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WO2011089182A1 - Ensemble batterie à plaque d'accumulation de chaleur - Google Patents

Ensemble batterie à plaque d'accumulation de chaleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2011089182A1
WO2011089182A1 PCT/EP2011/050747 EP2011050747W WO2011089182A1 WO 2011089182 A1 WO2011089182 A1 WO 2011089182A1 EP 2011050747 W EP2011050747 W EP 2011050747W WO 2011089182 A1 WO2011089182 A1 WO 2011089182A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat storage
battery system
ceramic
storage plate
batteries
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2011/050747
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Woehrle
Werner Denninger
Dieter Schmidt
Rainer Kern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Robert Bosch Battery Systems GmbH
SB LiMotive Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
SB LiMotive Germany GmbH
SB LiMotive Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, SB LiMotive Germany GmbH, SB LiMotive Co Ltd filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to EP11700559A priority Critical patent/EP2526579A1/fr
Publication of WO2011089182A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011089182A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery system which comprises a plurality of batteries, wherein between at least two of the batteries at least one heat storage plate is arranged, the material of which essentially comprises ceramic.
  • a battery in relation to the present invention is meant not only a system of a plurality of galvanic cells connected in parallel or in series, but with a battery may also mean a single cell.
  • FIG. 4 shows the conventional assembly of individual batteries 10.
  • a battery 10 may comprise one or more battery cells, as shown in the uppermost illustration in FIG.
  • a battery system 1 wherein the individual batteries 10 or battery cells are arranged as compact as possible.
  • a battery system 1 is also called a battery module.
  • battery systems 1 or battery modules can be combined to form a battery pack 2, as can be seen from the bottom view of FIG.
  • the illustrated arrangement of batteries 10 or battery cells to battery modules and / or battery packs is customary in particular for lithium-ion batteries or for lithium-ion battery cells.
  • Battery cells composed of batteries are widely known. It is under a battery cell as well as under one of battery cells together. each set battery to understand an accumulator that is electrically charged and discharged again.
  • the battery cell is a single galvanic cell, which provides a characteristic voltage depending on the combination of the materials of the electrodes of the cell. To build a battery of several battery cells, they are electrically connected in series or in parallel.
  • lithium-ion batteries are known which are used as rechargeable energy stores, in particular in mobile devices and devices.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are also used in the automotive sector, where they are used, for example, in hybrid and electric vehicles. Particularly in this area, the highest demands are placed on the safety of lithium-ion batteries.
  • Lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion polymer batteries may exhibit abnormal behavior such as charger failure and overcharging, or abuse or momentum due to an accident resulting in deformation and / or entry a mechanical tension, as in an accident, heat up more or less quickly.
  • the reason for this is internal short circuits, which inevitably lead to temperature increases in the cell. These may cause the
  • lithium-ion batteries are usually assembled into a so-called module, as already described in relation to FIG. As a rule, between the lithium
  • Ion batteries arranged cooling plates. Although a portion of the amount of heat generated by the batteries can be dissipated with these cooling plates, the cooling plates can practically not prevent an adjacent battery, to a certain extent and in the event of an uncontrollable overheating ("thermal runaway") of a battery Transfer of heat, flames or fire is also driven into an uncontrollable overheating.
  • DE 101 34 145 A1 describes a fire-retardant battery housing whose wall comprises a composite material of a first layer, such as steel, and a second layer containing a thermally active material.
  • a battery system which comprises a plurality of batteries, wherein between at least two of the batteries at least one heat storage plate is arranged, the material of which essentially comprises a ceramic-based material.
