WO2010128551A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010128551A1 WO2010128551A1 PCT/JP2009/058663 JP2009058663W WO2010128551A1 WO 2010128551 A1 WO2010128551 A1 WO 2010128551A1 JP 2009058663 W JP2009058663 W JP 2009058663W WO 2010128551 A1 WO2010128551 A1 WO 2010128551A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cycle
- heat exchanger
- medium
- indoor unit
- heating
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
- F24F3/065—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with a plurality of evaporators or condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/001—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems in which the air treatment in the central station takes place by means of a heat-pump or by means of a reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
- F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
- F24F2221/54—Heating and cooling, simultaneously or alternatively
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0231—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with simultaneous cooling and heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0234—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in series arrangements
- F25B2313/02342—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in series arrangements during defrosting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner that can efficiently remove frost generated when heat is generated from a heat source from an air heat exchanger.
- an air conditioner that exchanges heat between the refrigerant-side cycle (primary-side cycle) and the water-side cycle (secondary-side cycle), collects the heat of condensation during cooling operation, and can perform cooling and heating at the same time.
- primary-side cycle refrigerant-side cycle
- secondary-side cycle water-side cycle
- frost forms on the air heat exchanger when the outside air temperature is low.
- the defrosting capacity for removing this frost is basically determined by the electric input to the compressor, but conventionally, by using the heat absorption from the cooling load as a heat source, the defrosting capacity can be expanded.
- the defrosting operation is performed under the simultaneous cooling and heating operation state (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the defrosting operation is performed under the simultaneous cooling and heating operation state, and the defrosting capability is expanded by using the heat absorption from the cooling load as a heat source.
- the defrosting capability can be expanded only under the simultaneous cooling and heating operation with a relatively small amount of frost formation. That is, in the case of only a heating operation with a relatively large amount of frost formation, the defrosting capacity could not be expanded.
- the water side cycle (secondary side cycle) in which heat is exchanged with the refrigerant has not been considered.
- the technical problem of the present invention is to increase the defrosting capability of the air heat exchanger so that the defrosting time can be shortened and the operation efficiency can be improved.
- An air conditioner includes a first cycle in which a first medium circulates, a second cycle in which a second medium circulates, and a third cycle in which a second medium circulates.
- the first cycle includes a compressor, a first heat exchanger composed of an air heat exchanger, a first pressure reducing valve, and a first heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the first cycle and the second cycle.
- the second heat exchanger, the second pressure reducing valve, the third heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the first cycle and the third cycle, and switching the flow direction of the first medium in the reverse direction
- a four-way valve that is connected in order, and the second cycle includes a second heat exchanger, a first pump that drives the second medium, and a first branch branched into a plurality of paths.
- the third cycle includes the third heat exchanger, a second pump that drives the second medium, a second branch passage that branches into a plurality of passages from one passage, the flow rate adjustment valve, The indoor unit and a second aggregation path that aggregates a plurality of paths into one path are connected in order, and the second cycle and the third are respectively connected to a plurality of path sides of each branch path.
- a first flow path switching valve capable of switching and connecting the flow paths between the second cycle and the third cycle is provided on each of the plurality of path sides of the aggregated path.
- a second flow path switching valve capable of switching and connecting the flow paths is provided, the indoor unit and the flow rate adjusting valve select the second cycle and the third cycle, and the indoor unit is only in the heating operation, or is air conditioning When defrosting the first heat exchanger when the heating capacity is large during simultaneous operation, stop To which the first indoor unit side second flow path switching valve is switched to the third cycle side, and drives the second pump.
- the defrost time can be shortened, and as a result, highly efficient operation can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an operation in the case of only the cooling operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an operation in the cooling main operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a main part of another example of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a main part of still another example of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an operation during normal operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an operation in the case of only the cooling operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an operation during the defrost preparation operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an operation at the time of defrosting operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing an operation before defrosting of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing the operation of the defrost preparation operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing the operation of the defrost operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the opened pipe is indicated by a thick line (solid line)
- the closed pipe is indicated by a thin line (solid line).
- the air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment includes a heat source unit 2, a relay unit 3, and a load unit 4, as shown in FIG.
- the heat source unit 2 is provided in a machine room such as a building roof, outdoors, or underground.
- the load unit 4 is provided in the living room or in the vicinity of the living room.
- the relay unit may be provided adjacent to the heat source unit 2 or may be provided in the vicinity of the living room.
- the air conditioner 1 includes a first cycle 5 in which the first medium circulates, a second cycle 6 in which the second medium circulates, and a third cycle 7 in which the second medium circulates.
- the first medium is not only a chlorofluorocarbon-based refrigerant but also a natural refrigerant
- the second medium is water, water obtained by adding an additive such as a preservative, or brine.
- the first cycle 5 includes a compressor 9, a four-way valve 10, a first heat exchanger 11, an associated outdoor unit fan 12, a first extension pipe 13, a first pressure reducing valve 14, and a second heat exchange. 15, a second pressure reducing valve 16, a third heat exchanger 17, a second extension pipe 18, the four-way valve 10, an accumulator 19, and the compressor 9.
- the second cycle 6 includes a second heat exchanger 15, a first pump 21, a first branch path 40, a plurality of branch paths 8a to 8c, a first aggregation path 41, and the second heat exchanger. 15 are connected in order.
- the third cycle 7 includes a third heat exchanger 17, a second pump 22, a second branch path 42, a plurality of branch paths 8a to 8c, a second aggregation path 43, and the second heat exchanger. 17 are connected in order.
