[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2010133189A1 - Materials comprising carbon nanoparticles and the use thereof - Google Patents

Materials comprising carbon nanoparticles and the use thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010133189A1
WO2010133189A1 PCT/DE2009/000695 DE2009000695W WO2010133189A1 WO 2010133189 A1 WO2010133189 A1 WO 2010133189A1 DE 2009000695 W DE2009000695 W DE 2009000695W WO 2010133189 A1 WO2010133189 A1 WO 2010133189A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
use according
carbon nanotubes
components
high temperatures
graphite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2009/000695
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arno Cloos
René Kirchner
Dieter Melzer
Hans-Henning Reis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/DE2009/000695 priority Critical patent/WO2010133189A1/en
Publication of WO2010133189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010133189A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
    • B23H1/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
    • B23H1/06—Electrode material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C04B35/522—Graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
    • C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/043—Sliding surface consisting mainly of ceramics, cermets or hard carbon, e.g. diamond like carbon [DLC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422—Carbon
    • C04B2235/425—Graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5284—Hollow fibers, e.g. nanotubes
    • C04B2235/5288—Carbon nanotubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5454—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof nanometer sized, i.e. below 100 nm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/002—Carbon nanotubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/005—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes with additional metal compounds being borides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/006—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes with additional metal compounds being carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/007—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes with additional metal compounds being nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/008—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes with additional metal compounds other than carbides, borides or nitrides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/02—Carbon based material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/48—Particle sizes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
    • F16C2240/64—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings in the nanometer range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
    • H01J2235/081—Target material
    • H10W40/25—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to materials containing carbon nanoparticles and their use.
  • carbon nanoparticles in the context of the present invention as novel carbon-based materials, the so-called carbon nanotubes ("carbon nanotubes” or “CNT”) (company publication of Bayer AG, Bayer Material Science “Baytubes C 150 p”) and Carbon powder with graphite structure and substantially spherical shape with a mean grain size of, for example 55 nm (company publication of the company Auer-Remy GmbH, Hamburg “Nano Powders", position “C 1249YD 7440- 44-0”) summarized
  • the carbon nanoparticle prepares for spherical particles with their dimensions in all axial directions the achievement of a substantially isotropic properties of the material securing spatial distribution naturally less procedural difficulties in the preparation of raw materials for the shaping of the base body as b a carbon nanotube with its axial extent.
  • the carbon nanotubes While in conventional graphite carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal arrangement planar in individual planes, in the carbon nanotubes such hexagonal arrangements are tube-like, resulting in excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. As the syllable "nano" expresses, the diameters of these carbon nanotubes are in the nanometer range, with 0.4 nm to 50 nm or 100 nm, depending on the source.
  • the bulk density of these carbon nanotubes according to the manufacturer is in the order of 0.15 g / cm 3 , the material density is given as 1.3 g / cm 3 to 1.4 g / cm 3 , which is significantly lower than that of graphite.
  • Strength is called a theoretical value of 45 GPa, which would be about 20 times that of steel.
  • the theoretical thermal conductivity is 6000 W / mK, which is twice as high as that of diamond and at least one order of magnitude higher than that of metallic thermal conductors (F. Kerbe, Carbon Nanotubes: On the Way Out Research in the application, Ceramic Journal, Issue 6 (2007), p.436-440, in particular Figure 1).
  • the carbon nanotubes have been the subject of intensive application studies for several years because of their above-mentioned material properties, which are dispersed in most cases for reasons of molding and probably also for cost reasons in another material and only one of their excellent material properties is exploited.
  • the object of the invention is to use materials which contain carbon nanoparticles for components which require new complex combinations of properties and of static and dynamic load-bearing capacity of different character.
  • the materials which can be used according to the invention with carbon nanoparticles or high-performance graphite and / or fibrous graphite materials containing such carbon nanoparticles are prepared by processes known per se for industrial ceramics (E 60 to E62) and powder metallurgy (E 36 to B 37). and the coating technologies (S 91 to S 92), while ensuring that the structure of the carbon nanoparticles, in particular the carbon nanotubes, is not destroyed (The brackets are page numbers of the standard work Dubbel - Paperback for Mechanical Engineering, 19th edition, Berlin 1997, where these technologies are clearly presented).
  • a fundamental prerequisite for achieving the desired effects with regard to static and dynamic strength, high-temperature behavior, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion is the quasi-homogeneous distribution of the carbon nanoparticles in the component in order to obtain a sub-microscopic substantially isotropic base body, ie. achieve an anisotropy degree of, for example, ⁇ 1.2 (ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value when measured in the three spatial dimensions) with respect to the above-mentioned characteristics.
  • ⁇ 1.2 ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value when measured in the three spatial dimensions
  • the macroflexibility of the materials can be increased by the addition of high-strength compounds such as oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, suicides of tantalum, niobium, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, hafnium, boron and / or tungsten or mixtures thereof. Also, mixtures of these compounds are conceivable.
  • the proportion of these substances in an axial direction can be varied, and it may also be advantageous if the optionally present proportion of graphite or graphite fibers to a functional layer in favor of the proportion of coals - substance nanoparticles and the strength-enhancing substances mentioned decreases.
  • the material can be provided by the usual coating method with a functional layer, wherein for controlling the harmful carbon diffusion per se known diffusion barrier layers of rhenium, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, titanium or compounds and combinations of these metals and in an advantageous embodiment
  • a binding layer for example by introducing rhenium or rhenium compounds, or carbides in the surface region of the component from the materials used in the invention, are arranged.
  • Exemplary embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Exemplary embodiment 1:
  • a material for use according to the invention consists, for example, of 60% by mass of carbon nanotubes, 20% by mass of nano-graphite powder particles and 20% by mass of molybdenum carbide.
  • This material is made by the usual methods of powder metallurgy and graphite processing by mixing the powders, pressing and heat treatment, possibly using the hot pressing method, in dimensions close to the final shape and finished by metal cutting.
  • This material is particularly suitable for use in wear resistant components, such as slip rings, plain bearings, electrodes for spark erosion, dies and punches for hot pressing or pressure sintering, extrusion and grinding wheels and cutting tool pads, which will be shown below in specific embodiments.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a further embodiment of an advantageous use according to the invention of the o.e. Material relates to molds (molds) for the original formation of metals or alloys.
  • the corrosive and thus harmful diffusion of alloy constituents, in particular of nickel in the concentration range from 1% by mass to 10% by mass, is markedly reduced by a double mechanism of action over the prior art.
  • the nanoporosity of the material offers little access to diffusion and thus corrosion at the grain boundaries in the interior of the material used according to the invention and on the other hand reduces the excellent thermal conductivity of the latter by faster solidification of the melt, the duration of the described harmful effect of alloying components.
  • Molds made of the material used according to the invention for example, preferably for casting alloys containing metals selected from the group below, without the use being limited thereto: palladium, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, silver, platinum and / or tin and conventional Additives in the sub percentage range.
  • a further advantageous embodiment relates to the use according to the invention of the abovementioned materials for spark erosion electrodes.
  • Such an electrode is subject to extreme corrosive wear due to the controlled pulsed plasma discharge between the electrode and the workpiece to be machined.
  • the material used according to the invention gives rise to a finer-grained and at the same time more wear-resistant electrode morphology, which ensures a shape-faithful and exact three-dimensional shaping of the workpiece machined in an electrolytic manner over a relatively long period of time.
  • These electrodes can be used particularly advantageously to achieve surface qualities of the machined workpiece between stages 5 and 14 according to VDL 3400 (average roughness values R 0 below about 0.5 ⁇ m), which corresponds to the highest requirements.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention consists in the use of the carbon nanoparticle-containing materials with their graphite clearly superior physical properties for dies and punches for pressure sintering, hot pressing and for the so-called SPS process both for those in direct contact with the material stand, which is subjected to the pressure sintering, as well as for so-called support rings, which give the actual matrix an extraordinary strength.
  • especially the relatively low heat capacity in conjunction with the high thermal conductivity of the materials used in the invention is utilized.
  • a high production frequency with steep temperature gradients as a function of time during both heating and cooling can be realized, which, among other novel materials with metastable compositions can be produced, which are prevented only by a deterrent to segregation.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention consists in the use of the carbon nanoparticulate materials for fasteners, such as screws, in particular for joining components based on graphite, possibly also with a content of carbon nanoparticles or even metals, wherein the isotropic thermal expansion coefficient between 6 and 6, preferably between 4.5 and 5.5 x 10 * 6 K '1 in connection with possible high torques is of importance.
  • fasteners such as screws
  • the isotropic thermal expansion coefficient between 6 and 6 preferably between 4.5 and 5.5 x 10 * 6 K '1 in connection with possible high torques is of importance.
  • Embodiment 6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 6
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention is the use of the materials containing carbon nanoparticles for plain bearings. Due to the higher strength, in particular with a proportion of hard material, an extremely wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant plain bearings can be produced. The high thermal conductivity prevents the formation of extreme temperature gradients within the bearing body, whereby also stronger frictional heat developments can be controlled and good emergency running properties are achieved. The availability of machinery and equipment equipped with it is considerably increased.
  • Embodiment 7 is considerably increased.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention is the use of the carbon nanoparticulate materials for mechanical seal slide rings.
  • the nanoporosity of the material essential to the invention which is closed from a thickness of about 3 mm, is of paramount importance for this use.
  • This high-density material has such a low permeability that even critical media such as toxic gases, aggressive liquids, supercritical vapors and reaction mixtures can be safely separated from the outside atmosphere. Pressure differences of 80 to 100 bar could be completed in the previous experiments advantageously sealed.
  • Embodiment 8 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 8
  • This embodiment relates to the use according to the invention of materials which contain carbon nanoparticles in an abrasive composite body (abrasive body) in which, in continuation of embodiment 1, the hard material mentioned in abrasive grains is present in the abovementioned material as a carrier material.
  • abrasive body abrasive body
  • the hard material mentioned in abrasive grains is present in the abovementioned material as a carrier material.
  • the increased thermal conductivity compared to conventional grinding wheels allows a higher energy input and improved removal rates with a longer service life of the grinding wheel.
  • the material used in the invention contains graphite, which acts as a solid lubricant, so that there is a uniform surface bearing with respect to conventional abrasive smaller frictional heat development.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to use materials comprising carbon nanoparticles for components which need to meet the requirements for novel complex combinations of properties and of different static and dynamic load-bearing characteristics. This aim is achieved for the group of said materials by uses for which at least two of the following properties or requirements are crucial: ability to process functional surfaces in high surface quality, chemical resistance, in particular at high usage temperatures, corrosion resistance, in particular at high usage temperatures, wear resistance, in particular at high usage temperatures, wear resistance under electric and/or radiation load, low friction coefficient, in particular at high usage temperatures, good thermal conductivity, and adjustable material composition to achieve particular physical properties. Said invention can be used, for example, for pressing tools, forming devices, bearing parts, casting devices, heat sinks and the like, in particular at high temperatures, without being limited to said applications.

