WO2011098291A1 - Multilayer device for an endogenous heating mold and method for making said device - Google Patents
Multilayer device for an endogenous heating mold and method for making said device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011098291A1 WO2011098291A1 PCT/EP2011/000660 EP2011000660W WO2011098291A1 WO 2011098291 A1 WO2011098291 A1 WO 2011098291A1 EP 2011000660 W EP2011000660 W EP 2011000660W WO 2011098291 A1 WO2011098291 A1 WO 2011098291A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heating
- multilayer device
- resin
- layers
- cord
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/02—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated heating or cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/0272—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using lost heating elements, i.e. heating means incorporated and remaining in the formed article
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
- B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
- B29C70/885—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding with incorporated metallic wires, nets, films or plates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/267—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an organic material, e.g. plastic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multilayer device for an endogenously heated mold and a method of manufacturing said multilayer device.
- the invention is advantageously applied in the field of endogenous heating molds for producing fibrous preforms such as aeronautical parts or wind turbine blades.
- the device may also be implemented for the production of preforms of various articles having in particular important surfaces.
- thermosetting organic matrices are obtained by carrying out a certain number of steps by means of a mold of which a pressurization and baking step allows the polymerization of the resin.
- the heating of the mold can be according to the technique chosen either exogenous or endogenous.
- Endogenous heating consists in integrating heating elements into the mold which are, according to a first variant, heating tubes allowing the passage of a heat-transfer fluid which brings calories to the matrix or, in a second variant, resistive cords heated by the effect Joule that diffuse calories by the multilayer wall of the mold towards the piece in the mold.
- the first variant is relatively unworkable given the constraints of installation especially for the production of complex parts.
- the second variant is particularly advantageous; the energy consumption compared to the exogenous heating technique is reduced by a factor of eight. Moreover this variant is much easier to implement compared to the endogenous technique using heating tubes.
- a disadvantage, however, of this technique lies in the fact that the bead consisting of a resistive wire disposed in an insulating silicone sheath has a large section in relation to the thicknesses of the various layers of the composite structure of the mold and moreover does not adhere to to the layers with which she is in contact.
- the bead causes delamination between the layers, accelerated wear of the mold structure and, in view of problems of expansion and differential shrinkage, induces deformation of the functional surface of the mold.
- this technique requires the realization of the mold in multiple phases, namely a phase of polymerization of the layers constituting the functional surface, a laying phase of the bead, a laying phase of the layers covering the bead and a phase of polymerization of these overlays.
- the present invention is an improvement to the multilayer device using an endogenous heating with a resistive cord and aims to provide a multilayer device in which the problems of adhesion of the cord are eliminated, the risk wear of the composite structure or the appearance of defects in the functional surface.
- the present invention also aims to provide a simplified manufacturing process and in particular having only one polymerization step.
- the invention relates to a multilayer device for an endogenously heated mold comprising a composite structure for defining at least one functional surface with at least two reinforcing composite layers bonded to a thermosetting resin, and a heating network comprising a heating cord. connected to a power supply and as, according to the invention, the heating cord comprises an electrically insulating core of dry fibers, able to be impregnated with the resin, on which is wound a resistive wire.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a multilayer device as mentioned above in which the following steps are carried out:
- FIG 1 shows a first embodiment in a schematic side view of a cord according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a second example of embodiment in schematic side view of a cord according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents a view from above of an example of a heating network
- FIG. 4 represents a sectional view of a first example of a stack of layers of the multilayer device
- FIG. 5 represents a sectional view of a second example of a stack of layers of the multilayer device
- FIG. 6 represents a sectional view of a third example of a layer stack of the multilayer device
- FIG. 7 represents, in sectional view, a heating mold comprising two multilayer devices with a molded part.
- a bead 1 comprises a resistive wire 2 surrounding an electrically insulating core 3 of dry fibers formed as a wick.
- the core 3 constitutes the support for an impregnating resin which makes it possible to ensure the adhesion of the bead with the layers of the composite structure themselves pre-impregnated with resin.
- FIGS. 4 to 6 it can be seen that the diameter of the section of the bead 1 is small compared with the thickness of the reinforcement layers 4 and of the surface layer 5 of the composite structure 6 so that the deformations of the bead 1 under the effect of temperature variations are collected by these two layers so that the functional face 7 of the surface layer 5 is preserved from any deformation.
- cord 1 can be used as it is if the reinforcing layers 4 are electrically insulating, for example fiberglass.
- Figure 2 there is shown a second embodiment of a cord 1 according to the invention wherein the cord 1 comprises, in addition to the core 3 and the resistive wire 2, a sheath 8 of dry fiber surrounding said resistive wire 2 and able to be impregnated with the resin. This sheath can result from wrapping, braiding or knitting.
