WO2011058863A1 - ミキサ回路およびばらつき抑制方法 - Google Patents
ミキサ回路およびばらつき抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011058863A1 WO2011058863A1 PCT/JP2010/068730 JP2010068730W WO2011058863A1 WO 2011058863 A1 WO2011058863 A1 WO 2011058863A1 JP 2010068730 W JP2010068730 W JP 2010068730W WO 2011058863 A1 WO2011058863 A1 WO 2011058863A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- input
- mixer circuit
- output terminal
- output
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/16—Multiple-frequency-changing
- H03D7/165—Multiple-frequency-changing at least two frequency changers being located in different paths, e.g. in two paths with carriers in quadrature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/14—Balanced arrangements
- H03D7/1425—Balanced arrangements with transistors
- H03D7/1441—Balanced arrangements with transistors using field-effect transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/14—Balanced arrangements
- H03D7/1425—Balanced arrangements with transistors
- H03D7/1458—Double balanced arrangements, i.e. where both input signals are differential
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/14—Balanced arrangements
- H03D7/1425—Balanced arrangements with transistors
- H03D7/1483—Balanced arrangements with transistors comprising components for selecting a particular frequency component of the output
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixer circuit that multiplies a plurality of signals and a variation suppression method, and more particularly to a mixer circuit that multiplies a plurality of signals to generate a plurality of signals orthogonal to each other and a variation suppression method.
- a modulation scheme using two baseband signals orthogonal to each other may be used in order to increase frequency utilization efficiency.
- These two baseband signals are called an I signal and a Q signal. Since the I signal and the Q signal are modulated at the time of transmission, the receiving circuit needs an orthogonal mixer circuit that demodulates the I signal and the Q signal so that they are orthogonal to each other.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an orthogonal mixer circuit according to a technique related to the present invention (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram abstracting the orthogonal mixer circuit shown in FIG. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the same reference numerals are given to the components corresponding to each other.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing the waveform of the LO signal, which is an oscillation signal of a local oscillator (LO) included in the receiving circuit, and the waveform of the four-phase clock signal generated from the LO signal.
- LO local oscillator
- the LO signal is composed of four signals (LO_I signal, LO_Q signal, LO_IB signal, and LO_QB signal) having a duty ratio of 50% and different phases by 90 degrees.
- the four-phase clock signal is composed of four signals (CLKI signal, CLKQ signal, CLKIB signal, and CLKQB signal) having a duty ratio of 25% and different phases by 90 degrees.
- the orthogonal mixer circuit includes a voltage / current converter 201, an RF path selector 202, load capacitors C201 to 204, and load resistors R201 to R204.
- Load capacitors C201 and C202 and load resistors R201 and R202 constitute a first load block
- load capacitors C203 and C204 and load resistors R203 and R204 constitute a second load block.
- the RF signal received by the receiving circuit is input to the voltage / current converter 201.
- the RF signal is a differential voltage signal in a radio frequency (RF) band.
- the voltage-current converter 201 converts the input RF signal into a differential current signal and outputs the differential current signal to the RF path selector 202.
- the RF path selection unit 202 outputs the RF signal output from the voltage-current conversion unit 201 to the first load block or the second load block according to the state of the four-phase clock signal. As a result, the RF signal is multiplied by the four-phase clock signal to generate an I signal and a Q signal, which are differential current signals in an intermediate frequency (IF) band.
- the I signal and the Q signal are converted into differential voltage signals by the load resistors R201 to R204 and output.
- the output destination of the RF signal is changed according to the state of the four-phase clock signal, the I signal and the Q signal do not flow through the voltage-current converter 201 at the same time. Therefore, the voltage / current converter for I signal and the voltage / current converter for Q signal can be shared.
- the amplitude error and phase error of the I signal and Q signal can be compensated by adjusting the values of the load resistors R201 to R204 according to the amplitude error and phase error.
- the load resistors R201 to R204 need to have a variable function.
- a compensation system for performing calibration that detects amplitude error and phase error and adjusts the value according to the detection result is required for the orthogonal mixer circuit.
- the circuit characteristics of the orthogonal mixer circuit may change due to the influence of changes in temperature, power supply voltage, etc., and the values of the load resistors R201 to R204 may change.
- the amplitude error and phase error of the I signal and Q signal change with time. In order to compensate for such an error, it is necessary to calibrate periodically, and there is a problem that test man-hours and power consumption increase.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a mixer circuit that solves the problem that the circuit becomes very complicated in order to compensate for the amplitude error and the phase error, which are the problems described above.
- the mixer circuit includes a voltage-current converter that converts a first signal, which is a voltage signal, into a current signal and outputs the current signal, and a first input terminal that receives the first signal output from the voltage-current converter.
- a first path selection unit that outputs a plurality of third signals obtained by switching and multiplying each of the second signals by the first signal separately from each first output terminal, and each of the third signals is input.
- the connection relationship between the terminal and the second output terminal is switched so that each second input
- a second path selection unit that outputs the third signal input to the child from the second output terminal connected to the second input terminal; and the third signal connected to the first output terminal is smoothed.
- a second load unit connected to the second output terminal for converting the third signal into a voltage signal.
- the variation suppressing method includes a voltage / current converter that converts a first signal, which is a voltage signal, into a current signal and outputs the first signal, and a first signal that is output from the voltage / current converter.
- a first path selection unit having an input terminal and a first output terminal that outputs a plurality of third signals obtained by multiplying each of the first signals by a plurality of second signals, and each of the third signals is input.
- a second path selection unit having a plurality of second input terminals and a plurality of second output terminals; a first load unit for smoothing the third signal connected to the first output terminal; And a second load section for converting the third signal connected to the two output terminals into a voltage signal, and a method of suppressing variation by a mixer circuit, wherein the signal group includes a plurality of second signals.
- the first input terminal and the first output terminal A first switching step of separately outputting a plurality of third signals obtained by multiplying the first signal by each of the second signals from each first output terminal, and the second input terminal.
- connection relation between the second input terminal and the second output terminal is switched according to the state of the fourth signal that switches the connection relation between the second input terminal and the second output terminal, and the second input terminal is input to the second input terminal.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram abstracting the orthogonal mixer circuit shown in FIG. 1.
- 2 is a timing chart showing waveforms of signals used in the orthogonal mixer circuit shown in FIG.
- It is a figure for demonstrating the characteristic of the orthogonal mixer circuit shown in FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of an orthogonal mixer circuit according to a first embodiment.
- 4 is a timing chart showing a four-phase clock signal. It is the timing chart which showed the selection signal. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of operation
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of an orthogonal mixer circuit according to a second embodiment. It is the circuit diagram which showed the other example of the structure of IF path selection part. It is the circuit diagram which showed the other example of the selection circuit. It is the circuit diagram which showed the structure of the other orthogonal mixer circuit of 2nd Embodiment. It is the circuit diagram which showed the structure of the orthogonal mixer circuit of 3rd Embodiment. It is the circuit diagram which showed the structure of the orthogonal mixer circuit of 4th Embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of an orthogonal mixer circuit according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of an orthogonal mixer circuit according to a seventh embodiment. It is the figure which showed the other example of the signal waveform of IF signal. It is the figure which showed the other example of the signal waveform of IF signal.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the orthogonal mixer circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the orthogonal mixer circuit includes a voltage / current converter 11, an RF path selector 12, an IF path selector 13, load resistors R11 to R14, and load capacitors C11 to C14.
- the RF signal which is a voltage signal in the radio frequency band, is input to the voltage / current converter 11.
- the voltage-current converter 11 converts the input RF signal into a current signal and outputs it from its output terminal.
- the RF path selection unit 12 includes an input terminal I to which an RF signal output from the voltage / current conversion unit 11 is input, and a plurality of output terminals. In addition, the RF path selection unit 12 receives a signal group including a plurality of signals that are multiplied by the RF signal input to the input terminal I.