- the plurality of branch paths 8a to 8c include first flow path switching valves 31a to 31c, flow rate adjusting valves 32a to 32c, third extension pipes 33a to 33c, indoor units 34a to 34c, and associated indoor unit fans 35a to 35a. 35c, fourth extension pipes 36a to 36c, and second flow path switching valves 37a to 37c.
- the four-way valve 10 is connected as indicated by a solid line, and the first medium compressed to a high pressure and high temperature by the compressor 9 passes through the four-way valve 10 and performs the first heat exchange.
- the first medium becomes a high pressure and a low temperature by entering the vessel 11 and radiating heat to the outside air supplied by the outdoor unit fan 12.
- it passes through the first extension pipe 13 and is depressurized by the first pressure reducing valve 14, and the first medium has a low pressure and low dryness.
- it passes through the second heat exchanger 15, the second pressure reducing valve 16, and the third heat exchanger 17.
- the second pressure reducing valve 16 is fully open and the pressure loss is small.
- the second heat exchanger 15 exchanges heat between the first cycle 5 and the second cycle 6,
- the third heat exchanger 17 exchanges heat between the first cycle 5 and the third cycle 7,
- the first medium evaporates and becomes low-pressure high-dryness or low-pressure superheated gas. It passes through the second extension pipe 18, the four-way valve 10, and the accumulator 19 and is circulated again to the compressor 9.
- the control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 9 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 51 is constant, and the first heat so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 52 is constant.
- the processing capacity of the first heat exchanger 11 is controlled by the outdoor unit fan 12 or the like of the exchanger 11.
- the second pressure reducing valve 16 is fully open. Therefore, the control device 100 determines the outlet superheat (outlet superheat) of the third heat exchanger 17 (the detected value of the temperature sensor 64) ⁇ (saturated temperature converted value of the pressure sensor 51) obtained by the following equation (1). . .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................»(2003)» (1) Is controlled so that the opening of the first pressure reducing valve 14 is constant. Thereby, an appropriate cooling capacity can be realized according to the number of operating indoor units 34a to 34c.
- first pressure difference (detected value of pressure sensor 55) ⁇ (detected value
- (4) (detected value of the pressure sensor 57) ⁇ (detected value of the pressure sensor 56).
- the second medium In the second cycle 6 in which the cold heat is supplied from the first cycle 5 by the second heat exchanger 15, the second medium is at a low temperature, the second medium is circulated by the first pump 21, One flow path switching valve 31a, 31b leads to the branch paths 8a, 8b.
- the flow rate of the second medium passing through the branch paths 8a and 8b is determined by the flow rate adjustment valves 32a and 32b depending on the degree of resistance (opening degree) of the flow rate adjustment valve.
- the second medium passes through the third extension pipes 33a and 33b and reaches the indoor units 34a and 34b.
- a 2nd medium supplies cold heat to a load side by carrying out heat exchange with the air of a room by indoor unit fan 35a, 35b, and becomes high temperature.
- the second medium that has reached a high temperature further passes through the fourth extension pipes 36a and 36b, passes through the second flow path switching valves 37a and 37b, and is then aggregated in the first aggregation path 41. Then, the second heat exchanger 15 is reached again.
- the second medium is at a low temperature, and the second medium is circulated by the second pump 22.
- the second branch path 42 reaches the branch path 8c by the first flow path switching valve 31c.
- the flow rate of the second medium passing through the branch path 8c is determined by the flow rate adjustment valve 32c according to the degree of resistance (opening degree) of the flow rate adjustment valve.
- the second medium passes through the third extension pipe 33c and reaches the indoor unit 34c.
- a 2nd medium supplies cold heat to the load side by carrying out heat exchange with the air of a living room with the indoor unit fan 35c, and becomes high temperature. Further, the second medium having reached a high temperature passes through the fourth extension pipe 36c, passes through the second flow path switching valve 37c, and then reaches the third heat exchanger 17 again.
- the four-way valve 10 is connected as indicated by a solid line, and the first medium compressed to a high pressure and high temperature by the compressor 9 passes through the four-way valve 10 and performs the first heat exchange.
- the first medium passes through the first extension pipe 13 and is depressurized by the first pressure reducing valve 14 to become a low pressure and low dryness.
- the first medium passes through the second heat exchanger 15, the second pressure reducing valve 16, and the third heat exchanger 17.
- a pressure drop occurs in the second pressure reducing valve 16, and the saturated temperature conversion value of the pressure before and after passage corresponds to the required temperature.
- the second heat exchanger 15 exchanges heat between the first cycle 5 and the second cycle 6, and the third heat exchanger 17 exchanges heat between the first cycle 5 and the third cycle 7. Then, by supplying cold heat to the second medium, the first medium evaporates and becomes low-pressure high-dryness or low-pressure superheated gas. Then, the first medium passes through the second extension pipe 18, the four-way valve 10, and the accumulator 19 and is circulated to the compressor 9 again.
- control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 9 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 51 is constant, and the outdoor unit fan 12 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 52 is constant.
- the processing capacity of the first heat exchanger 11 is controlled by, for example.
- control device 100 controls the opening degree of the first pressure reducing valve 14 so that the outlet superheat of the third heat exchanger 17 obtained by the equation (1) is constant.
- temperature difference (saturated temperature converted value of pressure sensor 53) ⁇ (saturated temperature converted value of pressure sensor 51)
- the second cycle 6 supplied with cold from the first cycle 5 by the second heat exchanger 15 is supplied with cold from the first medium under pressure before the pressure is reduced by the second pressure reducing valve 16. Therefore, the evaporation temperature is higher than that in the third cycle, and the blowout temperature of the indoor unit is high.
