una tabla donde se aprecian características técnicas del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención. Figure 7.- Shows a table showing technical characteristics of the integral system of energy use in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figura 8.- Muestra una tabla donde se aprecian los valores energéticos obtenidos en una torre solar empleando el sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético objeto de invención. Figure 8.- Shows a table where the energy values obtained in a solar tower are appreciated using the integral system of energy use object of the invention.

REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

De acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención mostrada en las figuras 1 , 2 y 3, el sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético comprende: According to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the integral energy utilization system comprises:

- una chimenea (10) solar de configuración cilindrica y vertical de 750 m de altura, en cuya parte inferior presenta unas turbinas de aire (13) y un generador principal (14), representados en la figura 3, para la obtención de energía eléctrica a partir de energía solar y eólica, y que dispone en su base de un invernadero (11) concéntrico de 2.900m de diámetro y 6,6 km2 de superficie, abierto al exterior en todo su perímetro, con una cubierta (12) superior de material transparente adaptada para permitir el paso de radiación solar, y - unos destiladores (20) solares, instalados sobre el suelo del invernadero (11), adaptados para obtener agua dulce a partir de agua salada mediante unos conductos (21) de entrada y salida conectados a la red general tanto de suministro como de recogida. - a solar chimney (10) of cylindrical and vertical configuration of 750 m high, at the bottom of which it has air turbines (13) and a main generator (14), represented in figure 3, for obtaining electrical energy from solar and wind energy, and which has at its base a concentric greenhouse (11) of 2,900m in diameter and 6.6 km 2 of surface, open to the outside throughout its perimeter, with a roof (12) superior of transparent material adapted to allow the passage of solar radiation, and - solar distillers (20), installed on the floor of the greenhouse (11), adapted to obtain fresh water from saltwater through inlet and outlet ducts (21) connected to the general supply and collection network.

Dichos destiladores (20) solares se encuentran orientados al sur para aprovechar al máximo la radiación solar incidente. Además, su cara superior está inclinada un ángulo comprendido entre 10 y 25° para facilitar así la recogida de agua dulce. Said solar distillers (20) are facing south to take full advantage of the incident solar radiation. In addition, its upper face is inclined at an angle between 10 and 25 ° to facilitate the collection of fresh water.

Como se puede apreciar en las figuras 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, los destiladores (20) solares presentan en su cara posterior unos paneles solares fotovoltaicos (30), aprovechando la energía solar incidente para convertirla en energía eléctrica. Dichos paneles fotovoltaicos (30) pueden ir conectados al generador principal (14) de la chimenea (10) solar, o a un generador independiente. Además, para optimizar aún más si cabe la eficacia de los destiladores (20) solares, se ha previsto que su base y cara posterior estén fabricados en un material opaco y negro, de manera que absorban mayor radiación solar. De acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención, y con objeto de aprovechar al máximo la superficie del invernadero (11) cubierta por los destiladores (20) solares, se ha previsto que éstos últimos cultiven en su interior microalgas, de las cuales se obtiene un doble aprovechamiento: por un lado la obtención de fracciones útiles y productos naturales de interés (proteínas, lípidos, celulosa, aceite para posibles biocombustibles, etc.), y por otro lado, la producción de energía eléctrica mediante un generador secundario (48), a partir de la combustión de los residuos de microalgas, o de las microalgas en sí, las cuales son quemadas en una caldera (47). De acuerdo con otra realización preferente de la invención no representada, los destiladores solares (20) pueden ser sustituidos por unos biorreactores secundarios, igualmente instalados sobre el suelo del invernadero (11) para el cultivo de microalgas, sin obtención de agua dulce, presentando igualmente paneles solares fotovoltaicos (30) para el aprovechamiento de la energía solar incidente. As can be seen in Figures 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, solar distillers (20) have photovoltaic solar panels (30) on their backs, taking advantage of the incident solar energy to convert it into electrical energy. Said photovoltaic panels (30) can be connected to the main generator (14) of the solar chimney (10), or to an independent generator. In addition, to further optimize the effectiveness of solar distillers (20), it is expected that their base and back face are made of an opaque and black material, so that they absorb more solar radiation. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, and in order to take full advantage of the surface of the greenhouse (11) covered by solar distillers (20), it is provided that the latter cultivate microalgae inside, from which it is obtained a double use: on the one hand the obtaining of useful fractions and natural products of interest (proteins, lipids, cellulose, oil for possible biofuels, etc.), and on the other hand, the production of electrical energy by means of a secondary generator (48) , from the combustion of microalgae residues, or microalgae itself, which are burned in a boiler (47). According to another preferred embodiment of the invention not shown, solar distillers (20) can be replaced by secondary bioreactors, also installed on the greenhouse floor. (11) for the cultivation of microalgae, without obtaining fresh water, also presenting photovoltaic solar panels (30) for the use of incident solar energy.