Description

Werkstoffe, welche Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen enthalten und deren Verwendung Materials containing carbon nanoparticles and their use

Die Erfindung betrifft Werkstoffe, welche Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen enthalten und deren Verwendung. Unter dem Begriff „Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen" werden im Zusammenhang der vorliegenden Erfindung als neuartige Materialien auf Kohlenstoffbasis die sogenannten Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen (engl, „carbon nano tubes" oder „CNT")(Firmendruckschrift der Bayer AG, Bayer Material Science „Baytubes C 150 p") sowie Kohlenstoffpulver mit Graphitstruktur und im Wesentlichen sphärischer Gestalt mit einer mittleren Korngröße von beispielsweise 55 nm (Firmendruckschrift der Firma Auer-Remy GmbH, Hamburg „Nano Powders", Position „C 1249YD 7440- 44-0") zusammengefasst Neben den im vorliegenden Zusammenhang vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen bereitet bei sphärischen Teilchen mit ihren in allen Achsrichtungen gleichen Abmessungen die Erreichung einer im Wesentlichen isotrope Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes sichernden räumlichen Verteilung naturgemäß weniger verfahrenstechnische Schwierigkeiten bei der Aufbereitung der Rohstoffe für die Formgebung des Basiskörpers als bei Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen mit ihrer axialen Erstreckung.The invention relates to materials containing carbon nanoparticles and their use. The term "carbon nanoparticles" in the context of the present invention as novel carbon-based materials, the so-called carbon nanotubes ("carbon nanotubes" or "CNT") (company publication of Bayer AG, Bayer Material Science "Baytubes C 150 p") and Carbon powder with graphite structure and substantially spherical shape with a mean grain size of, for example 55 nm (company publication of the company Auer-Remy GmbH, Hamburg "Nano Powders", position "C 1249YD 7440- 44-0") summarized In addition to the advantageous properties in the present context The carbon nanoparticle prepares for spherical particles with their dimensions in all axial directions the achievement of a substantially isotropic properties of the material securing spatial distribution naturally less procedural difficulties in the preparation of raw materials for the shaping of the base body as b a carbon nanotube with its axial extent.

