WO2011092873A1 - 内燃機関の排気ガス処理方法及び装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気ガス処理方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011092873A1 WO2011092873A1 PCT/JP2010/059936 JP2010059936W WO2011092873A1 WO 2011092873 A1 WO2011092873 A1 WO 2011092873A1 JP 2010059936 W JP2010059936 W JP 2010059936W WO 2011092873 A1 WO2011092873 A1 WO 2011092873A1
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- exhaust gas
- dpf
- temperature
- filter
- internal combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/0235—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using exhaust gas throttling means
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
- F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
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- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
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- F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
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- F02D2041/0022—Controlling intake air for diesel engines by throttle control
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- F02D2041/0265—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to decrease temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0802—Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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- F02M26/10—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine having means to increase the pressure difference between the exhaust and intake system, e.g. venturis, variable geometry turbines, check valves using pressure pulsations or throttles in the air intake or exhaust system
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment method and apparatus provided with a pre-stage oxidation catalyst and a filter for collecting particulate matter in an exhaust gas passage of an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine.
- PM particulate matter
- DPF filter Diesel Particulate Filter
- a pre-stage oxidation catalyst (DOC; Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) is provided in the upstream exhaust gas passage of the DPF filter.
- DOC Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
- fuel is mainly injected into the combustion cylinder, and the main injected fuel is burned to generate engine output.
- fuel is injected in an early post-injection.
- Ariposuto injection is performed at the starting time t 1 of the forced regeneration step.
- Early post-injected fuel burns in a high temperature atmosphere in the combustion cylinder, and the high temperature generated by this combustion raises the temperature of the pre-stage oxidation catalyst to the activation temperature (DOC temperature rising stage A).
- curve X is the inlet temperature of the DPF filter device
- curve Y is the internal temperature of the DPF filter device
- curve Z is the pressure of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas passage.
- the forced regeneration process of the DPF filter when the diesel engine shifts from normal operation to low rotation and low load operation such as idling, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas increases and the amount of heat removed from the DPF filter by the exhaust gas decreases. As a result, the temperature inside the DPF rises and the combustion rate of the PM collected by the DPF filter increases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the internal temperature of the DPF filter device abnormally rises, and the DPF filter itself may be damaged due to thermal melting or cracking. In addition, when a catalyst is supported on the DPF filter, the catalyst may be thermally deteriorated.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an exhaust gas treatment device including a DPF filter device in an exhaust gas passage of a diesel engine.
- the clutch of the clutch that connects and disconnects the internal combustion engine and its load is detected.
- control is performed so that the rotation of the internal combustion engine is gradually switched to a rotational speed after clutch disconnection at a slower speed than normal.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that includes a front-stage oxidation catalyst and a DPF filter device in an exhaust gas passage of a diesel engine, and an EGR pipe that returns a part of the exhaust gas to an intake passage.
- a control prohibiting means for prohibiting the reduction of the exhaust gas flow rate is provided.
- the exhaust gas flow rate is maintained, and the DPF filter is cooled by carrying away heat.
- Patent Document 2 post-injection is performed in combination with the above-described control, and the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas is reduced by reacting additional fuel from the post-injection with oxygen in the exhaust gas. It is disclosed that PM combustion is suppressed and abnormal temperature rise of the DPF filter is prevented.
- the abnormal temperature rise prevention means of the DPF filter of Patent Document 1 is intended only for operation when the clutch is disengaged, and is a control that slowly reduces the engine speed, so that the change to a sudden low load other than when the clutch is disengaged Not applicable to
- the abnormal temperature rise prevention means of the DPF filter disclosed in Patent Document 2 is (1) when the internal combustion engine is in a no-load state or an idling state, and (2) the accumulated amount of PM collected in the DPF filter is a predetermined amount or more.
- DPF filter temperature DPF filter outlet exhaust gas temperature
- the reduction of the exhaust gas flow rate is stopped and the internal combustion engine is rotated at a high speed. I am trying to change it to the side.
- Patent Document 2 since it is necessary to provide a means for closing the EGR valve and use the EGR valve closing operation at the time of control, there is a problem that it is not effective for an internal combustion engine that does not use the EGR valve. is there.
- the present invention provides an exhaust gas treatment apparatus in which a pre-oxidation catalyst and a DPF filter are provided in an exhaust gas passage of an internal combustion engine to remove PM in the exhaust gas.
- a pre-oxidation catalyst and a DPF filter are provided in an exhaust gas passage of an internal combustion engine to remove PM in the exhaust gas.