- the RF path selection unit 12 has four output terminals.
- the output terminals of the RF path selection unit 12 may be referred to as output terminals T1 to T4.
- the signal group is a four-phase clock signal having clock signals CLKI, CLKQ, CLKIB, and CLKQB that are four binary signals in which a plurality of signals do not simultaneously become high level. Therefore, the number of states of the four-phase clock signal is four.
- FIG. 6A is a timing chart showing a four-phase clock signal. As shown in FIG. 6A, the clock signals CLKI, CLKQ, CLKIB, and CLKQB in the four-phase clock signal have a duty ratio of 25% and differ in phase by 90 degrees.
- the four-phase clock signal is generated from the LO signal that is the oscillation signal of the local oscillator of the receiving circuit having the quadrature mixer circuit. Assuming that the period of the LO signal (LO period) is equal to the period of each clock signal, since the duty ratio of each clock signal is 25%, the period of high level is 1/4 of the LO period.
- the RF path selection unit 12 switches the connection relationship between the input terminal I and the output terminals T1 to T4 according to the state of the four-phase clock signal, so that the RF signal input to the input terminal I is included in the four-phase clock signal.
- a plurality of signals multiplied by each clock signal are separately output from the output terminals T1 to T4. More specifically, the RF path selection unit 12 connects the input terminal I to any one of the output terminals T1 to T4 according to the state of the four-phase clock signal.
- a plurality of signals obtained by multiplying each clock signal by the RF signal are IQ signals having an I signal and a Q signal.
- Each of the I signal and the Q signal is a differential signal.
- a positive phase signal of I signal is output from the output terminal T1
- a negative phase signal of I signal is output from the output terminal T2
- a positive phase signal of Q signal is output from the output terminal T3
- a Q signal is output from the output terminal T4. It is assumed that a negative phase signal is output.
- the IF path selection unit 13 includes a plurality of input terminals to which the IQ signals output from the output terminals T1 to T4 of the RF path selection unit 12 are input, and a plurality of output terminals.
- the IQ signal input to this input terminal is integrated by load capacitors C11 to C14 as will be described later, and converted to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal.
- IF intermediate frequency
- the IQ signal converted into the signal in the intermediate frequency band may be referred to as an IF signal.
- the I signal converted into the intermediate frequency band signal may be referred to as IF signal IF_I
- the Q signal converted into the intermediate frequency band signal may be referred to as IF signal IF_Q.
- each of the input terminals of the IF path selection unit 13 may be referred to as input terminals IF_I +, IF_I ⁇ , IF_Q +, and IF_Q ⁇ , and each of the output terminals of the IF path selection unit 13 may be referred to as output terminals P1 to P4. .
- the input terminal IF_I + is connected to the output terminal T1 of the RF path selection unit 12, the input terminal IF_I ⁇ is connected to the output terminal T2 of the RF path selection unit 12, and the input terminal IF_Q + is connected to the RF path selection unit 12.
- the output terminal T3 is connected, and the input terminal IF_Q- is connected to the output terminal T4 of the RF path selection unit 12.
- the selection signal S for switching the connection relationship between its own input terminal and output terminal is input to the IF path selection unit 13. It is assumed that the number of selection signal states is equal to the number of output terminals of the IF path selection unit 13. Therefore, since there are four output terminals of the IF path selection unit 13, there are also four selection signal states.
- the state of the selection signal transitions in a predetermined order. Further, it is desirable that the state of the selection signal transitions at a constant time interval. Furthermore, the frequency of the selection signal S is preferably equal to or lower than the frequency of the IF signal input to the input terminal of the IF path selection unit 13, and more preferably equal to the frequency of the IF signal.
- the selection signal S includes the individual selection signals S1 to S4, which are four binary signals in which a plurality of signals do not simultaneously become a high level, like the four-phase clock signal.
- FIG. 6B is a timing chart showing the selection signal S.
- the individual selection signals S1 to S4 in the selection signal S have a duty ratio of 25% and differ in phase by 90 degrees, like the clock signal shown in FIG. 6A. Note that the frequency of the individual selection signal is different from the frequency of the clock signal.
- the IF path selection unit 13 switches the connection relationship between its own input terminal and output terminal according to the state of the selection signal S, and outputs the IF signal input to each input terminal to the output terminal connected to the input terminal. Output from. More specifically, the IF path selection unit 13 connects each of its own input terminals without overlapping with any of its own output terminals according to the state of the selection signal.
- the load resistors R11 to R14 are loads connected to the output terminal of the IF path selection unit 13, and are loads for converting an IQ signal into a voltage signal.
- each of the load resistors R11 to R14 is connected to any one of the output terminals P1 to P4 of the IF path selection unit 13 without overlap.
- the load resistor R11 is connected to the output terminal P1
- the load resistor R12 is connected to the output terminal P2
- the load resistor R13 is connected to the output terminal P3
- the load resistor R14 is connected to the output terminal P4. Yes.
- the other ends of the load resistors R11 to R14 are connected to the power supply terminal.
- the load capacities C11 to C14 are loads connected to the output terminal of the RF path selection unit 12, and are loads for smoothing the IF signal.
- each of the load capacitors C11 to C14 is connected to one of the output terminals of the RF path selection unit 12 without overlapping.
- the load capacitor C11 is connected to the input terminal IF_I +
- the load capacitor C12 is connected to the input terminal IF_I ⁇
- the load capacitor C13 is connected to the input terminal IF_Q +
- the load capacitor C14 is connected to the input terminal IF_Q ⁇ .
- the other ends of the load capacitors C11 to C14 are connected to a power supply terminal.
- the load capacitors C11 to C14 are connected in parallel to the load resistors R11 to R14 via the IF path selection unit 13. For this reason, the load capacitors C11 to C14 and the load resistors R11 to R14 form an LPF (Low-Pass Filter).
- the RF route selection unit 12 corresponds to the first route selection unit
- the IF route selection unit 13 corresponds to the second route selection unit.
- the load capacitors C11 to C14 constitute a first load unit
- the load resistors R11 to R14 constitute a second load unit.
- the second load unit is connected to each of the output terminals P1 to P4. Will have multiple loads.
- the input terminal I corresponds to the first input terminal
- the input terminals IF_I +, IF_I ⁇ , IF_Q +, and IF_Q ⁇ correspond to the second input terminal
- the output terminals T1 to T4 correspond to the first output terminal
- the output terminals P1 to P4 correspond to the second output terminal.
- the RF signal input to the voltage-current converter 11 corresponds to the first signal
- the clock signals CLKI, CLKQ, CLKIB, and CLKQB correspond to the second signal
- the four-phase clock signal corresponds to the signal group
- IQ The signal corresponds to the third signal
- the selection signal S corresponds to the fourth signal.
- the four-phase clock signal is the signal shown in FIG. 6A and the selection signal S is the signal shown in FIG. 6B.
- an RF signal is input to the voltage / current converter 11.
- the voltage / current converter 11 converts the RF signal into a current signal and inputs the current signal to the input terminal I of the RF path selector 12.
- the RF path selection unit 12 connects the input terminal I to any one of the output terminals T1 to T4 of the RF path selection unit 12 according to the state of the four-phase clock signal, and the IQ signal is connected to the load capacitors C11 to C14. Output in time division.
- the RF path selection unit 12 connects the input terminal I to the output terminal T1 and outputs an IQ signal to the load capacitor C11.
- the RF path selection unit 12 connects the input terminal I to the output terminal T2 and outputs the IQ signal to the load capacitor C13.
- the RF path selection unit 12 connects the input terminal I to the output terminal T3 and outputs an IQ signal to the load capacitor C12.
- the RF path selection unit 12 connects the input terminal I to the output terminal T4 and outputs the IQ signal to the load capacitor C14.
- the IQ signal is integrated by the load capacitors C11 to C14 and input to the IF path selection unit 13 as an IF signal obtained by frequency-converting the RF signal.
