WO2011060823A1 - Converter and submodule of a converter for charging or discharging an energy store - Google Patents
Converter and submodule of a converter for charging or discharging an energy store Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011060823A1 WO2011060823A1 PCT/EP2009/065491 EP2009065491W WO2011060823A1 WO 2011060823 A1 WO2011060823 A1 WO 2011060823A1 EP 2009065491 W EP2009065491 W EP 2009065491W WO 2011060823 A1 WO2011060823 A1 WO 2011060823A1
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- voltage
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- capacitor unit
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a submodule for charging or discharging an energy store having a capacitor unit and a power semiconductor circuit, which has switched on and off power semiconductors, wherein the capacitor unit and the power semiconductor circuit are interconnected so that depending on the control of the power semiconductor of the power semiconductor circuit at least on the capacitor falling voltage or zero voltage at output terminals of the submodule can be generated.
- the invention further relates to a converter with converter valves, which has a series circuit of such submodules.
- a submodule and such a converter are already known from DE 101 030 31.
- the Umrich ⁇ ter described there has inverter valves forming a bridge circuit.
- each Umrichterventil Zvi ⁇ rule an alternating voltage terminal extends to connect the environmental judge voltage connection to an AC voltage supply, a DC-.
- Each valve has a series circuit ⁇ tion of bipolar submodules, each having a capacitor unit, which is connected in parallel to a power semiconductor circuit.
- each submodule The two terminals of each submodule are once connected to the capacitor unit and once with the potential point between the two power semiconductor switches ⁇ , each of which a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions. In this way, at the two terminals of each submodule either a zero voltage or the capacitor unit from ⁇ falling capacitor voltage can be generated. In this way, a so-called multistage DC voltage impressing converter is provided.
- Another charging device for charging a battery has become known from DE 199 13 627 AI. Loading a larger number of energy stores with electrical energy creates a variety of problems.
- the electric charging device is to be adapted to each energy storage to be charged.
- different energy stores generally require different charging voltages or charging currents.
- the device for charging or discharging the energy storage should also be inexpensive.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a submodule and a converter of the aforementioned type, which allow an individual adjustment of the charging process to the requirements of the respective energy storage and which are also inexpensive.
- the invention achieves this object by virtue of the fact that the energy store can be connected to the submodule via a DC voltage controller, the DC voltage controller being connected to the capacitor unit and for converting a capacitor voltage dropping across the capacitor into a charging voltage which is required for charging the energy store. and configured to convert a discharging voltage dropping to the energy storage during discharging into the capacitor voltage.
- the invention solves the problem in that converter valves are provided, which consist at least partially of a series circuit sol ⁇ cher submodules.
- At least one submodule of a modular multistage converter is used for charging external energy stores.
- a so-called DC voltage controller is provided, which the falling in the capacitor voltage into the respectively required charge or discharge to ⁇ .
- This has the advantage that the voltage which drops across the capacitors of the submodules can be kept as constant as possible for all submodules.
- the adaptation to the respective energy storage takes place via the DC voltage controller.
- the dropped across the capacitor unit of the submodule voltage can be selected by means of the turn-off power semiconductor of the power semiconductor circuit such that it is approximately in the range of charging relationship ⁇ as discharge voltages of the common energy storage.
- the capacitor voltage for charging accumulators for electric cars is on the order of about 10V.
- the DC voltage controller therefore does not need to be large To generate voltage differences when converting the DC voltages, so that the requirements of the DC voltage are low, making it cost-effective.
- the losses of the DC voltage controller, which arise in the conversion of the DC voltage kept low.
- the DC voltage regulator is connected in parallel with the capacitor unit.
- an accumulator is provided as energy storage.
- Accumulators are chemical stores where electrical energy is converted into chemically bound energy and stored. Such accumulators are well known, so that their exact configuration can be omitted at this point. In principle, arbitrary accumulators can be used in the scope of the invention.
- common battery ⁇ mulatoren here lithium-ion batteries or nickel-cadmium storage batteries may be mentioned. Of course, it is also possible to charge only in the future intended lithium air energy storage with the aid of the device according to the invention or with the submodule according to the invention.
- the power semiconductor circuit and the capacitor unit are interconnected to form a full-bridge circuit, with four turn-off crugurlei ⁇ ter are provided, each of which a freewheeling diode is connected against ⁇ sensible parallel.
- Such full bridge circuits are already used as converters or variable voltage sources in the field of energy transfer and energy distribution.
- the full-bridge circuit it is possible to generate not only a zero voltage and the capacitor voltage but also the inverse capacitor voltage at the output terminals of each sub-module.
- Deviating from this power semiconductor circuits and capacitor unit form a half bridge circuit having two on and off power semiconductors to which a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions depending ⁇ wells.
- the submodule has furthermore advantageously has two terminals, one terminal with the capacitor unit and the other terminal connected to the Po ⁇ tenzialddling between the two controllable power semiconductors.
- the submodule has furthermore advantageously has two terminals, one terminal with the capacitor unit and the other terminal connected to the Po ⁇ tenzialddling between the two controllable power semiconductors.