- an exhaust gas treatment method for an internal combustion engine of the present invention includes: A trapping process for collecting particulate matter in exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine with a filter, and post-injecting fuel, and raising the temperature of the exhaust gas to the combustion temperature of the particulate matter with a pre-stage oxidation catalyst
- An exhaust gas treatment method for an internal combustion engine comprising: a forced regeneration step of burning and removing particulate matter collected by the filter with exhaust gas, During the forced regeneration step, the DPF that has detected the exhaust gas temperature at the filter and has transitioned from a high rotation or high load operation state to a low rotation and low load operation state including an idling state within a set time.
- a first step of determining the presence or absence of abnormal combustion occurrence operation In the first step, when it is determined that the inlet exhaust gas temperature of the filter is equal to or higher than the combustion temperature of the particulate matter and the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation has been performed, the filter is provided in the intake passage or the exhaust gas passage.
- the third step is performed in parallel with the second step, and the post injection is continued as it is, the oxygen concentration around the filter is lowered, and the combustion rate of the particulate matter is lowered.
- the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the DPF filter is detected in the first step, it can be confirmed that the forced regeneration process is reliably performed by the DPF filter. Further, as described above, according to the knowledge obtained by the present inventors, in an internal combustion engine, in particular, a diesel engine, an abnormal combustion of the DPF filter does not occur only in a low rotation and low load state, and high rotation It has been found that abnormal combustion occurs only when the state or high load state shifts to a low rotation / low load state within a certain time.
- the DPF abnormal combustion occurs operation when the time zone for shifting from the high rotation state or the high load state to the low rotation and low load state is within a range of 10 seconds or less. This is because the combustion speed at low rotation and low load is slower than the combustion speed at high rotation or high load in the steady state, and when transiently changes from high rotation or high load to low rotation and low load, This is because the PM combustion speed in the DPF remains at a high speed and becomes a low-rotation low-load operation state, and the probability of occurrence of DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation increases. Thereby, it is possible to more reliably determine the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation.
- the second step when it is determined that the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation has been performed, in the second step, an operation of fully opening the throttle valve provided in the intake passage or the exhaust gas passage is performed, or the low load operation is performed. At least one of the operations that does not lower the rotational speed at the time below the set value is performed.
- a decrease in the exhaust gas flow rate in a low rotation state or a low load state can be suppressed, and abnormal temperature rise of the DPF filter can be suppressed due to heat removal due to sensible heat of the exhaust gas.
- the opening operation of the throttle valve is not necessary, it is possible to perform the fully opening operation, so that simple control is required and the control device is inexpensive.
- the third step for continuing the post injection is performed.
- the oxygen concentration around the DPF filter can be reduced, and the burning rate of the particulate matter can be reduced.
- the third step is performed in parallel with the second step, the abnormal temperature rise of the DPF filter can be eliminated at an early stage.
- the forced regeneration process can be continued even in a low rotation and low load state. Therefore, the forced regeneration process is not interrupted or restarted, and the DPF filter can be maintained at a constant temperature at which PM can be removed by combustion, so that the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine does not decrease. Furthermore, since the post-injection is continued as it is, the post-injection amount required for raising the temperature of the DPF filter can be reduced at the time of restart after interruption of forced regeneration, and oil dilution that tends to occur in the forced regeneration process can be reduced. Fuel consumption can be reduced.
- the estimated deposition amount of the particulate matter is obtained, and when the estimated deposition amount exceeds the threshold value, each step from the first step to the third step is performed, and the estimated deposition amount is less than the threshold value. Then, the throttle valve opening control may be resumed and the post injection continued.
- the larger the estimated amount of particulate matter deposited the easier the DPF filter burns abnormally. Therefore, if the estimated accumulation amount is obtained, abnormal combustion of the DPF filter can be estimated with higher probability.
- the first step to the third step are performed when the estimated accumulation amount exceeds the set threshold value, abnormal combustion of the DPF filter can be reliably suppressed, and abnormality of the DPF filter can be prevented. When combustion does not occur, unnecessary control can be avoided. Further, when the estimated accumulation amount is equal to or less than the threshold value, the exhaust valve amount can be reduced while suppressing abnormal combustion of the DPF filter by restarting the throttle valve opening control and continuing the post injection. The post injection amount can be reduced, and the oil dilution can be reduced.
- the amount of PM emission can be obtained from the fuel injection amount of the internal combustion engine, and the amount of deposition can be obtained by subtracting the amount of PM combustion from this amount of PM emission.
- the accumulation amount can be obtained from the differential pressure of the exhaust gas before and after the DPF filter.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the upstream oxidation catalyst is detected, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is equal to or lower than the activation temperature of the upstream oxidation catalyst
- the forced regeneration process may be interrupted.