- the cold heat is supplied from the first medium under the pressure after the pressure is reduced by the second pressure reducing valve 16. Therefore, the evaporation temperature is lower than that in the second cycle 6 and the blowout temperature of the indoor unit is low.
- control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valves 32a to 32c so that the inlet / outlet temperature difference obtained by the equation (2) is constant.
- control device 100 controls the rotational speed of the first pump 21 so that the first pressure difference obtained by the equation (3) is constant here.
- control device 100 controls the rotational speed of the second pump 22 so that the second pressure difference obtained by the equation (4) is constant.
- the second medium can be appropriately circulated through the indoor units 34a to 34c.
- the flow control valve on the stopped indoor unit side is fully closed, or the stopped indoor unit side flow path switching valve is in the second cycle. 6 and the third cycle 7 is not conducted.
- the four-way valve 10 is connected as indicated by a solid line, and the first medium compressed to high pressure and high temperature by the compressor 9 passes through the four-way valve 10 and performs first heat exchange.
- the first medium By entering the vessel 11 and dissipating heat to the outside air supplied by the outdoor unit fan 12, the first medium has a high pressure and intermediate temperature when the pressure exceeds the critical pressure.
- the first medium passes through the first extension pipe 13 and the first pressure reducing valve 14, and then passes through the second heat exchanger 15.
- the first pressure reducing valve 14 is fully open.
- the second heat exchanger 15 exchanges heat between the first cycle 5 and the second cycle 6, and supplies warm heat to the second medium. Thereby, the first medium becomes a high pressure and a low temperature.
- the first medium passes through the second pressure reducing valve 16 and has a low pressure and low dryness.
- the third heat exchanger 17 exchanges heat between the first cycle 5 and the third cycle 7 and supplies cold heat to the second medium. As a result, the first medium evaporates and becomes low-pressure high-dryness or low-pressure superheated gas. Then, the first medium passes through the second extension pipe 18, the four-way valve 10, and the accumulator 19 and is circulated to the compressor 9 again.
- the control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 9 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 51 is constant, and the outdoor unit fan 12 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 52 is constant.
- the processing capacity of the first heat exchanger 11 is controlled by, for example.
- the opening degree of the second pressure reducing valve 16 is controlled so that becomes constant.
- appropriate cooling capacity and heating capacity can be realized according to the number of operating indoor units 34a to 34c.
- the second medium In the second cycle 6 in which the heat is supplied from the first cycle 5 by the second heat exchanger 15, the second medium is hot, the second medium is circulated by the first pump 21, One flow path switching valve 31a leads to the branch path 8a.
- the flow rate of the second medium passing through the branch path 8a is determined by the flow rate adjustment valve 32a depending on the degree of resistance (opening degree) of the flow rate adjustment valve.
- the second medium passes through the third extension pipe 33a and reaches the indoor unit 34a.
- a 2nd medium supplies cold heat to the load side by carrying out heat exchange with the air of a living room with the indoor unit fan 35a, and becomes low temperature.
- the second medium having a low temperature passes through the fourth extension pipe 36a, passes through the second flow path switching valve 37a, passes through the first aggregation path 41, and again passes through the second passage switching valve 37a.
- the heat exchanger 15 is reached.
- the second medium is at a low temperature, and the second medium is circulated by the second pump 22.
- the flow rate of the second medium passing through the branch paths 8b and 8c is determined by the flow rate adjustment valves 32b and 32c depending on the degree of resistance (opening degree) of the flow rate adjustment valve.
- the second medium passes through the third extension pipes 33b and 33c and reaches the indoor units 34b and 34c.
- a 2nd medium supplies cold energy to a load side by carrying out heat exchange with the air of a room by the indoor unit fans 35b and 35c, and becomes high temperature.
- the second medium that has reached a high temperature passes through the fourth extension pipes 36b and 36c, passes through the second flow path switching valves 37b and 37c, and is then aggregated in the second aggregation path 43, It reaches the third heat exchanger 17 again.
- the four-way valve 10 is connected as indicated by a broken line, and the first medium compressed to a high pressure and high temperature by the compressor 9 passes through the four-way valve 10 and the second extension pipe. 18, passes through the third heat exchanger 17, the second pressure reducing valve 16, and the second heat exchanger 15.
- the second pressure reducing valve 16 is fully open and the pressure loss is small.
- the first medium passes through the third heat exchanger 17 and the second heat exchanger 15, it exchanges heat with the third cycle 7 and the second cycle 6, thereby becoming a high pressure and a low temperature.
- the first medium passes through the first pressure reducing valve 14 and has a low pressure and low dryness.
- the first medium passes through the first extension pipe 13, enters the first heat exchanger 11, and absorbs heat from the outside air supplied by the outdoor unit fan 12, thereby achieving low pressure and high dryness. . Thereafter, the first medium passes through the four-way valve 10 and the accumulator 19 and is circulated to the compressor 9 again.
- an air conditioner for buildings generates extra refrigerant during heating rather than cooling, depending on the size of the heat exchanger and the arrangement of the extension pipes and pressure reducing valves. Therefore, this is stored in the accumulator 19. The liquid refrigerant is prevented from being sucked into the compressor 9 to ensure reliability.
- the control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 9 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 52 is constant, and the outdoor unit fan 12 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 51 is constant.
- the processing capacity of the first heat exchanger 11 is controlled by, for example.
- the second medium is at a high temperature, and the second medium is circulated by the second pump 22.
- the first flow path switching valve 31c leads to the branch path 8c.
- the flow rate of the second medium passing through the branch path 8c is determined by the flow rate adjustment valve 32c according to the degree of resistance (opening degree) of the flow rate adjustment valve.