La inclusión de cultivo de microalgas en los destiladores (20) solares o en biorreactores secundarios requiere la instalación de una serie de equipos (40) mostrados en la figura 6, ubicados en una zona exterior al invernadero (11), los cuales comprenden al menos:  The inclusion of microalgae culture in solar distillers (20) or in secondary bioreactors requires the installation of a series of equipment (40) shown in Figure 6, located in an area outside the greenhouse (11), which comprise at least :

- una unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono que proporciona el alimento a las microalgas, - a carbon source supply unit (41) that provides the food to the microalgae,

- un biorreactor primario (42), en el cual se cultivan inicialmente las microalgas, las cuales son alimentadas mediante la fuente de carbono procedente de la unidad de suministro (41), siendo dichas microalgas posteriormente introducidas en los destiladores (20) solares o los biorreactores secundarios,  - a primary bioreactor (42), in which the microalgae are initially grown, which are fed by the carbon source from the supply unit (41), said microalgae being subsequently introduced into the solar distillers (20) or secondary bioreactors,

- una unidad de separación (43), que separa las microalgas sólidas mediante técnicas de decantación, floculación o centrifugación, y que dispone de medios de filtración para separar la materia sólida de la líquida, procedente de las microalgas,  - a separation unit (43), which separates the solid microalgae by decantation, flocculation or centrifugation techniques, and which has filtration means to separate the solid matter from the liquid, from the microalgae,

- una unidad de acondicionamiento (44), adaptada para controlar y ajusfar diferentes variables de la materia líquida procedente de la unidad de separación (43), para que dicha materia líquida pueda servir de inoculo del biorreactor primario (42),  - a conditioning unit (44), adapted to control and adjust different variables of the liquid matter from the separation unit (43), so that said liquid matter can serve as inoculum of the primary bioreactor (42),

- una unidad de aprovechamiento (45) de microalgas que vincula la unidad de separación (43) y la unidad de acondicionamiento (44) con la unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono, comenzando así un nuevo ciclo de aprovechamiento de energía de biomasa, y  - a microalgae harvesting unit (45) that links the separation unit (43) and the conditioning unit (44) with the carbon source supply unit (41), thus starting a new cycle of energy use biomass, and

- una unidad de control, no representada, que controla y automatiza la circulación de fluidos.  - a control unit, not represented, that controls and automates fluid circulation.

Cabe señalar que la fuente de carbono que alimenta a las microalgas, procedente de la unidad de suministro (41) puede tratarse de C02, gas de chimenea, o una disolución de bicarbonato generada en un absorbedor de CO2 a partir de una disolución de carbonato de sodio bombeada en él mediante un proceso automatizado. It should be noted that the source of carbon that feeds the microalgae, from the supply unit (41) can be C0 2 , gas chimney, or a bicarbonate solution generated in a CO2 absorber from a solution of sodium carbonate pumped into it by an automated process.