- This second example of cord 1 is particularly suitable for composite structures in which the reinforcing layers 4 are conductive, for example made of carbon fiber.
- This structure of the cord 1 also ensures the integration of the heating cord with the reinforcing layers when the polymerization of the resin is performed.
- section of the cord 1 remains small enough compared to the thickness of the composite structure in which it is integrated so that no differential shrinkage during the manufacture or use of the multilayer device is likely to alter the integrity of the functional face 7.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a heating network 9 comprising two cords 1 connected in parallel with a conventional power supply represented by a current generator 10.
- the number of cords 1 on a heating network 9 may be greater than one.
- the cords 1 of FIG. 3 are sewn on a dry fabric 11.
- This dry fabric 11 is advantageously made of a fibrous material identical to that used for the reinforcing layers 4.
- the fabric will be made of glass fibers, carbon fibers or thermoplastic fibers.
- the seam C of the cord 1 on the dry fabric 11 (see FIGS. 3, 4 and 5) is following a pattern so that the location of the cord 1 on the fabric 11 is precise and ensures a controlled thermal distribution at the the functional face 7 corresponding to a set of specifications determined for each piece to be molded.
- the sewing will advantageously be performed automatically by means of a numerically controlled sewing machine.
- the multilayer device 6 of FIG. 4 comprises a stack of layers with a surface layer 5 in particular of "gelcoat", a first reinforcing layer 4 made of carbon fiber, a layer consisting of the dry fabric 11 carrying the heating network 9 with a bead 1 composed of the resistive wire 2 of the core 3 and the sheath 8, then a second reinforcing layer 4.
- the embodiment of the multilayer device 60 of FIG. stack of layers with the layer 5 of skin or surface 5 in particular in "gelcoat", a metal mesh 12, the first reinforcing layer 4 made of electrically insulating fiber, the layer consisting of the dry fabric 11 carrying the heating network 9 with a cord 1 composed of the resistive wire 2 of the core 3 and the second reinforcing layer.
- the metal mesh 12 makes it possible to drain the electrostatic charges which accumulate on the surface of the composite structure 6 taking into account the use of reinforcement layers 4 made of insulating material. To allow the dissipation of these charges, it is expected to connect the mesh 12 to a mass.
- FIG. 6 a third exemplary embodiment of the multilayer device 600 is shown.
- this exemplary embodiment there is a surface layer 5, several layers of reinforcements 4 and two layers of dry fabric 11 each carrying a network. heating 9.
- the implementation of two heating networks 9 has different advantages. It allows in particular to increase the thermal power per unit area compared to the solution using a single heating network 9. Conversely, it allows, for the same thermal power per unit area, to limit the intensity of the current circulating in the cords 1 and therefore reduce their temperature to slow the aging of the resin in the vicinity of the cords 1.
- FIG. 7 shows a mold 13 comprising two multilayer devices 100 each placed in a box 14 and whose functional faces 7 take up the negative shape of a part 15 to be produced, for example, a wind turbine blade.
- This blade is made from carbon fabrics pre-impregnated with epoxy resin, draped around a foam core.
- the manufacture of the piece 15 is carried out conventionally, either by infusion after closing the boxes on the part 15, or from the pre-impregnated layers, the assembly being heated by the heating networks 9 of the multilayer devices 100 to polymerize the resin for example at a temperature close to 180 degrees.
- the multilayer devices 100 incorporate temperature sensors, for example thermocouples, in order to allow precise control of the firing of the part to be molded.
- the method of manufacturing a multilayer device 100 as mentioned above is particularly advantageous compared to prior techniques using a cord because all the layers can be polymerized at once.
- a step of evacuating the multilayer device 100 a polymerization step of the resin.
- the polymerization of the mold is obtained by heating using the heating network.
- the heating for the polymerization of the multilayer device (mold) will be external and for example made in an oven or an autoclave.
- the manufacturing method comprises a step of laying a tearing cloth and an infusion grid and a step of infusion of the resin. These steps are performed respectively before and during the vacuuming step.
- the multilayer device comprises several heating networks 9 arranged at different levels. To this end, at least one additional step of laying a second heating network 9 and a second heating network is provided at the level of the manufacturing process. Additional step of draping an additional layer of reinforcement 4.
- the multilayer devices 100 may have two functional faces 7, and therefore two surface layers 5.
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Abstract
Description
DISPOSITIF MULTICOUCHE POUR UN MOULE A CHAUFFAGE ENDOGENE ET PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DUDIT DISPOSITIF MULTILAYER DEVICE FOR ENDOGENEOUS HEATING MOLD AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME
La présente invention concerne un dispositif multicouche pour un moule à chauffage endogène ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication dudit dispositif multicouche . The present invention relates to a multilayer device for an endogenously heated mold and a method of manufacturing said multilayer device.