- a throttle valve provided in the intake passage or the exhaust gas passage; A temperature sensor for detecting an inlet exhaust gas temperature of the filter; DPF abnormal combustion determination means for determining whether or not there is a DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation in which the internal combustion engine has shifted from a high rotation or high load operation state to a low rotation low load operation state including an idling state within a set time; During the forced regeneration step of burning and removing the particulate matter collected by the filter, the exhaust gas temperature at the filter inlet is equal to or higher than the combustion temperature of the particulate matter, and the DPF abnormal combustion determination means performs the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation.
- the throttle valve When it is determined that there is, the throttle valve is fully opened, or at least one of the operations that does not lower the rotation speed during low load operation to a setting value or less is performed, the exhaust gas flow rate is increased, and post injection is performed. And a controller that performs control so as to continue as it is.
- the controller performs at least one of the operation of fully opening the throttle valve or not lowering the rotation speed during the low load operation to a setting value or less.
- the DPF filter is cooled by increasing the flow rate and removing heat by sensible heat of the exhaust gas.
- the oxygen concentration around the DPF filter is lowered and the combustion rate of PM trapped in the DPF filter is reduced, so that the abnormal temperature rise of the DPF filter can be accelerated. Can be resolved.
- the apparatus further comprises means for estimating the amount of particulate matter deposited, wherein the controller has a DPF filter inlet exhaust gas temperature equal to or higher than the combustion temperature of the particulate matter, and the DPF abnormal combustion determination means causes the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation.
- the controller has a DPF filter inlet exhaust gas temperature equal to or higher than the combustion temperature of the particulate matter
- the DPF abnormal combustion determination means causes the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation.
- An exhaust gas treatment method for an internal combustion engine comprising: a forced regeneration step, wherein the particulate matter trapped in the filter is combusted and removed with the exhaust gas whose temperature has been elevated.
- the exhaust gas temperature is detected, and whether or not there is a DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation in which the internal combustion engine has shifted from a high rotation or high load operation state to a low rotation low load operation state including an idling state within a set time
- the third step is performed in parallel with the second step, and the post-injection is continued as it is, and the oxygen concentration around the filter is lowered and the combustion rate of the particulate matter is lowered. Since the abnormal temperature rise due to abnormal combustion can be eliminated at an early stage, the DPF filter can be prevented from being damaged due to thermal melting or cracking, and the thermal idling state within a set time
- the occurrence of abnormal combustion of the DPF filter can be predicted fairly accurately, unnecessary control is performed when abnormal combustion of the DPF filter is performed, and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine does not need to be reduced.
- the forced regeneration process is not interrupted and restarted, and the DPF filter can be maintained at a constant temperature at which PM can be removed by combustion. do not do.
- oil dilution that tends to occur in the forced regeneration process can be reduced, and fuel consumption can be reduced.
- the exhaust gas passage of the internal combustion engine is provided with the pre-stage oxidation catalyst and the filter, the particulate matter in the exhaust gas is collected by the filter, the fuel is post-injected, and the pre-stage oxidation catalyst exhausts the exhaust gas.
- an exhaust gas treatment apparatus for an internal combustion engine that raises the gas to the combustion temperature of particulate matter and burns and removes the particulate matter collected by the filter with the heated exhaust gas, it is provided in the intake passage or the exhaust passage.
- 1 is a system diagram of a diesel engine according to a first embodiment of the method and apparatus of the present invention. It is a diagram which shows an example of the DPF abnormal combustion century operation of the said 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the operation procedure which concerns on the said 1st Embodiment. It is a diagram which shows transition of the temperature of the DPF filter of the said 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the operation procedure which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of the method and apparatus of this invention. It is a diagram which shows the threshold value of PM deposition amount which concerns on the said 2nd Embodiment. It is a diagram which shows the fuel-injection process of a diesel engine. It is a diagram which shows the forced regeneration process of the DPF filter of a diesel engine. It is a diagram which shows the temperature of a DPF filter when it transfers to the low rotation state or a low load state in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the conventional diesel engine.
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment in which the method and apparatus of the present invention are applied to a diesel engine will be described with reference to FIGS.
- a piston 14 is built in a combustion cylinder 12 of a diesel engine 10, and a combustion chamber 16 is formed above the piston 14.
- An intake pipe 18 and an exhaust pipe 20 are connected to the cylinder head of the combustion cylinder 12, and an intake valve 22 and an exhaust valve 24 are provided at these connecting portions.
- an injector 26 for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber 16 is provided in the upper center of the cylinder head.
- Fuel such as light oil
- the fuel injection timing and the injection amount are precisely controlled by the ECU 32.
- the injected fuel is mixed with the air supplied from the intake pipe 18, and the air-fuel mixture is compressed in the combustion chamber 16 to ignite and burn.