- the second medium passes through the third extension pipe 33c and reaches the indoor unit 34c.
- a 2nd medium supplies warm temperature to the load side by carrying out heat exchange with the air of a living room with the indoor unit fan 35c, and becomes low temperature.
- the low temperature second medium passes through the fourth extension pipe 36c, passes through the second flow path switching valve 37c, and then reaches the third heat exchanger 17 again.
- the second medium is at a high temperature, and the second medium is circulated by the first pump 21.
- the first flow path switching valves 31a and 31b reach the branch paths 8a and 8b.
- the flow rate of the second medium passing through the branch paths 8a and 8b is determined by the flow rate adjustment valves 32a and 32b depending on the degree of resistance (opening degree) of the flow rate adjustment valve.
- the second medium passes through the third extension pipes 33a and 33b and reaches the indoor units 34a and 34b.
- a 2nd medium supplies heat to a load side by carrying out heat exchange with the air of a room by indoor unit fan 35a, 35b, and becomes low temperature.
- the second medium that has become low temperature passes through the fourth extension pipes 36a and 36b, passes through the second flow path switching valves 37a and 37b, and is then aggregated in the first aggregation path 41, It reaches the second heat exchanger 15 again.
- control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valves 32a to 32c so that the difference between the inlet and outlet temperature of the indoor units 34a to 34c obtained by the equation (2) becomes constant. Moreover, the control apparatus 100 controls the rotation speed of the 1st pump 21 so that the 1st pressure difference calculated
- the flow control valve on the stopped indoor unit side is fully closed, or the stopped indoor unit side flow path switching valve is in the second cycle. 6 and the third cycle 7 is not conducted.
- the four-way valve 10 is connected by a broken line, and the first medium compressed to high pressure and high temperature by the compressor 9 passes through the four-way valve 10 and passes through the second extension pipe 18. And passes through the third heat exchanger 17, the second pressure reducing valve 16, and the second heat exchanger 15. A pressure drop occurs in the second pressure reducing valve 16, and the saturated temperature conversion value of the pressure before and after passage corresponds to the required temperature.
- the first medium undergoes heat exchange with the third cycle 7 and the second cycle 6 when passing through the third heat exchanger 17 and the second heat exchanger 15, thereby becoming a high pressure and a low temperature.
- the first medium passes through the first pressure reducing valve 14 and has a low pressure and low dryness.
- the first medium passes through the first extension pipe 13, enters the first heat exchanger 11, and absorbs heat from the outside air supplied by the outdoor unit fan 12, thereby achieving low pressure and high dryness.
- the first medium passes through the four-way valve 10 and the accumulator 19 and is circulated to the compressor 9 again.
- an air conditioner for buildings generates surplus refrigerant during heating rather than cooling, depending on the size of the heat exchanger and the arrangement of the extension pipe and the pressure reducing valve. For this reason, again, the surplus refrigerant at the time of heating is stored in the accumulator 19 to prevent the liquid refrigerant from being sucked into the compressor 9 and to ensure reliability.
- control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 9 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 52 is constant, and the outdoor unit fan 12 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 51 is constant.
- the processing capacity of the first heat exchanger 11 is controlled by, for example.
- the degree of opening of the second pressure reducing valve 16 is controlled so that the required temperature difference is obtained.
- control device 100 controls the opening degree of the first pressure reducing valve 14 so that the outlet subcool of the second heat exchanger 15 obtained by the equation (7) becomes constant. Thereby, an appropriate heating capacity can be realized according to the number of operating indoor units 34a to 34c.
- the third cycle 7 to which the heat is supplied from the first cycle 5 by the third heat exchanger 17 is heated from the first medium under the pressure before the pressure is reduced by the second pressure reducing valve 16. Therefore, the temperature of the second medium is higher than that of the second cycle, and the blowout temperature of the indoor unit is high.
- the second cycle 6 supplied with warm heat from the first cycle 5 by the second heat exchanger 15 is heated from the first medium under pressure after the pressure is reduced by the second pressure reducing valve 16. Therefore, the second medium evaporation temperature is lower than that in the third cycle 7 and the blowout temperature of the indoor unit is low.
- control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valves 32a to 32c so that the difference between the inlet and outlet temperature of the indoor units 34a to 34c obtained by the equation (2) becomes constant. Moreover, the control apparatus 100 controls the rotation speed of the 1st pump 21 so that the 1st pressure difference calculated
- the flow control valve on the stopped indoor unit side is fully closed, or the stopped indoor unit side flow path switching valve is in the second cycle. 6 and the third cycle 7 is not conducted.
- Air-conditioning simultaneous operation mode (in the case of heating-based operation)
- the four-way valve 10 is connected as indicated by a broken line, and the first medium compressed to a high pressure and high temperature by the compressor 9 passes through the four-way valve 10 and the second extension pipe. 18, passing through the third heat exchanger 17.
- the first medium passes through the third heat exchanger 17, it exchanges heat with the third cycle 7, thereby becoming a high pressure and a low temperature.
- the first medium is depressurized by the second pressure reducing valve 16 and has a low pressure and low dryness.
- the first medium passes through the second heat exchanger 15.
- the first medium is subjected to heat exchange with the second cycle 6 to be low pressure and low dryness.
- the first medium passes through the fully opened first pressure reducing valve 14, passes through the first extension pipe 13, enters the first heat exchanger 11, and is supplied by the outdoor unit fan 12. By absorbing more heat, it becomes a low-pressure two-phase.
- the first medium passes through the four-way valve 10 and the accumulator 19 and is circulated to the compressor 9 again.