L' invention trouve avantageusement application dans le domaine des moules à chauffage endogène pour la réalisation de préformes fibreuses telles que des pièces aéronautiques ou encore des pales d'éolienne. Toutefois, bien que particulièrement prévu pour ces applications, le dispositif pourra également être mis en œuvre pour la réalisation de préformes d'articles divers présentant notamment des surfaces importantes. The invention is advantageously applied in the field of endogenous heating molds for producing fibrous preforms such as aeronautical parts or wind turbine blades. However, although particularly intended for these applications, the device may also be implemented for the production of preforms of various articles having in particular important surfaces.
ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Les pièces composites à matrices organiques thermodurcissables sont obtenues en réalisant un certain nombre d'étapes au moyen d'un moule dont une étape de mise en pression et de cuisson permet la polymérisation de la résine. Le chauffage du moule peut être selon la technique retenue soit exogène soit endogène. Composite articles with thermosetting organic matrices are obtained by carrying out a certain number of steps by means of a mold of which a pressurization and baking step allows the polymerization of the resin. The heating of the mold can be according to the technique chosen either exogenous or endogenous.
Le chauffage exogène est obtenu dans un autoclave ou une étuve, la chaleur étant transmise par convection au moule, cette technique est fortement consommatrice d'énergie compte tenu du faible rendement thermique de ces installations et de leur inertie importante. De plus cette technique n'est pas adaptée à la production de pièces de grandes dimensions . The exogenous heating is obtained in an autoclave or an oven, the heat being transmitted by convection to the mold, this technique is highly energy consuming given the low thermal efficiency of these facilities and their significant inertia. Moreover this technique is not suitable for the production of large parts.
Le chauffage endogène consiste à intégrer des éléments chauffants au moule qui sont, selon une première variante, des tubes chauffant permettant le passage d'un fluide caloporteur qui apporte des calories à la matrice ou, selon une seconde variante, des cordons résistifs chauffés par effet Joule qui diffusent les calories par la paroi multicouche du moule en direction de la pièce dans le moule. Endogenous heating consists in integrating heating elements into the mold which are, according to a first variant, heating tubes allowing the passage of a heat-transfer fluid which brings calories to the matrix or, in a second variant, resistive cords heated by the effect Joule that diffuse calories by the multilayer wall of the mold towards the piece in the mold.
La première variante est relativement peu exploitable compte tenu des contraintes d'installation notamment pour la réalisation de pièces complexes. The first variant is relatively unworkable given the constraints of installation especially for the production of complex parts.
La seconde variante est particulièrement avantageuse ; la consommation d'énergie par rapport à la technique de chauffage exogène est réduite d'un facteur huit. Par ailleurs cette variante est beaucoup plus aisée à mettre en œuvre par rapport à la technique endogène utilisant des tubes chauffants. The second variant is particularly advantageous; the energy consumption compared to the exogenous heating technique is reduced by a factor of eight. Moreover this variant is much easier to implement compared to the endogenous technique using heating tubes.
Un inconvénient toutefois de cette technique réside dans le fait que le cordon composé d'un fil résistif disposé dans une gaine isolante en silicone a une section importante au regard des épaisseurs des différentes couches de la structure composite du moule et de plus n'adhère pas aux couches avec lesquelles elle est en contact . A disadvantage, however, of this technique lies in the fact that the bead consisting of a resistive wire disposed in an insulating silicone sheath has a large section in relation to the thicknesses of the various layers of the composite structure of the mold and moreover does not adhere to to the layers with which she is in contact.
De ce fait le cordon entraîne des délaminages entre les couches, une usure accélérée de la structure du moule et, compte tenu de problèmes de dilatations et retraits différentiels, induit des déformations de la surface fonctionnelle du moule. As a result, the bead causes delamination between the layers, accelerated wear of the mold structure and, in view of problems of expansion and differential shrinkage, induces deformation of the functional surface of the mold.
Par ailleurs, cette technique nécessite la réalisation du moule en de multiples phases à savoir une phase de polymérisation des couches constituant la surface fonctionnelle, une phase de pose du cordon, une phase de pose des couches recouvrant le cordon et une phase de polymérisation de ces couches de recouvrement . Moreover, this technique requires the realization of the mold in multiple phases, namely a phase of polymerization of the layers constituting the functional surface, a laying phase of the bead, a laying phase of the layers covering the bead and a phase of polymerization of these overlays.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention constitue un perfectionnement au dispositif multicouche utilisant un chauffage endogène avec un cordon résistif et vise à proposer un dispositif multicouche dans lequel on supprime les problèmes d'adhésion du cordon, le risque d'usure de la structure composite ou encore l'apparition de défauts de la surface fonctionnelle. The present invention is an improvement to the multilayer device using an endogenous heating with a resistive cord and aims to provide a multilayer device in which the problems of adhesion of the cord are eliminated, the risk wear of the composite structure or the appearance of defects in the functional surface.