Während beim herkömmlichen Graphit Kohlenstoffatome in hexagonaler Anordnung flächenhaft in einzelnen Ebenen angeordnet sind, sind bei den Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen solche hexagonalen Anordnungen rohrartig ausgebildet, woraus sich hervorragende mechanische, elektrische und thermische Eigenschaften ergeben. Wie die Silbe „nano" ausdrückt, liegen die Durchmesser dieser Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen im Nanometerbe- reich; je nach Quelle spricht man 0,4 nm bis 50 nm oder 100 nm.While in conventional graphite carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal arrangement planar in individual planes, in the carbon nanotubes such hexagonal arrangements are tube-like, resulting in excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. As the syllable "nano" expresses, the diameters of these carbon nanotubes are in the nanometer range, with 0.4 nm to 50 nm or 100 nm, depending on the source.

Die Schüttdichte dieser Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen liegt nach Herstellerangaben in der Größenordnung von 0,15 g/cm3, die Materialdichte wird mit 1,3 g/cm3 bis 1,4 g/cm3 angegeben, was deutlich unter derjenigen von Graphit liegt. Als Festigkeit wird ein theoretischer Wert von 45 GPa genannt, was etwa das 20fache von Stahl wäre. Die theoretische Wärmeleitfähigkeit beträgt 6000 W/mK und übertrifft damit jene des Diamanten um das Doppelte und diejenige metallischer Wärmeleiter um mindestens eine Größenordnung (F. Kerbe, Carbon Nanotubes: Auf dem Weg aus der Forschung in die Anwendung, Keramische Zeitschrift, Heft 6 (2007), S.436 - 440, insbesondere Bild 1).The bulk density of these carbon nanotubes according to the manufacturer is in the order of 0.15 g / cm 3 , the material density is given as 1.3 g / cm 3 to 1.4 g / cm 3 , which is significantly lower than that of graphite. Strength is called a theoretical value of 45 GPa, which would be about 20 times that of steel. The theoretical thermal conductivity is 6000 W / mK, which is twice as high as that of diamond and at least one order of magnitude higher than that of metallic thermal conductors (F. Kerbe, Carbon Nanotubes: On the Way Out Research in the application, Ceramic Journal, Issue 6 (2007), p.436-440, in particular Figure 1).

Die Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen sind wegen ihrer oben erwähnten Materialeigenschaften schon seit einigen Jahren Gegenstand intensiver Anwendungsuntersuchungen, wobei diese in den allermeisten Fällen aus Gründen der Formgebung und wohl auch aus Kostengründen in einem anderen Material dispergiert sind und nur jeweils einer ihrer hervorragenden Materialeigenschaften ausgenutzt wird.The carbon nanotubes have been the subject of intensive application studies for several years because of their above-mentioned material properties, which are dispersed in most cases for reasons of molding and probably also for cost reasons in another material and only one of their excellent material properties is exploited.

So liegt ein Schwerpunkt in der Dispergierung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen in Polymeren zur Beeinflussung der elektrischen oder thermischen Leitfähigkeit des resultierenden Verbundmaterials sowie zur Realisierung von transparenten Dünnschicht-Transistoren (S. Roth, B. Hornbostel, V. Skakalova, Carbon-Based Nanocomposites im Tagungsband „Garbon Nanotubes" 19./20, September 2007 Regensburg, S. 157 - 164).Thus, a focus is the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymers for influencing the electrical or thermal conductivity of the resulting composite material and for the realization of transparent thin-film transistors (S. Roth, B. Hornbostel, V. Skakalova, Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in the conference proceedings "Garbon Nanotubes "19./20, September 2007 Regensburg, pp. 157-164).

Bei einem speziellen Anwendungsfall, nämlich für einen Röntgen- Drehaπodenteller, ist ein Basiskörper bekannt, welcher Kohlenstoffnano- teilchen enthält und hohe Anforderungen bezüglich der Temperatur des Brennfleckes und der Drehzahl des Röntgen-Drehanodentellers zu erfüllen vermag (Deutsche Patentanmeldung 102008 050 716.4).In a specific application, namely for a Röntgen-Drehaπodenteller, a base body is known which contains carbon nanoparticles and high requirements with respect to the temperature of the focal spot and the speed of the X-ray rotary anode plate is able to meet (German Patent Application 102008 050 716.4).

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Werkstoffe, welche Kohlen- stoffnanoteilchen enthalten, für Bauteile zu verwenden, von denen neue komplexe Kombinationen von Eigenschaften sowie von statischer und dynamischer Belastbarkeit unterschiedlichen Charakters gefordert werden.The object of the invention is to use materials which contain carbon nanoparticles for components which require new complex combinations of properties and of static and dynamic load-bearing capacity of different character.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den Patentansprüchen beschriebene Erfindung gelöst.This object is solved by the invention described in the claims.

Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Werkstoffe mit Koh- lenstoffnanoteilchen bzw. aus Hochleistungsgraphit- und/oder Fasergraphitwerkstoffen mit einem Gehalt an solchen Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen erfolgt nach an sich bekannten Verfahren der technischen Keramik (E 60 bis E62), der Pulvermetallurgie (E 36 bis B 37) und der Beschichtungs- technologien (S 91 bis S 92), wobei dafür Sorge zu tragen ist, dass die Struktur der Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen, insbesondere der Kohlenstoffnano- röhrchen, nicht zerstört wird (Die Klammerangaben sind Seitenzahlen des Standardwerkes Dubbel - Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau, 19. Auflage, Berlin 1997, wo diese Technologien überschaubar dargestellt sind).The materials which can be used according to the invention with carbon nanoparticles or high-performance graphite and / or fibrous graphite materials containing such carbon nanoparticles are prepared by processes known per se for industrial ceramics (E 60 to E62) and powder metallurgy (E 36 to B 37). and the coating technologies (S 91 to S 92), while ensuring that the structure of the carbon nanoparticles, in particular the carbon nanotubes, is not destroyed (The brackets are page numbers of the standard work Dubbel - Paperback for Mechanical Engineering, 19th edition, Berlin 1997, where these technologies are clearly presented).

Grundsätzliche Voraussetzung zur Erzielung der gewünschten Effekte bezüglich statischer und dynamischer Festigkeit, Hochtemperaturverhalten, Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Wärmedehnung ist die quasihomogene Verteilung der Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen im Bauteil, um einen im submakroskopischen Bereich im wesentlichen isotropen Basiskörper, d.h. einen Anisotropiegrad von beispielsweise < 1,2 (Verhältnis des Maximalwertes zum Minimalwert bei Messung in den drei räumlichen Dimensionen) bezüglich der oben erwähnten Eigenschaften bzw. Belastbarkeit zu erreichen. Im Umkehrschluss bedeutet dies aber auch, dass im makroskopischen Bereich, Vorzugsrichungen bestimmter Eigenschaften gezielt eingestellt und ausgenutzt werden können. So erlaubt eine gezielte Strukturierung durch Ausrichten der Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen das Einstellen von Wärmeleitfähigkeiten und Zugfestigkeiten in Abhängigkeit von der RaumrichtungA fundamental prerequisite for achieving the desired effects with regard to static and dynamic strength, high-temperature behavior, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion is the quasi-homogeneous distribution of the carbon nanoparticles in the component in order to obtain a sub-microscopic substantially isotropic base body, ie. achieve an anisotropy degree of, for example, <1.2 (ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value when measured in the three spatial dimensions) with respect to the above-mentioned characteristics. Conversely, this also means that in the macroscopic area, preferred directions of certain properties can be set and utilized in a targeted manner. Thus, a targeted structuring by aligning the carbon nanotubes allows the setting of thermal conductivities and tensile strengths as a function of the spatial direction

Im Falle der Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen sollen deren Durchmesser und Länge untereinander nicht wesentlich voneinander abweichen. Besonders günstig ist eine leicht winklige Gestalt der einzelnen Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen.In the case of carbon nanotubes, their diameter and length should not differ significantly from each other. Particularly favorable is a slightly angled shape of the individual carbon nanotubes.