- an air conditioner for buildings generates extra refrigerant during heating rather than cooling, depending on the size of the heat exchanger and the arrangement of the extension pipes and pressure reducing valves. Therefore, this is stored in the accumulator 19. The liquid refrigerant is prevented from being sucked into the compressor 9 to ensure reliability.
- the control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 9 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 52 is constant, and the outdoor unit fan 12 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 51 is constant.
- the processing capacity of the first heat exchanger 11 is controlled by, for example.
- the opening degree of the second pressure reducing valve 16 is controlled so that becomes constant.
- appropriate cooling capacity and heating capacity can be realized in accordance with the number of operating indoor units 34a to 34c.
- the second medium is at a high temperature, and the second medium is circulated by the second pump 22.
- the first flow path switching valves 31b and 31c reach the branch paths 8b and 8c.
- the flow rate of the second medium passing through the branch paths 8b and 8c is determined by the flow rate adjustment valves 32b and 32c depending on the degree of resistance (opening degree) of the flow rate adjustment valve.
- the second medium passes through the third extension pipes 33b and 33c and reaches the indoor units 34b and 34c.
- a 2nd medium supplies warm temperature to a load side by carrying out heat exchange with the air of a room by the indoor unit fans 35b and 35c, and becomes low temperature.
- the second medium that has become low temperature passes through the fourth extension pipes 36b and 36c, passes through the second flow path switching valves 37b and 37c, and is then aggregated in the second aggregation path 43, It reaches the third heat exchanger 17 again.
- the second medium is at a low temperature, and the second medium is circulated by the first pump 21. Then, it passes through the first flow path switching valve 31a to reach the branch path 8a.
- the flow rate of the second medium passing through the branch path 8a is determined by the flow rate adjustment valve 32a depending on the degree of resistance (opening degree) of the flow rate adjustment valve.
- the second medium passes through the third extension pipe 33a and reaches the indoor unit 34a.
- a 2nd medium supplies cold energy to a load side by carrying out heat exchange with the air of a living room with the indoor unit fan 35a, and a 2nd medium becomes high temperature.
- the second medium that has reached a high temperature passes through the fourth extension pipe 36a, passes through the second flow path switching valve 37a, passes through the first aggregation path 41, and then returns to the second medium.
- control device 100 functions as follows. That is, the control device 100 controls the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valves 32a to 32c so that the inlet / outlet temperature difference obtained by the equation (2) is constant.
- control device 100 controls the rotational speed of the first pump 21 so that the first pressure difference obtained by the equation (3) is constant here.
- control device 100 controls the rotational speed of the second pump 22 so that the second pressure difference obtained by the equation (4) is constant.
- the second medium can be appropriately circulated through the indoor units 34a to 34c.
- the opening of the first pressure reducing valve 14 can be adjusted. However, when the pressure reducing valve is fully open by providing an opening / closing valve in parallel, the opening / closing valve is opened. When the pressure reducing valve is not fully open, the opening / closing valve is opened. May be closed to reduce a decrease in pressure loss when the pressure reducing valve is fully open.
- the second heat exchanger 15 and the third heat exchanger 17 may be any of a plate heat exchanger, a double pipe heat exchanger, and a microchannel heat exchanger. However, when there is a restriction in the flow direction like a plate heat exchanger, a switching valve or the like may be provided.
- a bridge circuit as shown in FIG. 4 may be provided in either the outdoor unit or the relay unit. Thereby, even if the four-way valve is switched between forward and reverse during operation, the refrigerant noise and the like can be suppressed, and the control stability of the first medium is maintained.
- the first heat exchanger 11 In addition to controlling the processing capacity of the first heat exchanger 11 by changing the rotation speed of the outdoor unit fan 12, the first heat exchanger is divided in parallel as shown in FIG.
- the processing capability may be changed depending on the degree of division. This is effective when the number of outdoor unit fans 12 is one or when the rotational speed cannot be reduced due to fan motor reliability.
- step S101 When the air conditioner 1 is activated in step S101, initialization is performed in step S102, activation is performed in step S103, and steady operation is performed in step S104.
- step S105 it is determined whether the defrost operation is necessary.
- the first heat exchanger 11 functions as a radiator for the first medium, the defrost operation is not necessary.
- step S106 it is determined whether or not to start the defrost operation.
- the determination criterion is whether or not the surface of the first heat exchanger 11 is frosted with reference to the outside air temperature, the heating load, the temperature of the first heat exchanger 11 and the continuous operation time. If it is determined in step S106 that frost formation has not occurred, frost formation determination is performed again. If it is determined in step S106 that frost is formed, the defrost preparation operation is performed in step S107, the defrost operation is performed in step S108, and the process returns to step S105.
- step S110 the air conditioner (indoor unit) that has been stopped during the steady operation is determined in step S111.
- the indoor unit fan is stopped, and in step S113, the opening of the corresponding flow rate adjustment valve is opened from the fully closed state.
- step S114 the flow path switching valve is conducted to the third cycle 7.
- step S115 the compressor frequency is increased by increasing the target value of the pressure sensor 52 in the first cycle 5.
- step S116 When a predetermined time has elapsed in step S116, the process ends in step S117, and the process proceeds to the defrost operation in step S120. Since the second medium heated by the stopped air conditioner (indoor unit), the third extension pipe, and the fourth extension pipe only has to be distributed, the opening degree in step S113 and the predetermined time in step S116 Does not need to be so big.
- step S120 the defrost operation is performed in the first cycle 5 in step S122.
- the circuit configuration at this time is similar to the cooling operation.
- the four-way valve 10 By switching the four-way valve 10 and flowing the first medium of high temperature and pressure discharged from the compressor 9 to the first heat exchanger 11, the attached frost is melted and removed. At this time, it is better to stop the indoor unit fan.