La présente invention vise par ailleurs à proposer un procédé de fabrication simplifié et notamment ne comportant qu'une étape de polymérisation. The present invention also aims to provide a simplified manufacturing process and in particular having only one polymerization step.
RESUME DE L'INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A cet effet l'invention concerne un dispositif multicouche pour un moule à chauffage endogène comportant une structure composite permettant de définir au moins une surface fonctionnelle avec au moins deux couches composites de renfort liées à une résine thermodurcissable , et un réseau chauffant comportant un cordon chauffant relié à une alimentation électrique et tel que, selon l'invention, le cordon chauffant comporte une âme électriquement isolante en fibres sèches, apte à être imprégnée par la résine, sur laquelle est enroulé un fil résistif. For this purpose the invention relates to a multilayer device for an endogenously heated mold comprising a composite structure for defining at least one functional surface with at least two reinforcing composite layers bonded to a thermosetting resin, and a heating network comprising a heating cord. connected to a power supply and as, according to the invention, the heating cord comprises an electrically insulating core of dry fibers, able to be impregnated with the resin, on which is wound a resistive wire.
L'invention vise également un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif multicouche tel que précité dans lequel on réalise les étapes suivantes : The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a multilayer device as mentioned above in which the following steps are carried out:
- une étape de pose d'une couche de surface, a step of laying a surface layer,
- une étape de drapage d'une première couche de renfort, a step of draping a first reinforcing layer,
- une étape de pose d'un réseau chauffant, a step of laying a heating network,
- une étape de drapage d'une seconde couche de renfort, - une étape de mise sous vide du dispositif multicouche, a step of draping a second reinforcing layer, a step of evacuating the multilayer device,
- une étape de polymérisation de la résine. a step of polymerization of the resin.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture d'un exemple détaillé de réalisation en référence aux dessins annexés, fournis à titre d'exemple non limitatif, parmi lesquels : The present invention will be better understood on reading a detailed example of embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, provided by way of non-limiting example, among which:
-la figure 1 représente un premier exemple de réalisation en vue schématique de côté d'un cordon conforme à l'invention, FIG 1 shows a first embodiment in a schematic side view of a cord according to the invention,
-la figure 2 représente un second exemple de réalisation en vue schématique de côté d'un cordon conforme à l'invention, FIG. 2 represents a second example of embodiment in schematic side view of a cord according to the invention,
-la figure 3 représente une vue de dessus d'un exemple de réseau chauffant, FIG. 3 represents a view from above of an example of a heating network,
-la figure 4 représente une vue en coupe d'un premier exemple d'empilement de couche du dispositif multicouche , FIG. 4 represents a sectional view of a first example of a stack of layers of the multilayer device,
-la figure 5 représente une vue en coupe d'un second exemple d'empilement de couche du dispositif multicouche, FIG. 5 represents a sectional view of a second example of a stack of layers of the multilayer device,
-la figure 6 représente une vue en coupe d'un troisième exemple d'empilement de couche du dispositif multicouche , FIG. 6 represents a sectional view of a third example of a layer stack of the multilayer device,
-la figure 7 représente, en vue de coupe, un moule chauffant comportant deux dispositifs multicouches avec une pièce moulée . FIG. 7 represents, in sectional view, a heating mold comprising two multilayer devices with a molded part.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION En se reportant principalement à la figure 1 on voit représenté un cordon 1, ce cordon 1 comporte un fil résistif 2 entourant une âme 3 électriquement isolante en fibres sèches formée comme une mèche. L'âme 3 constitue le support pour une résine d'imprégnation qui permet d'assurer l'adhésion du cordon avec les couches de la structure composite elles-mêmes pré-imprégnées de résine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring mainly to Figure 1 there is shown a bead 1, this bead 1 comprises a resistive wire 2 surrounding an electrically insulating core 3 of dry fibers formed as a wick. The core 3 constitutes the support for an impregnating resin which makes it possible to ensure the adhesion of the bead with the layers of the composite structure themselves pre-impregnated with resin.