- the diesel engine 10 includes an exhaust turbocharger 34 including an exhaust turbine 36 disposed in the exhaust pipe 20 and a compressor 38 disposed in the intake pipe 18 and driven coaxially with the exhaust turbine 36. .
- the air a discharged from the compressor 38 of the exhaust turbocharger 34 passes through the intake pipe 18 and is cooled by the intercooler 40 and then enters the intake chamber 42.
- An intake throttle valve 44 that controls the opening degree of the intake pipe 18 is provided on the inlet side of the intake chamber 42.
- the air supply chamber 42 is provided with a supply air pressure sensor 46 and an air supply temperature sensor 48.
- the downstream side exhaust pipe 20 of the exhaust turbine 36 is provided with a front stage oxidation catalyst 50 and a DPF filter device 52 on the downstream side of the front stage oxidation catalyst 50.
- the combustion gas combusted in the combustion chamber 16, that is, the exhaust gas e is discharged to the exhaust pipe 20 and drives the exhaust turbine 36 of the exhaust turbocharger 34 to become a power source for the compressor 38. Thereafter, the exhaust gas e passes through the pre-stage oxidation catalyst 50 and the DPF filter device 52, and PM contained in the exhaust gas e is collected by the DPF filter device 52.
- the exhaust gas e from which PM has been removed by the DPF filter device 52 is discharged to the outside from a muffler outlet (not shown).
- exhaust temperature sensors 54, 56, and 58 for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas e are provided in the exhaust pipe 20 on the inlet side of the upstream oxidation catalyst 50 and on the inlet side and outlet side of the DPF filter device 52, respectively. Further, a differential pressure sensor 66 for detecting the pressure difference of the exhaust gas e between the inlet and the outlet of the DPF filter device 52 is provided, and an intake flow meter 68 is provided at the inlet of the intake pipe 18.
- the exhaust pipe 20 is provided with an exhaust throttle valve 70 for controlling the exhaust gas flow rate.
- An EGR pipe 60 is connected between the intake pipe 18 and the exhaust pipe 20.
- the EGR pipe 60 is provided with an EGR valve 64 that controls the opening degree of the EGR cooler 62 and the EGR pipe 60.
- a part of the exhaust gas e passes through the EGR pipe 60, is cooled by the EGR cooler 62, and then returned to the intake chamber 42. This reduces the amount of oxygen in the intake air, lowering the combustion temperature of the peak, thereby suppressing the occurrence of NO X.
- the exhaust temperature sensors 54, 56, 58, the differential pressure sensor 66, the detected value of the intake flow meter 68, and the opening signal of the exhaust throttle valve 70 are sent to the ECU 32. Further, an engine load signal or a fuel injection amount signal and an engine speed are input to the ECU 32. Based on these input values, the ECU 32 controls the operation of the diesel engine 10 by controlling the injector 26, the injector pump 28, the intake throttle valve 44, the EGR valve 64, and the like.
- the ECU 32 includes an operation region determination unit 72 and a DPF abnormal combustion determination unit 74.
- the operation region determination means 72 determines in which region shown in FIG. 2 the operation state of the diesel engine 10 is based on the engine load signal or fuel injection amount signal input to the ECU 32 and the engine speed.
- the DPF abnormal combustion determination means 74 is set from the region ⁇ in which the diesel engine 10 is in the high rotation or high load operation state to the region ⁇ in the medium rotation or medium load operation state.
- DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation in which the DPF filter device 52 may cause abnormal combustion when it shifts to a region ⁇ that is in a low rotation and low load operation state including an idling state within a time T 1 (for example, a range within 10 seconds). Determine that has happened.
- step 10 issues a command for ECU32 is forced regeneration process starts (step 10), as shown in FIG. 7, after the main injection of fuel into the combustion chamber 16, at the start time t 1 of the forced regeneration step, the fuel Early post injection. Early post-injected fuel is combusted at the temperature of the combustion chamber 16, and as shown in FIG. 8, the temperature of the preceding oxidation catalyst 50 is raised to the activation temperature in the preceding oxidation catalyst temperature raising stage A (step 11).
- the pre-stage oxidation catalyst 50 If the pre-stage oxidation catalyst 50 does not reach the activation temperature even after the early post-injection, the pre-stage oxidation catalyst 50 is heated by the restriction of the intake pipe 18 by the intake throttle valve 44 and the change in the early post-injection conditions. Even when the pre-oxidation catalyst 50 reaches the activation temperature or higher, the throttle by the intake throttle valve 44 and the change of the early post injection conditions are continuously performed.
- the exhaust temperature sensor 56 detects the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the DPF filter device 52 (step 13).