- step S123 the indoor unit is classified into one of a heating operation, a cooling operation, and a stop during the steady operation.
- the indoor unit that has been in constant heating operation stops the indoor unit fan in step S130, and opens the flow rate adjustment valve in step S131.
- step S132 the flow path switching valve is conducted to the third cycle 7.
- the indoor unit that has been in the cooling operation during the steady operation in Step S123 performs the control while maintaining the normal operation in Step S140.
- step S123 stops the indoor unit fan in step S150, and opens the corresponding flow rate adjustment valve in step S151.
- step S152 the flow path switching valve is conducted to the third cycle 7.
- step S160 the defrost end determination is performed in step S160.
- the determination criterion is to determine whether or not the first heat exchanger 11 has been defrosted with reference to the operation time and the temperature of the first heat exchanger 11. If it is determined in step S160 that the defrost has not ended, the defrost end determination is performed again. If it is determined in step S160 that the defrost has ended, the four-way valve 10 is switched to return the first cycle 5 to the operation mode before the defrost in step S161. In step S162, the air conditioner is classified into one of the heating operation, the cooling operation, and the stop during the steady operation.
- the air conditioner that has been in the heating operation during the steady operation conducts the flow path switching valve to the third cycle 7 in step S171, returns the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve to the temperature difference control in step S172, and in step S173. Operate the indoor unit fan.
- step S162 performs the control in the normal operation in step S180.
- step S162 the air conditioner that has been stopped during the steady operation in step S162 fully closes the opening of the corresponding flow rate adjustment valve in step S190, stops the indoor unit fan in step S191, and ends the defrost operation in step S200. Then, the process returns to step S105.
- FIG. 9, FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show an example of a series of these operations.
- FIG. 9 shows the heating-main operation
- the branch path 8a is the cooling operation
- the branch path 8b is stopped
- the branch path 8c is the heating operation.
- FIG. 10 shows a defrost preparation operation, where the branch path 8b is connected to the third cycle, but the indoor unit fan 35b remains stopped, and the second medium in the branch path 8b circulates.
- FIG. 11 shows that the four-way valve is switched in the defrost operation, the branch path 8b is switched to the second cycle 6, the branch path 8c is switched to the second cycle 7, and the second pump Indicates a stopped state.
- the second medium of the branch path 8b warmed to the second heat exchanger 15 flows in, the first medium absorbs heat. For this reason, a defrost capability increases. Further, since the second medium in the branch path 8c is not circulated, it can be restored in a short time between the steady states after the defrost operation is restored.
- the heat source is temporarily stored not only in the electric input of the compressor 9 but also in the second cycle 6 and the third cycle 7 which are heat source conveying means, so that it can be used as a defrost heat source.
- Defrost time can be shortened. Since the heat generated during the defrost operation flows out of the system such as outside air in addition to defrosting the first heat exchanger 11, if the defrost time is shortened, it is efficient even if the idea amount is the same. It becomes driving.
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Abstract
Description
まず、冷房運転のみの場合について図2を用いて説明する。
この空気調和装置1では、四方弁10が実線で示すように接続されており、圧縮機9で高圧高温に圧縮された第1の媒体は、四方弁10を通過して、第1の熱交換器11に入り、室外機ファン12により供給される外気に放熱することにより、第1の媒体は高圧低温となる。次いで、第1の延長配管13を通過し、第1の減圧弁14で減圧され、第1の媒体は低圧低乾き度となる。次に、第2の熱交換器15、第2の減圧弁16、第3の熱交換器17を通過する。第2の減圧弁16は全開であり、圧力損失は小さい。第2の熱交換器15は第1のサイクル5と第2のサイクル6間で熱交換し、第3の熱交換器17は第1のサイクル5と第3のサイクル7間で熱交換し、冷熱を第2の媒体に供給することで第1の媒体は蒸発し、低圧高乾き度、あるいは低圧過熱ガスとなる。第2の延長配管18、四方弁10、アキュームレーター19を通過し、再び圧縮機9へ循環される。
(出口スーパーヒート)=(温度センサー64の検知値)-(圧力センサー51の飽和温度換算値)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥(1)
が一定となるように第1の減圧弁14の開度を制御する。これにより、室内機34a~34cの運転台数に応じて適切な冷房能力が実現できる。
(出入口温度差)=(温度センサー67の検知値)-(温度センサー68の検知値)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥(2)
が一定となるように制御される。
(第1の圧力差)=(圧力センサー55の検知値)-(圧力センサー54の検知値)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥(3)
が一定となるように制御される。
(第2の圧力差)=(圧力センサー57の検知値)-(圧力センサー56の検知値)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥(4)
が一定となるように制御される。
これにより、各室内機34a~34cに第2の媒体を適切に循環させることができる。
次に、冷房運転のみで、要求される温度が異なる場合について図2を用いて説明する。
この空気調和装置1では、四方弁10が実線で示すように接続されており、圧縮機9で高圧高温に圧縮された第1の媒体は、四方弁10を通過して、第1の熱交換器11に入り、室外機ファン12により供給される外気に放熱することにより、高圧低温となる。次いで、第1の媒体は、第1の延長配管13を通過し、第1の減圧弁14で減圧され、低圧低乾き度となる。次に、第1の媒体は、第2の熱交換器15、第2の減圧弁16、第3の熱交換器17を通過する。第2の減圧弁16では圧力低下が生じ、通過前後の圧力の飽和温度換算値が、要求される温度に対応する。第2の熱交換器15は、第1のサイクル5と第2のサイクル6間で熱交換し、第3の熱交換器17は、第1のサイクル5と第3のサイクル7間で熱交換し、冷熱を第2の媒体に供給することで、第1の媒体は蒸発し、低圧高乾き度、あるいは低圧過熱ガスとなる。そして、第1の媒体は、第2の延長配管18、四方弁10、アキュームレーター19を通過し、再び圧縮機9へ循環される。
(温度差)=(圧力センサー53の飽和温度換算値)-(圧力センサー51の飽和温度換算値)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥(5)
が要求される温度差となるように制御される。これにより、室内機の運転台数に応じて適切な冷房能力が実現できる。
これにより各室内機34a~34cに第2の媒体を適切に循環させることができる。
次に、冷房と暖房を同時に行い、冷房能力が暖房能力より大きい場合(冷房主体運転)について図3を用いて説明する。
この空気調和装置1では、四方弁10は実線で示すように接続されており、圧縮機9で高圧高温に圧縮された第1の媒体は、四方弁10を通過して、第1の熱交換器11に入り、室外機ファン12により供給される外気に放熱することにより、第1の媒体は臨界圧力以上の場合は高圧中温となる。次いで、第1の媒体は、第1の延長配管13、第1の減圧弁14を通過し、第2の熱交換器15を通過する。ここで、第1の減圧弁14は全開である。第2の熱交換器15は、第1のサイクル5と第2のサイクル6間で熱交換し、温熱を第2の媒体に供給する。これにより、第1の媒体は高圧低温となる。次いで、第1の媒体は、第2の減圧弁16を通過し、低圧低乾き度となる。第3の熱交換器17は、第1のサイクル5と第3のサイクル7間で熱交換し、冷熱を第2の媒体に供給する。これにより、第1の媒体は蒸発し、低圧高乾き度、あるいは低圧過熱ガスとなる。そして、第1の媒体は、第2の延長配管18、四方弁10、アキュームレーター19を通過し、再び圧縮機9へ循環される。
(出口スーパーヒート)=(温度センサー64の検知値)-(圧力センサー51の飽和温度換算値)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥(6)
が一定となるように第2の減圧弁16の開度を制御する。これにより、室内機34a~34cの運転台数に応じて適切な冷房能力と暖房能力が実現できる。
次に、暖房運転のみの場合について前記図2を用いて説明する。
この空気調和装置1では、四方弁10は破線で示すように接続されており、圧縮機9で高圧高温に圧縮された第1の媒体は、四方弁10を通過して、第2の延長配管18、第3の熱交換器17、第2の減圧弁16、第2の熱交換器15を通過する。第2の減圧弁16は全開であり、圧力損失は小さい。第1の媒体は、第3の熱交換器17、第2の熱交換器15を通過する際に、第3のサイクル7、第2のサイクル6と熱交換することにより、高圧低温となる。次いで、第1の媒体は、第1の減圧弁14を通過して、低圧低乾き度となる。次に、第1の媒体は、第1の延長配管13を通過し、第1の熱交換器11に入り、室外機ファン12により供給される外気より吸熱することにより、低圧高乾き度となる。その後、第1の媒体は、四方弁10、アキュームレーター19を通過して再び圧縮機9に循環される。既述したように、ビル用の空調機は、熱交換器の大きさ、延長配管と減圧弁の配置の仕方により、冷房よりも暖房時に余剰冷媒が生じるため、これをアキュームレーター19に収納し、圧縮機9に液冷媒が吸入されることを防ぎ、信頼性を確保する。
(出口サブクール)=(圧力センサー52の飽和温度換算値)-(温度センサー61の検知値)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥(7)
が一定となるように第1の減圧弁14の開度を制御する。これにより、室内機34a~34cの運転台数に応じて適切な暖房能力が実現できる。
これにより各室内機34a~34cに第2の媒体を適切に循環させることができる。
次に、暖房運転のみで、要求される温度が異なる場合について前記図3を用いて説明する。
この空気調和装置1では、四方弁10は破線で接続されており、圧縮機9で高圧高温に圧縮された第1の媒体は、四方弁10を通過して、第2の延長配管18を通過し、第3の熱交換器17、第2の減圧弁16、第2の熱交換器15を通過する。第2の減圧弁16では圧力低下が生じ、通過前後の圧力の飽和温度換算値が、要求される温度に対応する。第1の媒体は、第3の熱交換器17、第2の熱交換器15を通過する際に第3のサイクル7、第2のサイクル6と熱交換することにより、高圧低温となる。次いで、第1の媒体は、第1の減圧弁14を通過して、低圧低乾き度となる。次に、第1の媒体は、第1の延長配管13を通過し、第1の熱交換器11に入り、室外機ファン12により供給される外気より吸熱することにより、低圧高乾き度となる。その後、第1の媒体は、四方弁10、アキュームレーター19を通過して再び圧縮機9に循環される。既述したように一般的に、ビル用の空調機は、熱交換器の大きさ、延長配管と減圧弁の配置の仕方により、冷房よりも暖房時に余剰冷媒が生じる。このため、ここでも暖房時の余剰冷媒をアキュームレーター19に収納し、圧縮機9に液冷媒が吸入されることを防ぎ、信頼性を確保する。
(温度差)=(圧力センサー52の飽和温度換算値)-(圧力センサー53の飽和温度換算値)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥(8)
が要求される温度差となるように第2の減圧弁16の開度を制御する。