Erfindungsgemäß kann die Makrofestigkeit der Werkstoffe durch den Zusatz von hochfesten Verbindungen, wie Oxide, Nitride, Boride, Karbide, Suizide des Tantals, Niobs, Chroms, Siliziums, Molybdäns, Hafniums, Bors und/oder Wolframs bzw. Gemische derselben gesteigert werden. Auch Mischungen dieser Verbindungen sind denkbar. Im Interesse der Bindungsfestigkeit und der Herstellbarkeit von Bauteilen für die erfindungsgemäßen Verwendungen kann der Anteil dieser Stoffe in einer Achsrichtung variiert werden, wobei es weiterhin vorteilhaft sein kann, wenn der gegebenenfalls vorhandene Anteil von Graphit bzw. Graphitfasern zu einer Funktionsschicht hin zugunsten des Anteils der Kohlen- stoffnanoteifchen und der genannten festigkeitssteigernden Stoffe abnimmt.According to the invention, the macroflexibility of the materials can be increased by the addition of high-strength compounds such as oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, suicides of tantalum, niobium, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, hafnium, boron and / or tungsten or mixtures thereof. Also, mixtures of these compounds are conceivable. In the interest of the bond strength and the manufacturability of components for the uses of the invention, the proportion of these substances in an axial direction can be varied, and it may also be advantageous if the optionally present proportion of graphite or graphite fibers to a functional layer in favor of the proportion of coals - substance nanoparticles and the strength-enhancing substances mentioned decreases.

Der Werkstoff kann nach den üblichen Beschichtungs-Verfahren mit einer Funktionsschicht versehen werden, wobei zur Beherrschung der schädlichen Kohlenstoffdiffusion an sich bekannte Diffusions-Sperrschichten aus Rhenium, Molybdän, Tantal, Niob, Zirkonium, Titan bzw. Verbindungen und Kombinationen dieser Metalle sowie in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weiterhin eine Bindungsschicht, beispielsweise durch Einbringen von Rhenium oder Rheniumverbindungen, bzw. -Karbiden in den Oberflächenbereich des Bauteiles aus den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Werkstoffen, angeordnet werden.The material can be provided by the usual coating method with a functional layer, wherein for controlling the harmful carbon diffusion per se known diffusion barrier layers of rhenium, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, titanium or compounds and combinations of these metals and in an advantageous embodiment The invention further, a binding layer, for example by introducing rhenium or rhenium compounds, or carbides in the surface region of the component from the materials used in the invention, are arranged.

Bei der Verwendung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen ist normalerweise eine gewisse Nanoporosität zu erwarten, so dass eine Verarbeitung im Unterdruckbereich mit einer Restatmoshäre aus Schutzgasen oder auch die Verwendung gedeckelter Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen von Vorteil sind.With the use of carbon nanotubes, a certain nanoporosity is normally to be expected, so that processing in the vacuum range with a residual atmosphere of protective gases or else the use of capped carbon nanotubes are advantageous.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail by exemplary embodiments.

Ausfuhrungsbeispiel 1 :Exemplary embodiment 1:

Ein Werkstoff zur erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung besteht beispielsweise aus 60 Masse-% Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen, 20 Masse-% Nano- Graphitpulverteilchen und 20 Masse-% Molybdäncarbid. Dieser Werkstoff wird nach den üblichen Verfahren der Pulvermetallurgie und der Graphitverarbeitung durch Mischen der Pulver, Pressen und Wärmebehandlung, unter Umständen unter Anwendung des Heißpressverfahren, in Abmessungen nahe an der Endform hergestellt und durch spangebende Formung fertigbearbeitet.A material for use according to the invention consists, for example, of 60% by mass of carbon nanotubes, 20% by mass of nano-graphite powder particles and 20% by mass of molybdenum carbide. This material is made by the usual methods of powder metallurgy and graphite processing by mixing the powders, pressing and heat treatment, possibly using the hot pressing method, in dimensions close to the final shape and finished by metal cutting.

Es werden handelsübliche ungedeckelte Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen und feinkörniges Nano-Graphitpulverteiichen hoher Reinheit eingesetzt, wobei die ersteren sich in Länge und Durchmesser untereinander nur wenig un- terscheiden und im Durchschnitt kürzer als 10 nm sein sollen. Ihre Längsachse soll nach Möglichkeit von der Geraden abweichenCommercially available uncoated carbon nanotubes and fine-grained high-purity nano-graphite powder particles are used, the former being only slightly different in length and diameter. and on average be shorter than 10 nm. Your longitudinal axis should deviate from the straight line if possible

Dieser Werkstoff eignet sich besonders für die Verwendung bei verschleißfesten Bauteilen, wie Gleitringe, Gleitlager, Elektroden für die Funkenerosion, Matrizen und Stempel zum Heißpressen bzw. Drucksintern, Strangpressen und sowie Schleifkörper und Schneidwerkzeugauflagen, was nachfolgend noch an speziellen Ausführungsbeispielen dargestellt werden wird.This material is particularly suitable for use in wear resistant components, such as slip rings, plain bearings, electrodes for spark erosion, dies and punches for hot pressing or pressure sintering, extrusion and grinding wheels and cutting tool pads, which will be shown below in specific embodiments.