- the inlet exhaust gas temperature is higher than ⁇ target temperature (for example, 600 ° C.) ⁇ 30 ° C.>, and it is confirmed that the forced regeneration process is performed reliably.
- the inlet exhaust gas temperature is ⁇ target temperature (for example, 600 ° C.) ⁇ 30 ° C.> or less, the process returns to step 12.
- the ECU 32 determines the operating state from the engine load signal or fuel injection amount signal and the engine speed (step 14).
- the operation state determined here belongs to the region ⁇ and then shifts to the operation region ⁇ of low rotation and low load
- the DPF abnormal combustion determination means 74 determines that the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation has occurred (step 15). .
- step 14 When it is determined that the operation state does not belong to the region ⁇ (step 14) or that the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation does not occur (step 15), the process returns to step 12, or the duration of the forced regeneration process (here, If the allowable time set for the DPF filter device 52 at which the inlet exhaust gas temperature is 600 ⁇ 30 ° C. has passed (step 16), the forced regeneration process is completed (step 17).
- step 15 If it is determined in step 15 that the DPF abnormal combustion occurs, the control of the intake throttle valve 44 is interrupted and fully opened.
- a rotational speed ⁇ higher than the engine rotational speed in a normal idling state is set in advance.
- the engine speed is increased to the rotational speed ⁇ (step 18). For example, the engine speed is increased from 1,000 rpm to 1,200 rpm. By this operation, the exhaust gas flow rate can be rapidly increased. At this time, the late post injection continues as it is.
- step 19 the operation state is determined again (step 19). If the operation state does not belong to the region ⁇ , the control of the intake throttle valve 44 is resumed (step 20), and then the process returns to step 12. If the operating state is still in the region ⁇ , the exhaust temperature sensor 54 or 56 detects the inlet or outlet exhaust gas temperature of the pre-stage oxidation catalyst 50 (step 21). If these detected values are below the activation temperature, it is determined that the forced regeneration process has not been performed, and the forced regeneration process is interrupted (step 22).
- step 20 the control of the intake throttle valve 44 is resumed (step 20), and then the process proceeds to step 12. Return. Otherwise, return to step 18.
- the exhaust gas flow rate is increased, While heat removal by heat is performed and the rate post injection is continued as it is, the oxygen concentration of the DPF filter device 52 is lowered and the combustion rate of PM is lowered, so the abnormal temperature rise of the DPF filter device 52 Can be resolved early. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the DPF filter from being damaged due to thermal melting or cracking, and to prevent thermal deterioration of the catalyst carried on the DPF filter.
- a rotational speed ⁇ higher than the engine rotational speed in the normal idling state is set in advance, and in step 18, the engine rotational speed is set to the rotational speed ⁇ in parallel with the control interruption (full open) of the intake throttle valve 44. Since the exhaust gas flow rate is increased, the exhaust gas flow rate can be rapidly increased. Therefore, the abnormal temperature rise of the DPF filter device 52 can be eliminated at an early stage in the initial stage of control.
- FIG. 4 shows the temperature transition of the DPF filter according to the present embodiment when transitioning from the region ⁇ to the idling operation (region ⁇ ) during the forced regeneration process, and the temperature transition of the DPF filter when the conventional operation is performed. Is shown in comparison.
- idling is performed within a set time T 1 from a region ⁇ that is an operation state of high rotation or high load through a region ⁇ that is an operation state of medium rotation or medium load.
- the temperature of the DPF filter does not increase so much from the target temperature (for example, 600 ° C.), and substantially follows the target temperature. I understand that.
- abnormal combustion of the DPF filter may occur only when the operation state of the diesel engine 10 shifts from the high rotation or high load region ⁇ to the low rotation and low load operation including the idling state within the set time T 1. Therefore, the abnormal combustion prevention control is performed, and therefore, unnecessary control is not performed and the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine 10 is not lowered easily.
- the late post injection is continued as it is, so that the forced regeneration process can be continued, and the forced regeneration process is not interrupted or restarted, and the DPF filter is burned with PM. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine 10 does not decrease.
- the post-injection amount required to raise the temperature of the DPF filter can be reduced when restarting after a forced regeneration interruption, oil dilution that tends to occur in the forced regeneration process can be reduced, and fuel consumption can be reduced. Become.
- the control during abnormal combustion of the DPF filter since the control of the intake throttle valve 44 is simply interrupted and fully opened, the control device can be reduced in cost.
- the intake throttle valve 44 is provided in the intake pipe 18 to control the exhaust gas flow rate, but the opening of the exhaust throttle valve 70 provided in the exhaust pipe 20 instead of the intake pipe 18 is controlled. May be controlled to control the exhaust gas flow rate.
- both the intake throttle valve 44 and the exhaust throttle valve 70 may be controlled.