Como se puede observar en la figura 6, la unidad de aprovechamiento (45) comprende al menos una unidad de tratamiento (46), en la cual se realizan una serie de operaciones con el fin de obtener la mayor cantidad posible de productos útiles (proteínas, lípidos, celulosa, etc.) a partir de la materia sólida de las microalgas. Adicionalmente, dicha unidad de aprovechamiento (45) puede comprender además: una caldera (47), adaptada para quemar los residuos de las microalgas no aprovechados en la unidad de tratamiento (46), o las microalgas en sí, cuyos gases de combustión son conducidos hasta la unidad de suministro (41) de la fuente de carbono, y  As can be seen in Figure 6, the utilization unit (45) comprises at least one treatment unit (46), in which a series of operations are carried out in order to obtain the greatest possible amount of useful products (proteins) , lipids, cellulose, etc.) from the solid matter of the microalgae. Additionally, said utilization unit (45) may further comprise: a boiler (47), adapted to burn the residues of the microalgae not used in the treatment unit (46), or the microalgae itself, whose combustion gases are conducted to the supply unit (41) of the carbon source, and

un generador secundario (48) para la producción de electricidad a partir de la combustión de microalgas. En la figura 7 se muestra una tabla donde se aprecian características técnicas del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención, reflejando el número de destiladores instalados en la superficie del invernadero (11) en función de su longitud y distancia de separación entre ellos.  a secondary generator (48) for the production of electricity from the combustion of microalgae. Figure 7 shows a table showing technical characteristics of the integral system of energy use according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, reflecting the number of distillers installed on the surface of the greenhouse (11) depending on its length and distance of separation between them.