  • the individual batteries of the battery system can each be formed from only one battery cell or multiple battery cells.
  • the battery cells are lithium-ion cells. It is inventively provided that the two lateral surfaces of the heat storage plate are formed substantially by the ceramic material.
  • Ceramics consist of inorganic materials and can generally first be shaped with the addition of water at room temperature and then dried and cured or sintered in a subsequent firing process above 1 173 K.
  • ceramic also includes materials based on oxides and thus also silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ) or silicates.
  • the individual batteries of the battery system or battery module are usually connected in series or in parallel.
  • the heat storage plate preferably contacts the large side surfaces of the usually prismatically designed battery body.
  • the heat storage plate has substantially the shape of a plate having a shape approximate to a flat surface. That is, the two large side surfaces of the heat storage plate are substantially larger than the surfaces forming the periphery of the heat storage plate.
  • the ceramic material preferably forms the entire surfaces of the side surfaces.
  • the heat storage plate according to the invention thus functions according to the system of heat tiles. Such heat tiles are known from application to spacecraft. They have the advantage that they can store extreme heat with a temperature of over 1473 K inside. Consequently, this heat can not be transferred to nearby aggregates.
  • the inventive arrangement of the ceramic material on both sides of the heat storage plate can be heat input into the heat storage plate from both sides.
  • the advantage of the invention is in particular that the arrangement of the heat storage plate due to their large heat storage capacity heat transfer from a battery to an adjacent battery can be prevented, no matter in which direction the heat flow.
  • the ceramic-containing material is a silicon ceramic or a boron ceramic or an aluminum ceramic.
  • the ceramic content of the heat storage plate material should be at least 60%. Such a mass fraction causes a sufficient heat storage capacity at low material and manufacturing costs.
  • the ceramic content of the heat storage plate material should be at least 80%.
  • the material according to the invention is a ceramic silicate or a silicon dioxide.
  • the ceramic material may also be an aluminum oxide such as Al 2 O 3 .
  • Such materials have particularly good heat storage capabilities and can be processed with relatively low production costs to sufficiently thin heat storage plates, so that a module assembled from individual batteries with such heat storage plates has a low space requirement. It also makes sense that a heat storage plate made of ceramic consists of glass ceramic.
  • the heat storage plate is made entirely of the ceramic material. That is, for example, no intermediate layer of another material is disposed between the outer surfaces comprising the ceramic-containing material.
  • the heat storage plate can thus be constructed exclusively of ceramic-containing material, wherein optionally provided on the heat storage plate holders for mechanical fastening, which may be made of a different material. That is, the static strength of such a heat storage plate is applied solely by the ceramic-containing material must be and no reinforcing elements are arranged in the heat storage plate.
  • Flow is arranged with a medium, in particular a cooling liquid.
  • a medium in particular a cooling liquid.
  • Heat storage plate arranged channels can be derived. Such a heat storage plate thus serves not only to prevent a thermal chain reaction, but also for normal cooling of the batteries during operation.
  • the invention prevents heat and / or flames emanating from a first battery, be forwarded to an adjacent battery and thus also provoke an uncontrollable overheating in the adjacent battery.
  • the battery system according to the invention may further be equipped with at least one substantially configured as a bottom plate cooling system with channels for flow with a medium, the medium may be in particular a cooling liquid and the batteries are placed on the formed as a bottom plate cooling system.
  • the liquid-cooled heat storage plates and designed as a cooling system bottom plate advantageously the cooling channels of heat storage plate and bottom plate are connected together in a line system.