- the exhaust gas flow rate is increased so that the forced regeneration process is interrupted when the exhaust gas temperature passing through the front stage oxidation catalyst becomes lower than the activation temperature of the front stage oxidation catalyst 50. Therefore, fuel consumption can be reduced.
- Step 24 Step 25, and Step 26 are different from those of the first embodiment, and the others are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- step 25 the amount of accumulated PM collected in the DPF filter device 52 is estimated.
- the fuel injection amount and the fuel combustion amount input to the ECU 32 are obtained as a function of the exhaust gas temperature, and the collected PM amount can be obtained by subtracting the fuel combustion amount from the fuel injection amount.
- the PM deposition amount can be obtained from the differential pressure of the exhaust gas before and after the DPF filter device 52 obtained by the differential pressure sensor 66.
- a threshold value C is provided for the PM estimated accumulation amount, and when the PM estimated accumulation amount exceeds the threshold value C, the operation according to the present invention is performed. Further, when the estimated PM accumulation amount is equal to or less than the threshold value C and it is not determined that the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation is performed, the process proceeds to step 25. In step 25, when the estimated PM deposition amount is equal to or less than the set value and the duration of the forced regeneration process is equal to or longer than the set time, the forced regeneration process is completed. Otherwise, the process returns to step 12. Yes.
- step 21 when the estimated PM accumulation amount is equal to or less than the threshold value C, or when the control interruption time of the intake throttle valve 44 exceeds the set allowable time, the intake throttle valve 44 is controlled. If not, the process returns to step 18. At this time, the late post injection is continued as it is.
- FIG. 6 shows respective threshold values C1 to C3 when the target temperature of the DPF filter is 570 ° C., 600 ° C., or 630 ° C.
- the threshold value C may be changed according to the target temperature of the DPF filter. That is, when the target temperature is low, the threshold value C is increased, and when the target temperature is high, the threshold value C is decreased. The reason is that the higher the target temperature, the more likely the abnormal combustion of the DPF filter occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress the occurrence of abnormal combustion by setting the threshold value C small.