Asimismo, en la tabla de la figura 8, se muestra que mediante el sistema integral objeto de invención se consigue obtener un aprovechamiento energético de la energía solar incidente comprendido entre el 14-18%, optimizando considerablemente los rendimientos del 3,8% obtenidos con los anteriores sistemas existentes. Likewise, in the table of figure 8, it is shown that by means of the integral system object of the invention it is possible to obtain an energy use of the incident solar energy between 14-18%, considerably optimizing the yields of 3.8% obtained with the previous existing systems.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S 1.- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético que comprende una chimenea (10) solar en cuya parte inferior presenta unas turbinas de aire (13) y un generador principal (14) para la obtención de energía eléctrica, y que dispone en su base de un invernadero (1 1) concéntrico de grandes dimensiones abierto al exterior en todo su perímetro, con una cubierta (12) superior de material transparente adaptada para permitir el paso de radiación solar, caracterizado porque comprende adicionalmente unos destiladores (20) solares, instalados sobre el suelo del invernadero (11 ), que a partir de la radiación solar recibida transforman agua salada en agua dulce, con la colaboración de unos conductos (21) de entrada y salida conectados a la red general tanto de suministro como de recogida. 1.- Comprehensive system of energy use that includes a solar chimney (10) in whose lower part it has air turbines (13) and a main generator (14) for obtaining electrical energy, and which has at its base a Large concentric greenhouse (1 1) open to the outside throughout its perimeter, with a top cover (12) of transparent material adapted to allow the passage of solar radiation, characterized in that it additionally comprises solar distillers (20), installed on the greenhouse soil (11), which from the solar radiation received, converts salt water into fresh water, with the collaboration of inlet and outlet ducts (21) connected to the general supply and collection network. 2 - Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque los destiladores (20) solares disponen de paneles solares fotovoltaicos (30) para la conversión de la energía solar incidente en energía eléctrica. 2 - Integral system of energy use according to claim 1 characterized in that the solar distillers (20) have photovoltaic solar panels (30) for the conversion of the incident solar energy into electrical energy. 3.- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque los destiladores (20) solares, presentan su base y/o su cara posterior fabricados en un material opaco. 3. Integral system of energy use according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar distillers (20) have their base and / or their back face made of an opaque material. 4.- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende adicionalmente una serie de equipos (40) mediante los cuales es posible el cultivo de microalgas para el aprovechamiento de energía de biomasa, comprendiendo dichos equipos (40) al menos: 4. Integral system of energy use according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it additionally comprises a series of equipment (40) by means of which it is possible to cultivate microalgae for the use of biomass energy, said equipment comprising (40 ) at least: - una unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono que proporciona el alimento a las microalgas,  - a carbon source supply unit (41) that provides the food to the microalgae, - un biorreactor primario (42), en el cual se cultivan inicialmente las microalgas, las cuales son alimentadas mediante la fuente de carbono procedente de la unidad de suministro (41), siendo dichas microalgas posteriormente introducidas en los destiladores (20) solares, - a primary bioreactor (42), in which the microalgae, which are fed by the carbon source from the supply unit (41), said microalgae being subsequently introduced into the solar distillers (20), - una unidad de separación (43), que separa las microalgas sólidas, y que dispone de medios de filtración para separar la materia sólida de la líquida procedente de las microalgas,  - a separation unit (43), which separates the solid microalgae, and which has filtration means to separate the solid matter from the liquid from the microalgae, - una unidad de acondicionamiento (44), adaptada para controlar y ajusfar diferentes variables de la materia líquida procedente de la unidad de separación (43), para que dicha materia líquida pueda servir de inoculo del biorreactor primario (42),  - a conditioning unit (44), adapted to control and adjust different variables of the liquid matter from the separation unit (43), so that said liquid matter can serve as inoculum of the primary bioreactor (42), - una unidad de aprovechamiento (45) que vincula la unidad de separación (43) y la unidad de acondicionamiento (44) con la unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono, comenzando así un nuevo ciclo de aprovechamiento de energía de biomasa, y  - a harvesting unit (45) that links the separation unit (43) and the conditioning unit (44) with the carbon source supply unit (41), thus starting a new cycle of biomass energy use, Y - una unidad de control que controla y automatiza la circulación de fluidos.  - a control unit that controls and automates fluid circulation. 5. - Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético que comprende una chimenea (10) solar en cuya parte inferior presenta unas turbinas de aire (13) y un generador principal (14) para la obtención de energía eléctrica, y que dispone en su base de un invernadero (11) concéntrico de grandes dimensiones abierto al exterior en todo su perímetro, con una cubierta (12) superior de material transparente adaptada para permitir el paso de radiación solar, caracterizado porque comprende unos biorreactores secundarios, instalados sobre el suelo del invernadero (11) para el cultivo de microalgas. 5. - Integral system of energy use that includes a solar chimney (10) in the lower part of which has air turbines (13) and a main generator (14) for obtaining electrical energy, and which has at its base a Large concentric greenhouse (11) open to the outside throughout its perimeter, with a top cover (12) of transparent material adapted to allow the passage of solar radiation, characterized in that it comprises secondary bioreactors, installed on the floor of the greenhouse (11 ) for the cultivation of microalgae. 6. - Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con reivindicación 5 caracterizado porque los biorreactores secundarios disponen de paneles solares fotovoltaicos (30). 6. - Integral system of energy use according to claim 5 characterized in that the secondary bioreactors have photovoltaic solar panels (30). 7.- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5-6 caracterizado porque comprende adicionalmente una serie de equipos (40) mediante los cuales es posible el cultivo de microalgas, comprendiendo dichos equipos (40) al menos: 7. Integral system of energy use according to any one of claims 5-6 characterized in that it additionally comprises a series of equipment (40) by means of which the cultivation of microalgae, said equipment (40) comprising at least: - una unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono que proporciona el alimento a las microalgas,  - a carbon source supply unit (41) that provides the food to the microalgae, - un biorreactor primario (42), en el cual se cultivan inicialmente las microalgas, las cuales son alimentadas mediante la fuente de carbono procedente de la unidad de suministro (41), siendo dichas microalgas posteriormente introducidas en los biorreactores secundarios,  - a primary bioreactor (42), in which the microalgae are initially grown, which are fed by the carbon source from the supply unit (41), said microalgae being subsequently introduced into the secondary bioreactors, - una unidad de separación (43), que separa las microalgas sólidas, y que dispone de medios de filtración para separar la materia sólida de la líquida procedente de las microalgas,  - a separation unit (43), which separates the solid microalgae, and which has filtration means to separate the solid matter from the liquid from the microalgae, - una unidad de acondicionamiento (44), adaptada para controlar y ajustar diferentes variables de la materia líquida procedente de la unidad de separación (43), para que dicha materia líquida pueda servir de inoculo del biorreactor primario (42),  - a conditioning unit (44), adapted to control and adjust different variables of the liquid matter from the separation unit (43), so that said liquid matter can serve as inoculum of the primary bioreactor (42), - una unidad de aprovechamiento (45) que vincula la unidad de separación - a harvesting unit (45) that links the separation unit (43) y la unidad de acondicionamiento (44) con la unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono, comenzando así un nuevo ciclo de aprovechamiento de energía de biomasa, y (43) and the conditioning unit (44) with the carbon source supply unit (41), thus beginning a new cycle of biomass energy utilization, and - una unidad de control que controla y automatiza la circulación de fluidos.  - a control unit that controls and automates fluid circulation. 8.- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 ó 7 caracterizado porque la unidad de suministro (41) proporciona una fuente de carbono que se selecciona entre: 8. Integral system of energy use according to any one of claims 4 or 7 characterized in that the supply unit (41) provides a carbon source that is selected from: - CO2, - CO 2 , . gas de chimenea, y  . chimney gas, and - una disolución de bicarbonato generada en un absorbedor de CO2 a partir de una disolución de carbonato de sodio bombeada en dicho absorbedor mediante un proceso automatizado. - bicarbonate solution generated in an absorber of CO 2 from a solution of sodium carbonate in said absorber pumped by an automated process. 9.- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 ó 7 caracterizado porque la unidad de separación (43) emplea una técnica seleccionada entre: - decantación, 9. Integral system of energy use according to any one of claims 4 or 7 characterized in that the separation unit (43) employs a technique selected from: - decantation, - floculación, y  - flocculation, and - centrifugación  - centrifugation 10. - Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 ó 7 caracterizado porque la unidad de aprovechamiento (45) comprende una unidad de tratamiento (46), en la cual se realizan una serie de operaciones con el fin de obtener la mayor cantidad posible de productos útiles (proteínas, lípidos, celulosa, o similares) a partir de la materia sólida de las microalgas. 10. - Integral system of energy use according to any one of claims 4 or 7 characterized in that the unit of use (45) comprises a treatment unit (46), in which a series of operations are carried out in order to obtain as many useful products as possible (proteins, lipids, cellulose, or the like) from the solid matter of the microalgae. 11. - Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con reivindicación 10 caracterizado porque la unidad de aprovechamiento (45) comprende adicionalmente: 11. - Integral system of energy use according to claim 10 characterized in that the unit of use (45) additionally comprises: una caldera (47), adaptada para quemar los residuos de las microalgas no aprovechados en la unidad de tratamiento (46), o las microalgas en sí, cuyos gases de combustión son conducidos hasta la unidad de suministro (41) de la fuente de carbono, y  a boiler (47), adapted to burn the residues of the unused microalgae in the treatment unit (46), or the microalgae itself, whose combustion gases are conducted to the supply unit (41) of the carbon source , Y un generador secundario (48) para la producción de electricidad a partir de la combustión de microalgas.  a secondary generator (48) for the production of electricity from the combustion of microalgae. 12.- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 ó 5, caracterizado porque la chimenea (10) solar presenta una altura comprendida entre 500 y 1000 m. 12. Integral system of energy use according to any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that the solar chimney (10) has a height between 500 and 1000 m.
PCT/ES2011/000033 2010-02-15 2011-02-15 Integrated energy harnessing system Ceased WO2011098642A1 (en)

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