- instead of in opposite directions in parallel to a power semiconductor egg ne freewheeling diode in the context of the invention also reverse conducting Kirsmithlei ⁇ terschalter can be used.
- the DC voltage adjuster has egg ne control unit, which are equipped with measurement sensors for detecting a dropping across the energy store charge or discharge voltage and a falling of the capacitor unit capacitor voltage, the regulation ⁇ unit for adjusting the charging and / or discharge voltage as a function at least one setpoint is set up.
- the determination of the desired value (s) can be input, for example, by a user. Deviating from this, however, it is also possible to connect the control unit of the DC voltage controller with an energy storage detection unit.
- the energy storage detection unit reads ⁇ example, in a memory unit of the energy storage of each ⁇ type and the respective required charging relationship ⁇ discharge voltage and transmits this as a setpoint to the control unit of the DC voltage controller. This then provides the output side, the desired discharge rela ⁇ hung as charging voltage, so that the charge relationship ⁇ as discharge of the energy storage can be done with the greatest We ⁇ ciency.
- the DC voltage controller is, for example, a boost converter or a buck converter.
- the submodule is a bipolar submodule and has two connection terminals.
- FIG 1 shows an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 1 shows schematically an inverter 1, which consists of a
- each power semiconductor valve 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 has a throttle 11 limiting the current flow.
- connection means 12 for connecting an AC voltage network , This is usually done via a transformer or else galvanically with the aid of chokes or coils, which are connected between the AC voltage terminals 8 and AC voltage not shown in Figure 1.
- each of the garschlei ⁇ terventile 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 comprises a series circuit of submodules Bipo ⁇ stellar 13 which are all of identical construction. Therefore, in the right half of Figure 1, only a sub-module 13 is shown in more detail. It can be seen that each submodule 13 has a capacitor unit 14 and a power semiconductor circuit 15 which extends parallel to the capacitor unit 14.
- the power semiconductor ⁇ circuit 15 has two power semiconductors 16 and 17, which can be both switched on and off.
- Such power semiconductors are, for example, so-called IGBTs, GTOs, X-FETs, IGCTs or the like. In principle, any turn-off power semiconductor can be used within the scope of the invention.
- Each of these controllable power semiconductors 16, 17 is a freewheeling diode 18 in opposite directions in parallel ge ⁇ switches. Furthermore, a first terminal 19 is galvanic ⁇ cally connected with the capacitor unit fourteenth A second terminal 20 is connected to the potential point between the power semiconductors 16 and 17. Falls at the condensate sator unit 14 during operation of the converter 1 is a Kon ⁇ densatorschreib U c from.
- each of the power semiconductor can development of a Unterbrecherstel- 16 or 17, in which a current flow via the respective power semiconductor is interrupted, into its passage position in which a current flow via the power ⁇ semiconductors in a forward direction allows is or vice versa.
- the power semiconductors 16 and 17, for example, so controlled that the power semiconductor 17 is in its breaker position the power semiconductor 16, however, is in its open position drops at the output terminals 19 and 20, the capacitor voltage U c .
- the capacitor voltage U c or a zero voltage can be applied to the output terminals 19 and 20.
- the capacitor unit 14 is connected in parallel with a DC voltage controller 21.
- the DC voltage controller 21 is the output side connected to an energy storage 22, which is the embodiment shown in Figure 1 is a lithium-ion battery.
- FIG. 2 shows the submodule of an inverter 1 according to Figure 1 in more detail.
- the DC voltage controller 21 has a control unit 23 which is connected via Signalleitun ⁇ conditions 24 with voltage sensors 25, which are once for detecting the capacitor voltage U c or for detecting a charging or discharging voltage U L is ⁇ directed.
- the DC voltage controller 21 is configured to convert the capacitor voltage U c into the charging voltage U L if the accumulator 22 is to be charged.
- the discharge voltage U L in the capacitor voltage U c in a way that a power flow in both directions through the DC converter 21 is enables.
- the control unit of the DC voltage controller 21 is connected to a master control unit, can be referred to the 26 beispielswei ⁇ se as so-called "battery management system".