- the PM estimated accumulation amount when determining the presence or absence of the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation, a factor called the PM estimated accumulation amount is added, and the operation is changed according to the PM estimated accumulation amount. It is possible to accurately grasp the situation that occurs. Therefore, it is possible to reliably grasp abnormal combustion of the DPF filter and prevent an abnormal temperature increase of the DPF filter at an early stage. Further, when the DPF abnormal combustion occurrence operation is performed, unnecessary operation is not required, so that the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine 10 is not lowered.
- the opening degree control of the intake throttle valve 44 is resumed and the late post injection is continued, thereby suppressing the abnormal combustion of the DPF filter device 52 and the exhaust gas amount. Therefore, the late post injection amount can be reduced, and the oil dilution can be reduced.
- an exhaust gas treatment apparatus for an internal combustion engine particularly a diesel engine
- abnormal combustion of the DPF filter can be prevented, and damage to the DPF filter and thermal deterioration of the catalyst carried on the DPF filter can be effectively prevented.
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Abstract
Description
DPFは、排気ガス温度が低い運転状態では、DPFにPMが溜まり続けるので、排気ガスの温度を強制的に上昇させて、PMを燃焼除去する強制再生を行なう必要がある。
図7に示すように、燃焼シリンダに燃料が主噴射され、主噴射された燃料が燃焼してエンジン出力を発生する。主噴射後、燃料がアーリポスト噴射される。図7に示すように、アーリポスト噴射は、強制再生工程の開始時点t1で行なわれる。アーリポスト噴射された燃料は、燃焼シリンダ内の高温雰囲気で燃焼し、この燃焼で生じた高温により、前段酸化触媒が活性温度まで昇温される(DOC昇温ステージA)。
従って、特許文献2に開示された手段では、DPFフィルタの異常燃焼が起こらないときに、不必要な制御を行なうことになり、その分ディーゼル機関の燃焼効率が低下するという問題がある。
内燃機関から排出された排気ガス中の粒子状物質をフィルタで捕集する捕集工程と、燃料をポスト噴射し、前段酸化触媒で排気ガスを粒子状物質の燃焼温度まで昇温させ、昇温した排気ガスで前記フィルタに捕集された粒子状物質を燃焼除去する強制再生工程と、からなる内燃機関の排ガス処理方法において、
前記強制再生工程中に、前記フィルタの入口排気ガス温度を検出し、かつ内燃機関が高回転又は高負荷の運転状態から、設定時間以内にアイドリング状態を含む低回転低負荷運転状態に移行したDPF異常燃焼生起運転の有無を判定する第1ステップと、
該第1ステップで、該フィルタの入口排気ガス温度が前記粒子状物質の燃焼温度以上であり、かつ前記DPF異常燃焼生起運転があったと判定されたとき、吸気路又は排気ガス路に設けられたスロットルバルブを全開するか、又は低負荷運転時の回転数を設定値以下に下げない操作の少なくとも一方を行ない、排気ガス流量を増大させる第2ステップと、
該第2ステップと並行して行なわれ、ポスト噴射をそのまま継続し、前記フィルタ周囲の酸素濃度を低下させ、前記粒子状物質の燃焼速度を低下させる第3ステップと、からなるものである。
また、前述のように、本発明者等が得た知見によれば、内燃機関、特に、ディーゼル機関において、単に低回転低負荷状態であるだけでは、DPFフィルタの異常燃焼が起こらず、高回転状態又は高負荷状態から一定時間内に低回転低負荷状態に移行したときのみ異常燃焼が起こることが判明した。
これによって、低回転状態又は低負荷状態での排気ガス流量の低下を抑制でき、排気ガスの顕熱による熱持ち去りにより、DPFフィルタの異常昇温を抑制できる。また、スロットルバルブの開度制御をすることなく、全開とする操作でよいので、簡単な制御で済み、制御装置が安価となる。
さらに、ポスト噴射をそのまま継続するので、強制再生中断後の再開時においてDPFフィルタの昇温に必要なポスト噴射量を低減でき、強制再生工程に発生しがちなオイルダイリューションも低減できると共に、燃料消費量の低減が可能になる。
また、該推定堆積量が閾値以下となったら、前記スロットルバルブの開度制御を再開させ、かつポスト噴射を継続させることにより、DPFフィルタの異常燃焼を抑えながら、排気ガス量を低減できるので、ポスト噴射量を低減でき、引いては、オイルダイリューションを低減できる。
第2ステップ及び第3ステップを実施することにより、排気ガス温度が低下し、前段酸化触媒を通る排気ガス温度が前段酸化触媒の活性温度以下となったとき、強制再生は起こらなくなる。このとき強制再生工程を続行しても無駄であるので、強制再生工程を中断するようにする。これによって、燃料消費量を低減できる。
内燃機関の排気ガス通路に前段酸化触媒及びフィルタを備え、排気ガス中の粒子状物質を該フィルタで捕集すると共に、燃料をポスト噴射し、該前段酸化触媒で排気ガスを粒子状物質の燃焼温度まで昇温させ、昇温した排気ガスで前記フィルタに捕集された粒子状物質を燃焼除去する内燃機関の排ガス処理装置において、
吸気路又は排気ガス路に設けられたスロットルバルブと、
前記フィルタの入口排気ガス温度を検出する温度センサと、
内燃機関が高回転又は高負荷の運転状態から、設定時間以内にアイドリング状態を含む低回転低負荷運転状態に移行したDPF異常燃焼生起運転の有無を判定するDPF異常燃焼判定手段と、