- the IF signal is converted into a voltage signal by the load resistors R11 to R14 connected to the load capacitors C11 to C14 in the IF path selection unit 13, and an amplifier is provided between the load capacitors C11 to C14 and the IF path selection unit 13. Are output to a subsequent circuit (not shown).
- the IF path selection unit 13 switches the connection relationship between the load capacitors C11 to C14 and the load resistors R11 to R14 by switching the connection relationship between the input terminal and the output terminal according to the state of the selection signal S.
- FIG. 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D are diagrams for explaining more detailed operation of the IF path selection unit 13.
- FIG. 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D are diagrams for explaining more detailed operation of the IF path selection unit 13.
- the IF path selection unit 13 connects the load capacitor C11 to the load resistor R11, connects the load capacitor C12 to the load resistor R12, and C13 is connected to the load resistor R13, and the load capacitor C14 is connected to the load resistor R14.
- the IF path selection unit 13 connects the load capacitor C11 to the load resistor R14, connects the load capacitor C12 to the load resistor R13, and C13 is connected to the load resistor R11, and the load capacitor C14 is connected to the load resistor R12.
- the IF path selection unit 13 connects the load capacitor C11 to the load resistor R12, connects the load capacitor C12 to the load resistor R11, and C13 is connected to the load resistor R14, and the load capacitor C14 is connected to the load resistor R13.
- the IF path selection unit 13 connects the load capacitor C11 to the load resistor R13, connects the load capacitor C12 to the load resistor R14, and loads the load capacitor.
- C13 is connected to the load resistor R12
- the load capacitor C14 is connected to the load resistor R11.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the signal waveform of the IF signal input to the input terminal of the IF path selection unit 13 and the signal waveform of the IF signal output from the output terminal of the IF path selection unit 13. In FIG. 8, it is assumed that the cycle of the selection signal S is equal to the cycle of the IF signal.
- 8 shows a signal waveform (thick solid line) at the input terminal IF_I + to which the load capacitor C11 is connected and a signal waveform (thick dotted line) at the input terminal IF_Q + to which the load capacitor C13 is connected. Yes. 8 shows a signal waveform (thick solid line) at the output terminal P1 to which the load resistor R11 is connected and a signal waveform (thick dotted line) at the output terminal P3 to which the load resistor R13 is connected. Yes.
- the IF path selection unit 13 has a function of modulating (up-converting) the IF signal based on the selection signal S, and the IF signal is selected from the output terminals P1 to P4.
- the signal is converted to a frequency twice that of the signal S (that is, twice that of the original IF signal) and output.
- each of the load capacitors C11 to C14 is connected to all of the load resistors R11 to R14 in a time-sharing manner.
- the amplitude error and phase error of the IF signal caused by variations in the load resistances R11 to R14 are temporally averaged by the load capacitors C11 to C14, and an IF signal without amplitude error and phase error is obtained.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the voltage / current converter 11.
- the voltage / current converter 11 includes capacitive elements C51 and C52, resistive elements R51 and R52, a PMOS transistor MP51, and an NMOS transistor MN51.
- the NMOS transistor MN51 and the PMOS transistor MP51 constitute a CMOS transistor and play the roles of a drive stage and a load stage complementarily with each other according to the value of the input voltage inputted to the gate.
- the bias voltage VBP is applied to the gate of the PMOS transistor MP51 via the resistor element R51
- the bias voltage VBN is applied to the gate of the NMOS transistor MN51 via the resistor element R52.
- the RF signal input to the voltage-current converter 11 is branched into two, and one of the branched RF signals is input to the gate of the PMOS transistor MP51 after the DC component is removed by the capacitive element C51.
- the other of the signals is input to the gate of the NMOS transistor MP52 after the DC component is removed by the capacitive element C52.
- a current proportional to the value of the RF signal is output from the drains of the NMOS transistor MN51 and the PMOS transistor MP51. Therefore, the RF signal is converted into a current signal and output.
- a four-phase local signal having local signals LO_I, LO_Q, LO_IB, and LO_QB having a duty ratio of 50% and different in phase by 90 degrees is generated from the LO signal of the local oscillator.
- a phase clock signal is generated.
- FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are circuit diagrams showing an example of the configuration of a first generation circuit that generates a four-phase local signal.
- the first generation circuit has delay flip-flops (DFF: D-type Flip Flop) 61 and 62.
- DFF D-type Flip Flop
- Each of the delay flip-flops 61 and 62 receives an LO signal oscillating at a frequency twice that of the 4-phase local signal. Each of the delay flip-flops 61 and 62 divides the LO signal by half and outputs the result as local signals LO_I, LO_Q, LO_IB, and LO_QB.
- the first generation circuit uses the polyphase filter 63 to rotate the LO signal having the same frequency as that of the four-phase local signal by 90 degrees and outputs it as local signals LO_I, LO_Q, LO_IB, and LO_QB. To do.
- FIG. 10C is a circuit diagram showing an example of a configuration of a second generation circuit that generates a four-phase clock signal from a four-phase local signal.
- the second generation circuit includes a logical product unit 64 including four logical product circuits.
- the AND unit 64 generates a clock signal CLKI, CLKQ, CLKIB, and CLKQB by calculating a logical product for each combination of selecting two signals from the local signals LO_I, LO_Q, LO_IB, and LO_QB.
- the logical product unit 64 calculates the logical product of the local signals LO_QB and LO_I to generate the clock signal CLKI, calculates the logical product of the local signals LO_I and LO_Q, and generates the clock signal CLKQ,
- the logical product of the local signals LO_Q and LO_IB is calculated to generate the clock signal CLKIB
- the logical product of the local signals LO_IB and LO_QB is calculated to generate the clock signal CLKQB.
- Each individual selection signal in the selection signal S is different in frequency from each clock signal in the four-phase clock signal, but the other basic characteristics are the same. Therefore, the selection signal S can be generated using a circuit similar to the first generation circuit and the second generation circuit described with reference to FIGS. 10A to 10C.
- the frequency of the LO signal is determined according to the frequency of the selection signal S.
- the circuit shown in FIG. 10D may be used instead of the circuit shown in FIG. 10C.
- selection signals having frequencies and phases depending on the IF signals IF_I and IF_Q are generated by using the IF signals IF_I and IF_Q after quadrature demodulation instead of the oscillation signal.
- amplifiers 65 and 66 that amplify the IF signals IF_I and IF_Q, respectively, are provided in the preceding stage of the AND unit 64. Note that a 2-bit counting circuit or the like may be used instead of the logical product unit 64.
- the first to third generation circuits described above are separate from the orthogonal mixer circuit, but may be included in the orthogonal mixer circuit.
- FIG. 11A is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the IF path selection unit 13.
- the IF path selection unit 13 includes selection circuits (SEL4 in FIG. 11A) 71 to 74 that are multiplexer circuits.
- the input terminals of the selection circuits 71 to 74 are connected to all the input terminals of the IF path selection unit 13, and the output terminals of the selection circuits 71 to 74 are any one of the output terminals of the IF path selection unit 13. Are connected without duplication.
- a selection signal S is input to each of the selection circuits 71-74.
- Each of the selection circuits 71 to 74 connects one of the input terminals of the IF path selection unit 13 to the output terminal of the IF path selection unit 13 connected to its own circuit according to the state of the selection signal S.
- the selection circuits 71 to 74 connect different input terminals to the output terminals.
- FIG. 11B is a circuit diagram showing a specific configuration of the selection circuit.
- the selection circuit has open / close elements 75 to 78.
- Each of the switching elements 75 to 78 is configured using a transmission gate in which an NMOS transistor and a PMOS transistor are combined.
- the input terminals A to D of the open / close elements 75 to 78 are connected to any of the input terminals of the IF path selection unit 13 without overlap.
- the output terminals Y of the open / close elements 75 to 78 are shared and connected to the output terminal of the selection circuit.