- the overall battery management system 26 transmits, for example, desired set values, such as charge ⁇ streams and the like before and during a charging process, the control unit 23 to the battery management system, with which optimum charging current by the battery management system can be calculated dynamically 23 to the control unit 26 specific status parameter ,
- the Batte ⁇ rie management system 26 can be connected to other control units in any manner.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beschreibung description
Umrichter und Submodul eines Umrichters zum Laden oder Entla¬ den eines Energiespeichers Inverter and submodule of an inverter for charging or Entla ¬ the energy storage
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Submodul zum Laden oder Entladen eines Energiespeichers mit einer Kondensatoreinheit und einer Leistungshalbleiterschaltung, die an- und abschaltbare Leistungshalbleiter aufweist, wobei die Kondensatoreinheit und die Leistungshalbleiterschaltung so miteinander verbunden sind, dass je nach Ansteuerung der Leistungshalbleiter der Leistungshalbleiterschaltung wenigstens die an dem Kondensator abfallende Spannung oder eine Nullspannung an Ausgangsklemmen des Submoduls erzeugbar ist. The invention relates to a submodule for charging or discharging an energy store having a capacitor unit and a power semiconductor circuit, which has switched on and off power semiconductors, wherein the capacitor unit and the power semiconductor circuit are interconnected so that depending on the control of the power semiconductor of the power semiconductor circuit at least on the capacitor falling voltage or zero voltage at output terminals of the submodule can be generated.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin einen Umrichter mit Umrichterventilen, der eine Reihenschaltung aus solchen Submodulen aufweist . Ein solches Submodul und ein solcher Umrichter sind aus der DE 101 030 31 bereits bekannt. Der dort beschriebene Umrich¬ ter verfügt über Umrichterventile, die eine Brückenschaltung ausbilden. Dabei erstreckt sich jedes Umrichterventil zwi¬ schen einem Wechselspannungsanschluss zur Verbindung des Um- richters mit einem Wechselspannungsnetz und einem Gleichspan- nungsanschluss . Jedes Ventil verfügt über eine Reihenschal¬ tung aus bipolaren Submodulen, die jeweils eine Kondensatoreinheit aufweisen, die parallel zu einer Leistungshalbleiterschaltung geschaltet ist. Die beiden Anschlussklemmen eines jeden Submoduls sind einmal mit der Kondensatoreinheit und einmal mit dem Potenzialpunkt zwischen den beiden Leistungs¬ halbleiterschaltern verbunden, denen jeweils eine Freilaufdiode gegensinnig parallel geschaltet ist. Auf diese Weise kann an den beiden Anschlussklemmen eines jeden Submoduls entweder eine Nullspannung oder aber die an der Kondensatoreinheit ab¬ fallende Kondensatorspannung erzeugt werden. Auf diese Weise ist ein so genannter mehrstufiger Gleichspannung einprägender Umrichter bereitgestellt. The invention further relates to a converter with converter valves, which has a series circuit of such submodules. Such a submodule and such a converter are already known from DE 101 030 31. The Umrich ¬ ter described there has inverter valves forming a bridge circuit. In this case, each Umrichterventil Zvi ¬ rule an alternating voltage terminal extends to connect the environmental judge voltage connection to an AC voltage supply, a DC-. Each valve has a series circuit ¬ tion of bipolar submodules, each having a capacitor unit, which is connected in parallel to a power semiconductor circuit. The two terminals of each submodule are once connected to the capacitor unit and once with the potential point between the two power semiconductor switches ¬ , each of which a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions. In this way, at the two terminals of each submodule either a zero voltage or the capacitor unit from ¬ falling capacitor voltage can be generated. In this way, a so-called multistage DC voltage impressing converter is provided.
Die DE 10 2007 051 052 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Laden von wieder aufladbaren Lithiumakkumulatoren. Hierbei wird eine Wechselspannung im Niederspannungsbereich mit einem Schaltnetzteil verbunden, das ausgangsseitig eine Gleichspannung zum Laden eines Akkumulators bereitstellt. DE 10 2007 051 052 describes a method for charging rechargeable lithium batteries. Here, an AC voltage in the low voltage range is connected to a switching power supply, the output side provides a DC voltage for charging a battery.
Eine weitere Ladevorrichtung zum Laden eines Akkumulators ist aus der DE 199 13 627 AI bekannt geworden. Beim Laden einer größeren Anzahl von Energiespeichern mit elektrischer Energie ergibt sich eine Vielzahl von Problemen. Zunächst ist die elektrische Ladevorrichtung auf den jeweils zu ladenden Energiespeicher anzupassen. Unterschiedliche Energiespeicher erfordern jedoch in der Regel unterschiedli- che Ladespannungen oder Ladeströme. Insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine hohe Lebensdauer des Energiespeichers ist es sinn¬ voll, den Lade- beziehungsweise Entladevorgang hinsichtlich der Ladeparameter auf die Bedürfnisse des jeweiligen Energie¬ speichers auszurichten. Darüber hinaus sollte die Vorrichtung zum Laden beziehungsweise Entladen des Energiespeichers auch kostengünstig sein. Another charging device for charging a battery has become known from DE 199 13 627 AI. Loading a larger number of energy stores with electrical energy creates a variety of problems. First, the electric charging device is to be adapted to each energy storage to be charged. However, different energy stores generally require different charging voltages or charging currents. In particular, with regard to a long life of the energy storage, it makes sense ¬ full to align the charging or discharging with respect to the charging parameters to the needs of each energy ¬ memory. In addition, the device for charging or discharging the energy storage should also be inexpensive.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Submodul und einen Umrichter der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, die ein individuelles Anpassen des Ladevorgangs auf die Erfordernisse des jeweiligen Energiespeichers ermöglichen und die darüber hinaus kostengünstig sind. Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, dass der Energie¬ speicher über einen Gleichspannungssteller an das Submodul anschließbar ist, wobei der Gleichspannungssteller mit der Kondensatoreinheit verbunden ist und zum Umwandeln einer an dem Kondensator abfallenden Kondensatorspannung in eine Ladespannung, die zum Laden des Energiespeichers erforderlich ist, und zum Umwandeln einer beim Entladen an dem Energiespeicher abfallenden Entladespannung in die Kondensatorspannung eingerichtet ist. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a submodule and a converter of the aforementioned type, which allow an individual adjustment of the charging process to the requirements of the respective energy storage and which are also inexpensive. The invention achieves this object by virtue of the fact that the energy store can be connected to the submodule via a DC voltage controller, the DC voltage controller being connected to the capacitor unit and for converting a capacitor voltage dropping across the capacitor into a charging voltage which is required for charging the energy store. and configured to convert a discharging voltage dropping to the energy storage during discharging into the capacitor voltage.