Ausführunαsbeispiel 2:Embodiment 2:

Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer vorteilhaften erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung des o.e. Werkstoffes betrifft Kokillen (Gussformen) für die Urformung von Metallen bzw. Legierungen. Die korrodierende und somit schädliche Diffusion von Legierungsbestandteilen, insbesondere von Nickel im Konzentrationsbereich von 1 Masse-% bis 10 Masse-% wird durch einen doppelten Wirkmechanismus gegenüber dem Stand der Technik deutlich vermindert. Zum einen bietet die Nanoporosität des Werkstoffes kaum Zugang für eine Diffusion und damit Korrosion an den Korngrenzen im Inneren des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Werkstoffes und zum anderen vermindert die ausgezeichnete Wärmeleitfähigkeit des letzteren durch schnellere Erstarrung der Schmelze die Dauer der geschilderte schädliche Einwirkung von Legierungsbestandteilen. Kokillen aus dem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Werkstoff beispielsweise bevorzugt zum Guss von Legierungen, welche Metalle ausgewählt aus der nachfolgend aufgeführten Gruppe enthalten, ohne dass die Verwendung darauf beschränkt wäre: Palladium, Nickel, Zink, Kupfer, Gold, Silber, Platin und/oder Zinn sowie übliche Zusätze im Subprozentbereich.A further embodiment of an advantageous use according to the invention of the o.e. Material relates to molds (molds) for the original formation of metals or alloys. The corrosive and thus harmful diffusion of alloy constituents, in particular of nickel in the concentration range from 1% by mass to 10% by mass, is markedly reduced by a double mechanism of action over the prior art. On the one hand, the nanoporosity of the material offers little access to diffusion and thus corrosion at the grain boundaries in the interior of the material used according to the invention and on the other hand reduces the excellent thermal conductivity of the latter by faster solidification of the melt, the duration of the described harmful effect of alloying components. Molds made of the material used according to the invention, for example, preferably for casting alloys containing metals selected from the group below, without the use being limited thereto: palladium, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, silver, platinum and / or tin and conventional Additives in the sub percentage range.

Die gleichen Vorteile werden durch die gleichen Wirkprinzipien bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung der genannten Werkstoffe für Tiegel und Kokillen für das Metallstranggießen erzielt Ausführungsbeispiel 3:The same advantages are achieved by the same principles of action in the inventive use of said materials for crucibles and dies for metal casting Embodiment 3

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungform betrifft die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der oben erwähnten Werkstoffe für Funkenerosionselektroden. Eine solche Elektrode unterliegt auf Grund der gesteuerten gepulsten Plasmaentladung zwischen der Elektrode und dem zu bearbeitenden Werkstück einem extremen korrosiven Verschleiß. Der erfindungsgemäß verwendete Werkstoff ergibt gegenüber dem Stand der Technik eine feinkörnigere und zugleich verschleißfestere Elektrodenmorphologie, welche über einen längeren Zeitraum eine formtreue und exakte dreidimensionale Formgebung des elektrσerosiv bearbeiteten Werkstückes gewährleistet. Besonders vorteilhaft können diese Elektroden zur Erzielung von Oberflächengüten des bearbeiteten Werkstückes zwischen Stufe 5 und 14 nach VDl 3400 (Mittenrauhwerte R0 unter etwa 0,5 μm), was höchsten Anforderungen entspricht, eingesetzt werden.A further advantageous embodiment relates to the use according to the invention of the abovementioned materials for spark erosion electrodes. Such an electrode is subject to extreme corrosive wear due to the controlled pulsed plasma discharge between the electrode and the workpiece to be machined. Compared to the prior art, the material used according to the invention gives rise to a finer-grained and at the same time more wear-resistant electrode morphology, which ensures a shape-faithful and exact three-dimensional shaping of the workpiece machined in an electrolytic manner over a relatively long period of time. These electrodes can be used particularly advantageously to achieve surface qualities of the machined workpiece between stages 5 and 14 according to VDL 3400 (average roughness values R 0 below about 0.5 μm), which corresponds to the highest requirements.

Ausführunqsbeispiet 4:Embodiment 4:

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht in der Verwendung der kohlenstoffnanoteilchenhaltigen Werkstoffe mit ihren denen des Graphits deutlich überlegenen physikalischen Eigenschaften für Matrizen und Stempel zum Drucksintern, Heißpressen sowie für das sogenannte SPS-Verfahren und zwar sowohl für solche die im direkten Kontakt mit dem Werkstoff stehen, welcher der Drucksinterung unterworfen wird, als auch für sogenannte Stützringe, welche der eigentlichen Matrize eine außergewöhnliche Festigkeit verleihen. Im ersten Falle wird vor allem die relativ niedrige Wärmekapazität in Verbindung mit der hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Werkstoffe ausgenutzt. Dadurch ist eine hohe Fertigungsfrequenz mit steilen Temperaturverläufen als Funktion der Zeit sowohl beim Aufheizen als auch beim Abkühlen realisierbar, wodurch u.a. neuartige Werkstoffe mit metastabilen Zusammensetzungen herstellbar sind, die nur durch eine Abschreckung an der Entmischung gehindert werden. Dieser Vorteil ist auch im zweiten Fall der sogenannten Stützringe gegeben, wenn naturgemäß auch nur indirekt Im Vordergrund steht hier die Erhöhung der Druckfestigkeit einer Matrize aus einem anderen, mit dem Sintergut kom- patiblen Werkstoff, wobei die etwa vierfach höhere Festigkeit der Stützringe aus den kohlenstoffnanoteilchenhaltigen Werkstoffen gegenüber solchen aus herkömmlichen Werkstoffen einen deutlich größeren Formhohlraum ermöglicht.A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention consists in the use of the carbon nanoparticle-containing materials with their graphite clearly superior physical properties for dies and punches for pressure sintering, hot pressing and for the so-called SPS process both for those in direct contact with the material stand, which is subjected to the pressure sintering, as well as for so-called support rings, which give the actual matrix an extraordinary strength. In the first case, especially the relatively low heat capacity in conjunction with the high thermal conductivity of the materials used in the invention is utilized. As a result, a high production frequency with steep temperature gradients as a function of time during both heating and cooling can be realized, which, among other novel materials with metastable compositions can be produced, which are prevented only by a deterrent to segregation. This advantage is also given in the second case of the so-called support rings, when, of course, also only indirectly the emphasis here is the increase of the compressive strength of a die from another, with the sintered material. compatible material, wherein the approximately four times higher strength of the support rings of the carbon nanoparticle-containing materials over those of conventional materials allows a significantly larger mold cavity.