Par ailleurs aux figures 4 à 6 on voit que le diamètre de la section du cordon 1 est faible au regard de l'épaisseur des couches de renfort 4 et de la couche de surface 5 de la structure composite 6 de sorte que les déformations du cordon 1 sous l'effet des variations de température sont encaissées par ces deux couches de sorte que la face fonctionnelle 7 de la couche de surface 5 est préservée de toute déformation. Moreover, in FIGS. 4 to 6, it can be seen that the diameter of the section of the bead 1 is small compared with the thickness of the reinforcement layers 4 and of the surface layer 5 of the composite structure 6 so that the deformations of the bead 1 under the effect of temperature variations are collected by these two layers so that the functional face 7 of the surface layer 5 is preserved from any deformation.
Ce cordon 1 pourra être utilisé en l'état si les couches de renforts 4 sont isolantes électriquement, par exemple en fibres de verre. En se reportant à la figure 2 on voit un second exemple de réalisation d'un cordon 1 conforme à l'invention dans lequel le cordon 1 comporte, en plus de l'âme 3 et du fil résistif 2, une gaine 8 de fibre sèche entourant ledit fil résistif 2 et apte à être imprégnée par la résine. Cette gaine peut résulter d'un guipage, d'un tressage ou d'un tricotage. This cord 1 can be used as it is if the reinforcing layers 4 are electrically insulating, for example fiberglass. Referring to Figure 2 there is shown a second embodiment of a cord 1 according to the invention wherein the cord 1 comprises, in addition to the core 3 and the resistive wire 2, a sheath 8 of dry fiber surrounding said resistive wire 2 and able to be impregnated with the resin. This sheath can result from wrapping, braiding or knitting.
Ce second exemple de cordon 1 est particulièrement adapté à des structures composites dans lesquelles les couches de renforts 4 sont conductrices, par exemple réalisées en fibre de carbone. This second example of cord 1 is particularly suitable for composite structures in which the reinforcing layers 4 are conductive, for example made of carbon fiber.
Cette structure du cordon 1 permet également d'assurer l'intégration du cordon chauffant avec les couches de renforts lorsque la polymérisation de la résine est réalisée. This structure of the cord 1 also ensures the integration of the heating cord with the reinforcing layers when the polymerization of the resin is performed.
Par ailleurs, la section du cordon 1 reste suffisamment faible en regard de l'épaisseur de la structure composite dans laquelle il est intégré pour qu'aucun retrait différentiel lors de la fabrication ou de l'utilisation du dispositif multicouche soit de nature à altérer l'intégrité de la face fonctionnelle 7. Furthermore, the section of the cord 1 remains small enough compared to the thickness of the composite structure in which it is integrated so that no differential shrinkage during the manufacture or use of the multilayer device is likely to alter the integrity of the functional face 7.
A la figure 3 on a représenté un exemple de réseau chauffant 9 comportant deux cordons 1 reliés en parallèle a une alimentation électrique classique représentée par un générateur de courant 10. FIG. 3 shows an example of a heating network 9 comprising two cords 1 connected in parallel with a conventional power supply represented by a current generator 10.
Cet exemple n'est pas limitatif et d'autres formes sont bien entendu envisageables en fonction de la géométrie à donner à la face fonctionnelle 7 ou pour tenir compte des caractéristiques géométriques ou des hétérogénéités des pièces à mouler. Le nombre de cordons 1 sur un réseau chauffant 9 peut être supérieur à un. This example is not limiting and other forms are of course conceivable depending on the geometry to be given to the functional face 7 or to take into account the geometric characteristics or heterogeneities of the parts to be molded. The number of cords 1 on a heating network 9 may be greater than one.
Les cordons 1 de la figure 3 sont cousus sur un tissu sec 11. Ce tissu sec 11 est réalisé avantageusement en un matériau fibreux identique à celui utilisé pour les couches de renforts 4. A titre d'exemple, le tissu sera réalisé en fibres de verre, en fibres de carbone ou encore en fibres thermoplastiques. The cords 1 of FIG. 3 are sewn on a dry fabric 11. This dry fabric 11 is advantageously made of a fibrous material identical to that used for the reinforcing layers 4. By way of example, the fabric will be made of glass fibers, carbon fibers or thermoplastic fibers.
La couture C du cordon 1 sur le tissu sec 11 (voir figures 3, 4 et 5) se fait en suivant un patron de sorte que l'emplacement du cordon 1 sur le tissu 11 est précis et assure une distribution thermique contrôlée au niveau de la face fonctionnelle 7 correspondant à un cahier des charges déterminé pour chaque pièce à mouler. La couture sera avantageusement réalisée automatiquement par le biais d'une machine à coudre à commande numérique. The seam C of the cord 1 on the dry fabric 11 (see FIGS. 3, 4 and 5) is following a pattern so that the location of the cord 1 on the fabric 11 is precise and ensures a controlled thermal distribution at the the functional face 7 corresponding to a set of specifications determined for each piece to be molded. The sewing will advantageously be performed automatically by means of a numerically controlled sewing machine.