Ausgehend von dem eingangs genannten Umrichter löst die Erfindung die Aufgabe dadurch, dass Umrichterventile vorgesehen sind, die zumindest teilweise aus einer Reihenschaltung sol¬ cher Submodule bestehen. Based on the aforementioned converter, the invention solves the problem in that converter valves are provided, which consist at least partially of a series circuit sol ¬ cher submodules.
Erfindungsgemäß wird wenigstens ein Submodul eines modularen Mehrstufenumrichters zum Aufladen externer Energiespeicher eingesetzt. Um beim Laden oder Entladen des Energiespeichers die erforderliche Spannung individuell auswählen zu können, ist ein so genannter Gleichspannungssteller vorgesehen, welcher die in dem Kondensator abfallende Spannung in die jeweils erforderliche Lade- beziehungsweise Entladespannung um¬ wandelt. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Spannung, welche an den Kondensatoren der Submodule abfällt, weitestgehend für alle Submodule konstant gehalten werden kann. Die Anpassung auf den jeweiligen Energiespeicher erfolgt über den Gleichspannungssteller. Die an der Kondensatoreinheit des Submoduls abfallende Spannung kann mit Hilfe der abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiter der Leistungshalbleiterschaltung so gewählt werden, dass diese in etwa im Bereich der Lade- beziehungs¬ weise Entladespannungen der gängigen Energiespeicher liegt. Die Kondensatorspannung zum Aufladen von Akkumulatoren für Elektroautos liegt beispielsweise in der Größenordnung von etwa 10V. Der Gleichspannungssteller muss daher keine großen Spannungsdifferenzen beim Umwandeln der Gleichspannungen erzeugen, so dass die Anforderungen an den Gleichspannungsstel- ler gering sind, wodurch dieser kostengünstig ist. Darüber hinaus werden auch die Verluste des Gleichspannungsstellers, die bei der Umwandlung der Gleichspannung entstehen, gering gehalten . According to the invention, at least one submodule of a modular multistage converter is used for charging external energy stores. In order to select the required voltage individually during charging or discharging of the energy store, a so-called DC voltage controller is provided, which the falling in the capacitor voltage into the respectively required charge or discharge to ¬. This has the advantage that the voltage which drops across the capacitors of the submodules can be kept as constant as possible for all submodules. The adaptation to the respective energy storage takes place via the DC voltage controller. The dropped across the capacitor unit of the submodule voltage can be selected by means of the turn-off power semiconductor of the power semiconductor circuit such that it is approximately in the range of charging relationship ¬ as discharge voltages of the common energy storage. For example, the capacitor voltage for charging accumulators for electric cars is on the order of about 10V. The DC voltage controller therefore does not need to be large To generate voltage differences when converting the DC voltages, so that the requirements of the DC voltage are low, making it cost-effective. In addition, the losses of the DC voltage controller, which arise in the conversion of the DC voltage, kept low.
Vorteilhafterweise ist der Gleichspannungssteller parallel zur Kondensatoreinheit geschaltet. Advantageously, the DC voltage regulator is connected in parallel with the capacitor unit.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist als Energiespeicher ein Akkumulator vorgesehen. Akkumulatoren sind chemische Speicher, bei denen Elektroenergie in chemisch gebundene Energie umgewandelt und so gespeichert wird. Solche Akkumulatoren sind bestens be- kannt, so dass an dieser Stelle deren genaue Ausgestaltung entfallen kann. Grundsätzlich könne im Rahme der Erfindung beliebige Akkumulatoren eingesetzt werden. Als gängige Akku¬ mulatoren seien hier Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulatoren oder Nickel- Kadmium-Akkumulatoren genannt. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, erst in der Zukunft beabsichtigte Lithiumluftenergiespeicher mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung oder mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Submodul aufzuladen. Conveniently, an accumulator is provided as energy storage. Accumulators are chemical stores where electrical energy is converted into chemically bound energy and stored. Such accumulators are well known, so that their exact configuration can be omitted at this point. In principle, arbitrary accumulators can be used in the scope of the invention. As common battery ¬ mulatoren here lithium-ion batteries or nickel-cadmium storage batteries may be mentioned. Of course, it is also possible to charge only in the future intended lithium air energy storage with the aid of the device according to the invention or with the submodule according to the invention.