  • the bottom plate is preferably made of aluminum or a suitable alloy. In particular, in fluid-technical connection of heat storage plates and bottom plate they are mechanically attached to each other.
  • the heat storage plate On its side facing the bottom plate on a foot area, whose
  • Base area is greater than a cross-sectional area of the heat storage plate in an over the foot area parallel to the surface of the bottom plate extending plane.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous if the battery system has a housing surrounding the batteries at least partially, wherein at least one heat storage plate is arranged on a housing wall or these forms.
  • the heat storage plate according to the invention is not only provided for the arrangement between individual batteries or battery cells, but that they can also form parts of a housing or a complete housing, so that generated by a battery system heat can be stored in the heat storage plates and not for heating and / or ignition of adjacent battery systems or items.
  • FIG. 2 shows a battery system with heat storage plates in front view
  • Figure 3 shows a battery system in an exploded view
  • Figure 4 conventional assembly of batteries.
  • a battery system 1 has a plurality of individual batteries 10, which in a preferred embodiment are prismatic and have terminals 12 on their upper sides. It means batteries with the batteries shown here, which may be off one or more individual cells. In particular, the batteries may be lithium-ion batteries.
  • the heat storage plates 20 are arranged. It can be seen that the heat storage plates 20 contact the side surfaces 1 1 of the batteries 10 directly. Thereby, the introduction of heat from the batteries 10 is facilitated in the heat storage plates 20, so that from the batteries 10 through the side surfaces 1 1 emitted heat can be stored mainly by the heat storage plates 20 and prevents that in an uncontrolled heating of one of the batteries Heat can also heat an adjacent battery so that their heating process is no longer controllable. That is, by the heat storage plates 20 according to the invention and their arrangement between the batteries 10, a thermal chain reaction within the battery system 1 is prevented.
  • the lateral surface 21 of the heat storage plate 20 over the entire surface of the side surface 1 1 of the battery 10 comes to rest.
  • the heat storage plates 20 are preferably made entirely from the ceramic-containing material, so that heat can be introduced into the heat storage plate 20 through both lateral surfaces 21. This means that heat can be absorbed effectively on both sides by the heat storage plate 20 and heat in a relatively short time since no insulating intermediate layers or outer layers are arranged on the heat storage plate 20.
  • the battery system 1 can also be clad on the respective outer batteries 10 or on their side surfaces 11 with heat storage plates 20, as can be seen in particular from FIG.
  • a thermal chain reaction due to heat transfer from a battery system to a further battery system assembled in a package can be avoided.
  • the heat storage plates 20 may be equipped with channels, not shown here, through which a medium, in particular cooling liquid, is conductive, so that in the heat storage plates 20 stored heat via the medium can be derived. Such heat storage plates 20 can thus not only for Heat storage, but also for normal cooling of the battery system use.
  • the batteries 10 of the battery system 1 can be placed on a bottom plate 24, which also (not shown) cooling ducts for conducting a
  • Ends have one or more foot portions 22 which contact the bottom plate 24 thermally conductive via their base surfaces 23.
  • the foot portions 22 may also serve for the mechanical attachment of the heat storage plates 20 on the bottom plate 24.
  • the heat storage plates 20 can be fixed to the bottom plate 24, whereby automatically arranged between the heat storage plates 20 batteries 10 are also fixed at least in a translatory degree of freedom.
  • the base surfaces 23 of the foot portions 22 are designed to be substantially larger than the cross-sectional areas of the heat storage plates 20 in a plane parallel to the bottom plate 24 level. This serves in particular for the large-area contacting of the heat storage plates
  • the foot portions 22 are not only arranged on cooling plates without heat storage plates 20, but it can be provided that in the heat storage plates 20, the foot portions 22 are combined with the cooling channels ,