Ausführungsbeispiel 5:Embodiment 5:

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht in der Verwendung der kohlenstoffnanoteilchenhaltigen Werkstoffe für Verbindungselemente, wie beispielsweise Schrauben, insbesondere zum Verbinden von Bauteilen auf der Basis von Graphit ggf. ebenfalls mit einem Gehalt an Kohlenstofmanoteilchen oder auch an Metallen, wobei der isotrope Wärmedehnungskoeffizient zwischen 6 und 6, vorzugsweise zwischen 4,5 und 5,5 x 10*6 K'1 in Verbindung mit möglichen hohen Anzugsmomenten von Bedeutung ist. Mit einer gegenüber herkömmlichen Verbindungselementen aus Graphit mindesten um den Faktor 4 größeren Festigkeit sind solche Verbindungselemente speziell zur Befestigung von Graphitheizelementen von Vorteil, wo durch ein hohes Anzugsmoment trotz thermischer Ausdehnung ein dauerhafter elektrischer Kontakt ohne die Gefahr der Ausbildung eines elektrischen Lichtbogens sichergestellt wird. Vorteilhaft ist auch die Verwendung bei der Halterung bzw. Fixierung von Werkstücken bei der Wärmebehandlung von Metallteilen.A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention consists in the use of the carbon nanoparticulate materials for fasteners, such as screws, in particular for joining components based on graphite, possibly also with a content of carbon nanoparticles or even metals, wherein the isotropic thermal expansion coefficient between 6 and 6, preferably between 4.5 and 5.5 x 10 * 6 K '1 in connection with possible high torques is of importance. With a comparison to conventional fasteners made of graphite least by a factor of 4 greater strength such fasteners are especially for mounting graphite heating advantageous where a high tightening torque despite thermal expansion permanent electrical contact without the risk of the formation of an electric arc is ensured. Also advantageous is the use in the holder or fixation of workpieces in the heat treatment of metal parts.

Ausführunαsbetspiei 6:Embodiment 6:

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht in der Verwendung der kohlenstoffnanoteilchenhaltigen Werkstoffe für Gleitlager. Durch die höhere Festigkeit, insbesondere mit einem Hartstoffanteil, ist ein extrem verschleißfestes und hochtemperaturbeständiges Gleitlager herstellbar. Die hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit verhindert die Ausbildung extremer Temperaturgradienten innerhalb des Lagerkörpers, wodurch auch stärkere Reibwärmeentwicklungen beherrschbar und gute Notlaufeigenschaften erzielt werden. Die Verfügbarkeit damit ausgestatteter Maschinen und Anlagen wird beträchtlich erhöht. Ausführunαsbeispiel 7:A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention is the use of the materials containing carbon nanoparticles for plain bearings. Due to the higher strength, in particular with a proportion of hard material, an extremely wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant plain bearings can be produced. The high thermal conductivity prevents the formation of extreme temperature gradients within the bearing body, whereby also stronger frictional heat developments can be controlled and good emergency running properties are achieved. The availability of machinery and equipment equipped with it is considerably increased. Embodiment 7:

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht in der Verwendung der kohlenstoffnanoteilchenhaltigen Werkstoffe für Gleitringe von Gleitringdichtungen. Neben den zuvor erwähnten, für Gleitlager wichtigen Eigenschaften und Einsatzgesichtspunkten ist für diese Verwendung die ab einer Dicke von etwa 3mm geschlossene Na- noporosität des erfindungswesentlichen Werkstoffes von überragender Bedeutung. Dieses hochdichte Material hat eine solch geringe Durchlässigkeit, dass auch kritische Medien, wie toxische Gase, aggressive Flüssigkeiten, überkritische Dämpfe und Reaktionsgemische sicher von der Außenatmosphäre abgetrennt werden können. Druckunterschiede von 80 bis 100 bar konnten bei den bisherigen Versuchen in vorteilhafterweise dicht abgeschlossen werden.A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention is the use of the carbon nanoparticulate materials for mechanical seal slide rings. In addition to the abovementioned properties and application aspects which are important for slide bearings, the nanoporosity of the material essential to the invention, which is closed from a thickness of about 3 mm, is of paramount importance for this use. This high-density material has such a low permeability that even critical media such as toxic gases, aggressive liquids, supercritical vapors and reaction mixtures can be safely separated from the outside atmosphere. Pressure differences of 80 to 100 bar could be completed in the previous experiments advantageously sealed.

Ausführunαsbeispiel 8:Embodiment 8:

Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel betrifft die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung von Werkstoffen, welche Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen enthalten in einen abrasiven Verbundkörper (Schleifkörper), bei welchem in Fortführung des Ausführungsbeispieles 1 der dort erwähnte Hartstoff in Schleifmittelkörnung in dem oben erwähnten Werkstoff als Trägermaterial vorliegt. Die gegenüber herkömmlichen Schleifkörpern erhöhte Wärmeleitfähigkeit erlaubt einen höheren Energieeintrag und verbesserte Abtragraten bei verlängerter Standzeit des Schleifkörpers. Hierbei ist es von Vorteil, wenn der erfindungsgemäß verwendete Werkstoff Graphit enthält, der als Feststoff-Schmiermittel wirkt, so dass sich eine gleichmäßige flächige Auflage mit gegenüber herkömmlichen Schleifkörpern geringerer Reibwärmeentwicklung ergibt. This embodiment relates to the use according to the invention of materials which contain carbon nanoparticles in an abrasive composite body (abrasive body) in which, in continuation of embodiment 1, the hard material mentioned in abrasive grains is present in the abovementioned material as a carrier material. The increased thermal conductivity compared to conventional grinding wheels allows a higher energy input and improved removal rates with a longer service life of the grinding wheel. It is advantageous if the material used in the invention contains graphite, which acts as a solid lubricant, so that there is a uniform surface bearing with respect to conventional abrasive smaller frictional heat development.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Werkstoff, der nach an sich bekannten Verfahren der technischen Keramik, der Pulvermetallurgie und der Beschichtungstechnologien hergestellt und verarbeitet ist und Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen und/oder Nano -Graphitpulverteilchen mit einer mittleren Korngröße maximal im dreistelligen Nanometerbereich (hier zusammenfassend als „Kohlenstoff- nanoteilchen" bezeichnet) in quasihomogener, im submakroskopischen Bereich im Wesentlichen isotrope Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes sichernder räumlicher Verteilung enthält.1. Material which is produced and processed by processes known per se in industrial ceramics, powder metallurgy and coating technologies, and which has a maximum average nanotubes of carbon nanotubes and / or nano-graphite powder particles (referred to collectively as "carbon nanoparticles" herein) contains in quasi-homogeneous, in the submacroscopic region substantially isotropic properties of the material securing spatial distribution. 2. Werkstoff hergestellt nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er weiterhin Graphit ohne Begrenzung der Korngröße und/oder Graphitfasern enthält.2. Material produced according to claim 1, characterized in that it further contains graphite without limiting the grain size and / or graphite fibers. 3. Werkstoff hergestellt nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er 10 Masse-% bis 90 Masse-% Kohlenstoffnanoteiichen enthält.3. Material prepared according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains 10% by mass to 90% by mass of carbon nanotubes. 4. Werkstoff hergestellt nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er 2 Masse-% bis 10 Masse~% Kohlenstoffnanoteilcnen enthält.4. Material prepared according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains 2% by mass to 10% by mass of carbon nanoparticles. 5. Werkstoff nach einem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er zur Festigkeitssteigerung und Verbesserung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit als Zusätze Oxide, Nitride, Boride, Karbide, Suizide des Tantals, Niobs, Chroms, Siliziums, Molybdäns, Hafniums, Bors und/oder Wolframs bzw. Gemische davon enthält.5. Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it to increase the strength and improve the thermal conductivity as additives oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, suicides of tantalum, niobium, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, hafnium, boron and / or tungsten or Containing mixtures thereof. 6. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusätze in Faserform vorliegen.6. Material according to claim 5, characterized in that the additives are in fiber form. 7. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusätze in Korngrößen im maximal dreistelligen Nanometerbereich vorliegen. 7. Material according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the additives are present in particle sizes in the maximum three-digit nanometer range. 8. Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusätze 4 Votumen-% bis 95 Volumen-% ausmachen.8. Material according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the additives make up 4 Votumen-% to 95% by volume. 9. Werkstoff nach einem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Achsrichtung der einzelnen Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen von der Geraden abweicht, bevorzugt winklig oder in Form einer Schraubenlinie verläuft.9. Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial direction of the individual carbon nanotubes deviates from the straight line, preferably at an angle or in the form of a helix. 10. Werkstoff nach einem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen solche mit Mehrfachwandungen sind.10. Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carbon nanotubes are those with multiple walls. 11. Werkstoff nach einem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich Länge und Durchmesser der Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen nicht mehr als um den Faktor 10, bevorzugt nicht mehr als um den Faktor 3 unterscheiden.11. Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length and diameter of the carbon nanotubes no more than by a factor of 10, preferably no more than a factor of 3 differ. 12. Werkstoff nach einem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen an ihren Enden durch einen Deckel verschlossen sind und bevorzugt Hohlkugelform haben.12. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carbon nanotubes are closed at their ends by a lid and preferably have hollow spherical shape. 13. Verwendung eines Werkstoffes nach einem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für diese Verwendung mindestens zwei der nachfolgend aufgeführten Eigenschaften oder Anforderungen maßgeblich sind:13. Use of a material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two of the properties or requirements listed below are relevant for this use: - Bearbeitbarkeit von Funktionsflächen in hoher Oberflächenqualität,- machinability of functional surfaces in high surface quality, - chemische Resistenz insbesondere bei hohen Einsatztemperaturen,chemical resistance, especially at high temperatures of use, - Korrosionsbeständigkeit insbesondere bei hohen Einsatztemperaturen,Corrosion resistance, especially at high temperatures of use, - Verschleißfestigkeit insbesondere bei hohen Einsatztemperaturen- Wear resistance especially at high temperatures - Verschleißfestigkeit unter elektrischer und/oder Strahlenbetastung,Wear resistance under electrical and / or radiation etching, - geringer Reibungskoeffizient insbesondere bei hohen Einsatztemperaturen- Low coefficient of friction, especially at high temperatures - gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit,- good thermal conductivity, - einstellbare stoffliche Zusammensetzung zur Erzielung bestimmter physikalischer Eigenschaften. - adjustable material composition to achieve certain physical properties. 14. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Tiegel und Kokillen zum Metall- gießen, bevorzugt zum Metatistranggießen und besonders bevorzugt zur Gussformung von Legierungen, welche Metalle ausgewählt aus der nachfolgend aufgeführten Gruppe enthalten: Palladium, Nickel, Zink, Kupfer, Gold, Silber, Platin, Zinn sowie übliche Zusätze im Subprozentbe- reich.14. Use according to claim 13 for crucibles and molds for casting metal, preferably for the casting of metals and particularly preferably for cast molding of alloys containing metals selected from the following group: palladium, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, silver, platinum, Tin and usual additives in the sub-percent range. 15. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Halterungen und Fixierungen bei der Wärmebehandlung von Metallteilen.15. Use according to claim 13 for mounts and fixings in the heat treatment of metal parts. 16. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Bauteile von Handhabungen bei der Glasverarbeitung im heißen Zustand, wie Greifer, Schieber, Umlenker und dergleichen.16. Use according to claim 13 for components of handling in the glass processing in the hot state, such as grippers, slides, deflectors and the like. 17. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Bauteile von Industrieöfen und Wärmebehandlungsanlagen.17. Use according to claim 13 for components of industrial furnaces and heat treatment plants. 18. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Bauteile, welche zugleich hohe Temperaturen und hohe Drücke aggressiver Medien auszuhalten haben.18. Use according to claim 13 for components which at the same time have to endure high temperatures and high pressures of aggressive media. 19. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Elektroerosiv-Elektroden.19. Use according to claim 13 for electroerosive electrodes. 20. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Bauteile von Nuklearanlagen.20. Use according to claim 13 for components of nuclear installations. 21. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Schleifstücke zur Stromübertragung.21. Use according to claim 13 for sliding pieces for power transmission. 22. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Bauteile von lonenimplatern22. Use according to claim 13 for components of ion implanters 23. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Rönten-Stehanoden.23. Use according to claim 13 for Rönten standing anodes. 24. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Matrizen für das Heisspressen und Drucksintern, bevorzugt für Stützringe solcher Matrizen, welche denselben Heissfestigkeit verleihen, ohne mit dem zu sinternden Material in Berührung zu kommen. 24. Use according to claim 13 for matrices for hot pressing and pressure sintering, preferably for support rings of such matrices, which give the same hot strength, without coming into contact with the material to be sintered. 25. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für unter hohen Temperaturen einsetzbare Verbindungselemente, wie Schrauben, Gewindestäbe und Muttern bevorzugt für Verbindungselemente von Teilen, von denen mindestens eines aus einem Werkstoff auf der Basis von Graphit und/oder Kohlenstoffnanoteilchen besteht.25. Use according to claim 13 for usable at high temperatures connecting elements, such as screws, threaded rods and nuts preferably for fasteners of parts, of which at least one consists of a material based on graphite and / or carbon nanoparticles. 26. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 insbesondere mit einem Gehalt an Hartstoffen nach Anspruch 5 für mindestens einen Partner einer Gleitpaarung, wie Gleitlager, Gleitringe von Gleitringdichtungen.26. Use according to claim 13, in particular with a content of hard materials according to claim 5 for at least one partner of a sliding pair, such as plain bearings, sliding rings of mechanical seals. 27. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Bauteile von Anlagen zur Halbleiterherstellung, bevorzugt für Bauteile von Anlagen zur Herstellung von Siliziumbauelementen aus Polysilzium, multikristallinem und einkristallinem Silizium und besonders bevorzugt für Dummy-Wafers.27. Use according to claim 13 for components of plants for semiconductor production, preferably for components of plants for the production of silicon devices made of polysilicon, multicrystalline and monocrystalline silicon and particularly preferably for dummy wafers. 28. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Strangpressmatrizen.28. Use according to claim 13 for extrusion dies. 29. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Presswerkzeuge.29. Use according to claim 13 for pressing tools. 30. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Träger spanabhebender Werkzeuge.30. Use according to claim 13 for carriers of cutting tools. 31. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 für Sputtertargets.31. Use according to claim 13 for sputtering targets. 32. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 insbesondere mit einem Gehalt an Hartstoffen nach Anspruch 5 in Schleifmittelkörnung für abrasive Ver- buπdkörper.32. Use according to claim 13, in particular with a content of hard materials according to claim 5 in abrasive grain for abrasive Verbπdkörper. 33. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 insbesondere eines Werkstoffes nach Anspruch 8 für heatsinks in der Leistungs- und Mikroelektronik. 33. Use according to claim 13, in particular of a material according to claim 8 for heatsinks in power electronics and microelectronics.
PCT/DE2009/000695 2009-05-19 2009-05-19 Materials comprising carbon nanoparticles and the use thereof Ceased WO2010133189A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2009/000695 WO2010133189A1 (en) 2009-05-19 2009-05-19 Materials comprising carbon nanoparticles and the use thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2009/000695 WO2010133189A1 (en) 2009-05-19 2009-05-19 Materials comprising carbon nanoparticles and the use thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010133189A1 true WO2010133189A1 (en) 2010-11-25

Family

ID=41664719

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2009/000695 Ceased WO2010133189A1 (en) 2009-05-19 2009-05-19 Materials comprising carbon nanoparticles and the use thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2010133189A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8976335B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2015-03-10 Asml Netherlands B.V. Lithographic apparatus and removable member
DE102014001947A1 (en) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-27 Audi Ag Die casting mold and method for its production
CN108866496A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-11-23 中国科学院金属研究所 Radioresistance injury reinforcing metallic nano crystal/carbon nano tube compound material and preparation method thereof

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004077521A2 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-09-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Ceramic materials reinforced with single-wall carbon nanotubes as electrical conductors
EP1679293A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2006-07-12 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Ceramic composite material and method for producing same
WO2007029588A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2007-03-15 National University Corporation Tohoku University Highly functional composite material and process for producing the same
US20080196319A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-21 Advanced Ceramic Manufacturing, Llc Ceramic round tools for the machining of composite materials
EP1970459A1 (en) * 2007-03-15 2008-09-17 Bayerische Motorenwerke Aktiengesellschaft Light metal composite containing carbon nanotubes and its use
DE102007028064A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2008-12-24 Siemens Ag Chill plate for a mold of a continuous casting plant
DE102008050716A1 (en) * 2007-10-02 2009-04-09 Melzer, Dieter, Dr.-Ing. X-ray rotary anode plate and method for its production

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004077521A2 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-09-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Ceramic materials reinforced with single-wall carbon nanotubes as electrical conductors
EP1679293A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2006-07-12 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Ceramic composite material and method for producing same
WO2007029588A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2007-03-15 National University Corporation Tohoku University Highly functional composite material and process for producing the same
US20080196319A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-21 Advanced Ceramic Manufacturing, Llc Ceramic round tools for the machining of composite materials
EP1970459A1 (en) * 2007-03-15 2008-09-17 Bayerische Motorenwerke Aktiengesellschaft Light metal composite containing carbon nanotubes and its use
DE102007028064A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2008-12-24 Siemens Ag Chill plate for a mold of a continuous casting plant
DE102008050716A1 (en) * 2007-10-02 2009-04-09 Melzer, Dieter, Dr.-Ing. X-ray rotary anode plate and method for its production

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8976335B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2015-03-10 Asml Netherlands B.V. Lithographic apparatus and removable member
DE102014001947A1 (en) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-27 Audi Ag Die casting mold and method for its production
DE102014001947B4 (en) * 2014-02-12 2020-07-23 Audi Ag Die casting mold
CN108866496A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-11-23 中国科学院金属研究所 Radioresistance injury reinforcing metallic nano crystal/carbon nano tube compound material and preparation method thereof
CN108866496B (en) * 2017-11-28 2020-01-03 中国科学院金属研究所 Radiation damage resistant metal nanocrystalline/carbon nano tube composite material and preparation method thereof

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Zhou et al. W-Cu composites reinforced by copper coated graphene prepared using infiltration sintering and spark plasma sintering: A comparative study
Varol et al. The effect of type and ratio of reinforcement on the synthesis and characterization Cu-based nanocomposites by flake powder metallurgy
Li et al. Effect of TiC in copper–tungsten electrodes on EDM performance
US9822430B2 (en) High-density thermodynamically stable nanostructured copper-based bulk metallic systems, and methods of making the same
JP2019518132A (en) Self-dispersion and self-stabilization of nanostructures in molten metals
EP2206136B1 (en) X-ray rotating anode plate, and method for the production thereof
Sayyadi et al. Influence of graphene content and nickel decoration on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the Cu/Sn–Ag–Cu/Cu soldered joint
Kutzhanov et al. Al/SiC nanocomposites with enhanced thermomechanical properties obtained from microwave plasma-treated nanopowders
DE102009022082A1 (en) Material, useful e.g. for crucible and mold for metal casting, comprises carbon nanotube and/or nano-graphite powder particle having maximum average grain size in three-dimensional nanometer region in quasihomogeneous spatial distribution
Maziarz et al. Effect of severe plastic deformation process on microstructure and mechanical properties ofAlSi/SiC composite
Loboda et al. Effect of the crystallization kinetic parameters on the structure and properties of a eutectic alloy of the LaB6–TiB2 system
Asgharzadeh et al. Fabrication of fullerene-reinforced aluminum matrix nanocomposites
Lu et al. The influence of particle surface oxidation treatment on microstructure and mechanical behavior of 3D-SiCp/A356 interpenetrating composites fabricated by pressure infiltration technique
Basak et al. Strength-ductility synergy in a graphene oxide reinforced aluminum matrix composite made by friction stir processing
Hamid et al. Synthesis and characterization of titanium carbide and/or alumina nanoparticle reinforced copper matrix composites by spark plasma sintering
Udupa et al. Fabrication of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminium matrix laminate by mechanical powder metallurgy technique-Part I
WO2010133189A1 (en) Materials comprising carbon nanoparticles and the use thereof
WO2016100226A1 (en) Incorporation of nano-size particles into aluminum or other light metals by decoration of micron size particles
Das et al. Enhanced mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties of copper-graphene composites using additive manufacturing
EP2347020A2 (en) Composite member made of copper or a copper alloy with embedded carbon nanotubes, method for the production of such a member, and use of the composite member
Azevêdo et al. Effect of high-energy milling and sintering temperature on the properties of Al2O3-WC-Co composites
Parvin et al. The characteristics of alumina particle reinforced pure Al matrix composite
Zhou et al. W-Cu Composites
Pasha et al. Wear behavior and microstructural characterization of AA7075/MWCNT surface composites fabricated through friction stir processing
EP1560799A2 (en) Ceramic-metal or metal-ceramic composite

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09775876

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1120090047939

Country of ref document: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09775876

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1