Le dispositif multicouche 6 de la figure 4 comporte un empilement de couches avec une couche de surface 5 notamment en « gelcoat », une première couche de renfort 4 réalisée en fibre de carbone, une couche constituée du tissu sec 11 portant cousu le réseau chauffant 9 avec un cordon 1 composé du fil résistif 2 de l'âme 3 et de la gaine 8, puis une seconde couche de renfort 4. The multilayer device 6 of FIG. 4 comprises a stack of layers with a surface layer 5 in particular of "gelcoat", a first reinforcing layer 4 made of carbon fiber, a layer consisting of the dry fabric 11 carrying the heating network 9 with a bead 1 composed of the resistive wire 2 of the core 3 and the sheath 8, then a second reinforcing layer 4.
Il est important de noter que lors de la fabrication du dispositif multicouche on utilise des couches de renforts 4 pré- imprégnés . En fonction des épaisseurs des couches de renfort 4 (notamment si ces couches présentent une faible épaisseur) on prévoit de mettre en place un film de résine, non représenté à la figure, entre le tissu sec 11 et l'une ou l'autre des première et seconde couche de renfort 4. Ce film de résine permet de faciliter l'imprégnation du cordon 1 et d'augmenter par conséquent l'adhésion et la prise du cordon 1 avec les couches de renfort 4. It is important to note that during the manufacture of the multilayer device is used layers of reinforcements 4 prepreg. Depending on the thicknesses of the reinforcing layers 4 (in particular if these layers have a small thickness), provision is made to put in place a resin film, not shown in the figure, between the dry fabric 11 and one or other of the first and second reinforcing layer 4. This resin film makes it possible to facilitate the impregnation of the bead 1 and consequently to increase the adhesion and setting of the bead 1 with the reinforcing layers 4.
L'utilisation de ce film n'est pas nécessaire lorsque le procédé de fabrication comprend une phase d'infusion de la résine plutôt que l'utilisation de préimprégnés . The use of this film is not necessary when the manufacturing process includes an infusion phase of the resin rather than the use of prepregs.
L'exemple de réalisation du dispositif multicouche 60 de la figure 5 comporte aussi un empilement de couches avec la couche 5 de peau ou de surface 5 notamment en « gelcoat », un grillage métallique 12, la première couche de renfort 4 réalisée en fibre électriquement isolante, la couche constituée du tissu sec 11 portant le réseau chauffant 9 avec un cordon 1 composé du fil résistif 2 de l'âme 3 puis la seconde couche de renfort . The embodiment of the multilayer device 60 of FIG. stack of layers with the layer 5 of skin or surface 5 in particular in "gelcoat", a metal mesh 12, the first reinforcing layer 4 made of electrically insulating fiber, the layer consisting of the dry fabric 11 carrying the heating network 9 with a cord 1 composed of the resistive wire 2 of the core 3 and the second reinforcing layer.
Le grillage métallique 12 permet de drainer les charges électrostatiques qui s'accumulent à la surface de la structure composite 6 compte tenu de l'emploi de couches de renfort 4 en matériau isolant. Pour permettre la dissipation de ces charges, on prévoit de relier le grillage 12 à une masse. The metal mesh 12 makes it possible to drain the electrostatic charges which accumulate on the surface of the composite structure 6 taking into account the use of reinforcement layers 4 made of insulating material. To allow the dissipation of these charges, it is expected to connect the mesh 12 to a mass.
Là encore on peut dans une variante prévoir un film de résine entre le tissu sec 11 et l'une ou l'autre des première et seconde couche de renfort 4. In another embodiment, it is possible, in a variant, to provide a resin film between the dry fabric 11 and one or the other of the first and second reinforcing layers 4.
En se reportant cette fois à la figure 6 on voit un troisième exemple de réalisation du dispositif multicouche 600. Dans cet exemple de réalisation on retrouve une couche de surface 5, plusieurs couches de renforts 4 et deux couches de tissu sec 11 portant chacune un réseau chauffant 9. Referring now to FIG. 6, a third exemplary embodiment of the multilayer device 600 is shown. In this exemplary embodiment, there is a surface layer 5, several layers of reinforcements 4 and two layers of dry fabric 11 each carrying a network. heating 9.