- any one of the individual selection signals S1 to S4 is input to the control terminals of the open / close elements 75 to 78 (the gates of the NMOS transistor and the PMOS transistor) without duplication.
- the open / close elements 75 to 78 are opened when the input individual selection signal is at a high level, and connect the input terminal of the IF path selection unit 13 connected to the self element to the output terminal of the selection circuit. .
- the selection circuit may be configured using an opening / closing element formed of an NMOS transistor or a PMOS transistor.
- the RF path selection unit 12 can be configured using an open / close element having an NMOS transistor, a PMOS transistor, or both, similarly to the IF path selection unit 13.
- the voltage / current converter 11 converts the RF signal, which is a voltage signal, into a current signal and outputs the current signal.
- the RF path selection unit 12 connects its own input terminal to one of its output terminals according to the state of the 4-phase clock signal, and multiplies the RF signal by each of the clock signals in the 4-phase clock signal.
- the plurality of IF signals are output separately from their own output terminals.
- the IF path selection unit 13 switches the connection relationship between its own input terminal and output terminal, and the IF signal input to its own input terminal is transferred to its own input terminal. Output from the output terminal.
- the load capacitors C11 to C14 are connected to the output terminal of the RF path selection unit 12, and smooth the IF signal.
- the load resistors R11 to R14 are connected to the output terminal of the IF path selection unit, and convert the IF signal into a voltage signal.
- connection relationship with the output terminals P1 to P4 to which the load resistors R11 to R14 for converting the IF signal into the voltage signal are connected is switched according to the selection signal.
- the IF path selection unit 13 is newly added to the conventional quadrature mixer circuit, and the IF path selection unit 13 is configured using a digital circuit such as a simple counting circuit or a selection circuit. be able to.
- these digital circuits can be configured using a fine CMOS transistor or the like, a newly added circuit can be configured with a very small area. Therefore, the area increase for compensating the phase error and the amplitude error can be made very small.
- the current consumption of the newly added circuit is only the through current that flows at the moment when the state of the selection signal S or the four-phase clock signal is switched. Moreover, since a fine CMOS transistor can be used for the newly added circuit, the through current can be made extremely small. Therefore, the power consumption for compensating the phase error and the amplitude error can be made very small.
- the mixer circuit can be used as an orthogonal mixer circuit that generates an I signal and a Q signal which are differential signals.
- the four-phase clock signal is a binary signal having a duty ratio of 25% and a phase different by 90 degrees, or an inverted signal of the binary signal.
- the number of selection signal states is equal to the number of output terminals of the IF path selection unit 13.
- the second load unit has a plurality of load resistors R11 to R14 connected to the output terminals of the IF path selection unit 13, respectively.
- the IF path selection unit 13 connects each of the input terminals of the IF path selection unit 13 with the output terminal of the IF path selection unit 13 according to the state of the selection signal.
- the output terminal of the RF path selection unit 12 can be connected to all the load resistors R11 to R14 in a time-sharing manner, and phase errors and amplitude errors caused by variations in the load resistors R11 to R14 can be reduced. It becomes possible to compensate more accurately.
- the state of the selection signal transitions in a predetermined order.
- a periodic signal can be used as the selection signal, and the influence of variations in the load resistances R11 to R14 can be easily compensated.
- the state of the selection signal changes at regular time intervals.
- the output terminal of the RF path selection unit 12 can be connected to all of the load resistors R11 to R14 for an equal time, and phase errors and amplitude errors caused by variations in the load resistors R11 to R14 can be reduced. It becomes possible to compensate more accurately.
- the first load unit includes load capacities C11 to C14.
- the load capacitors C11 to C14 and the load resistors R11 to R14 form an LPF, and the IF signal can be always connected to the LPF. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 8, the signal waveform of the IF signal can be made continuous, so that a prefilter is not required.
- the frequency of the selection signal S is equal to or lower than the frequency of the IF signal input to the IF path selection unit 13.
- the IF signal can be input to all of the load resistors R11 to R14 during one period of the IF signal, and phase errors and amplitude errors caused by variations in the load resistors R11 to R14 can be reduced. It becomes possible to compensate more accurately.
- load resistors are used, but five or more load resistors may be prepared.
- load resistors among the prepared load resistors are selected at random or in accordance with a predetermined rule. At this time, the number of states of the output terminal of the IF path selection unit 13 and the selection signal S needs to be increased according to the number of load resistors.
- the mixer circuit can also be used for outputting a baseband or second intermediate frequency signal by inputting a first intermediate frequency signal instead of an RF signal. By inputting a band signal, it can also be used for the purpose of outputting an RF signal.
- the RF signal is frequency-converted using a clock signal having a duty ratio of 25%.
- a clock signal having a duty ratio of 50% such as local signals LO_I, LO_Q, LO_IB, and LO_QB, is converted. Even if it is used, it is possible to obtain the effect of averaging the variation in load resistance in terms of time.
- phase relationship between the local signals LO_I, LO_Q, LO_IB, and LO_QB and the clock signals CLKI, CLKQ, CLKIB, and CLKQB may be appropriately inverted in accordance with the frequency of the IF signal and the frequency of the oscillation signal LO.
- the cycle of the selection signal S is not constant and may change with time.
- the periods in which the individual selection signals S1, S2, S3, and S4 are at the high level do not have to be all equal, and may be an arbitrary time ratio or may change with time.
- the harmonics of the selection signal S are spread over a wide band, and it is possible to prevent the power of unnecessary waves from concentrating on a specific frequency.
- connection relationship between the load capacitors C11 to C14 and the load resistors R11 to R14 according to the state of the selection signal S is not limited to the connection relationship described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7D, and can be changed as appropriate.
- the order of switching the connection relationship may be arbitrary.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a first orthogonal mixer circuit of the present embodiment.
- the quadrature mixer circuit has load resistors R81 and R82 instead of load resistors R11 to R14, and has load capacitors C81 and C82 instead of load capacitors C11 to C14, as compared with FIG. The point is different.
- the load capacitors C81 and C82 are connected to the output terminal of the RF path selection unit 12. More specifically, the load capacitor C81 is provided between the signal lines of the positive phase signal and the negative phase signal of the IF signal IF_I, and the load capacitor C82 is provided between the positive phase signal and the negative phase signal of the IF signal IF_Q. Provided between the respective signal lines.
- load resistors R81 and R82 are connected to the output terminal of the IF path selection unit 13. More specifically, load resistance R81 is connected between output terminals P1 and P2, and load resistance R82 is connected between output terminals P3 and P4.
- the IF path selection unit 13 connects the input terminals IF_I + and IF_Q + to any one of the output terminals P1 and P3 according to the selection signal S without overlapping, and connects the input terminals IF_I ⁇ and IF_Q ⁇ to the output terminal P2.
- P4 can be connected to each other without duplication, the influence on the variation in load resistance can be suppressed.
- the state of the selection signal S may be two. That is, the individual selection signals included in the selection signal S may be the individual selection signals S1 and S2.
- the individual selection signals S1 and S2 When the input terminal and the output terminal of the IF path selection unit 13 are always connected, a binary signal with a duty ratio of 50% and an inverted signal of the binary signal are used as the individual selection signals S1 and S2. be able to.
- FIG. 13A is a circuit diagram showing an example of a specific configuration of the IF path selection unit 13 in the present embodiment.
- the IF path selection unit 13 includes selection circuits (SEL2 in FIG. 13A) 91 to 94 that are multiplexer circuits.
- the input terminals of the selection circuits 91 and 92 are connected to the terminals IF_I + and IF_Q + of the IF path selection unit 13, and the input terminals of the selection circuits 93 and 94 are the input terminals IF_I ⁇ and IF_Q ⁇ of the RF path selection unit 12. Connected.
- the output terminal P 1 of the IF path selection unit 13 is connected to the output terminal of the selection circuit 91, and the output terminal P 3 of the IF path selection unit 13 is connected to the output terminal of the selection circuit 92.