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un ensemble batterie (1) comprenant plusieurs accumulateurs (10), au moins une plaque d'accumulation de chaleur (20) dont le matériau comprend essentiellement de la céramique étant disposée entre au moins deux des accumulateurs (10). Selon l'invention, les deux surfaces latérales (21) de la plaque d'accumulation de chaleur (20) sont constituées essentiellement du matériau contenant de la céramique.
PCT/EP2011/050747 2010-01-20 2011-01-20 Ensemble batterie à plaque d'accumulation de chaleur Ceased WO2011089182A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11700559A EP2526579A1 (fr) 2010-01-20 2011-01-20 Ensemble batterie à plaque d'accumulation de chaleur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010001033.2 2010-01-20
DE102010001033A DE102010001033A1 (de) 2010-01-20 2010-01-20 Batteriesystem mit Wärmespeicherplatte

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011089182A1 true WO2011089182A1 (fr) 2011-07-28

Family

ID=43797667

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2011/050747 Ceased WO2011089182A1 (fr) 2010-01-20 2011-01-20 Ensemble batterie à plaque d'accumulation de chaleur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2526579A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010001033A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011089182A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3044512A1 (fr) * 2015-11-30 2017-06-02 Raphael Meyer Appareil de chauffage incluant des batteries de stockage de l'energie electrique
CN107112466A (zh) * 2015-03-16 2017-08-29 株式会社Lg 化学 电池压缩抑制器和包括该电池压缩抑制器的电池模块
EP3004792B1 (fr) * 2013-05-30 2017-12-27 ATLAS Elektronik GmbH Véhicule sous-marin autonome pourvu d'une coque de haute pression, et procédé correspondant

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DE102012222689A1 (de) 2012-12-11 2014-06-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energiespeicher mit Zellaufnahme
DE102013015208B3 (de) * 2013-09-13 2015-01-29 Audi Ag Batterieanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE102014202162B4 (de) 2014-02-06 2025-12-31 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Speichereinheit für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Batterie und mit einer aktiven Kühleinrichtung
DE102017207911A1 (de) * 2017-05-10 2018-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batteriemodulgehäuse, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen und Batteriemodul
DE102018116683B4 (de) 2018-07-10 2025-03-06 Micrometal GmbH Distanzausgleichselement, Verwendung einer Metallfolie als Distanzausgleichselement und Anordnung mit Distanzausgleichselement
WO2021069068A1 (fr) 2019-10-09 2021-04-15 Wickeder Westfalenstahl Gmbh Élément de compensation thermique, ensemble comportant un élément de compensation thermique et procédé de fabrication d'élément de compensation thermique
DE102021111629A1 (de) 2021-05-05 2022-11-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Elektrischer Verbund von Batteriezellen und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
DE102022103705A1 (de) 2022-02-17 2023-08-17 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Batteriezelle
EP4404332A1 (fr) * 2023-01-19 2024-07-24 Volvo Truck Corporation Système de batterie pour un véhicule

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See also references of EP2526579A1

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3004792B1 (fr) * 2013-05-30 2017-12-27 ATLAS Elektronik GmbH Véhicule sous-marin autonome pourvu d'une coque de haute pression, et procédé correspondant
CN107112466A (zh) * 2015-03-16 2017-08-29 株式会社Lg 化学 电池压缩抑制器和包括该电池压缩抑制器的电池模块
JP2018506828A (ja) * 2015-03-16 2018-03-08 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド 電池圧縮阻止体及びそれを含む電池モジュール
EP3223339A4 (fr) * 2015-03-16 2018-05-23 LG Chem, Ltd. Inhibiteur de compression de batterie et module de batterie le comprenant
CN107112466B (zh) * 2015-03-16 2020-05-12 株式会社Lg 化学 电池压缩抑制器和包括该电池压缩抑制器的电池模块
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FR3044512A1 (fr) * 2015-11-30 2017-06-02 Raphael Meyer Appareil de chauffage incluant des batteries de stockage de l'energie electrique
WO2017093878A1 (fr) 2015-11-30 2017-06-08 Meyer Raphaël Appareil de chauffage incluant des batteries de stockage de l'énergie électrique
KR20180080352A (ko) * 2015-11-30 2018-07-11 란시 에너지 스토리지 에스.에이.에스. 전기 에너지를 저장하기 위한 배터리를 포함하는, 가열 장치
CN108293277A (zh) * 2015-11-30 2018-07-17 兰西蓄能简易股份有限公司 包括用于存储电能的电池的加热设备
US10219321B2 (en) 2015-11-30 2019-02-26 Lancey Energy Storage S.A.S. Heating apparatus including batteries for storing electrical energy
KR101943532B1 (ko) 2015-11-30 2019-04-17 란시 에너지 스토리지 에스.에이.에스. 전기 에너지를 저장하기 위한 배터리를 포함하는, 가열 장치

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