L'implantation de deux réseaux chauffants 9 présente différents avantages. Il permet notamment d'accroître la puissance thermique par unité de surface par rapport à la solution utilisant un seul réseau chauffant 9. A l'inverse, il permet, pour une même puissance thermique par unité de surface, de limiter l'intensité du courant circulant dans les cordons 1 et par conséquent de réduire leur température permettant de ralentir le vieillissement de la résine au voisinage des cordons 1. The implementation of two heating networks 9 has different advantages. It allows in particular to increase the thermal power per unit area compared to the solution using a single heating network 9. Conversely, it allows, for the same thermal power per unit area, to limit the intensity of the current circulating in the cords 1 and therefore reduce their temperature to slow the aging of the resin in the vicinity of the cords 1.
Cette solution utilisant plusieurs réseaux chauffants 9 à différents niveaux du dispositif multicouche permet en outre de réduire les gradients de température et donc de limiter les efforts thermiques subis par la structure composite 600. This solution using several heating networks 9 at different levels of the multilayer device also makes it possible to reduce the gradients of temperature and therefore to limit the thermal stresses on the composite structure 600.
A la figure 7 enfin on a représenté un moule 13 comportant deux dispositifs multicouches 100 placés chacun dans un caisson 14 et dont les faces fonctionnelles 7 reprennent la forme en négatif d'une pièce 15 à réaliser par exemple une pale d'éolienne. Finally, FIG. 7 shows a mold 13 comprising two multilayer devices 100 each placed in a box 14 and whose functional faces 7 take up the negative shape of a part 15 to be produced, for example, a wind turbine blade.
Cette pale est réalisée à partir de tissus carbone pré-imprégnés de résine époxy, drapés autour d'un noyau en mousse. La fabrication de la pièce 15 est réalisée classiquement, soit par infusion après avoir fermé les caissons sur la pièce 15, soit à partir des couches pré-imprégnées , l'ensemble étant chauffé par les réseaux chauffants 9 des dispositifs multicouches 100 pour polymériser la résine par exemple à une température voisine de 180 degrés. This blade is made from carbon fabrics pre-impregnated with epoxy resin, draped around a foam core. The manufacture of the piece 15 is carried out conventionally, either by infusion after closing the boxes on the part 15, or from the pre-impregnated layers, the assembly being heated by the heating networks 9 of the multilayer devices 100 to polymerize the resin for example at a temperature close to 180 degrees.
De manière avantageuse les dispositifs multicouches 100 intègrent des capteurs de température par exemple des thermocouples afin de permettre un pilotage précis de la cuisson de la pièce à mouler 15. Advantageously, the multilayer devices 100 incorporate temperature sensors, for example thermocouples, in order to allow precise control of the firing of the part to be molded.
Le procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif multicouche 100 tel que précité est particulièrement avantageux par rapport aux techniques antérieures utilisant un cordon car l'ensemble des couches peut être polymérisé en une fois. The method of manufacturing a multilayer device 100 as mentioned above is particularly advantageous compared to prior techniques using a cord because all the layers can be polymerized at once.
Ainsi, pour la réalisation du dispositif multicouche on réalise les étapes suivantes : Thus, for the realization of the multilayer device, the following steps are carried out:
une étape de pose d'une couche de surface 5, une étape de drapage d'une première couche de renfort 4, a step of laying a surface layer 5, a step of draping a first reinforcing layer 4,
une étape de pose d'un réseau chauffant 9, une étape de drapage d'une seconde couche de renfort 4 , a step of laying a heating network 9, a step of draping a second reinforcing layer 4,
une étape de mise sous vide du dispositif multicouche 100, une étape de polymérisation de la résine. a step of evacuating the multilayer device 100, a polymerization step of the resin.
De manière préférée, si la forme et les dimensions du moule à obtenir s'y prêtent, la polymérisation du moule est obtenue par chauffage à l'aide du réseau chauffant. Toutefois dans une variante de réalisation le chauffage permettant la polymérisation du dispositif multicouche (moule) sera extérieur et par exemple réalisé dans une étuve ou un autoclave. Preferably, if the shape and dimensions of the mold to be suitable, the polymerization of the mold is obtained by heating using the heating network. However, in an alternative embodiment, the heating for the polymerization of the multilayer device (mold) will be external and for example made in an oven or an autoclave.
Dans le cas où la résine est apportée par infusion, le procédé de fabrication comporte une étape de pose d'un tissu d'arrachage et d'une grille d'infusion et une étape d'infusion de la résine. Ces étapes sont réalisées respectivement avant et lors de l'étape de mise sous vide . In the case where the resin is provided by infusion, the manufacturing method comprises a step of laying a tearing cloth and an infusion grid and a step of infusion of the resin. These steps are performed respectively before and during the vacuuming step.