- the output terminal P2 of the IF path selection unit 13 is connected to the output terminal, and the output terminal P4 of the IF path selection unit 13 is connected to the output terminal of the selection circuit 94.
- a selection signal S is input to each of the selection circuits 91 to 94.
- each of the selection circuits 91 to 94 outputs one of the input terminals of the IF path selection unit 13 connected to its own circuit to the output of the IF path selection unit 13 connected to its own circuit. Connect to the terminal.
- the selection circuits 91 to 94 connect different input terminals to the output terminals.
- the selection circuit 91 connects the input terminal IF_I + to the output terminal P1
- the selection circuit 92 connects the input terminal IF_Q + to the output terminal P3
- the selection circuit 93 The terminal IF_I ⁇ is connected to the output terminal P2, and the selection circuit 94 connects the input terminal IF_Q ⁇ to the output terminal P4.
- the selection circuit 91 connects the input terminal IF_Q + to the output terminal P1
- the selection circuit 92 connects the input terminal IF_I + to the output terminal P3
- the selection circuit 93 The terminal IF_Q ⁇ is connected to the output terminal P2, and the selection circuit 94 connects the input terminal IF_I ⁇ to the output terminal P4.
- FIG. 13B is a circuit diagram showing a specific configuration of the selection circuit of IF path selection unit 13 shown in FIG. 13A.
- the selection circuit has open / close elements 95 and 96.
- Each of the open / close elements 95 and 96 is configured using a transmission gate in which an NMOS transistor and a PMOS transistor are combined.
- the input terminals E and F of the open / close elements 95 and 96 are connected without overlapping with any of the input terminals of the selection circuit.
- the output terminals Z of the switching elements 95 and 96 are made common and connected to the output terminal of the selection circuit.
- One of the individual selection signals S1 and S2 is input to the control terminals of the open / close elements 95 and 96.
- the open / close elements 95 and 96 are in an open state when the input individual selection signal is at a high level.
- the load capacity may be connected between the signal line and the ground point, as in FIG. In this case, four load capacities are required. Further, a capacitive element connected between the signal line and the ground point and a capacitive element connected between the signal lines may be used as the load capacitance.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a second orthogonal mixer circuit of the present embodiment. 14, the quadrature mixer circuit has a load resistor R101 instead of the load resistors R81 and R82, as compared with FIG.
- One end of the load resistor R101 is connected to the output terminals P1 and P3, and the other end of the load resistor R101 is connected to the output terminals P2 and P4.
- the IF path selection unit 13 is connected to the output terminal of the RF path selection unit 12 and the IF path selection unit 13 so that the load resistor R101 is connected in parallel with the load capacitor C81 or C82 according to the selection signal S. Switches the connection relationship with the output terminal.
- the IF signal IF_Q becomes a voltage value held in the load capacitor C82
- the load resistor R101 is connected in parallel with the load capacitor C82
- IF The signal F_I becomes a voltage value held in the load capacitor C81.
- the circuit configuration of the orthogonal mixer circuit can be simplified.
- the IF path selection unit 13 needs to perform discrete time processing.
- the signal band of the input signal input to the discrete time processing circuit needs to be limited to one half or less of the sampling frequency. For this reason, the orthogonal mixer circuit requires a pre-filter for band limitation.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the orthogonal mixer circuit of the present embodiment.
- the orthogonal mixer circuit includes a voltage / current converter 111 instead of the voltage / current converter 11 and an RF path selector 112 instead of the RF path selector 12 as compared with FIG. 5.
- the voltage / current converter 111 and the RF path selector 112 are different from the voltage / current converter 11 and the RF path selector 12 in that they have a differential configuration.
- the RF signal which is a differential voltage signal is input to the voltage-current converter 111.
- the voltage-current converter 111 converts the RF signal, which is the differential signal, into a current signal and outputs it from its output terminal.
- the RF path selection unit 112 has input terminals I1 and I2 to which the RF signal output from the voltage / current conversion unit 11 is input, and a plurality of output terminals. In addition, a four-phase clock signal is input to the RF path selection unit 112.
- the RF path selection unit 112 has four output terminals, and the output terminals may be referred to as output terminals U1 to U4.
- the RF path selection unit 112 separately connects the input terminals I1 and 112B to any two of the output terminals U1 to U4 according to the state of the four-phase clock signal.
- the RF path selection unit 12 outputs a plurality of signals obtained by multiplying the RF signal by each clock signal in the four-phase clock signal from the output terminals U1 to U4.
- the RF path selection unit 112 connects the input terminal I1 to the output terminal U1 and connects the input terminal I2 to the output terminal U2.
- the RF path selection unit 112 connects the input terminal I1 to the output terminal U3 and connects the input terminal I2 to the output terminal U4.
- the RF path selection unit 112 connects the input terminal I1 to the output terminal U2 and connects the input terminal I2 to the output terminal U1.
- the RF path selection unit 112 connects the input terminal I1 to the output terminal U4 and connects the input terminal I2 to the output terminal U3.
- the orthogonal mixer circuit functions as a double balance mixer circuit. Therefore, even-order distortion of the IF signal and feedthrough of the RF signal and the local signal LO can be suppressed.
- FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the orthogonal mixer circuit of the present embodiment.
- the orthogonal mixer circuit is different from FIG. 15 in that the second load unit is realized by active loads (active loads) 121 and 122. Note that voltage-current conversion circuits are used as the active loads 121 and 122.
- the frequency conversion gain of the orthogonal mixer circuit shown in FIG. 15 is proportional to the product of the conversion gain of the voltage / current conversion unit 111 and the load resistance. However, generally, it is difficult to accurately determine the frequency conversion gain due to variations in load resistance and the like in the manufacturing process.
- the frequency conversion gain of the quadrature mixer circuit shown in FIG. 16 is proportional to the ratio between the conversion gain of the voltage / current conversion unit 111 and the conversion gain of the voltage / current conversion circuit used as the active loads 121 and 122. For this reason, the quadrature mixer circuit of the present embodiment has better resistance to load variations in the manufacturing process.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the orthogonal mixer circuit of the present embodiment.
- the quadrature mixer circuit realizes the second load unit with second-order LPFs 131 and 132 as compared with FIG. 15, and includes a second IF path selection unit 133 and second load capacitors C134 to C137. Furthermore, it has a different point.
- the second-order LPFs 131 and 132 are second-order low-pass filters using transimpedance amplifiers, which attenuate and output a high frequency band of the IF signal that is equal to or higher than a predetermined Nyquist frequency.
- the secondary LPFs 131 and 132 have a differential configuration.
- the secondary LPF 131 has voltage-current converters 138A to 138C connected in series.
- the two input terminals of the voltage-current converter 138A in the foremost stage are connected to the output terminals P1 and P2 of the IF path selection unit 13, respectively.
- the output terminals of the voltage / current converters 138A and 138C are feedback-connected to the input terminal of the voltage / current converter 138A, and the output terminals Q1 and Q2 of the voltage / current converter 138B are also used as the output terminals of the secondary LPF 131.
- And is connected to the IF path selector 133.
- the secondary LPF 132 includes voltage-current converters 139A to 139C connected in series.
- the two input terminals of the voltage-current converter 139A in the foremost stage are connected to the output terminals P3 and P4 of the IF path selection unit 13, respectively.
- the output terminals of the voltage / current converters 139A and 139C are feedback-connected to the input terminal of the voltage / current converter 139A, and the output terminals Q3 and Q4 of the voltage / current converter 139B are also used as the output terminals of the secondary LPF 132. And is connected to the IF path selector 133.
- the high frequency band in the IF signal IF_I is attenuated by the secondary LPF 131, and the high frequency band in the IF signal IF_Q is attenuated by the secondary LPF 132.
- the IF path selection unit 133 includes a plurality of input terminals to which the IF signal output from the IF path selection unit 13 is input and a plurality of output terminals. In the following, it is assumed that there are four input terminals and four output terminals of the IF path selection unit 133.