Vorteilhafterweise sind die Leistungshalbleiterschaltung und die Kondensatoreinheit zu einer Vollbrückenschaltung miteinander verschaltet, wobei vier abschaltbare Leistungshalblei¬ ter vorgesehen sind, denen jeweils eine Freilaufdiode gegen¬ sinnig parallel geschaltet ist. Solche Vollbrückenschaltungen werden bereits als Umrichter oder variable Spannungsquellen im Bereich der Energieübertragung und Energieverteilung eingesetzt. Mit Hilfe der Vollbrückenschaltung ist es möglich, neben einer Nullspannung und der Kondensatorspannung auch die inverse Kondensatorspannung an den Ausgangsklemmen eines jeden Submoduls zu erzeugen. Abweichend hiervon bilden Leistungshalbleiterschaltungen und Kondensatoreinheit eine Halbbrückenschaltung aus, die zwei an- und abschaltbare Leistungshalbleiter aufweist, denen je¬ weils eine Freilaufdiode gegensinnig parallel geschaltet ist. Das Submodul verfügt darüber hinaus zweckmäßigerweise über zwei Anschlussklemmen, wobei eine Anschlussklemme mit der Kondensatoreinheit und die andere Anschlussklemme mit dem Po¬ tenzialpunkt zwischen den beiden ansteuerbaren Leistungshalbleitern verbunden sind. Anstatt einem Leistungshalbleiter ei- ne Freilaufdiode gegensinnig parallel zu schalten, können im Rahmen der Erfindung auch rückwärts leitende Leitungshalblei¬ terschalter eingesetzt werden. Advantageously, the power semiconductor circuit and the capacitor unit are interconnected to form a full-bridge circuit, with four turn-off Leistungshalblei ¬ ter are provided, each of which a freewheeling diode is connected against ¬ sensible parallel. Such full bridge circuits are already used as converters or variable voltage sources in the field of energy transfer and energy distribution. With the help of the full-bridge circuit, it is possible to generate not only a zero voltage and the capacitor voltage but also the inverse capacitor voltage at the output terminals of each sub-module. Deviating from this power semiconductor circuits and capacitor unit form a half bridge circuit having two on and off power semiconductors to which a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions depending ¬ weils. The submodule has furthermore advantageously has two terminals, one terminal with the capacitor unit and the other terminal connected to the Po ¬ tenzialpunkt between the two controllable power semiconductors. Instead of in opposite directions in parallel to a power semiconductor egg ne freewheeling diode, in the context of the invention also reverse conducting Leitungshalblei ¬ terschalter can be used.
Zweckmäßigerweise verfügt der Gleichspannungssteller über ei- ne Regelungseinheit, die mit Messsensoren zum Erfassen einer an dem Energiespeicher abfallenden Lade- beziehungsweise Entladespannung und einer an der Kondensatoreinheit abfallenden Kondensatorspannung eingerichtet sind, wobei die Regelungs¬ einheit zum Einstellen der Lade- und/oder Entladespannung in Abhängigkeit wenigstens eines Sollwertes eingerichtet ist.Suitably, the DC voltage adjuster has egg ne control unit, which are equipped with measurement sensors for detecting a dropping across the energy store charge or discharge voltage and a falling of the capacitor unit capacitor voltage, the regulation ¬ unit for adjusting the charging and / or discharge voltage as a function at least one setpoint is set up.
Die Ermittlung des oder der Sollwerte kann beispielsweise von einem Nutzer eingegeben werden. Abweichend hiervon ist es jedoch auch möglich, die Regelungseinheit des Gleichspannungs- stellers mit einer Energiespeichererkennungseinheit zu ver- binden. Die Energiespeichererkennungseinheit liest beispiels¬ weise in einer Speichereinheit des Energiespeichers den je¬ weiligen Typ und die jeweils erforderliche Lade- beziehungs¬ weise Entladespannung aus und übermittelt diese als Sollwert an die Regelungseinheit des Gleichspannungsstellers . Dieser stellt dann ausgangsseitig die gewünschte Entlade- bezie¬ hungsweise Ladespannung ein, so dass die Ladung beziehungs¬ weise Entladung des Energiespeichers mit dem größten Wir¬ kungsgrad erfolgen kann. Der Gleichspannungssteller ist beispielsweise ein Hochsetzsteller oder ein Tiefsetzsteller. The determination of the desired value (s) can be input, for example, by a user. Deviating from this, however, it is also possible to connect the control unit of the DC voltage controller with an energy storage detection unit. The energy storage detection unit reads ¬ example, in a memory unit of the energy storage of each ¬ type and the respective required charging relationship ¬ discharge voltage and transmits this as a setpoint to the control unit of the DC voltage controller. This then provides the output side, the desired discharge rela ¬ hung as charging voltage, so that the charge relationship ¬ as discharge of the energy storage can be done with the greatest We ¬ ciency. The DC voltage controller is, for example, a boost converter or a buck converter.
Zweckmäßig ist es weiterhin, wenn das Submodul ein bipolares Submodul ist und zwei Anschlussklemmen aufweist. It is also expedient if the submodule is a bipolar submodule and has two connection terminals.
Weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfin¬ dung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Figuren der Zeichnung, wobei gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleich wirkende Bauteile verweisen und wobei Further expedient embodiments and advantages of the inven ¬ tion are the subject of the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures of the drawing, wherein like reference numerals refer to like-acting components and wherein
Figur 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the invention
Submoduls und des erfindungsgemäßen Umrichters schematisch verdeutlicht und Submodule and the inverter according to the invention illustrated schematically and
Figur 2 ein Submodul eines Umrichters gemäß Figur 1 genauer zeigt. Figur 1 zeigt schematisch einen Umrichter 1, der aus einerFigure 2 shows a submodule of an inverter according to Figure 1 in more detail. FIG. 1 shows schematically an inverter 1, which consists of a
Brückenschaltung von Leistungshalbleiterventilen 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 und 7 besteht, wobei sich jedes der besagten Leistungshalb¬ leiterventile zwischen einem Wechselspannungsanschluss 8 und einem positiven Gleichspannungsanschluss 9 beziehungsweise einem negativen Gleichspannungsanschluss 10 erstreckt. Dar¬ über hinaus verfügt jedes Leistungshalbleiterventil, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 und 7 über eine den Stromfluss begrenzende Drossel 11. In Figur 1 ist nur schematisch angedeutet, dass jeder Wechselspannungsanschluss 8 eines Umrichters mit Anschlussmitteln 12 zum Anschluss eines Wechselspannungsnetzes verbunden ist. Dies erfolgt üblicherweise über einen Transformator oder aber auch galvanisch mit Hilfe von Drosseln oder Spulen, die zwischen die Wechselspannungsanschlüsse 8 und in Figur 1 nicht dargestellte Wechselspannungsnetz geschaltet sind. Es ist weiterhin erkennbar, dass jedes der Leistungshalblei¬ terventile 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 und 7 eine Reihenschaltung von bipo¬ laren Submodulen 13 aufweist, die alle identisch aufgebaut sind. Daher ist in der rechten Hälfte von Figur 1 lediglich ein Submodul 13 genauer dargestellt. Es ist erkennbar, dass jedes Submodul 13 über eine Kondensatoreinheit 14 und eine Leistungshalbleiterschaltung 15 verfügt, die sich parallel zur Kondensatoreinheit 14 erstreckt. Die Leistungshalbleiter¬ schaltung 15 weist zwei Leistungshalbleiter 16 und 17 auf, die sowohl ein- als auch abgeschaltet werden können. Solche Leistungshalbleiter sind beispielsweise so genannte IGBTs, GTOs, X-FETs, IGCTs oder dergleichen. Grundsätzlich ist jeder abschaltbarer Leistungshalbleiter im Rahmen der Erfindung einsetzbar. Jedem dieser ansteuerbaren Leistungshalbleiter 16, 17 ist eine Freilaufdiode 18 gegensinnig parallel ge¬ schaltet. Weiterhin ist eine erste Anschlussklemme 19 galva¬ nisch mit der Kondensatoreinheit 14 verbunden. Eine zweite Anschlussklemme 20 ist an dem Potenzialpunkt zwischen den Leistungshalbleitern 16 und 17 angeschlossen. An der Konden- satoreinheit 14 fällt bei Betrieb des Umrichters 1 eine Kon¬ densatorspannung Uc ab. Bridge circuit of power semiconductor valves 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, wherein each of the said power half ¬ conductor valves between an AC voltage terminal 8 and a positive DC voltage terminal 9 and a negative DC voltage terminal 10 extends. In addition, each power semiconductor valve 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 has a throttle 11 limiting the current flow. In FIG. 1, it is indicated only schematically that each AC voltage terminal 8 of an inverter is connected to connection means 12 for connecting an AC voltage network , This is usually done via a transformer or else galvanically with the aid of chokes or coils, which are connected between the AC voltage terminals 8 and AC voltage not shown in Figure 1. It is further seen that each of the Leistungshalblei ¬ terventile 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 comprises a series circuit of submodules Bipo ¬ stellar 13 which are all of identical construction. Therefore, in the right half of Figure 1, only a sub-module 13 is shown in more detail. It can be seen that each submodule 13 has a capacitor unit 14 and a power semiconductor circuit 15 which extends parallel to the capacitor unit 14. The power semiconductor ¬ circuit 15 has two power semiconductors 16 and 17, which can be both switched on and off. Such power semiconductors are, for example, so-called IGBTs, GTOs, X-FETs, IGCTs or the like. In principle, any turn-off power semiconductor can be used within the scope of the invention. Each of these controllable power semiconductors 16, 17 is a freewheeling diode 18 in opposite directions in parallel ge ¬ switches. Furthermore, a first terminal 19 is galvanic ¬ cally connected with the capacitor unit fourteenth A second terminal 20 is connected to the potential point between the power semiconductors 16 and 17. Falls at the condensate sator unit 14 during operation of the converter 1 is a Kon ¬ densatorspannung U c from.