Dans le cas où les couches de renforts 4 sont pré-imprégnées ces étapes sont inutiles mais on peut prévoir en option une étape de pose d'un film de résine entre la couche de tissu sec 11 et l'une ou les deux couches de renforts 4 jouxtant la couche de tissu sec 11. In the case where the reinforcing layers 4 are pre-impregnated these steps are unnecessary but it is possible to provide an optional step of laying a resin film between the dry fabric layer 11 and one or both layers of reinforcements 4 adjacent to the dry cloth layer 11.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention le dispositif multicouche comprend plusieurs réseaux chauffants 9 disposés à des niveaux différents, pour ce faire, on prévoit au niveau du procédé de fabrication au moins une étape supplémentaire de pose d'un second réseau chauffant 9 et une étape supplémentaire de drapage d'une couche additionnelle de renfort 4. According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the multilayer device comprises several heating networks 9 arranged at different levels. To this end, at least one additional step of laying a second heating network 9 and a second heating network is provided at the level of the manufacturing process. additional step of draping an additional layer of reinforcement 4.
On mentionnera que les dispositifs multicouches 100 peuvent posséder deux faces fonctionnelles 7, et donc deux couches de surface 5. It will be mentioned that the multilayer devices 100 may have two functional faces 7, and therefore two surface layers 5.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1051024A FR2956555B1 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2010-02-15 | MULTILAYER DEVICE FOR ENDOGENEOUS HEATING MOLD AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME |
| FR1051024 | 2010-02-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011098291A1 true WO2011098291A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
Family
ID=42668636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/000660 Ceased WO2011098291A1 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-02-11 | Multilayer device for an endogenous heating mold and method for making said device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2956555B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011098291A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2995551A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-21 | Philippe Vigouroux | Mold for rotary molding device, has heating resistive unit that is incorporated in thickness of internal wall of each half-cavity, where temperature of internal wall is raised so as to raise internal temperature of mold |
| CN109716859A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2019-05-03 | Sh 科技有限公司 | Heat-generating units and heating module including it |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2981882B1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-11-29 | Arts | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SILICONE-SEALED MEMBRANE INTEGRATING A HEATING NETWORK |
| US20150306712A1 (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2015-10-29 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Embedded section heater for bonding composite structures, and associated apparatuses and methods |
| FR3055571B1 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2019-12-20 | Amvalor | MULTI-LAYERED COMPOSITE DEVICE OF AN ENDOGENOUS HEATING MOLD WITH FORCED COOLING SYSTEM. |
| FR3055570B1 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2019-11-01 | Amvalor | MULTILAYER DEVICE WITH METAL MOLD SKIN AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH MULTILAYER DEVICE |
| FR3106772B1 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2022-01-28 | Ecole Nat Superieure D’Arts Et Metiers | FLEXIBLE HEATING MAT FOR PREFORMING OR CONSOLIDATING COMPOSITE PARTS |
| FR3124966B1 (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2024-01-12 | Ecole Nat Superieure D’Arts Et Metiers | MULTILAYER MOLD DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE PARTS WITH THERMAL LOCKING BELT |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2417911A2 (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-09-14 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Mfr. of electrical heating element - suitable partic. for various electrical domestic appliances, and in the food industry |
| US4245149A (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1981-01-13 | Fairlie Ian F | Heating system for chairs |
| WO2001011920A1 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-15 | Watlow Polymer Technologies | Electrofusing of thermoplastic heating elements and elements made thereby |
| WO2002080619A1 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2002-10-10 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Formable thermoplastic laminate heating assembly useful in heating cheese and hot fudge |
-
2010
- 2010-02-15 FR FR1051024A patent/FR2956555B1/en active Active
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2011
- 2011-02-11 WO PCT/EP2011/000660 patent/WO2011098291A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2417911A2 (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-09-14 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Mfr. of electrical heating element - suitable partic. for various electrical domestic appliances, and in the food industry |
| US4245149A (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1981-01-13 | Fairlie Ian F | Heating system for chairs |
| WO2001011920A1 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-15 | Watlow Polymer Technologies | Electrofusing of thermoplastic heating elements and elements made thereby |
| WO2002080619A1 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2002-10-10 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Formable thermoplastic laminate heating assembly useful in heating cheese and hot fudge |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2995551A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-21 | Philippe Vigouroux | Mold for rotary molding device, has heating resistive unit that is incorporated in thickness of internal wall of each half-cavity, where temperature of internal wall is raised so as to raise internal temperature of mold |
| CN109716859A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2019-05-03 | Sh 科技有限公司 | Heat-generating units and heating module including it |
| EP3468300A4 (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2019-09-18 | SH Tech Co., Ltd. | HEATING UNIT AND HEATING MODULE COMPRISING SAME |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2956555B1 (en) | 2012-04-13 |
| FR2956555A1 (en) | 2011-08-19 |
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