- each of the input terminals of the IF path selection unit 13 may be referred to as input terminals V1 to V4, and each of the output terminals of the IF path selection unit 133 may be referred to as output terminals IF_I2 +, IF_I2-, IF_Q2 +, and IF_Q2-. .
- the IF signals output from the IF path selection unit 13 are input to the input terminals V1 to V4 via the secondary LPF 131 or 132, respectively.
- the IF path selection unit 133 switches the connection relationship between its own input terminal and output terminal according to the selection signal S, and outputs the IF signal input to each input terminal from the output terminal connected to the input terminal. To do. More specifically, the IF path selection unit 133 connects each of its own input terminals with its own output terminal without overlapping according to the state of the selection signal S. As a result, the IF path selection unit 133 outputs the IF signal input to its own input terminal from its output terminal connected to the input terminal.
- the load capacitors C134 to C137 are loads connected to the output terminals of the IF path selection unit 133 without overlap, and are loads for smoothing the IF signal.
- the reason why the load capacitors C134 to C137 are introduced is that when an IF signal is converted into a voltage signal using a secondary LPF, two load capacitors per path are required to smooth the IF signal. This is necessary.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the IF path selection unit 133.
- the IF path selection unit 133 includes selection circuits (SEL4 in FIG. 11A) 141 to 144 that are multiplexer circuits, similarly to the IF path selection unit 13 shown in FIG. 11A.
- the input terminals of the selection circuits 141 to 144 are connected to all the input terminals of the IF path selection unit 133, and the output terminals of the selection circuits 141 to 144 are any one of the output terminals of the IF path selection unit 133. Are connected without duplication.
- a selection signal S is input to each of the selection circuits 141 to 144.
- the second IF path selection unit 133 corresponds to the third path selection unit, and the second load capacitors C134 to C137 constitute a third load unit.
- the input terminals V1 to V4 correspond to the third input terminal, and the output terminals IF_Q2 +, IF_I2-, IF_I2 +, and IF_Q2- correspond to the fourth output terminal.
- the IF path selection unit 133 switches the connection relationship between its input terminal and output terminal according to the selection signal S, and connects the IF signal input to each input terminal and its input terminal. Output from the specified output terminal.
- the load capacitors C134 to C137 are connected to the output terminal of the IF path selection unit 133, and smooth the IF signal.
- the phase error and amplitude error of the IQ signal caused by the variation of the second-order LPFs 131 and 132, which are the first load units sandwiched between the IF path selection units 13 and 133, are load capacitances C11 to C14.
- the load capacity C134 to the load capacity C137 are averaged over time. Thereby, the phase error and the amplitude error are compensated.
- the IF path selection unit 133 can demodulate (down-convert) the IF signal modulated (up-conversion) by the IF path selection unit 13 and reproduce a signal having the same frequency as the original signal. Further, the offset and low frequency noise generated in the secondary LPFs 131 and 132 sandwiched between the IF path selection units 13 and 133 are modulated (up-converted) by the selection signal S in the IF path selection unit 133.
- the frequency of the desired signal component does not overlap with the frequency of the undesired signal component such as an offset or low-frequency noise. Can be easily suppressed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in addition to the effect that the phase error and the amplitude error of the IQ signal generated due to the influence of the variation can be compensated, the signal-to-noise ratio due to the offset generated in the second load unit and the low frequency noise. There is an effect that it is possible to suppress deterioration of the resin.
- the second load unit is realized by a secondary LPF.
- the second load unit is not limited to the secondary LPF, and outputs a predetermined frequency band in the IF signal after attenuation.
- a general filter circuit may be included.
- the second load unit may be configured using a band-pass filter (BPF: Band-Pass Filter), a complex BPF, a band rejection filter, and the like.
- BPF Band-Pass Filter
- FIG. 19A is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the orthogonal mixer circuit of the present embodiment.
- the orthogonal mixer circuit shown in FIG. 19A is different from FIG. 17 in that the second load unit is realized by amplifiers 152 and 153 and a clock path selection unit 151 is newly added.
- the clock path selection unit 151 inputs one of the clock signals CLKI, CLKQ, CLKIB, and CLKQB to the amplifiers 152 and 153 according to the selection signal S. Specifically, clock path selection unit 151 inputs one of clock signals CLKQ and CLKQB to amplifier 152 and inputs clock signals CLKI and CLKIB to amplifier 153.
- the clock path selection unit 151 can use the same circuit as the circuit shown in FIG. 11A. Further, since the clock signal input to the clock path selection unit 151 is a binary signal having a value of 0 or 1, the selection circuit can be configured by a combination of logic gates.
- the amplifiers 152 and 153 have a gain proportional to the duty ratio of the clock signal input from the clock path selection unit 151, and amplify and output the IF signals IF_I and IF_Q according to the gain.
- the amplitude of the IF signal IF_I is larger than the amplitude of the IF signal IF_Q without the amplifiers 152 and 153.
- the amplifiers 152 and 153 exist, the clock signals CLKQ and CLKQB are input to the amplifier 152, and the clock signals CLKI and CLKIB are input to the amplifier 153. Therefore, the gain of the amplifier 152 is smaller than the gain of the amplifier 153. As a result, the amplitude error can be reduced.
- FIG. 19B is a circuit diagram showing an example of a specific configuration of the amplifier 152.
- the amplifier 152 is realized using a voltage-current conversion circuit.
- the amplifier 152 includes a CMOS inverter circuit including a PMOS transistor MP151 and an NMOS transistor MN151, an OR gate 154, a NOT gate 155, and transmission gates 156 and 157.
- the CMOS inverter circuit receives an IF signal and outputs a current proportional to the voltage value of the IF signal.
- OR gate 154 outputs a logical sum signal of clock signals CLKI and CLKIB.
- the NOT gate 155 outputs an inverted signal of the logical sum signal output from the OR gate 154.
- An OR signal is input to the gate of the NMOS transistor of the transmission gate 156, and an inverted signal of the OR signal is input to the gate of the PMOS transistor.
- the output terminal of the transmission gate 156 is the output terminal of the amplifier 152.
- the inverted signal of the logical sum signal is input to the gate of the NMOS transistor of the transmission gate 156, and the logical sum signal is input to the gate of the PMOS transistor.
- the output terminal of the transmission gate 156 is connected to the ground point.
- the amplifier 152 outputs a current proportional to the voltage value of the IF signal only when the clock signal CLKI or CLKIB is at a high level, and otherwise the current flows to the ground point. Therefore, the time average of the output current has a voltage-current conversion gain proportional to the duty ratio of the logical sum of the clock signals CLKI and CLKIB.
- the amplifier 153 may replace the clock signals CLKI and CLKIB in FIG. 19B with the clock signals CLKQ and CLKQB.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the orthogonal mixer circuit of the present embodiment.
- the quadrature mixer circuit includes a load unit 161 having an HPF (High-Pass Filter) for attenuating the low frequency band of the IF signal and a second load unit compared to FIG. The point realized in 162 is different.
- HPF High-Pass Filter
- the load unit 161 includes buffer stages 163 and 164 and an HPF (High-Pass Filter) 165 connected in series.
- the buffer stage 163 is provided before the HPF 165, and the buffer stage 164 is provided after the HPF 165. Note that each of the buffer stages 163 and 164 and the HPF 165 has a differential configuration.
- the two input terminals of the buffer stage 163 are connected to the output terminals P1 and P2 of the IF path selection unit 13.
- the two output terminals of the buffer stage 164 are connected to the input terminals V1 and V2 of the IF path selection unit 133.
- the load unit 162 includes buffer stages 166 and 167 and an HPF 168 connected in series.
- the buffer stage 166 is provided before the HPF 168, and the buffer stage 167 is provided after the HPF 168. Note that each of the buffer stages 166 and 167 and the HPF 168 has a differential configuration.