Wie bereits weiter oben ausgeführt wurde, kann jeder der Leistungshalbleiter 16 oder 17 von einer Unterbrecherstel- lung, in der ein Stromfluss über den jeweiligen Leistungshalbleiter unterbrochen ist, in seine Durchgangsstellung überführt werden, in der ein Stromfluss über den Leistungs¬ halbleiter in einer Durchlassrichtung ermöglicht ist oder umgekehrt. Werden die Leistungshalbleiter 16 und 17 beispiels- weise so angesteuert, dass sich der Leistungshalbleiter 17 in seiner Unterbrecherstellung, der Leistungshalbleiter 16 jedoch in seiner Durchgangsstellung befindet, fällt an den Ausgangsklemmen 19 und 20 die Kondensatorspannung Uc ab. Ist je¬ doch der Leistungshalbleiter 17 in seiner Durchgangsstellung, der Leistungshalbleiter 16 ist seiner Unterbrecherstellung, fällt an den Ausgangsklemmen 19 und 20 die Spannung Null ab. Somit kann entweder die Kondensatorspannung Uc oder eine Nullspannung an die Ausgangsklemmen 19 und 20 gelegt werden. As already stated above, each of the power semiconductor can development of a Unterbrecherstel- 16 or 17, in which a current flow via the respective power semiconductor is interrupted, into its passage position in which a current flow via the power ¬ semiconductors in a forward direction allows is or vice versa. If the power semiconductors 16 and 17, for example, so controlled that the power semiconductor 17 is in its breaker position, the power semiconductor 16, however, is in its open position drops at the output terminals 19 and 20, the capacitor voltage U c . Ever ¬ but the power semiconductors 17 in its passage position, the power semiconductor 16 is its breaker position, falls at the output terminals 19 and 20, the voltage zero. Thus, either the capacitor voltage U c or a zero voltage can be applied to the output terminals 19 and 20.
Darüber hinaus ist erkennbar, dass die Kondensatoreinheit 14 parallel zu einem Gleichspannungssteller 21 geschaltet ist. Der Gleichspannungssteller 21 ist ausgangsseitig mit einem Energiespeicher 22 verbunden, der dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator ist. In addition, it can be seen that the capacitor unit 14 is connected in parallel with a DC voltage controller 21. The DC voltage controller 21 is the output side connected to an energy storage 22, which is the embodiment shown in Figure 1 is a lithium-ion battery.
In der schematischen Darstellung der Figur 1 ist nicht gezeigt, dass jeder Leistungshalbleiter 16, 17 mit einer Rege- lungs- und Schutzeinheit des Umrichters 1 verbunden ist, mit dessen Hilfe die an jeder Kondensatoreinheit abfallende Kon¬ densatorspannung im Wesentlichen einstellbar ist. In the schematic representation of Figure 1 is not shown, that each power semiconductor 16, 17 managed by one Rege- and is connected protection unit of the converter 1, with the aid of which the voltage dropped across each capacitor unit Kon ¬ densatorspannung is substantially adjustable.
Figur 2 zeigt das Submodul eines Umrichters 1 gemäß Figur 1 genauer. Es ist erkennbar, dass der Gleichspannungssteller 21 über eine Regelungseinheit 23 verfügt, die über Signalleitun¬ gen 24 mit Spannungssensoren 25 verbunden ist, die einmal zum Erfassen der Kondensatorspannung Uc beziehungsweise zum Erfassen einer Lade- beziehungsweise Entladespannung UL einge¬ richtet sind. Der Gleichspannungssteller 21 ist zum Umwandeln der Kondensatorspannung Uc in die Ladespannung UL eingerichtet, falls der Akkumulator 22 geladen werden soll. Bei einer Entladung des Akkumulators 22 wandelt der Gleichspannungs¬ steller 21 hingegen die Entladespannung UL in die Kondensatorspannung Uc um, so dass ein Leistungsfluss in beiden Rich- tungen über den Gleichsetzsteller 21 ermöglicht ist. Der Regelungseinheit des Gleichspannungsstellers 21 ist mit einer übergeordneten Steuerungseinheit verbunden, die beispielswei¬ se als so genanntes „Batterie-Management-System" 26 bezeichnet werden kann. Das übergeordnete Batterie-Management-System 26 überträgt beispielsweise gewünschte Sollwerte, wie Lade¬ ströme und dergleichen an die Regelungseinheit 23. Vor und während eines Ladevorganges stellt die Regelungseinheit 23 dem Batterie Management System 26 bestimmte Statusparameter zur Verfügung, mit der ein optimaler Ladestrom seitens des Batterie Management Systems dynamisch berechnet werden kann. Figure 2 shows the submodule of an inverter 1 according to Figure 1 in more detail. It can be seen that the DC voltage controller 21 has a control unit 23 which is connected via Signalleitun ¬ conditions 24 with voltage sensors 25, which are once for detecting the capacitor voltage U c or for detecting a charging or discharging voltage U L is ¬ directed. The DC voltage controller 21 is configured to convert the capacitor voltage U c into the charging voltage U L if the accumulator 22 is to be charged. In a discharge of the accumulator 22 of the DC voltage adjuster 21 converts ¬ other hand, the discharge voltage U L in the capacitor voltage U c in a way that a power flow in both directions through the DC converter 21 is enables. The control unit of the DC voltage controller 21 is connected to a master control unit, can be referred to the 26 beispielswei ¬ se as so-called "battery management system". The overall battery management system 26 transmits, for example, desired set values, such as charge ¬ streams and the like before and during a charging process, the control unit 23 to the battery management system, with which optimum charging current by the battery management system can be calculated dynamically 23 to the control unit 26 specific status parameter ,
Wie durch die Pfeile in Figur 2 angedeutet, kann das Batte¬ rie-Management-System 26 mit weiteren Steuerungseinheiten auf beliebige Art und Weise verbunden werden. As indicated by the arrows in Figure 2, the Batte ¬ rie management system 26 can be connected to other control units in any manner.
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/510,341 US8981712B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | Converter and submodule of a converter for charging or discharging an energy store |
| RU2012125250/07A RU2524363C2 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | Static frequency converter and submodule of static frequency converter for charging or discharging of energy accumulator |
| PCT/EP2009/065491 WO2011060823A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | Converter and submodule of a converter for charging or discharging an energy store |
| EP09771516A EP2502340A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | Converter and submodule of a converter for charging or discharging an energy store |
| CN200980163312.1A CN102714471B (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | For to the current transformer of charging accumulator and electric discharge and the submodule of current transformer |
| HK13101585.4A HK1174744B (en) | 2009-11-19 | Converter and submodule of a converter for charging or discharging an energy store | |
| BR112012012140A BR112012012140A2 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | converter and submodule for loading or unloading an energy storage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/065491 WO2011060823A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | Converter and submodule of a converter for charging or discharging an energy store |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011060823A1 true WO2011060823A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
Family
ID=42543236
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/065491 Ceased WO2011060823A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | Converter and submodule of a converter for charging or discharging an energy store |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8981712B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2502340A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102714471B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112012012140A2 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2524363C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011060823A1 (en) |
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| DE102011017597A1 (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2012-10-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | An energy storage device comprising a plurality of storage modules for electrical energy |
| DE102011075576A1 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Converter arrangement |
| DE102012202187A1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Distribution network for electrical energy |
| CN104247083A (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2014-12-24 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Energy store covering module and method for assembling an energy store covering module |
| DE102013212716A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Energy storage device with DC power supply circuit and method for providing a DC voltage from an energy storage device |
| RU2676752C2 (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2019-01-11 | ДжиИ Энерджи Пауэр Конвёшэн Текнолоджи Лтд | Insertable single-cell structure for use in an energy conversion system |
| US10270328B2 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2019-04-23 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Multilevel converter with energy storage |
| US10333309B2 (en) | 2015-04-23 | 2019-06-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical arrangement comprising sub-modules |
| EP2801149B1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2022-11-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a multi-phase modular multi-level power converter |
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| CN103078539B (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-02-11 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Charging method of modular multilevel converter |
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| RU2656302C1 (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-04 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЧЭАЗ-ЭЛПРИ" | Power semiconductor module half-bridge sub-module |
| RU2690839C1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-06-06 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Reducing capacitor voltage converter |
| EP3633816A1 (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2020-04-08 | ABB Schweiz AG | Inverter arrangement employing photovoltaic energy delivery elements |
| FR3095909B1 (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2022-02-11 | Lyon Ecole Centrale | Multi-level voltage converter with additional energy storage |
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| DE102011017597A1 (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2012-10-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | An energy storage device comprising a plurality of storage modules for electrical energy |
| DE102011075576A1 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Converter arrangement |
| DE102012202187A1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Distribution network for electrical energy |
| WO2013120675A2 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Distribution system for electrical energy |
| WO2013120675A3 (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2014-05-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Distribution system for electrical energy comprising modular multi-level converters |
| EP2801149B1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2022-11-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a multi-phase modular multi-level power converter |
| CN104247083A (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2014-12-24 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Energy store covering module and method for assembling an energy store covering module |
| US9840159B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-12-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Energy storage device having a DC voltage supply circuit and method for providing a DC voltage from an energy storage device |
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| CN105308824B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2019-03-19 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Energy storage device with direct voltage supply line and method for supplying direct current from an energy storage device |
| DE102013212716A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Energy storage device with DC power supply circuit and method for providing a DC voltage from an energy storage device |
| RU2676752C2 (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2019-01-11 | ДжиИ Энерджи Пауэр Конвёшэн Текнолоджи Лтд | Insertable single-cell structure for use in an energy conversion system |
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| US10270328B2 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2019-04-23 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Multilevel converter with energy storage |
| US10333309B2 (en) | 2015-04-23 | 2019-06-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical arrangement comprising sub-modules |
| EP3269028B1 (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2021-07-28 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Electrical arrangement comprising sub-modules |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HK1174744A1 (en) | 2013-06-14 |
| EP2502340A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
| RU2524363C2 (en) | 2014-07-27 |
| CN102714471A (en) | 2012-10-03 |
| RU2012125250A (en) | 2013-12-27 |
| BR112012012140A2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
| US8981712B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
| US20120229080A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
| CN102714471B (en) | 2016-01-13 |
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