次に、冷房と暖房を同時に行い、暖房能力が冷房能力より大きい場合(暖房主体運転)について図3を用いて説明する。
この空気調和装置1では、四方弁10は破線で示すように接続されており、圧縮機9で高圧高温に圧縮された第1の媒体は、四方弁10を通過して、第2の延長配管18、第3の熱交換器17を通過する。第1の媒体は、第3の熱交換器17を通過する際に、第3のサイクル7と熱交換することにより、高圧低温となる。次いで、第1の媒体は、第2の減圧弁16で減圧され、低圧低乾き度となる。次に、第1の媒体は、第2の熱交換器15を通過する。その際、第1の媒体は、第2のサイクル6と熱交換することにより、低圧低乾き度となる。次いで、第1の媒体は、全開された第1の減圧弁14を通過し、第1の延長配管13を通過し、第1の熱交換器11に入り、室外機ファン12により供給される外気より吸熱することにより、低圧二相となる。その後、第1の媒体は、四方弁10、アキュームレーター19を通過して再び圧縮機9に循環される。既述したように、ビル用の空調機は、熱交換器の大きさ、延長配管と減圧弁の配置の仕方により、冷房よりも暖房時に余剰冷媒が生じるため、これをアキュームレーター19に収納し、圧縮機9に液冷媒が吸入されることを防ぎ、信頼性を確保する。
(出口サブクール)=(圧力センサー52の飽和温度換算値)-(温度センサー63の検知値)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥(9)
が一定となるように第2の減圧弁16の開度を制御する。これにより室内機34a~34cの運転台数に応じて適切な冷房能力と暖房能力が実現できる。
これにより各室内機34a~34cに第2の媒体を適切に循環させることができる。
Claims (7)
- 第1の媒体が循環する第1のサイクルと、
第2の媒体が循環する第2のサイクルと、
第2の媒体が循環する第3のサイクルと、を備え、
前記第1のサイクルは、圧縮機と、空気熱交換器でなる第1の熱交換器と、第1の減圧弁と、第1のサイクルと第2のサイクルとの間で熱交換する第2の熱交換器と、第2の減圧弁と、第1のサイクルと第3のサイクルとの間で熱交換する第3の熱交換器と、第1の媒体の流れ方向を正逆に転換させる四方弁と、を順に接続してなり、
前記第2のサイクルは、前記第2の熱交換器と、前記第2の媒体を駆動させる第1のポンプと、1経路から複数に分岐する第1の分岐路と、ファンを有する室内機と、複数の経路から1経路に集約する第1の集約路と、を順に接続してなり、
前記第3のサイクルは、前記第3の熱交換器と、前記第2の媒体を駆動させる第2のポンプと、1経路から複数に分岐する第2の分岐路と、前記流量調整弁と、前記室内機と、複数の経路から1経路に集約する第2の集約路と、を順に接続してなり、
各前記分岐路の複数の経路側には、それぞれ前記第2のサイクルと前記第3のサイクルとの間で流路を切替接続できる第1の流路切替弁を設け、
各前記集約路の複数の経路側には、それぞれ前記第2のサイクルと前記第3のサイクルとの間で流路を切替接続できる第2の流路切替弁を設け、
前記室内機と前記流量調整弁が前記第2のサイクルと前記第3のサイクルを選択し、
前記室内機が暖房運転のみ、あるいは冷暖房同時運転で暖房能力が大きいときで、第1の熱交換器を除霜する際、停止している室内機側の前記第1と第2の流路切替弁を前記第3のサイクル側に切替し、第2のポンプを駆動させることを特徴とする空気調和装置。 - 暖房運転のみ、あるいは冷暖房同時運転で前記第1の熱交換器を除霜する際に前記第3のサイクル側に切替されて前記第2のポンプが駆動される前記室内機のファンを停止のままとすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。
- 暖房運転のみ、あるいは冷暖房同時運転で暖房能力が大きいときで、前記第1の熱交換器を除霜する際、暖房運転中の室内機の流量調整弁を、全閉、あるいは前記第1の流路切替弁と前記第2の流路切替弁を前記第2のポンプが駆動している前記第2のサイクルか前記第3のサイクルと接続しないことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載の空気調和装置。
- 暖房運転のみ、あるいは冷暖房同時運転で暖房能力が大きいときで、前記第1の熱交換器を除霜する前に、停止中の室内機のファンを停止のまま、該室内機を第3のサイクルに接続することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の空気調和装置。
- 暖房運転のみ、あるいは冷暖房同時運転で暖房能力が大きいときで、前記第1の熱交換器を除霜する前に、前記第3の熱交換器における第1の媒体の圧力を上昇させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれかに記載の空気調和装置。
- 暖房運転のみ、あるいは冷暖房同時運転で暖房能力が大きいときで、前記第1の熱交換器を除霜する際、冷房の室内機を継続して運転させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれかに記載の空気調和装置。
- 暖房運転のみ、あるいは冷暖房同時運転で暖房能力が大きいときで、前記第1の熱交換器を除霜する際、暖房の室内機のファンを停止させ、前記第2のサイクルあるいは前記第3のサイクルに前記流路切替弁を接続することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれかに記載の空気調和装置。
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| JP2011512283A JP5172012B2 (ja) | 2009-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | 空気調和装置 |
| CN200980159162.7A CN102422091B (zh) | 2009-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | 空气调节装置 |
| PCT/JP2009/058663 WO2010128551A1 (ja) | 2009-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | 空気調和装置 |
| US13/263,607 US8616017B2 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | Air conditioning apparatus |
| EP09844338.5A EP2428741B1 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | Air conditioner |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2428741A1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
| JPWO2010128551A1 (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
| CN102422091B (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
| EP2428741B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
| JP5172012B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 |
| US20120043056A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
| EP2428741A4 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
| US8616017B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
| CN102422091A (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
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