- the two input terminals of the buffer stage 166 are connected to the output terminals P3 and P4 of the IF path selection unit 13. Further, the two output terminals of the buffer stage 167 are connected to the input terminals V 3 and V 4 of the IF path selection unit 133.
- the IF signal output from the IF path selection unit 13 is input to the HPF 165 or 168 via the buffer stage 163 or 166.
- the HPFs 165 and 168 attenuate the low frequency band equal to or lower than the predetermined cutoff frequency in the IF signal and output the attenuated signal to the IF path selection unit 133 via the buffer stage 164 or 167.
- the cutoff frequencies of the HPFs 165 and 168 are approximately the same as the frequency of the IF signal.
- the cycle of the selection signal S is assumed to be equal to the IF signal.
- the connection relationship between the input terminal IF_l + of the IF path selection unit 13 and the output terminal is switched in the order of the output terminals P1, P3, P2, and P4.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a waveform of the IF signal when a desired wave signal is input to the IF path selection unit 13 as an IF signal. More specifically, FIG. 21 shows the waveforms of the IF signals at the input terminals IF_I +, IF_I ⁇ , IF_Q +, and IF_Q ⁇ of the IF path selection unit 13, and the waveforms of the IF signals at the output terminals P1 to P4 of the IF path selection unit 13.
- FIG. 21 shows the waveforms of the IF signals at the input terminals IF_I +, IF_I ⁇ , IF_Q +, and IF_Q ⁇ of the IF path selection unit 13, and the waveforms of the IF signals at the output terminals P1 to P4 of the IF path selection unit 13.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating waveforms of IF signals at input terminals V1 to V4 of IF path selection unit 133 and waveforms of IF signals at output terminals IF_I2 +, IF_I2-, IF_Q2 +, and IF_Q2- of IF path selection unit 133.
- the desired wave signal is converted by the IF path selection unit 13 to a frequency twice that at the time of input (higher harmonic components are omitted) and output to the HPFs 165 and 168. Since the cutoff frequencies of HPFs 165 and 168 are approximately the same as the frequency of the IF signal, HPFs 165 and 168 output the desired wave signal to IF path selection unit 133 as it is.
- the desired wave signal is demodulated into the waveform at the time of input to the IF path selection unit 13 and output by the IF path selection unit 133.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a waveform of the IF signal when an image wave signal is input to the IF path selection unit 13 as an IF signal. More specifically, FIG. 22 shows the waveforms of the IF signals at the input terminals IF_I +, IF_I ⁇ , IF_Q +, and IF_Q ⁇ of the IF path selection unit 13, and the waveforms of the IF signals at the output terminals P1 to P4 of the IF path selection unit 13.
- FIG. 22 shows the waveforms of the IF signals at the input terminals IF_I +, IF_I ⁇ , IF_Q +, and IF_Q ⁇ of the IF path selection unit 13, and the waveforms of the IF signals at the output terminals P1 to P4 of the IF path selection unit 13.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating waveforms of IF signals at input terminals V1 to V4 of IF path selection unit 133 and waveforms of IF signals at output terminals IF_I2 +, IF_I2-, IF_Q2 +, and IF_Q2- of IF path selection unit 133.
- the image wave signal is a signal in which the phase relationship between the I signal and the Q signal is reversed at the same frequency as the desired wave signal.
- the image wave signal is one of the factors that degrade the signal-to-noise coverage of the IQ signal.
- the image wave signal is converted by the IF path selection unit 13 into a DC component and a frequency component four times that at the time of input (higher harmonic components are omitted) to HPFs 165 and 168. Is output.
- the DC components of the image wave signal are attenuated by the HPFs 165 and 168, and an image wave signal having only a quadruple frequency component is output to the IF path selection unit 133.
- the image wave signal is demodulated by the IF path selection unit 133.
- the amplitude of the demodulated image wave signal is attenuated by the amount corresponding to the removal of the DC component as compared with the input of the IF path selection unit 13. .
- the quadrature mixer circuit can average the phase error and amplitude error of the IQ signal generated due to the influence of the variation of the second load unit, and the offset and low level generated in the second load unit.
- the image wave can be attenuated.
- the image wave signal removal function according to the present embodiment can also be implemented by a digital circuit. Further, it is not necessary to make the frequency of the selection signal S equal to the frequency of the IF signal. For example, when the frequency of the selection signal S is higher by ⁇ f than the frequency f of the IF signal, the frequency of the desired wave signal is typically converted to 2f + ⁇ f by the IF path selection unit 13 and the frequency of the image wave signal is ⁇ f Is converted to Therefore, HPFs 165 and 168 are useful when ⁇ f is sufficiently small.
- a band elimination filter having a notch in the frequency band of the difference ⁇ f between the frequency of the selection signal S and the IF signal may be added to the load units 161 and 162.
- the load units 161 and 162 attenuate the frequency band including the frequency corresponding to the difference ⁇ f between the frequency of the selection signal S and the frequency of the IF signal, and can attenuate the image wave signal.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 電圧信号である第1信号を電流信号に変換して出力する電圧電流変換部と、
前記電圧電流変換部から出力された第1信号が入力される第1入力端子と、複数の第1出力端子とを有し、前記第1信号に乗算する複数の第2信号を含む信号群の状態に応じて、前記第1入力端子と前記第1出力端子との接続関係を切り替えて、前記第1信号に前記複数の第2信号のそれぞれを乗算した複数の第3信号を、各第1出力端子から別々に出力する第1経路選択部と、
前記第3信号のそれぞれが入力される複数の第2入力端子と、複数の第2出力端子とを有し、前記第2入力端子と前記第2出力端子との接続関係を切り替える第4信号の状態に応じて、前記第2入力端子と前記第2出力端子との接続関係を切り替えて、各第2入力端子に入力された第3信号を、当該第2入力端子と接続されている第2出力端子から出力する第2経路選択部と、
前記第1出力端子と接続された、前記第3信号を平滑化するための第1負荷部と、
前記第2出力端子と接続された、前記第3信号を電圧信号に変換するための第2負荷部と、を有するミキサ回路。 - 請求項1に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第1出力端子および前記信号群の状態のそれぞれは、4つずつある、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項2に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第2信号は、デューティ比が25%であり、位相がそれぞれ90度ずつ異なる4つの2値信号、または、当該2値信号の反転信号からなる、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第4信号の状態の数は、前記第2出力端子の数と等しく、
前記第2負荷部は、前記第2出力端子のそれぞれに接続された複数の負荷を有し、
前記第2経路選択部は、前記第4信号の状態に応じて、前記第2出力端子のそれぞれを前記第1出力端子のいずれかと重複なく接続する、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項4に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第4信号の状態は、予め定められた順番で遷移する、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項4または5に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第4信号の状態は、一定の時間間隔で遷移する、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項4ないし6のいずれか1項に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第2出力端子および前記第4信号の状態のそれぞれは、4つずつある、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項7に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第4信号は、デューティ比が25%であり、位相がそれぞれ90度ずつ異なる4つの2値信号、または、当該2値信号の反転信号からなる、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項8に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第4信号の周波数は、前記第3信号の周波数以下である、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第1負荷部は、容量素子を有する、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第2出力端子から出力された第3信号が入力される複数の第3入力端子と、複数の第3出力端子とを有し、前記第4信号に応じて、前記第3入力端子と前記第3出力端子との接続関係を切り替えて、各第3入力端子に入力された第3信号を、当該第3入力端子と接続された第2出力端子から出力する第3経路選択部と、