前記フィルタに捕集された粒子状物質を燃焼除去する強制再生工程中に、前記フィルタ入口排気ガス温度が粒子状物質の燃焼温度以上であり、かつ該DPF異常燃焼判定手段によりDPF異常燃焼生起運転があったと判定されたとき、前記スロットルバルブを全開とするか、又は低負荷運転時の回転数を設定値以下に下げない操作の少なくとも一方を行ない、排気ガス流量を増大させると共に、ポスト噴射をそのまま継続させるように制御するコントローラと、を備えたものである。
また、DPF異常燃焼生起運転があったと判定されたとき、コントローラで、スロットルバルブを全開とするか、又は低負荷運転時の回転数を設定値以下に下げない操作の少なくとも一方を行ない、排気ガス流量を増大させて、排気ガスの顕熱による熱持ち去りにより、DPFフィルタを冷却する。同時に、ポスト噴射をそのまま継続させることにより、DPFフィルタ周囲の酸素濃度を低下させ、DPFフィルタに捕集されたPMの燃焼速度を低減するようにしているので、DPFフィルタの異常昇温を早期に解消できる。
本発明方法及び装置をディーゼル機関に適用した第1実施形態を図1~図3により説明する。図1において、ディーゼル機関10の燃焼シリンダ12の内部にピストン14が内蔵され、ピストン14の上方に燃焼室16が形成されている。燃焼シリンダ12のシリンダヘッドには、吸気管18及び排気管20が接続され、これらの接続部には、吸気弁22及び排気弁24が設けられている。
例えば、エンジン回転数を1,000rpmから1,200rpmに増加させる。この操作によって、排気ガス流量を急激に増大できる。このとき、レイトポスト噴射はそのまま続行する。
さらに、強制再生中断後の再開時においてDPFフィルタの昇温に必要なポスト噴射量を低減でき、強制再生工程に発生しがちなオイルダイリューションも低減できると共に、燃料消費量の低減が可能になる。
さらに、DPFフィルタの異常燃焼時の制御として、吸気スロットルバルブ44の制御を中断させて、全開とするだけの簡単な制御を行なうので、制御装置を低コストにできる。
次に、本発明方法及び装置の第2実施形態を図5及び図6により説明する。本実施形態に係るディーゼル機関10の構成は、前記第1実施形態と同一である。図5に示すように、本実施形態の操作手順では、ステップ24、ステップ25及びステップ26が第1実施形態と異なり、その他は第1実施形態と同一である。
Claims (5)
- 内燃機関から排出された排気ガス中の粒子状物質をフィルタで捕集する捕集工程と、燃料をポスト噴射し、前段酸化触媒で排気ガスを粒子状物質の燃焼温度まで昇温させ、昇温した排気ガスで前記フィルタに捕集された粒子状物質を燃焼除去する強制再生工程と、からなる内燃機関の排ガス処理方法において、
前記強制再生工程中に、前記フィルタの入口排気ガス温度を検出し、かつ内燃機関が高回転又は高負荷の運転状態から、設定時間以内にアイドリング状態を含む低回転低負荷運転状態に移行したDPF異常燃焼生起運転の有無を判定する第1ステップと、
該第1ステップで、該フィルタの入口排気ガス温度が前記粒子状物質の燃焼温度以上であり、かつ前記DPF異常燃焼生起運転があったと判定されたとき、吸気路又は排気ガス路に設けられたスロットルバルブを全開するか、又は低負荷運転時の回転数を設定値以下に下げない操作の少なくとも一方を行ない、排気ガス流量を増大させる第2ステップと、
該第2ステップと並行して行なわれ、ポスト噴射をそのまま継続し、前記フィルタ周囲の酸素濃度を低下させ、前記粒子状物質の燃焼速度を低下させる第3ステップと、からなることを特徴とする内燃機関の排ガス処理方法。 - 前記粒子状物質の推定堆積量を求めると共に、該推定堆積量が閾値を越えた時に、前記第1ステップから第3ステップまでの各ステップを行なうと共に、該推定堆積量が閾値以下となったら、前記スロットルバルブの開度制御を再開させ、かつポスト噴射を継続させるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排ガス処理方法。
- 前記第1ステップから第3ステップまでの各ステップを行なった後、前段酸化触媒を通る排気ガスの温度を検出し、該排気ガスの温度が前段酸化触媒の活性温度以下であるとき、強制再生工程を中断させるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排ガス処理方法。
- 内燃機関の排気ガス通路に前段酸化触媒及びフィルタを備え、排気ガス中の粒子状物質を該フィルタで捕集すると共に、燃料をポスト噴射し、該前段酸化触媒で排気ガスを粒子状物質の燃焼温度まで昇温させ、昇温した排気ガスで前記フィルタに捕集された粒子状物質を燃焼除去する内燃機関の排ガス処理装置において、
吸気路又は排気ガス路に設けられたスロットルバルブと、
前記フィルタの入口排気ガス温度を検出する温度センサと、
内燃機関が高回転又は高負荷の運転状態から、設定時間以内にアイドリング状態を含む低回転低負荷運転状態に移行したDPF異常燃焼生起運転の有無を判定するDPF異常燃焼判定手段と、
前記フィルタに捕集された粒子状物質を燃焼除去する強制再生工程中に、前記フィルタ入口排気ガス温度が粒子状物質の燃焼温度以上であり、かつ該DPF異常燃焼判定手段によりDPF異常燃焼生起運転があったと判定されたとき、前記スロットルバルブを全開とするか、又は低負荷運転時の回転数を設定値以下に下げない操作の少なくとも一方を行ない、排気ガス流量を増大させると共に、ポスト噴射をそのまま継続させるように制御するコントローラと、を備えたことを特徴とする内燃機関の排ガス処理装置。 - 前記粒子状物質の堆積量を推定する手段を備え、
前記コントローラが、前記フィルタ入口排気ガス温度が粒子状物質の燃焼温度以上であり、前記DPF異常燃焼判定手段によりDPF異常燃焼生起運転があったと判定されると共に、前記手段により推定された粒子状物質の堆積量が閾値を越えた時に、前記スロットルバルブを全開とするか、又は低負荷運転時の回転数を設定値以下に下げない操作の少なくとも一方を行ない、排気ガス流量を増大させると共に、ポスト噴射をそのまま継続させるように制御するものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の内燃機関の排ガス処理装置。
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| EP2530264A4 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
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| JP5614996B2 (ja) | 2014-10-29 |
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