前記第3出力端子に接続され、前記第3信号を平滑化するための第3負荷部と、を有する、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項11に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第3負荷部は、容量素子を含む、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項11または12に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第2負荷部は、前記第3信号の高周波数帯域を減衰させる低域通過型フィルタを有する、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項11または12に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第2負荷部は、前記第3信号の低周波数帯域を減衰させる高域通過型フィルタを有する、ミキサ回路。 - 請求項11または12に記載のミキサ回路において、
前記第2負荷部は、前記第2信号のデューティ比に比例した利得を持つ増幅器を有する、ミキサ回路。 - 電圧信号である第1信号を電流信号に変換して出力する電圧電流変換部と、前記電圧電流変換部から出力された第1信号が入力される第1入力端子と前記第1信号に複数の第2信号のそれぞれを乗算した複数の第3信号を出力する第1出力端子とを有する第1経路選択部と、前記第3信号のそれぞれが入力される複数の第2入力端子と複数の第2出力端子とを有する第2経路選択部と、前記第1出力端子と接続された前記第3信号を平滑化するための第1負荷部と、前記第2出力端子と接続された前記第3信号を電圧信号に変換するための第2負荷部と、を有するミキサ回路によるばらつき抑制方法であって、
前記複数の第2信号を含む信号群の状態に応じて、前記第1入力端子と前記第1出力端子との接続関係を切り替えて、前記第1信号に前記第2信号のそれぞれを乗算した複数の第3信号を、各第1出力端子から別々に出力する第1切替ステップと、
前記第2入力端子と前記第2出力端子との接続関係を切り替える第4信号の状態に応じて、前記第2入力端子と前記第2出力端子との接続関係を切り替えて、各第2入力端子に入力された第3信号を、当該第2入力端子と接続された第2出力端子から出力する第2切替ステップと、を有するばらつき抑制方法。 - 請求項16に記載のばらつき抑制方法において、
前記第2切替ステップでは、前記第3信号を、前記第4信号に基づいて変調して出力しており、
前記変調されて出力された第3信号内の所定周波数帯域を減衰させる減衰ステップと、
前記所定周波数帯域が減衰された第3信号を前記第4信号に基づいて復調して出力する復調ステップを有する、ばらつき抑制方法。 - 請求項18に記載のばらつき抑制方法において、
前記減衰ステップでは、前記所定周波数帯域として、前記第3信号の周波数と前記第4信号の周波数との差分に相当する周波数を含む周波数帯域を減衰させる、ばらつき抑制方法。 - 請求項18または19に記載のばらつき抑制方法において、
前記減衰ステップでは、前記所定周波数帯域として、予め定められた遮断周波数以下の周波数帯域を減衰させる、ばらつき抑制方法。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/508,513 US8723588B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2010-10-22 | Mixer circuit and variation suppressing method |
| JP2011540459A JP5445591B2 (ja) | 2009-11-11 | 2010-10-22 | ミキサ回路およびばらつき抑制方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009-257795 | 2009-11-11 | ||
| JP2009257795 | 2009-11-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011058863A1 true WO2011058863A1 (ja) | 2011-05-19 |
Family
ID=43991523
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/068730 Ceased WO2011058863A1 (ja) | 2009-11-11 | 2010-10-22 | ミキサ回路およびばらつき抑制方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8723588B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5445591B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2011058863A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2611031B1 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-09-28 | ST-Ericsson SA | Signal filtering |
| US8836408B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-16 | Nxp B.V. | High-speed switch with signal-follower control offsetting effective visible-impedance loading |
| KR102222449B1 (ko) * | 2015-02-16 | 2021-03-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 탭이 내장된 데이터 수신기 및 이를 포함하는 데이터 전송 시스템 |
| US9654310B1 (en) * | 2016-11-19 | 2017-05-16 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Analog delay cell and tapped delay line comprising the analog delay cell |
| US10515592B2 (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-12-24 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Display device and a method of driving a gate driver |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003060441A (ja) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-28 | Toshiba Corp | ダブルバランスミキサー回路とそれを用いた直交復調回路 |
| JP2008118474A (ja) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-22 | Sharp Corp | イメージ抑圧ミキサおよびそれを備えた半導体装置、通信装置、電子機器 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6121819A (en) * | 1998-04-06 | 2000-09-19 | Motorola, Inc. | Switching down conversion mixer for use in multi-stage receiver architectures |
| JP3686074B1 (ja) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-24 | シャープ株式会社 | 無線受信回路および無線携帯機器 |
| US7689189B2 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2010-03-30 | Silicon Laboratories Inc. | Circuit and method for signal reception using a low intermediate frequency reception |
| JP3992287B2 (ja) | 2005-06-15 | 2007-10-17 | 株式会社半導体理工学研究センター | 複素バンドパスフィルタ、複素バンドパスδσad変調器、ad変換回路及びデジタル無線受信機 |
| US7890076B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2011-02-15 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Mixer circuit and method |
| US7599676B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2009-10-06 | Silicon Laboratories, Inc. | Power consumption reduction techniques for an RF receiver implementing a mixing DAC architecture |
| JP2009111632A (ja) | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-21 | Toshiba Corp | 周波数変換器及びこれを用いた受信機及び送信機 |
| JP2009159604A (ja) | 2007-12-03 | 2009-07-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 信号生成装置並びに送信機及び送受信機 |
| EP2416499A1 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-08 | Nxp B.V. | A multimode SAW-less receiver with a translational loop for input matching |
-
2010
- 2010-10-22 WO PCT/JP2010/068730 patent/WO2011058863A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2010-10-22 US US13/508,513 patent/US8723588B2/en active Active
- 2010-10-22 JP JP2011540459A patent/JP5445591B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003060441A (ja) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-28 | Toshiba Corp | ダブルバランスミキサー回路とそれを用いた直交復調回路 |
| JP2008118474A (ja) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-22 | Sharp Corp | イメージ抑圧ミキサおよびそれを備えた半導体装置、通信装置、電子機器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8723588B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
| US20130015901A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
| JP5445591B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
| JPWO2011058863A1 (ja) | 2013-03-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102971961B (zh) | 转换电路 | |
| US7986192B2 (en) | Harmonic rejection mixer and harmonic rejection mixing method | |
| JP5445591B2 (ja) | ミキサ回路およびばらつき抑制方法 | |
| US9148125B2 (en) | High order discrete time charge rotating passive infinite impulse response filter | |
| JP5360210B2 (ja) | ポリフェーズフィルタ及びそれを有するシングルサイドバンドミキサ | |
| EP1289125A2 (en) | Double balance mixer circuit and orthogonal demodulation circuit using the same | |
| JP2006157866A (ja) | 複素フィルタ回路および受信回路 | |
| JP5821846B2 (ja) | 周波数変換器およびそれを用いた受信機 | |
| JP6604688B2 (ja) | 電荷共有フィルタ | |
| JP5429191B2 (ja) | 受信装置、イメージ信号の減衰方法及びミスマッチ補償方法 | |
| JP5790650B2 (ja) | 周波数変換器およびそれを用いた受信機 | |
| JP2001502514A (ja) | 非対称側波帯を有する変調キャリヤの受信 | |
| JP2005500780A (ja) | 同調可能な直交位相シフタ | |
| JP5682558B2 (ja) | 直交ミキサ | |
| US10158387B1 (en) | Frequency down-converter with high immunity to blocker and method thereof | |
| JP5834577B2 (ja) | 直交信号生成回路、直交信号生成回路の調整方法、及び無線通信装置 | |
| JP4793595B2 (ja) | 周波数シンセサイザ | |
| US20060252396A1 (en) | Phase generator using polyphase architecture | |
| JP5248425B2 (ja) | 電流スイッチ回路及びこれを用いたディジタル−アナログ変換器 | |
| JP2010109716A (ja) | 信号生成回路及びその信号生成方法 | |
| JP4705443B2 (ja) | 受信システム | |
| JP4161913B2 (ja) | 正弦波乗算回路及び正弦波乗算方法 | |
| JP5616305B2 (ja) | 送信器 | |
| US20060209992A1 (en) | Receiver device | |
| Akula et al. | A 4× Sub-Harmonic Regenerative Divider Based Carrier Recovery Receiver |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10829823 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011540459 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13508513 Country of ref document: US |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 10829823 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |