WO2010122985A1 - 半導体基板用研磨液及び半導体基板の研磨方法 - Google Patents
半導体基板用研磨液及び半導体基板の研磨方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010122985A1 WO2010122985A1 PCT/JP2010/056948 JP2010056948W WO2010122985A1 WO 2010122985 A1 WO2010122985 A1 WO 2010122985A1 JP 2010056948 W JP2010056948 W JP 2010056948W WO 2010122985 A1 WO2010122985 A1 WO 2010122985A1
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- polishing
- semiconductor substrate
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- H10P52/402—
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- H10P52/00—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/04—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/042—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces operating processes therefor
- B24B37/044—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces operating processes therefor characterised by the composition of the lapping agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor substrate polishing liquid suitable for semiconductor substrate surface processing and a semiconductor substrate polishing method.
- polishing process of a semiconductor substrate typified by silicon generally, a lapping process for smoothing unevenness of a surface generated by slicing and a uniform thickness in a substrate surface, and finishing to a desired surface accuracy are performed.
- polishing process polishing process
- the polishing process is further divided into a primary polishing process called rough polishing and a final polishing process called precision polishing.
- the primary polishing process is further divided into two processes called a primary polishing process and a secondary polishing process.
- the polishing process is used not only for the manufacturing process of a normal semiconductor substrate but also for the recycling process of a used semiconductor substrate.
- TSV through silicon via
- the structure called TSV is a structure in which an electrode connecting a device formed on the surface layer of a semiconductor substrate and the back surface of the semiconductor substrate is formed so as to penetrate the inside of the semiconductor substrate.
- the upper and lower semiconductor elements are connected by wire bonding.
- the area required for the connection between the upper and lower semiconductor elements can be made smaller. Therefore, the technique for forming the TSV replaces the wire bonding. It is expected as a new technology.
- TSV As a process of forming TSV, it is considered that a process of forming a via in a semiconductor substrate, grinding the back surface of the surface on which the via is formed (back grinding), and penetrating the via is generally considered.
- CMP Chemical Mechanical Polishing
- the use of CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) in the step of polishing the back surface has been studied (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1 below). From the viewpoint of manufacturing efficiency, a high polishing rate is required for the polishing liquid used in the polishing process on the back surface.
- Patent Document 1 shows that colloidal silica and silica gel are useful as a polishing agent for the surface of a semiconductor crystal that is most frequently used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.
- Patent Document 1 below describes that the primary particles of colloidal silica and silica gel used in the sol have a particle size of 4 to 200 nm.
- Patent Document 2 listed below uses a combination of either silica or silica gel in a colloidal form having a primary particle size of 4 to 200 nm, preferably 4 to 100 nm, and a water-soluble amine as a polishing agent. It has been disclosed that a substrate, particularly a silicon semiconductor substrate surface, can be effectively polished.
- the amount of amine with respect to silica present in the silica sol or gel is 0.5-5.0% by weight, preferably 1.0-5.0% by weight, most preferably 2.0-4.0% by weight. ing.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an aqueous silica composition to which 0.1 to 5.0% by mass (most preferably 2.0 to 4.0% by mass) of a water-soluble quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary ammonium base is added. It has been shown that the use can improve the polishing rate of the silicon substrate.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of polishing a silicon or germanium semiconductor material to a high surface finish.
- a polishing liquid having a modified colloidal silica gel, a silica concentration of about 2 to about 50% by mass, and a pH of 11 to 12.5 is used as a polishing liquid. use.
- the surface of the silica particles having a specific surface area of about 25 to 600 m 2 / g is chemically bonded to aluminum atoms per 100 silicon atoms on the surface of the uncoated particles. It is coated so that there are about 1 to about 50 surface coatings.
- Patent Document 4 describes that pH does not occur without causing depolymerization. It has been shown that polishing can be rapidly performed in a region of 11 or more.
- Patent Document 5 listed below includes piperazine or piperazine having a lower alkyl substituent on nitrogen and an aqueous colloidal silica sol or gel, and piperazine is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by mass based on the SiO 2 content of the sol.
- a polishing liquid is disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 listed below discloses a silicon wafer and a polishing method for a material similar to the silicon wafer. According to Patent Document 5, it is said that when piperazine is contained in the polishing liquid, an equivalent polishing rate can be obtained with a small amount of colloidal silica as compared with the case where aminoethylethanolamine is used.
- Patent Document 5 listed below describes that a strongly basic piperazine system can reduce the amount of caustic alkali added to adjust the pH.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a polishing composition comprising an abrasive, at least one of azoles and derivatives thereof, and water. Patent Document 6 below describes that the polishing ability of the polishing composition is improved by adding azoles and derivatives thereof to the polishing composition. For this reason, it is pointed out that the unshared electron pair of the nitrogen atom of the hetero five-membered ring directly acts on the object to be polished, and specifically, an example in which imidazole is applied is disclosed.
- Patent Document 7 listed below discloses a polishing liquid containing water, a water-soluble polymer such as colloidal silica and polyacrylamide, and a water-soluble salt such as calcium chloride as a polishing liquid for reducing irregularities on the surface of the semiconductor substrate. Has been. However, when the polishing liquid described in Patent Document 7 is used, there arises a problem that the polishing rate is lowered due to the addition of the water-soluble polymer, and the processing time is increased.
- the concentration of either sodium ion or acetate ion in the polishing composition is 10 ppb or less, or for polishing
- the concentration of sodium ion and acetate ion in the composition is 10 ppb or less
- the polishing composition discloses a polishing liquid that preferably contains a water-soluble polymer such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, an alkali such as ammonia, and abrasive grains such as colloidal silica.
- the polishing liquid described in Patent Document 8 contains hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol as water-soluble polymers, and shows that LPD improves as the concentration of sodium ions and acetate ions decreases.
- the addition amount of the water-soluble polymer shown in the examples is 0.002% by mass or less, when the polishing liquid described in Patent Document 8 is used, defects other than LPD (for example, irregularities on the substrate surface) Effects such as reduction are considered to be insufficient.
- the polishing process of the semiconductor substrate is divided into a plurality of processes to reduce the processing time, improve the efficiency and improve the quality.
- the purpose of each polishing process is different, and the polishing process is used in each polishing process.
- the characteristics of the polishing liquid are also different.
- the purpose is to eliminate relatively large irregularities generated in the lapping process or the like, and to remove the damaged semiconductor substrate portion, so a high polishing rate is required.
- the major objectives are a high level smoothing of the surface that could not be achieved by the rough polishing and the reduction of defects in the semiconductor substrate.
- polishing liquids When polishing a material for forming a semiconductor substrate such as silicon, it is effective to increase the pH of the polishing liquid in order to increase the polishing rate.
- polishing liquids often vary in their polishing characteristics. That is, although the polishing liquid has the same composition, polishing characteristics such as polishing rate, scratches, flatness, and in-plane uniformity may not be stable.
- polishing liquid with an increased amount of abrasive particles when used, there are problems of generation of scratches due to abrasive grains and an increase in cost in disposal processing.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor substrate polishing liquid and semiconductor capable of reducing the processing time of a semiconductor substrate, facilitating process management, and processing a semiconductor substrate with uniform quality by high-speed and stable polishing.
- a semiconductor substrate polishing method using a substrate polishing liquid is provided.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate and a polishing method for the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate capable of polishing the surface of a semiconductor substrate to a smooth surface with few irregularities and having few defects. There is.
- the third object of the present invention is to provide a polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate and a polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate capable of polishing the surface of a semiconductor substrate into a smooth surface with few irregularities with a practical polishing rate and a small polishing amount.
- a polishing method is provided.
- the present inventors have found that when silica (SiO 2 ) is used for the abrasive particles, the pH of the polishing liquid decreases with time, and the polishing rate can decrease. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that by using a predetermined additive together with silica, the pH and polishing rate can be controlled, and the roughness of the substrate surface after polishing can be reduced, leading to the present invention.
- silica SiO 2
- the first polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole, and a basic compound, and the basic compound is a nitrogen-containing basic compound or an inorganic basic compound.
- the basic compound content is 0.1% by mass or more, and the pH is 9 or more and 12 or less.
- a semiconductor substrate made of a material typified by silicon or the like can be polished at high speed.
- the decrease in pH of the polishing liquid during storage and use can be suppressed, the decrease and fluctuation in the polishing rate can be extremely reduced.
- the basic compound acts as a solubilizer for obtaining a polishing rate. And there exists a tendency for polishing rate to become high, so that there is much addition amount of the basic compound in the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrates.
- the content of the basic compound is preferably 0.15% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.2% by mass or more. Further, from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration in surface roughness due to an increase in etching and depolymerization of silica, the content of the basic compound is preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the nitrogen-containing basic compound preferably contains ammonium hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
- the inorganic basic compound preferably contains potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. These basic compounds are excellent in that they have a low odor.
- the second polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention contains a modified silica whose surface is modified with aluminate and an inorganic basic compound, and the content of the modified silica is 0.01% by mass or more. 5 mass% or less, and pH is 9 or more and 12 or less.
- a semiconductor substrate made of a material typified by silicon or the like can be polished at a high speed. Therefore, in the present invention, the processing time of the semiconductor substrate can be reduced.
- the primary particle diameter of the modified silica is preferably 7 to 50 nm.
- the primary particle diameter of the modified silica is 7 nm or more, a practical polishing rate can be easily obtained. Moreover, it becomes easy to suppress generation
- the inorganic basic compound preferably contains potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
- the inorganic basic compound acts as a solubilizer for obtaining a polishing rate. And there exists a tendency for polishing rate to become high, so that there is much addition amount of the inorganic basic compound in the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrates.
- the surface potential of the modified silica is maximized by the combination of the modified silica and the inorganic basic compound, so that the polishing rate can be increased.
- potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide is excellent in terms of low odor.
- the second invention preferably further contains 1,2,4-triazole.
- the present invention is a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate for forming a through silicon via, the step of forming an uneven portion on one surface of the silicon substrate, A step of embedding metal, a step of back grinding the other surface of the silicon substrate, and a polishing step of polishing the other surface so that the metal is exposed using the first or second polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate.
- a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate comprising:
- the silicon damage layer after back grinding which is generated in the process of forming the through silicon via, can be sufficiently flattened while maintaining a good polishing rate.
- the present invention includes a step of lapping or grinding a silicon wafer obtained by slicing a silicon single crystal ingot, and then etching the silicon wafer to prepare a rough wafer. And a rough polishing step of polishing a rough wafer using the first or second semiconductor substrate polishing liquid.
- finish polishing the final polishing process for finishing a silicon wafer as a product
- polishing process performed as a pre-stage of final polishing is referred to as “rough polishing”.
- Such a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate makes it possible to polish the surface of the semiconductor substrate at high speed.
- the present invention further relates to a semiconductor substrate polishing method for reuse, the step of performing wet etching on a silicon wafer to which deposits have adhered, and the first or second method.
- a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate comprising: a rough polishing step for polishing a wet-etched silicon wafer using a semiconductor substrate polishing liquid.
- the third polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention contains polishing particles, 1,2,4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer, and a basic compound, and has a pH of 9 or more and 12 or less.
- the third invention it is possible to polish the surface of a semiconductor substrate made of a material typified by silicon or the like into a smooth surface with few irregularities.
- content of water-soluble polymer is 0.001 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrates.
- content of 1,2,4-triazole is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate.
- the surface of the semiconductor substrate can be more reliably polished to a smooth surface with less irregularities.
- a fourth polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer, and a basic compound, and contains 1,2,4-triazole.
- the amount is 0.05% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less based on the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate, and the content of the water-soluble polymer is based on the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate. 0.001 mass% or more and 0.1 mass% or less, and pH is 9 or more and 12 or less.
- the present invention includes a step of preparing a rough wafer by etching a silicon wafer after wrapping or grinding a silicon wafer obtained by slicing a silicon single crystal ingot;
- a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate comprising: a polishing step for polishing a rough wafer; and a final polishing step for further polishing the silicon wafer after the rough polishing step using a third or fourth polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate.
- the present invention relates to a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate for reuse.
- the method includes wet etching a silicon wafer to which deposits have adhered, and a wet-etched silicon wafer.
- a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate comprising: a rough polishing step for polishing; and a final polishing step for further polishing a silicon wafer after the rough polishing step using a third or fourth polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate.
- a fifth polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer, and a basic compound, and contains 1,2,4-triazole.
- the amount is 0.2% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less based on the total mass of the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid, and the content of the water-soluble polymer is based on the total mass of the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid. 0.01 mass% or more and 0.2 mass% or less, and pH is 9 or more and 12 or less.
- the present invention is a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate for reuse.
- the method includes wet etching a silicon wafer to which deposits adhere, and then grinding the silicon wafer.
- a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate comprising: a step of preparing a rough wafer; and a rough polishing step of polishing the rough wafer using a third or fifth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid.
- the present invention is a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate for forming a through silicon via, the step of forming a recess in one surface of the silicon substrate, and a metal in the recess A step of embedding, a step of back grinding the other surface of the silicon substrate, and a polishing step of polishing the other surface using a third or fifth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid so that the metal is exposed.
- a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate is provided.
- the polishing amount of the rough wafer is L (nm)
- the initial step of the rough wafer is R t0 (nm)
- the step of the rough wafer after the rough polishing is R t1 (nm).
- L (nm) satisfying R t0 ⁇ L ⁇ R t0 ⁇ 1.3 that is, polished by a polishing amount not more than 1.3 times the initial step
- L / ( R t0 ⁇ R t1 ) ⁇ 1.3 and R t1 ⁇ 100 (nm) are preferably satisfied.
- the final polishing amount may be more than the above-mentioned range (R t0 ⁇ L ⁇ R t0 ⁇ 1.3).
- the method may further include a final polishing step of polishing the rough wafer after the rough polishing step using a polishing liquid.
- a polishing liquid preferably contains 4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer, and a basic compound, and has a pH of 9 or more and 12 or less.
- the semiconductor wafer may further include a final polishing step of polishing the rough wafer after the rough polishing step using a polishing liquid.
- a polishing liquid contains 4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer, and a basic compound, and the content of 1,2,4-triazole is not less than 0.05% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate.
- the content of the water-soluble polymer is 0.001 mass% or more and 0.1 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate, and the pH is 9 or more and 12 or less. It is preferable that As a result, the surface of the semiconductor substrate can be finished and polished more reliably to a smooth surface with less irregularities and less defects.
- the water-soluble polymer is preferably a nonionic polymer.
- the nonionic polymer is preferably at least one selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers.
- the water-soluble polymer may be a mixture containing at least one selected from polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a polyvinyl pyrrolidone copolymer.
- the semiconductor substrate to be polished is preferably silicon or a substrate containing silicon in the substrate structure. That is, the present invention is particularly excellent in the polishing rate for silicon or a substrate containing silicon in the substrate structure.
- the surface of the semiconductor substrate is polished using the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention. According to such a polishing method, the surface of the semiconductor substrate can be polished to a smooth surface with few defects at a high speed.
- a polishing solution for a semiconductor substrate and a semiconductor substrate polishing solution that can reduce the processing time of a semiconductor substrate, facilitate process control, and process a semiconductor substrate with uniform quality by high-speed and stable polishing.
- a method for polishing a used semiconductor substrate can be provided.
- a polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate and a polishing method for the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate, which can polish the surface of a semiconductor substrate to a smooth surface with less irregularities and less defects.
- a polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate and a polishing method for a polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate capable of polishing the surface of a semiconductor substrate to a smooth surface with a small amount of polishing and less unevenness at a practical polishing rate.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the amount of change in pH of each polishing solution 24 hours after the preparation of each polishing solution of Examples 1 to 4 and the conventional examples (Comparative Examples 1 to 11).
- a graph showing the polishing rate immediately after the preparation of each polishing solution of Examples 1 to 4 and the conventional examples (Comparative Examples 1 to 11), and the polishing rate of each polishing solution 24 hours after the preparation of each polishing solution. is there. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the addition amount of the abrasive grain (silica) in each polishing liquid, and the variation
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the pH and polishing rate of polishing liquids of Examples 11 to 14 and conventional examples (Comparative Examples 21 to 24). It is a measurement result by the level
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the polishing amount L and the maximum height Rt in Example 45. 14 is a graph showing a relationship between a polishing amount L and a maximum height Rt in Comparative Example 43. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the grinding
- FIG. 16A is a flowchart showing a general process for reclaiming a silicon wafer
- FIG. 16B is a process for regenerating a silicon wafer when the method for polishing a semiconductor substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention is used. It is the flowchart which showed the process. 6 is a graph showing the contents of 1,2,4-triazole and water-soluble polymer in third to fifth polishing liquids for semiconductor substrates.
- First polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole, and a basic compound, the basic compound is a nitrogen-containing basic compound or an inorganic basic compound, and the basic compound
- the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid having a content of 0.1% by mass or more and a pH of 9 or more and 12 or less will be described.
- the decrease in pH can be suppressed even in a high alkali region where the pH of the polishing liquid is 9 or more and 12 or less, it is possible to extremely reduce the decrease and fluctuation of the polishing rate over time, and at high speed. Polishing of the semiconductor substrate becomes possible.
- the lower limit of the pH of the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid is set to 9.0 or more.
- the pH is preferably 9.5 or more.
- the upper limit of the pH is 12.0, preferably 11.5 or less, more preferably 11.0 or less in order to sufficiently suppress the pH of the polishing liquid from being lowered during storage or use. preferable.
- the pH can be adjusted by, for example, the amount of 1,2,4-triazole and / or basic compound added.
- the pH of the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid can be measured with a pH meter (for example, Model pH81, manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation).
- the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate according to the first embodiment is that 1,2,4-triazole is used in combination with a basic compound.
- the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrates is not 1,2,4-triazole. It can be considered that one of the important factors for achieving the effects of the present invention is that the following items 1 and 2 are achieved by containing both the basic compound and the basic compound. [Item 1] The amount of basic compound added can be increased. [Item 2] The fluctuation of the pH of the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid over time can be reduced.
- the basic compound acts as a solubilizer for the semiconductor substrate. Therefore, from the viewpoint of obtaining a high polishing rate, it is preferable that the addition amount of the basic compound is large.
- the target value of the pH of the polishing liquid is set to 11 and potassium hydroxide is added as a basic compound, the pH of the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate will rise immediately.
- the pKa 1 of 1,2,4-triazole is as low as 2.2. An increase in the pH of the polishing liquid can be suppressed. For these reasons, it is possible to increase the amount of the basic compound by using 1,2,4-triazole in combination with the basic compound.
- 1,2,4-triazole Even if 1,2,4-triazole is contained alone in the polishing liquid, there is almost no effect of improving the polishing rate. In order to improve the polishing rate, it is important to use 1,2,4-triazole in combination with a basic compound that acts as a solubilizer.
- the basic compound can be increased by adding an acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid in place of 1,2,4-triazole.
- an acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid
- a sufficient polishing rate for silicon may not be obtained.
- the present inventors have found that the effect of suppressing the decrease in pH after blending is small.
- the pKa 1 of the imidazole compound is as high as 14.5, so the amount of basic compound acting as a solubilizer cannot be increased. Moreover, the effect which suppresses the fall of pH after a mixing
- the amount of 1,2,4-triazole added to the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate according to the first embodiment is such that the effect of suppressing the decrease in pH of the polishing liquid and improving the polishing speed can be sufficiently obtained.
- the content is preferably at least mass%, more preferably at least 0.25 mass%.
- the amount of 1,2,4-triazole added is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 7% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of easily preventing problems such as aggregation of abrasive particles. Most preferably, it is at most mass%.
- the aggregation of the abrasive particles cannot be generally attributed only to the addition amount of 1,2,4-triazole, but also to the particle size and addition amount of the abrasive particles.
- the basic compound contained in the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid according to the first embodiment is one or more nitrogen-containing basic compounds selected from ammonium hydroxide and tetramethylammonium hydroxide in terms of low odor, or One or more inorganic basic compounds selected from potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are preferred. These can be used alone or in combination.
- silica As the abrasive particles contained in the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid, it is preferable to use silica as the abrasive particles contained in the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid. This makes it easy to obtain a high polishing rate.
- silica known ones can be widely used. Specific examples include fumed silica, colloidal silica, and precipitated silica. Among these, fumed silica or colloidal silica is preferable in that high-purity ones can be easily obtained, and colloidal silica is more preferable in that dispersion defects in water and polishing defects such as scratches are unlikely to occur.
- Silica may be used in combination with other abrasive particles as necessary. Specific examples of other abrasive particles that can be used in combination with silica include alumina, ceria, titania, zirconia, and organic polymers.
- the primary particle diameter of silica is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 7 nm or more, and particularly preferably 9 nm or more in that a practical polishing rate can be obtained. Further, the primary particle diameter of silica is preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less, particularly preferably 50 nm or less, and 40 nm in that it is easy to suppress the occurrence of polishing defects such as scratches. Very preferably, When the primary particle diameter of silica is within the above range, the polishing speed is most improved by the combination of the polishing acceleration effect due to the mechanical action depending on the particle size and the polishing acceleration effect due to the increase in the number of particles accompanying the reduction in the particle size. I think that.
- D1 represents a temporary particle diameter (unit: m)
- ⁇ represents a particle density (unit: kg / m 3 )
- V represents a BET specific surface area (unit: m 2 / g).
- the abrasive grains are first dried with a vacuum freeze dryer, and the residue is finely crushed with a mortar (magnetic, 100 ml) to obtain a measurement sample, which is measured by BET specific surface area manufactured by Yuasa Ionics Co., Ltd.
- the BET specific surface area V is measured using an apparatus (product name: Autosorb 6), and the primary particle diameter D1 is calculated.
- the addition amount of the abrasive particles is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, based on the entire polishing liquid. More preferably, it is 0.1 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less.
- the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid of the first embodiment can be stored in a concentrated form in which the component concentration is increased in advance.
- the polishing liquid in a concentrated form may be diluted to the original component concentration with water or the like.
- the effect of suppressing the decrease in pH after the blending of the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid can be obtained regardless of the amount of silica added. Further, in the first embodiment, since the addition amount of the basic compound as the dissolving agent can be increased while keeping the pH of the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid within a predetermined range, the chemical action contributing to polishing can be strengthened. As a result, it is considered that a high polishing rate can be obtained even if the addition amount of silica as abrasive particles is reduced.
- a good polishing rate for silicon was obtained by using 1,2,4-triazole in combination with a basic substance (whether organic or inorganic).
- a good polishing rate for silicon can also be obtained by using modified silica whose surface is modified by aluminate as particles and using this in combination with an inorganic basic substance.
- the modified silica whose surface is modified with aluminate and an inorganic basic compound are contained, and the content of the modified silica is 0.01% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less.
- a polishing liquid for semiconductor substrates having a pH of 9 or more and 12 or less is provided.
- the surface potential of the modified silica (abrasive particles) becomes the largest, so that the polishing rate can be increased.
- Modified silica The modification of the silica surface with aluminate can be performed using, for example, an aluminum compound such as potassium aluminate [(AlO (OH) 2 K]. By adding potassium aluminate therein and refluxing at 60 ° C. or higher, silanol groups on the silica surface are converted into —Si—O—Al (OH) 2 groups that are more easily ionized.
- an aluminum compound such as potassium aluminate [(AlO (OH) 2 K].
- modified silica for example, fumed silica, colloidal silica, precipitated silica or the like whose surface is modified by aluminate can be used.
- modified fumed silica or modified colloidal silica is preferable in that high-purity silica is easily obtained, and modified colloidal silica is most preferable in terms of dispersion stability in water and difficulty in generating polishing defects such as scratches.
- the modified silica may be used in combination with other abrasive particles as necessary. Specific examples of other abrasive particles that can be used in combination with the modified silica include alumina, ceria, titania, zirconia, and organic polymers.
- the surface potential of the modified silica refers to the zeta potential of the modified silica measured with a zeta potential measuring device.
- the value of the zeta potential reflects the surface state of the modified silica. In the high alkaline region, the modified silica exhibits a negative zeta potential.
- a compound for example, organic amines
- the present inventors consider that when a compound that cancels the potential is present on the surface of the modified silica, the mechanical polishing action of the modified silica is buffered and the original polishing power cannot be exhibited.
- the polishing rate is obtained by suppressing the depolymerization of silica that occurs in the region where the pH of the polishing liquid is 10.5 or more.
- the effect of the present invention is the conventional technique described in Patent Document 4. It is different from technology.
- the combined use of the modified silica modified by aluminate and the inorganic basic compound demonstrates the inherent polishing power of the modified silica (abrasive particles). It is possible to obtain a high polishing rate.
- the addition amount of the modified silica modified by aluminate is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less, and 0.05% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass with respect to the entire polishing liquid.
- it is more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less.
- it is easy to obtain a sufficient polishing rate by setting the amount of the modified silica added to 0.01% by mass or more. Further, in the present invention, a sufficient polishing rate can be obtained even if the amount of the modified silica added is small and 1.5% by mass or less.
- the primary particle diameter of the modified silica is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 7 nm or more, and particularly preferably 9 nm or more in that a practical polishing rate can be obtained.
- the primary particle diameter of the modified silica is preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less, and particularly preferably 50 nm or less, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the occurrence of polishing defects such as scratches. It is very preferable that it is 40 nm or less.
- the polishing rate is the highest due to the combination of the polishing promoting effect due to the mechanical action depending on the particle size and the polishing promoting effect due to the increase in the number of particles accompanying the reduction in particle size. It is thought to improve.
- the primary particle diameter of the modified silica can be measured in the same manner as the primary particle diameter of silica in the first semiconductor substrate polishing liquid.
- the inorganic basic compound acts as a solubilizer for obtaining a polishing rate and maximizes the surface potential of the modified silica (abrasive particles), so that the polishing rate can be increased.
- the inorganic basic compound is preferably at least one selected from potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide in terms of low odor. These can be used alone or in combination. From the viewpoint of obtaining a high polishing rate, the larger the amount of the inorganic basic compound added, the better. Therefore, it is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and 0.07% by mass or more. Is more preferable.
- the content of the inorganic basic compound is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or less. Particularly preferred.
- 1,2,4-triazole is not an essential component, but in order to obtain a higher polishing rate for silicon, it is preferable to further include 1,2,4-triazole.
- the polishing rate can be easily improved, and the decrease and fluctuation of the polishing rate over time can be further reduced.
- high-speed and stable polishing makes it possible to reduce the processing time of the semiconductor substrate, facilitate process management, and more reliably process a semiconductor substrate with uniform quality.
- the amount of 1,2,4-triazole added to the second semiconductor substrate polishing liquid is preferably in the same range as the amount added in the first semiconductor substrate polishing liquid.
- a third polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate will be described as an embodiment of the third invention.
- the 1st and 2nd polishing liquid for semiconductor substrates it abbreviate
- the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate of the third embodiment contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer, and a basic compound, and has a pH of 9 or more and 12 or less.
- the inclusion of 1,2,4-triazole can suppress a decrease in pH even in a high alkaline region where the pH of the polishing liquid is 9 or more and 12 or less.
- the decrease and fluctuation in speed are extremely reduced, and stable polishing of the semiconductor substrate becomes possible.
- the surface of the semiconductor substrate can be polished to a smooth surface with less unevenness by reducing the unevenness of the substrate surface with the water-soluble polymer and 1,2,4-triazole.
- the content of 1,2,4-triazole is 0.001% by mass or more to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate. It is preferable that it is below mass%.
- water-soluble polymer examples include alginic acid, pectic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, agar, xanthan gum, chitosan, methyl glycol chitosan, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxy Polysaccharides such as propylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, cardran and pullulan; polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, polylysine, polymalic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid ammonium salt, polymethacrylic acid sodium salt, polyamic acid, polymaleic acid, Polyitaconic acid, polyfumaric acid, poly (p-styrenecarboxylic acid), polyvinyl sulfate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, aminopolyacrylamide, polyacryl Ammonium salt, polyacrylic acid sodium salt, polya
- polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose, agar, xanthan gum, chitosan, methyl glycol chitosan, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, cardan and pullulan, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, Nonionic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyacrolein, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, and ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block copolymers are preferred, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone and copolymers thereof are more preferred. preferable.
- said water-soluble polymer (water-soluble polymer) can be used individually or even if it mixes multiple types. Moreover, when mixing and using multiple types among said water-soluble polymer, it is preferable that the mixture contains at least 1 type chosen from polyvinylpyrrolidone and its copolymer.
- the present inventors consider that the reduction in irregularities on the surface of the semiconductor substrate in the present invention is caused by the adsorption of the water-soluble polymer to the surface of the semiconductor substrate due to the hydrophobic interaction between the semiconductor substrate and the hydrophobic portion of the water-soluble polymer. That is, the water-soluble polymer adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate is adsorbed on the irregularities on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the water-soluble polymer on the convex portions is more easily removed than the concave portions by the polishing pad or polishing particles. It is considered that a smooth surface is formed by promoting the above. Therefore, when a nonionic water-soluble polymer having no ionic group is used as the water-soluble polymer, the effect of reducing unevenness becomes remarkable.
- the amount of the water-soluble polymer added is preferably 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass and more preferably 0.01% by mass to 1% by mass with respect to the polishing liquid.
- the addition amount of the water-soluble polymer 0.001% by mass or more the effect of reducing the unevenness tends to increase.
- the addition amount of the water-soluble polymer 10% by mass or less it becomes easy to prevent the increase in the viscosity of the polishing liquid and the decrease in fluidity due to the increase in the viscosity due to the addition of the water-soluble polymer. It will be easier to prevent.
- the 1,2,4-triazole contained in the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention is inferior to a water-soluble polymer, but has an effect of reducing irregularities on the substrate surface. Therefore, in the present invention, the combined use of 1,2,4-triazole and a water-soluble polymer makes it possible to polish the surface of the semiconductor substrate to a smooth surface with few irregularities at a high polishing rate.
- a fourth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid will be described as an embodiment of the fourth invention.
- the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd polishing liquid for semiconductor substrates it abbreviate
- the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate of the fourth embodiment contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer, and a basic compound, and the amount of 1,2,4-triazole added Is 0.05 mass% or more and 0.5 mass% or less, the addition amount of water-soluble polymer is 0.001 mass% or more and 0.1 mass% or less, and pH is 9 or more and 12 or less.
- the fourth embodiment is particularly suitable for finish polishing in a semiconductor wafer manufacturing process. That is, the unevenness existing on the silicon substrate is eliminated rather than the polishing rate with respect to the silicon substrate, the foreign matters remaining on the silicon substrate (such as abrasive particles and abrasion powder generated by abrasion of the polishing pad), and the semiconductor substrate This polishing liquid focuses on reducing crystal defects.
- the pH is 9 or more, and more preferably 9.5 or more, from the viewpoint of reducing defects caused by foreign matters adhering to the silicon substrate surface. Moreover, from a viewpoint of suppressing generation
- the amount of 1,2,4-triazole added is 0.05% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less.
- the pH stability of 1,2,4-triazole the point that an effect of improving the polishing rate by increasing the amount of the basic compound as a solubilizing agent is easily obtained, and haze (HAZE: turbidity) as an index of the roughness of the wafer surface
- the addition amount is 0.05% by mass or more, and preferably 0.1% by mass or more.
- the addition amount is 0.5% by mass or less, and 0.4% by mass or less is more preferable in that haze improvement effect corresponding to the addition amount is not obtained, and aggregation of abrasive particles can be further suppressed.
- 0.3 mass% or less is especially preferable.
- the amount of the water-soluble polymer (water-soluble polymer) added is in the range of 0.001% by mass to 0.1% by mass.
- the addition amount is 0.001% by mass or more, preferably 0.003% by mass or more, and preferably 0.005% by mass or more in that the effect of reducing defects on the surface of the silicon substrate is sufficiently obtained. Is more preferable, and 0.01% by mass or more is particularly preferable.
- the addition amount is 0.1% by mass or less, preferably 0.08% by mass or less, preferably 0.07% by mass in terms of suppressing the occurrence of defects such as polishing inhibition, increase in defects, and haze improvement.
- the defect on the silicon substrate is used as a general term for foreign matters such as abrasion particles generated by abrasion of abrasive particles and polishing pads, crystal defects and scratches generated on the silicon substrate, and the like.
- the reduction of defects due to the addition of water-soluble polymers prevents foreign particles such as abrasive particles and abrasion powder generated by abrasion of polishing pads from adhering to the surface of the semiconductor substrate. It can be obtained by suppressing the occurrence of etching in a specific direction due to dangling bonds (unbonded limbs) and COP (Cristal Oriented Particles) on the substrate surface.
- the values of haze and defects are determined by cleaning the surface of the silicon substrate after polishing (for example, cleaning with a general cleaning brush for 60 seconds with a cleaning solution containing 0.06% ammonium hydroxide), and then commercially available. It can be measured using a defect inspection apparatus.
- values measured under the following conditions can be defined as haze and defects.
- Defect inspection system LS6700 (manufactured by Hitachi Electronics Engineering) Process condition file (measurement recipe): VeM10L Defect measurement range: 0.1 ⁇ m-3.0 ⁇ m Projection condition: Vertical
- the fourth embodiment focuses on eliminating minute irregularities on the silicon substrate and reducing defects rather than the polishing rate for the silicon substrate, as in the case of finish polishing in the manufacturing process of a semiconductor wafer. I put it. Therefore, the addition amount of the abrasive particles is preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the entire polishing liquid. If it is 0.05% by mass or more, unevenness can be eliminated, and if it is 0.5% by mass or less, the silicon substrate can be prevented from being excessively polished.
- the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate of the fifth embodiment contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer and a basic compound, and the amount of 1,2,4-triazole added is 0.00. 2% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, the addition amount of the water-soluble polymer is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.2% by mass or less, and the pH is 9 or more and 12 or less.
- a polishing liquid contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer and a basic compound, and the amount of 1,2,4-triazole added is 0.00. 2% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, the addition amount of the water-soluble polymer is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.2% by mass or less, and the pH is 9 or more and 12 or less.
- a polishing liquid contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer and a basic compound, and the amount of 1,2,
- the pH is 9 or more, more preferably 9.5 or more, and even more preferably 10.0 or more. Further, from the viewpoint of suppressing defects caused by excessive etching, the pH is 12 or less, and preferably 11 or less.
- the amount of 1,2,4-triazole added is larger than that of the fourth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid, and the amount of the water-soluble polymer added is larger.
- the polishing amount of the rough wafer is L (nm)
- the initial step of the rough wafer is R t0 (nm)
- the step of the rough wafer after the rough polishing is R t1 (nm).
- L (nm) satisfying R t0 ⁇ L ⁇ R t0 ⁇ 1.3 that is, polished by a polishing amount not more than 1.3 times the initial step
- L / ( R t0 ⁇ R t1 ) ⁇ 1.3 and R t1 ⁇ 100 (nm) are preferably satisfied.
- the final polishing amount may be more than the above-mentioned range (R t0 ⁇ L ⁇ R t0 ⁇ 1.3).
- the polishing amount L means the thickness of the portion removed from the rough wafer by polishing.
- the initial level difference R t0 is the maximum value of the height difference between the convex and concave portions of the rough wafer surface before rough polishing.
- the level difference R t1 of the roughly polished rough wafer is the maximum value of the height difference between the convex and concave portions of the rough polished rough wafer surface.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the contents of 1,2,4-triazole and water-soluble polymer in the third to fifth semiconductor substrate polishing liquids.
- the content of 1,2,4-triazole is 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid.
- the content of the water-soluble polymer is preferably 0.001% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less (preferable range of the third polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate in FIG. 17).
- the content of 1,2,4-triazole is 0.05% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate.
- the content of the water-soluble polymer is 0.001% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less. Furthermore, in the fifth polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate, the content of 1,2,4-triazole is 0.2% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate. Yes, the content of the water-soluble polymer is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.2% by mass or less.
- ⁇ Semiconductor substrate polishing method> a polishing method for polishing the surface of the semiconductor substrate using the first to fifth semiconductor substrate polishing liquids described so far will be described.
- the polishing method for example, while supplying the polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate of the present embodiment onto the polishing cloth of the polishing surface plate, the polishing surface plate is pressed against the polishing substrate (semiconductor substrate) against the polishing cloth. The surface of the semiconductor substrate is polished by relatively moving the substrate to be polished.
- a polishing platen on which a holder that holds a substrate to be polished and a motor that can attach a polishing cloth (pad) and can change the number of rotations are attached.
- a general polishing apparatus having the following can be used. There is no restriction
- polishing cloth and the substrate to be polished while the semiconductor substrate is pressed against the polishing cloth specifically, at least one of the substrate and the polishing surface plate may be moved. In addition to rotating the polishing surface plate, polishing may be performed by rotating or swinging the holder.
- examples of the polishing method include a polishing method in which a polishing platen is rotated on a planetary surface, and a polishing method in which a belt-shaped polishing cloth is moved linearly in one direction in the longitudinal direction.
- the holder may be in any state of being fixed, rotating and swinging.
- the first and second semiconductor substrate polishing liquids of the present embodiment have excellent polishing characteristics when a silicon or a substrate containing silicon in the substrate structure is polished using the above polishing method. In particular, the polishing rate for silicon or a substrate containing silicon in the substrate structure is excellent.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the through silicon via forming process.
- a semiconductor substrate 1 made of silicon or the like is formed with unevenness for through vias, and a metal 2 for wiring such as copper is formed so as to fill the unevenness.
- the reverse surface (back surface) of the surface on which the unevenness of the semiconductor substrate 1 is formed is back-ground by a known method.
- the silicon damage layer 3 that is mechanically damaged is generated on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 as shown in FIG.
- the silicon damage layer 3 and the semiconductor substrate 1 are polished using the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid of this embodiment, and polished until the wiring metal 2 is exposed on the back surface, as shown in FIG.
- Such a through silicon via is formed.
- the method for polishing a semiconductor substrate using the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid of this embodiment is good even for a semiconductor substrate with irregularities on the surface. A high polishing rate. Therefore, the semiconductor substrate polishing method using the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid of this embodiment can be used in various applications for polishing a semiconductor substrate.
- this embodiment is a method of polishing a semiconductor substrate for forming a through silicon via, which includes a step of forming a recess in one surface of the silicon substrate, a step of embedding a metal in the recess, and the other of the silicon substrate.
- a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate comprising: a step of back grinding a surface; and a polishing step of polishing the other surface using a first or second polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate so that the metal is exposed.
- the third or fourth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid can also be applied when final polishing is applied at the final stage.
- FIG. 14 is a flow of a general silicon wafer processing technique.
- a silicon wafer is processed into a wafer shape through a process including a process of slicing a single crystal of silicon (slicing), a lapping process or a grinding process, and an etching process. Since the lapping process or the grinding process is mechanically ground, the silicon crystal may be damaged such as crystal defects. Therefore, in the subsequent etching process, it is common to eliminate such damage and to some extent unevenness on the surface.
- FIG. 15 shows a two-step rough polishing (rough cutting) process from (a) to (b) and (b) to (c) and a final polishing (final polishing) process from (c) to (d).
- this polishing process varies depending on the wafer manufacturer and the grade of the wafer, and there are cases where the polishing process is performed in more stages.
- the rough polishing is performed by sequentially changing the hardness of the polishing cloth to be used from a hard one to a soft one, and gradually eliminates unevenness and damage while reducing the film thickness.
- the polishing rate for silicon is hardly required, and without causing new defects, the abrasive particles adhering during rough polishing are removed, or minute irregularities are eliminated. This is a polishing process intended to make a mirror surface.
- the first and second semiconductor substrate polishing liquids are suitable for the above-described rough polishing. That is, in the present embodiment, after wrapping or grinding a silicon wafer obtained by slicing a silicon single crystal ingot, the silicon wafer is etched to prepare a rough wafer, and the first or second semiconductor And a rough polishing step of polishing a rough wafer using a substrate polishing liquid.
- the first and second semiconductor substrate polishing liquids can be suitably used in a method for polishing a recycled wafer by utilizing a high polishing rate for silicon.
- a method for polishing the recycled wafer will be described.
- test wafers for process tests.
- test wafers include those obtained by forming various films such as an insulating film and a metal film on a flat silicon substrate.
- the purpose of manufacturing these test wafers is to examine the optimum conditions for depositing various films on a silicon substrate, to examine the optimum conditions for applying and exposing a resist film on a silicon substrate,
- it is widely used, for example, when evaluating polishing characteristics of a polishing liquid for various films formed on a silicon substrate.
- test wafers are reprocessed to be used again as test wafers.
- the regeneration treatment generally, deposits such as the above-mentioned various films are removed by wet etching, and a flat wafer is obtained again through rough polishing and finish polishing steps.
- the test wafer may have a large scratch before being subjected to the regeneration process, or may form irregularities during evaluation. In this case, it is common that a flat wafer is obtained again by removing scratches and irregularities by grinding and rough polishing and finish polishing.
- the first and second semiconductor substrate polishing liquids of the present invention can be suitably used for rough polishing of such recycled wafers. That is, this embodiment is a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate for reuse, using a step of wet-etching a silicon wafer to which deposits adhere, and a first or second polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate, And a rough polishing step for polishing a wet-etched silicon wafer.
- the surface of the silicon substrate to be reused may have a mechanical grinding step before the step of polishing using the first or second polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate. preferable.
- the third semiconductor substrate polishing liquid contains abrasive particles, 1,2,4-triazole and a basic compound, and has a pH of 9 or more and 12 or less.
- a water-soluble polymer By incorporating a water-soluble polymer into the polishing liquid, the irregularities on the silicon surface can be eliminated.
- the addition amount of 1,2,4-triazole and water-soluble polymer is optimized in order to adjust the polishing speed or change the target size of unevenness to be eliminated.
- the fourth polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate can be obtained by controlling the pH and the like as necessary.
- the third and fourth semiconductor substrate polishing liquids eliminate the unevenness existing on the silicon substrate and the foreign matters remaining on the silicon substrate (due to abrasion of polishing particles and polishing pads) rather than the polishing rate for silicon. It is a polishing liquid with an emphasis on removing generated abrasion powder and the like, and is particularly suitable for use in finish polishing in the manufacturing process of silicon wafers.
- the silicon wafer after wrapping or grinding a silicon wafer obtained by slicing a silicon single crystal ingot, the silicon wafer is etched to prepare a rough wafer, and the rough polishing is performed to polish the rough wafer.
- a semiconductor substrate polishing method comprising: a step and a final polishing step of further polishing the silicon wafer after the rough polishing step using a third or fourth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid.
- the first or second semiconductor substrate polishing liquid may be used.
- this embodiment is a method of polishing a semiconductor substrate for reuse, and includes a step of wet-etching a silicon wafer to which deposits are attached, a rough polishing step of polishing a wet-etched silicon wafer, And a final polishing step of further polishing the silicon wafer after the rough polishing step using the third or fourth polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate.
- the first or second semiconductor substrate polishing liquid may be used.
- the surface of the silicon substrate to be reused may have a mechanical grinding step before the step of polishing with the third or fourth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid. preferable.
- the polishing pad is preferably soft to some extent.
- a polishing pad having a hardness (Asker C hardness) measured by an Asker rubber hardness meter C type is preferably less than 60 degrees.
- the fifth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid has a certain polishing rate for silicon while eliminating surface irregularities as compared to the fourth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid. It is obtained. This makes it possible to preferentially polish the convex portions of the semiconductor substrate having relatively large irregularities.
- a third semiconductor substrate polishing liquid may be used instead of the fifth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid.
- FIG. 16A shows a general process flow for regenerating a silicon wafer.
- the silicon wafer collected for reuse is subjected to acceptance inspection, and then becomes a rough wafer through a wet etching process for removing deposits and a grinding process for eliminating relatively large unevenness. After washing this rough wafer by a predetermined method, it is roughly polished in multiple stages (primary polishing, secondary polishing ...) in the rough polishing process, and further through a final polishing process and a cleaning process, Shipped as a recycled wafer.
- this embodiment is a method for polishing a semiconductor substrate for reuse, and after wet etching a silicon wafer to which deposits are attached, grinding the silicon wafer to prepare a rough wafer; and And a rough polishing step of polishing a rough wafer using a fifth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid.
- the rough polishing that has been conventionally performed in several steps can be performed in one step (see FIG. 16B).
- the margin can be reduced. Thereby, the effect that the frequency
- the polishing amount of the rough wafer is L (nm)
- the initial step of the rough wafer is R t0 (nm)
- the step of the rough wafer after the rough polishing is R t1 (nm).
- L (nm) satisfying R t0 ⁇ L ⁇ R t0 ⁇ 1.3 that is, polished by a polishing amount not more than 1.3 times the initial step
- L / ( R t0 ⁇ R t1 ) ⁇ 1.3 and R t1 ⁇ 100 (nm) are preferably satisfied.
- the final polishing amount may be more than the above-mentioned range (R t0 ⁇ L ⁇ R t0 ⁇ 1.3).
- the method may further include a final polishing step of polishing the rough wafer after the rough polishing step using a polishing liquid.
- a polishing liquid preferably contains 4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer, and a basic compound, and has a pH of 9 or more and 12 or less.
- the semiconductor wafer may further include a final polishing step of polishing the rough wafer after the rough polishing step using a polishing liquid.
- a polishing liquid contains 4-triazole, a water-soluble polymer, and a basic compound, and the content of 1,2,4-triazole is not less than 0.05% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate.
- the content of the water-soluble polymer is 0.001 mass% or more and 0.1 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate, and the pH is 9 or more and 12 or less. It is preferable that This makes it possible to finish and polish the surface of the semiconductor substrate at a high speed to a smooth surface with less unevenness more reliably.
- the fifth polishing liquid for a semiconductor substrate can also be suitably applied to the TSV back surface polishing method.
- the back surface of the TSV is not required to be as flat as the circuit surface (active surface). Therefore, after performing mechanical grinding in one stage, the TSV back surface polishing is performed using the fifth semiconductor substrate polishing liquid. As a result, a TSV substrate that can withstand practical use can be obtained.
- the backside polishing of TSV has undergone a plurality of stages of mechanical grinding before polishing, but according to the method of the present invention, the TSV manufacturing process can be greatly simplified.
- the polishing pad may have a certain degree of hardness in order to obtain a certain polishing rate for silicon while eliminating a certain degree of unevenness generated on the surface by grinding or the like.
- the hardness (Asker C hardness) measured with an Asker rubber hardness tester C type is preferably 60 degrees or more, more preferably 70 degrees or more, and still more preferably 80 degrees or more.
- a semiconductor wafer polishing method consisting of one step of rough polishing, or one step of rough polishing and one step of finish polishing.
- a method for polishing a semiconductor wafer is provided.
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, 1,2,4-triazole is dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, a basic compound is added thereto, and then a colloidal having a primary particle size of 35 nm. Silica was dispersed, and the remainder was mixed with pure water so that the total amount was 100% by mass.
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, 1,2,4-triazole was dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, a basic compound was added thereto, and then colloidal silica having a primary particle size of 17 nm. And the remainder was blended with pure water so that the total amount would be 100% by mass.
- immediately after blending means that it is less than one hour after the preparation (mixing) of the semiconductor polishing liquid is completed, and the term “after standing for one day” refers to the semiconductor polishing liquid described above. After completion of the adjustment (formulation), after standing for 24 to 25 hours, each means, and so on.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the pH of each semiconductor polishing liquid immediately after compounding.
- Table 1 shows the pH of each semiconductor polishing liquid after being allowed to stand for one day after blending, and the amount of change from the pH measured immediately after blending.
- Polishing condition 1 Polishing device: FACT-200 type polishing cloth manufactured by Nano Factor: IC-1010 manufactured by Nitta Haas Polishing platen rotation speed: 80rpm Holder rotation speed: No drive (free rotation) Polishing pressure: 33.83 kPa (345 gf / cm 2 ) Polishing liquid supply amount: 16 ml / min Polishing time: 5 minutes Semiconductor substrate (object to be polished): 2 cm square silicon wafer (P type ⁇ 100>)
- Polishing condition 2 Polishing equipment: MIRRA manufactured by Applied Materials Polishing cloth: Nitta Haas IC-1010 Polishing platen rotation speed: 93rpm Holder rotation speed: 87rpm Polishing pressure: 20.7 kPa Polishing liquid supply amount: 200 ml / min Polishing time: 3 minutes
- the semiconductor substrate was cleaned with a polyvinyl alcohol brush and ultrasonic water. After cleaning, the semiconductor substrate was dried with a spin dryer.
- the silicon wafer was polished by the above-described method using each of the semiconductor polishing liquids of Examples 1 to 10 immediately after compounding, and then the amount of decrease in the mass of the silicon wafer accompanying polishing was measured. Then, the polishing rate (unit: nm / min) was measured from the decrease in mass, wafer area, specific gravity of silicon, and polishing time. In addition, the electronic balance for analysis (AB104 made from METTLER) was used for the mass measurement of a silicon wafer. The measurement temperature was 25 ° C., and the measurement humidity was 40% RH or higher. The specific gravity of silicon was 2.33.
- Step / surface roughness / fine shape measuring device P16-OF manufactured by KLA Tencor Measurement mode: Roughness Measurement length: 200 ⁇ m Measurement speed: 5 ⁇ m / sec Measurement load: 1 mg
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of Examples 1 to 8, and Table 2 shows the evaluation results of Examples 9 and 10.
- the polishing rate was measured when each of the semiconductor polishing liquids of Comparative Examples 1 to 14 immediately after compounding was used. Further, the polishing rate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 when the semiconductor polishing liquids of Comparative Examples 1 to 14 were allowed to stand for one day. The measurement results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- Comparative Example 19 A semiconductor substrate polishing liquid of Comparative Example 19 was prepared by blending 1,2,4-triazole and colloidal silica as abrasive particles in the amounts shown in Table 5 according to the following procedure. In the preparation of the polishing liquid, 1% by mass of 1,2,4-triazole is dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, and colloidal silica having a primary particle size of 35 nm is dispersed therein, and the remainder is purified. It mix
- the polishing rate was measured when each of the semiconductor polishing liquids of Comparative Examples 15 to 19 immediately after compounding was used. Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, the polishing rate was measured when the semiconductor polishing liquids of Comparative Examples 15 to 19 after standing for one day were used. Table 5 shows the measurement results.
- Comparative Example 20 The basic compound shown in Table 6 below and colloidal silica as abrasive particles were blended in the addition amounts shown in Table 6 according to the following procedure to prepare a polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate of Comparative Example 20.
- a basic compound is added to pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, then colloidal silica having a primary particle size of 17 nm is dispersed, and the balance is 100% by mass with pure water. It mix
- the polishing liquid of Comparative Example 20 did not contain 1,2,4-triazole.
- Example 6 shows the measurement results and arithmetic average roughness.
- FIG. 1 shows the pH immediately after the blending of each of the polishing liquids of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11 and the amount of change in the pH of each polishing liquid after standing for one day.
- FIG. 2 shows the pH and polishing rate immediately after the blending of each of the polishing liquids of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11, and the pH and polishing speed of each polishing liquid after standing for one day.
- FIG. 3 the relationship between the addition amount of the abrasive grains (silica) in each polishing liquid of an Example and a comparative example, and the pH variation
- TA is an example containing 1,2,4-triazole
- other marks are comparative examples not containing 1,2,4-triazole.
- TMAH means containing tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- KOH means containing potassium hydroxide.
- the polishing liquids for semiconductor substrates of Examples 1 to 8 contain silica and 1,2,4-triazole and a basic compound (tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a nitrogen-containing basic compound, or inorganic). Potassium hydroxide) as a basic compound.
- the basic compound content is 0.1% by mass or more, and the pH is 9 or more and 12 or less.
- the pH immediately after compounding was not significantly different from the polishing rate immediately after compounding the polishing liquid and the polishing rate after standing for one day, as compared with Comparative Examples similar to the examples. It was also found that the amount of change in pH after standing for one day was extremely small. Therefore, it was found that the semiconductor substrate polishing liquid of the present invention can polish silicon at a high speed and the polishing speed is stable.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 5 contain tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a solubilizing agent as in Examples 1 to 6.
- the pH values of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are almost the same as those of Examples with the addition of a very small amount of tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
- the polishing rate is slower than in the Examples, the amount of change in pH immediately after blending the polishing liquid and after standing for one day is large, and the polishing rate after standing for one day also decreases. I understood it.
- Comparative Examples 6 to 14 contain potassium hydroxide as a solubilizer. Similar to the above-described comparative examples, the pH values of Comparative Examples 6 to 14 are almost the same as those of Examples with the addition of a very small amount of potassium hydroxide. In Comparative Examples 6 to 14, the polishing rate is slower than in the Examples, the amount of change in pH immediately after blending the polishing liquid and after standing for one day is large, and the polishing rate after standing for one day also decreases. I understood it. In Comparative Examples 6 to 14, the amount of change in pH after standing for one day tended to be larger than that of a polishing liquid using tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a solubilizer.
- Comparative Example 15 the same azole imidazole was added instead of 1,2,4-triazole.
- the pKa was as high as 14.5
- the same pH as in Example 3 was obtained with the addition of a very small amount of tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
- the polishing rate is slower than in Example 3, and the same azole system as 1,2,4-triazole is used, but the pH change immediately after blending the polishing liquid and after standing for one day. The amount was large, and it was found that the polishing rate after standing for one day also decreased.
- Comparative Example 16 the same azole-based 1,2,3-benzotriazole was added instead of 1,2,4-triazole.
- the pKa was 8.2
- the amount of tetramethylammonium hydroxide that could be added was larger than when 1,2,3-benzotriazole was not added.
- the polishing rate is slower than in Example 3, the amount of change in pH immediately after blending the polishing liquid and after standing for one day is large, and the polishing rate after standing for one day may also decrease. all right.
- Comparative Examples 17 and 18 an acid was added instead of 1,2,4-triazole.
- tetramethylammonium hydroxide could be added in a larger amount than in the case where malic acid was not added, and in a larger amount than in Example 3.
- the polishing rate was the same as in Example 3, but the amount of change in pH immediately after blending the polishing liquid and after standing for one day was large, and it was found that the polishing rate after standing for one day also decreased. It was.
- sulfuric acid was added potassium hydroxide could be added more than in the case where sulfuric acid was not added, and there were more amounts than in Example 7.
- the polishing rate is slower than in Example 7, the amount of change in pH immediately after blending the polishing liquid and after standing for one day is large, and the polishing rate after standing for one day may also decrease. all right.
- Comparative Example 19 is a polishing liquid containing 1,2,4-triazole alone. In Comparative Example 19, there was no change in pH and polishing rate immediately after blending of the polishing liquid and after standing for one day, but the polishing rate was as low as less than 200 nm / min, and 1,2,4-triazole alone was used for polishing. It was found that there was almost no effect of increasing the speed.
- polishing liquid for zeta potential measurement A basic compound (potassium hydroxide) was added to pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire semiconductor polishing liquid until the pH reached 9. Next, 0.5% by mass of modified colloidal silica whose surface was modified with aluminate was added as abrasive grains (abrasive particles), and then mixed with pure water to a total of 95% by mass. A basic compound (potassium hydroxide) was added to a pH of 11, and the remainder was blended with pure water so that the total amount was 100% by mass. In this way, a polishing liquid C for zeta potential measurement was prepared.
- the modified colloidal silica added to the polishing liquid C for measuring the zeta potential is obtained by adding potassium aluminate [(AlO (OH) 2 K] to the silica dispersion and refluxing at 60 ° C. or higher so that the silica surface
- the silanol group was obtained by making it a more easily ionized —Si—O—Al (OH) 2 group.
- the zeta potential measurement polishing liquids A, B, D, E, F, G, and H were prepared in the same manner as the zeta potential measurement polishing liquid C except that the abrasive grains and basic compounds shown in Table 7 were used. Each was prepared. In addition, all the abrasive grains shown in Table 7 were purchased from an abrasive manufacturer.
- Example 11 to 16 [Preparation of polishing liquid for semiconductor]
- the modified silica for alumina and the inorganic basic compound shown in Table 8 below were blended in the addition amounts shown in Table 8 according to the following procedures to prepare polishing liquids for semiconductors of Examples 11-16.
- the “modified silica with aluminate” shown in Table 8 is a modified colloidal silica modified with aluminate, and is the same as that added to the polishing liquid C for zeta potential measurement.
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, potassium hydroxide as an inorganic basic compound was added to pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid until the pH reached 9. Next, modified colloidal silica modified with aluminate was dispersed as abrasive grains, and blended with pure water to a total of 95% by mass. Furthermore, potassium hydroxide was added to a desired pH, and the remainder was blended with pure water so that the total amount was 100% by mass.
- Example 17 As shown in Table 8, 1% by mass of 1,2,4-triazole was dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, and potassium hydroxide was added thereto until the pH reached 9. . Next, modified colloidal silica modified with aluminate was dispersed as abrasive grains, and blended with pure water to a total of 95% by mass. Potassium hydroxide was added until the pH was 11, and the remainder was mixed with pure water so that the total amount was 100% by mass. Thus, the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrates of Example 17 was prepared.
- Polishing device FACT-200 type polishing cloth manufactured by Nano Factor: IC-1010 manufactured by Nitta Haas Polishing platen rotation speed: 80rpm Holder rotation speed: No drive (free rotation) Polishing pressure: 33.83 kPa (345 gf / cm 2 ) Polishing liquid supply amount: 16 ml / min Polishing time: 5 minutes
- the semiconductor substrate was cleaned with a polyvinyl alcohol brush and ultrasonic water. After cleaning, the semiconductor substrate was dried with a spin dryer.
- the silicon wafer was polished by the above-described method using each of the semiconductor polishing liquids of Examples 11 to 17 immediately after compounding, and then the amount of decrease in the mass of the silicon wafer accompanying polishing was measured. Then, the polishing rate (unit: nm / min) was measured from the decrease in mass, wafer area, specific gravity of silicon, and polishing time. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
- the electronic balance for analysis (AB104 made from METTLER) was used for the mass measurement of a silicon wafer. The measurement temperature was 25 ° C., and the measurement humidity was 40% RH or higher. The specific gravity of silicon was 2.33.
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, a basic compound was added to pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid until the pH reached 9. Next, unmodified colloidal silica was dispersed as abrasive grains and blended with pure water so that the total amount was 95% by mass. Furthermore, the basic compound was added to the desired pH, and the remainder was blended with pure water so that the total amount was 100% by mass.
- Comparative Example 28 As shown in Table 10, 1% by mass of 1,2,4-triazole was dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, and potassium hydroxide was added thereto until the pH reached 9. . Next, unmodified colloidal silica was dispersed as abrasive grains and blended with pure water so that the total amount was 95% by mass. Potassium hydroxide was added until the pH was 11, and the remainder was mixed with pure water so that the total amount was 100% by mass. Thus, the polishing liquid for semiconductor substrates of Comparative Example 28 was prepared.
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, a basic compound was added to pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid until the pH reached 9. Next, the modified modified colloidal silica was dispersed as abrasive grains, and blended with pure water to a total of 95% by mass. Further, a basic compound was added until the pH was 11, and the remainder was blended with pure water so that the total amount was 100% by mass.
- FIG. 6 shows the pH and polishing rate of each of the polishing liquids of Examples 11 to 14 and Comparative Examples 21 to 24.
- Example 17 was confirmed that the polishing rate of Example 17 was higher than that of Comparative Example 25, although the amount of added abrasive grains and the pH were smaller than Comparative Example 25.
- both Example 17 and Comparative Example 28 contain 1,2,4 triazole, and the polishing rate of Example 17 is comparative even though the primary particle diameter, addition amount and pH of both abrasive grains are equal. It was confirmed to be higher than Example 28.
- Example 18 to 24 [Preparation of polishing liquid for semiconductor] Abrasive particles, a water-soluble polymer (water-soluble polymer), 1,2,4-triazole, and a basic compound were blended in the addition amounts shown in Table 11 according to the following procedure, and each of Examples 18 to 24 was blended.
- a semiconductor polishing liquid was prepared.
- PVP_K15, PVP_K30, and PVP_K90 polyvinylpyrrolidone having different K values was used as a water-soluble polymer.
- the K value expressed as K15 or the like is a viscosity characteristic value correlated with the molecular weight, and is a relative viscosity value at 25 ° C. measured by a capillary viscometer.
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, 1,2,4-triazole and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, and a basic compound is added thereto until the pH reaches 9. Added. Next, 0.5% by mass of colloidal silica having a primary particle size of 17 nm was dispersed, and then mixed with pure water so that the total amount became 95% by mass. And a basic compound was added until it became desired pH, and it mix
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Polishing device FACT-200 type polishing cloth manufactured by Nano Factor: IC-1010 manufactured by Nitta Haas Polishing platen rotation speed: 80rpm Holder rotation speed: No drive (free rotation) Polishing pressure: 33.83 kPa (345 gf / cm 2 ) Polishing liquid supply amount: 16 ml / min Polishing time: 5 minutes
- the semiconductor substrate was cleaned with a polyvinyl alcohol brush and ultrasonic water. After cleaning, the semiconductor substrate was dried with a spin dryer.
- the silicon wafer was polished by the above-described method using each of the semiconductor polishing liquids of Examples 18 to 24 immediately after compounding, and then the amount of decrease in the mass of the silicon wafer accompanying polishing was measured. Then, the polishing rate (unit: nm / min) was calculated from the decrease in mass, the wafer area, the specific gravity of silicon, and the polishing time. Table 11 shows the calculation results.
- the electronic balance for analysis (AB104 made from METTLER) was used for the mass measurement of a silicon wafer. The measurement temperature was 25 ° C., and the measurement humidity was 40% RH or higher. The specific gravity of silicon was 2.33.
- Polishing particles for semiconductors of Comparative Example 33 were prepared by blending the abrasive particles, water-soluble polymer (water-soluble polymer), and inorganic basic compound shown in Table 12 below in the amounts shown in Table 12 according to the following procedure. Prepared. Incidentally, 1,2,4-triazole was not added to the polishing liquid of Comparative Example 33.
- Comparative Example 34 Abrasive particles shown in Table 12 below, 1,2,4-triazole, and an inorganic basic compound were blended in the addition amounts shown in Table 12 according to the following procedure to prepare a semiconductor polishing liquid of Comparative Example 2. . In addition, polyvinyl pyrrolidone was not added to the polishing liquid of Comparative Example 34.
- Example 19 it was confirmed that the polishing rate was high, and the arithmetic average roughness and the maximum height were small compared to Comparative Example 33 which was the same as Example 19 except that it did not contain 1,2,4 triazole. It was. In Comparative Examples 34 and 35, it was confirmed that the arithmetic average roughness and the maximum height were larger than those in Examples 18 to 24. From the above, in the present invention, it was confirmed that the surface of the semiconductor substrate can be polished to a smooth surface with few irregularities at a high polishing rate.
- ⁇ Fourth polishing liquid for semiconductor substrate> (Examples 25 to 36) [Preparation of polishing liquid for semiconductor] Abrasive particles, a water-soluble polymer (water-soluble polymer), 1,2,4-triazole, and a basic compound were blended in the amounts shown in Table 13 according to the following procedure, and each of Examples 25-36 A semiconductor polishing liquid was prepared.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP_K30) was used as a water-soluble polymer.
- the K value is a viscosity characteristic value that correlates with the molecular weight, and is a relative viscosity value at 25 ° C. measured by a capillary viscometer.
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, 1,2,4-triazole and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, and a basic compound is added thereto until the pH reaches 9. Added. Next, 0.3% by mass of colloidal silica having a primary particle size of 17 nm was dispersed, and then mixed with pure water so that the total amount became 95% by mass. And a basic compound was added until it became desired pH, and it mix
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- a silicon wafer having a diameter of 300 mm was polished under the following conditions to prepare a silicon wafer whose surface was roughly polished.
- Polishing wafer 300 mm silicon wafer polishing machine: Reflexion (manufactured by Applied Materials) Polishing platen rotation speed: 123rpm Holder rotation speed: 117rpm Polishing pressure: 13.7 kPa Polishing liquid supply amount: 250 ml / min Polishing pad: SUBA600 (manufactured by Nitta Haas) Polishing liquid: silica abrasive grains (primary particle size 17 nm) 0.5%, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (hereinafter referred to as “TMAH”), pH 10.5 Polishing time: 90 seconds
- Polishing wafer 300 mm silicon wafer polishing machine after rough polishing created above: Reflexion (manufactured by Applied Materials) Polishing platen rotation speed: 123rpm Holder rotation speed: 117rpm Polishing pressure: 9.7 kPa Polishing liquid supply amount: 250 ml / min Polishing pad: Supreme RN-H Pad 30.5 "D PJ; CX01 (made by Nitta Haas) Polishing time: 10 minutes
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, 1,2,4-triazole and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, and a basic compound is added thereto until the pH reaches 9. Added. Next, 0.3% by mass of colloidal silica having a primary particle size of 17 nm was dispersed, and then mixed with pure water so that the total amount became 95% by mass. And a basic compound was added until it became desired pH, and it mix
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, 1,2,4-triazole and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, and a basic compound is added thereto until the pH reaches 9. Added. Next, 0.5% by mass of colloidal silica having a primary particle size of 17 nm was dispersed, and then mixed with pure water so that the total amount became 95% by mass. And a basic compound was added until it became desired pH, and it mix
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Polishing wafer 300 mm silicon wafer polishing machine after grinding: Reflexion (manufactured by Applied Materials) Polishing platen rotation speed: 123rpm Holder rotation speed: 117rpm Polishing pressure: 13.7 kPa Polishing liquid supply amount: 250 ml / min Polishing pad: MH-S15C (made by Nitta Haas)
- polishing rate (unit: nm / min) was calculated from the decrease in mass, the wafer area (706.5 cm 2), the specific gravity of silicon, and the polishing time.
- the electronic balance for analysis (AB104 made from METTLER) was used for the mass measurement of a silicon wafer.
- the measurement temperature was 25 ° C.
- the measurement humidity was 40% RH or higher.
- the specific gravity of silicon was 2.33. Table 15 shows the measurement results.
- each polishing liquid In the preparation of each polishing liquid, first, 1,2,4-triazole was dissolved in pure water corresponding to 50% by mass of the entire polishing liquid, and a basic compound was added thereto until the pH reached 9. Next, in Comparative Example 40, 0.5% by mass of colloidal silica having a primary particle size of 36 nm was dispersed, and then mixed with pure water so that the total amount became 95% by mass. And a basic compound was added until it became desired pH, and it mix
- polishing was performed again in order to examine the polishing amount L and the grinding mark resolving property in more detail (Example 45 and Comparative Example 43, respectively).
- a silicon wafer having a grinding mark with a depth of around 1000 nm is polished in advance 7 times, and in each polishing amount L, a portion 0 mm from the center of the wafer (Center), a portion 60 mm from the center of the wafer (Middle), the wafer
- the maximum height Rt of a portion 120 mm from the center of the wafer (Edge 1) and a portion 140 mm from the center of the wafer (Edge 2) were measured and evaluated.
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 17 and 18, and FIGS.
- Example 45 it can be seen that the maximum height Rt with respect to the polishing amount L is lower at an earlier stage than in Comparative Example 43, and the grinding mark elimination efficiency is excellent.
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Abstract
Description
研磨用組成物は、ヒドロキシエチルセルロースのような水溶性高分子、アンモニアのようなアルカリ、及びコロイダルシリカのような砥粒を好ましくは含有する研磨液が開示されている。特許文献8に記載の研磨液では、水溶性高分子としてヒドロキシエチルセルロース及びポリビニルアルコールを含有し、ナトリウムイオン及び酢酸イオンの濃度が少ないほど、LPDが改善する結果が示されている。しかしながら実施例に示された水溶性高分子の添加量は0.002質量%以下であるため、特許文献8に記載の研磨液を用いた場合、LPD以外の欠陥(例えば基板表面の凹凸)の低減などの効果は不充分であると考えられる。
本発明に係る第一の半導体基板用研磨液は、研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、塩基性化合物とを含有し、塩基性化合物が、含窒素塩基性化合物又は無機塩基性化合物であり、塩基性化合物の含有量が0.1質量%以上であり、pHが9以上12以下である。
本発明に係る第二の半導体基板用研磨液は、表面がアルミネートにより改質された変性シリカと、無機塩基性化合物とを含有し、変性シリカの含有量が0.01質量%以上1.5質量%以下であり、pHが9以上12以下である。
本発明に係る第三の半導体基板用研磨液は、研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、水溶性高分子と、塩基性化合物とを含有し、pHが9以上12以下である。
本発明に係る第四の半導体基板用研磨液は、研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、水溶性高分子と、塩基性化合物とを含有し、1,2,4-トリアゾールの含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.05質量%以上0.5質量%以下であり、水溶性高分子の含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下であり、pHが9以上12以下である。
本発明に係る第五の半導体基板用研磨液は、研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、水溶性高分子と、塩基性化合物とを含有し、1,2,4-トリアゾールの含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.2質量%以上3.0質量%以下であり、水溶性高分子の含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.01質量%以上0.2質量%以下であり、pHが9以上12以下である。
第一発明の実施形態として、研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、塩基性化合物とを含有し、塩基性化合物が、含窒素塩基性化合物又は無機塩基性化合物であり、塩基性化合物の含有量が0.1質量%以上であり、pHが9以上12以下である、半導体基板用研磨液について説明する。
第一の実施形態では、半導体基板に対する充分な研磨速度を得るために、半導体基板用研磨液のpHの下限を9.0以上とする。より優れた研磨速度を得る点では、pHは9.5以上であることが好ましい。更に保存時や使用時に研磨液のpHが低下することを充分に抑制するため、pHの上限は12.0であり、11.5以下であることが好ましく、11.0以下であることがより好ましい。
第一の実施形態に係る半導体基板用研磨液の重要な特徴は、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、塩基性化合物とを併用する点にある。1,2,4-トリアゾールと塩基性化合物とを併用することが本発明の効果を得るために重要となる理由は詳しくはわかっていないが、半導体基板用研磨液が1,2,4-トリアゾールと塩基性化合物を両方含有することによって下記の事項1、2が達成されることが本発明の効果を奏するための重要なファクターの一つであると考えられる。
[事項1]塩基性化合物の添加量を多くできること。
[事項2]時間の経過に伴う半導体基板用研磨液のpHの変動を少なくすることができること。
第一の実施形態では、半導体基板用研磨液に含まれる研磨粒子としてシリカを使用することが好ましい。これにより、高い研磨速度を得やすくなる。使用できるシリカとしては、公知のものを広く使用することができ、具体的には例えば、フュームドシリカ、コロイダルシリカ、沈殿法シリカ等を挙げることができる。中でも高純度なものが得やすい点で、フュームドシリカ又はコロイダルシリカが好ましく、水への分散安定性や傷等の研磨欠陥が発生し難い点でコロイダルシリカがより好ましい。また、シリカは、必要に応じて他の研磨粒子と併用してもよい。シリカと併用できる他の研磨粒子としては、具体的には例えば、アルミナ、セリア、チタニア、ジルコニア、有機ポリマ等を挙げることができる。
D1=6/(ρ×V) ・・・(1)
により算出される。
D1=2.727×10-6/V (m)=2727/V(nm)
として、一次粒子径を求めることができる。
第一の実施形態では、上述した成分の他に、水以外の溶媒、防食剤、酸化剤、水溶性高分子ポリマなど一般に研磨液に添加される成分を、上述した研磨液の作用効果を損なわない範囲で半導体基板用研磨液に添加することができる。
第一の実施形態の半導体基板用研磨液は、その成分濃度を予め高くした濃縮形態として保存できる。研磨液の使用時には、濃縮形態にある研磨液を、水等で本来の成分濃度まで希釈して使用すればよい。更に、半導体基板用研磨液の成分を幾つかに分けた分液形態として保存し、それらを使用時に混合して使用することもできる。
次に、第二発明の実施形態として、第二の半導体基板用研磨液について説明する。なお、第一の半導体基板用研磨液と説明が重複する部分については適宜省略する。
アルミネートによるシリカ表面の改質は、例えば、アルミン酸カリウム[(AlO(OH)2K]等のアルミニウム化合物を用いて行うことができる。シリカ表面の改質では、例えば、シリカの分散液の中にアルミン酸カリウムを添加し、60℃以上で還流することで、シリカ表面のシラノール基を、よりイオン化しやすい-Si-O-Al(OH)2基にする。
無機塩基性化合物は、研磨速度を得るための溶解剤として作用するとともに、変性シリカ(研磨粒子)の表面電位を最大化するため、研磨速度の高速化が可能となる。無機塩基性化合物は、低臭気の点で、水酸化カリウム及び水酸化ナトリウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種類であることが好ましい。これらは単独で、もしくは複数で用いることができる。高い研磨速度を得る観点からは、無機塩基性化合物の添加量は多いほど好ましいため、0.01質量%以上であることが好ましく、0.05質量%以上がより好ましく、0.07質量%以上が更に好ましい。またエッチングの増加による表面粗さの悪化やシリカの解重合を抑制する観点から、無機塩基性化合物の含有量は、5質量%以下が好ましく、3質量%以下がより好ましく、1質量%以下が特に好ましい。
次に、第三発明の実施形態として、第三の半導体基板用研磨液について説明する。なお、第一及び第二の半導体基板用研磨液と説明が重複する部分については適宜省略する。
なお、1,2,4-トリアゾールによる上記の効果を得るためにも、1,2,4-トリアゾールの含有量は、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.001質量%以上10質量%以下であることが好ましい。
半導体基板用研磨液が含有する水溶性高分子(水溶性ポリマ)としては、アルギン酸、ペクチン酸、カルボキシメチルセルロ-ス、寒天、キサンタンガム、キトサン、メチルグリコールキトサン、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カ-ドラン及びプルラン等の多糖類;ポリアスパラギン酸、ポリグルタミン酸、ポリリシン、ポリリンゴ酸、ポリメタクリル酸、ポリメタクリル酸アンモニウム塩、ポリメタクリル酸ナトリウム塩、ポリアミド酸、ポリマレイン酸、ポリイタコン酸、ポリフマル酸、ポリ(p-スチレンカルボン酸)、ポリビニル硫酸、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリルアミド、アミノポリアクリルアミド、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム塩、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム塩、ポリアミド酸、ポリアミド酸アンモニウム塩、ポリアミド酸ナトリウム塩及びポリグリオキシル酸等のポリカルボン酸及びその塩;ポリエチレンイミン、及びその塩;ポリビニルアルコ-ル、ポリビニルピロリドン及びポリアクロレイン等のビニル系ポリマ、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリテトラメチレングリコール、エチレングリコール-プロピレングリコールブロック共重合体等が挙げられる。その中でも、カルボキシメチルセルロ-ス、寒天、キサンタンガム、キトサン、メチルグリコールキトサン、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カ-ドラン及びプルラン等の多糖類、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリビニルアルコ-ル、ポリビニルピロリドン及びポリアクロレイン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリテトラメチレングリコール、エチレングリコール-プロピレングリコールブロック共重合体等などのノニオン性高分子が好ましく、ポリビニルピロリドン及びその共重合体がより好ましい。なお、上記の水溶性高分子(水溶性ポリマ)は単独でも、複数種を混合しても使用することができる。また、上記の水溶性高分子のうち複数種を混合して使用する場合、その混合物はポリビニルピロリドン及びその共重合体から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含むことが好ましい。
次に、第四発明の実施形態として、第四の半導体基板用研磨液について説明する。なお、第一、第二及び第三の半導体基板用研磨液と説明が重複する部分については適宜省略する。
第四の実施形態では、異物がシリコン基板表面に付着すること等に起因する欠陥を減らす観点で、pHは9以上であり、pH9.5以上がより好ましい。また、過度なエッチングに起因する欠陥の発生を抑制する観点から、pHは12以下であり、11以下が好ましく、10.5以下がより好ましい。
第四の実施形態では、前記1,2,4-トリアゾールの添加量が0.05質量%以上0.5質量%以下である。1,2,4-トリアゾールが有するpH安定性や、溶解剤である塩基性化合物の増量による研磨速度向上効果が得られやすい点、及びウエハ表面の粗度の指標となるヘーズ(HAZE:濁度)の改善効果が得られる点で、添加量は0.05質量%以上であり、0.1質量%以上が好ましい。一方で、添加量に見合うヘーズの改善効果が得られなくなることを避け、更に研磨粒子の凝集を抑制できる点で、添加量は0.5質量%以下であり、0.4質量%以下がより好ましく、0.3質量%以下が特に好ましい。
第四の実施形態は、水溶性高分子(水溶性ポリマ)の添加量が、0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下の範囲である。シリコン基板表面の欠陥を低減する効果が充分に得られる点で、添加量は0.001質量%以上であり、0.003質量%以上であることが好ましく、0.005質量%以上であることがより好ましく、0.01質量%以上であることが特に好ましい。また、研磨の阻害、欠陥の増加、ヘーズ改善の阻害といった不具合が生じるのを抑制できる点で、添加量は0.1質量%以下であり、0.08質量%以下が好ましく、0.07質量%以下が更に好ましく、0.05質量%以下が特に好ましく、0.03質量%以下が極めて好ましい。なお、ここでシリコン基板上の欠陥とは、研摩粒子や研磨パッドの摩耗により発生する磨耗粉等の異物や、シリコン基板に発生した結晶欠陥や傷などの総称として用いる。
欠陥検査装置:LS6700(日立電子エンジニアリング製)
工程条件ファイル(測定レシピ):VeM10L
欠陥測定範囲:0.1μm-3.0μm
投光条件:垂直
次に、第五発明の実施形態として、第五の半導体基板用研磨液について説明する。なお、第一、第二及び第三の半導体基板用研磨液と説明が重複する部分については適宜省略する。
第五の実施形態は、前記シリコンに対する所定の研磨速度を得る観点で、前記pHは9以上であり、pH9.5以上がより好ましく、pH10.0以上が更に好ましい。また、過度なエッチングに起因する欠陥を抑制する観点から、前記pHは12以下であり、11以下が好ましい。
次に、これまで説明した第一~第五の半導体基板用研磨液を用いて半導体基板の表面を研磨する研磨方法について説明する。研磨方法の一例としては、例えば、研磨定盤の研磨布上に本実施形態の半導体基板用研磨液を供給しながら、被研磨基板(半導体基板)を研磨布に押圧した状態で、研磨定盤と被研磨基板を相対的に動かして半導体基板の表面を研磨する。
本実施形態の第一及び第二の半導体基板用研磨液は、上記のような研磨方法を用いて、シリコン又は基板構成にシリコンを含む基板を研磨した場合に、優れた研磨特性を有する。中でもシリコン又は基板構成にシリコンを含む基板に対する研磨速度に優れている。
第一及び第二の半導体基板用研磨液の研磨特性を活かした研磨プロセスの一例を、図13を用いて説明する。なお、本発明の半導体基板の研磨方法は、この例に限定されないことはいうまでもない。図13は、シリコン貫通ビア形成工程の一例を示す断面模式図である。
第一及び第二の半導体基板用研磨液の研磨特性を活かした研磨プロセスの他の一例を、図14及び15を用いて説明する。図14は、一般的なシリコンウエハの加工技術のフローである。シリコンウエハは、シリコンの単結晶をスライスする工程(スライシング)と、ラッピング工程又はグラインディング工程と、エッチング工程等とを含む工程を経て、ウエハ形状に加工される。上記ラッピング工程又はグラインディング工程は、機械的に研削するため、シリコン結晶に結晶欠陥等のダメージを与えてしまうことがある。そこで後続のエッチング工程では、このようなダメージを解消すること及び表面の凹凸をある程度解消するのが一般的である。
また、前記第一及び第二の半導体基板用研磨液は、シリコンに対する高い研磨速度を活かして、再生ウエハを研磨する方法に好適に使用できる。以下、再生ウエハを研磨する方法について説明する。
本実施形態の半導体基板用研磨液のうち、第三の半導体基板用研磨液は、研磨粒子、1,2,4-トリアゾール及び塩基性化合物を含有し、pHが9以上12以下である半導体基板用研磨液に、水溶性高分子を含有させることによって、シリコン表面の凹凸を解消する事ができるものである。
前述の通り、平坦なシリコンウエハを得るためには、図15に示すように、粗研磨(荒削り)工程及び仕上げ研磨(最終研磨)工程を経るのが一般的である。ここで、第三及び四の半導体基板用研磨液は、シリコンに対する研磨速度よりも、シリコン基板上に存在する凹凸を解消すること及びシリコン基板上に残存する異物(研磨粒子及び研磨パッドの摩耗による発生する磨耗粉等)を除去することに重点を置いた研磨液であり、シリコンウエハの製造工程における仕上げ研磨用途に特に適している。すなわち、本実施形態は、シリコン単結晶インゴットをスライスして得られたシリコンウエハをラッピング又はグラインディングした後に、該シリコンウエハをエッチングし、粗ウエハを準備する工程と、粗ウエハを研磨する粗研磨工程と、第三又は第四の半導体基板用研磨液を用いて、粗研磨工程後のシリコンウエハを更に研磨する仕上げ研磨工程と、を備える半導体基板の研磨方法である。なお、粗ウエハを研磨する粗研磨工程において、第一又は第二の半導体基板用研磨液を用いてもよい。
また、第三及び第四の半導体基板用研磨液は、前述した再生ウエハを得る工程における仕上げ研磨にも適用することができる。すなわち、本実施形態は、再利用するための半導体基板の研磨方法であって、付着物が付着したシリコンウエハをウエットエッチングする工程と、ウエットエッチングされたシリコンウエハを研磨する粗研磨工程と、第三又は第四の半導体基板用研磨液を用いて、粗研磨工程後のシリコンウエハを更に研磨する仕上げ研磨工程と、を備える半導体基板の研磨方法である。なお、ウエットエッチングされたシリコンウエハを研磨する粗研磨工程において、第一又は第二の半導体基板用研磨液を用いてもよい。
本実施形態の半導体基板用研磨液のうち、第五の半導体基板用研磨液は、第四の半導体基板用研磨液と比較して、表面の凹凸を解消しつつ、シリコンに対するある程度の研磨速度が得られるものである。これにより、比較的大きい凹凸を有する半導体基板の凸部を優先して研磨する事が可能となる。なお、後述する研磨方法において、第五の半導体基板用研磨液の代わりに第三の半導体基板用研磨液を用いてもよい。
(実施例1~8)
[半導体用研磨液の調製]
1,2,4-トリアゾール、塩基性化合物、及び研磨粒子であるコロイダルシリカを、以下の手順に従って、表1に示す添加量で配合して、実施例1~8の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。
[半導体用研磨液の調製]
1,2,4-トリアゾール、塩基性化合物、及び研磨粒子であるコロイダルシリカを、以下の手順に従って、表2に示す添加量で配合して、実施例9及び10の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。
実施例1~10の各半導体用研磨液のpHを以下の方法で測定した。
(pHの測定方法)
pHメータ:横河電機株式会社製Model pH81
校正:中性リン酸塩pH緩衝液pH6.86(25℃)及びホウ酸塩pH標準液(pH9.18)(25℃)による2点校正
測定温度:25℃
マグネチックスターラー:アズワン製HS-30D
測定手順:長径約4cm、短径約0.5cmのフッ素樹脂でコーティングされた攪拌子を使用し、500rpmで研磨液を攪拌した状態でpHの測定をおこなった。
測定時期:配合直後、一日静置後
研磨定盤の研磨布上に、配合直後の実施例1の半導体基板用研磨液を供給しながら、半導体基板を研磨布に押圧した状態で、半導体基板に対して研磨定盤を相対的に回転させることにより、半導体基板の表面を研磨した。また、実施例1と同様の方法で、配合直後の実施例2~8の各研磨液を用いて半導体基板を研磨した。研磨条件の詳細は以下の通りである。
(研磨条件1)
研磨装置:ナノファクター製FACT-200型
研磨布:ニッタ・ハース製IC-1010
研磨定盤回転数:80rpm
ホルダー回転数:駆動装置無し(自由回転)
研磨圧力:33.83kPa(345gf/cm2)
研磨液供給量:16ml/分
研磨時間:5分
半導体基板(被研磨物):2cm角シリコンウエハ(P型<100>)
同様に、研磨定盤の研磨布上に、配合直後の実施例9及び10の半導体基板用研磨液を供給しながら、半導体基板を研磨布に押圧した状態で、半導体基板に対して研磨定盤を相対的に回転させることにより、半導体基板の表面を研磨した。研磨条件の詳細は以下の通りである。
(研磨条件2)
研磨装置:アプライドマテリアルズ社製MIRRA
研磨布:ニッタ・ハース製IC-1010
研磨定盤回転数:93rpm
ホルダー回転数:87rpm
研磨圧力:20.7kPa
研磨液供給量:200ml/分
研磨時間:3分
半導体基板(被研磨物):200mmシリコンウエハ(P型<100>)
研磨後は、ポリビニルアルコール製ブラシ及び超音波水による半導体基板の洗浄を行った。洗浄後、スピンドライヤにて半導体基板を乾燥した。
配合直後の実施例1~10の各半導体用研磨液を用いて、上記の方法でシリコンウエハを研磨した後、研磨に伴うシリコンウエハの質量の減少量を測定した。そして、質量の減少量、ウエハ面積、シリコンの比重及び研磨時間から研磨速度(単位:nm/分)を測定した。なお、シリコンウエハの質量測定には、分析用電子天秤(メトラー製AB104)を使用した。測定温度は25℃とし、測定湿度は40%RH以上とした。シリコン比重は2.33とした。
配合直後の実施例1~8の各半導体用研磨液を用いた場合と同様の方法で、一日静置後の実施例1~8の各半導体用研磨液を用いた場合の研磨速度を測定した。
配合直後の実施例9及び10の各半導体用研磨液を用いて、上記の方法でシリコンウエハを研磨した後、段差・表面あらさ・微細形状測定装置を使用し、シリコンウエハの研磨面の算術平均粗さを以下の条件で測定した。
段差・表面あらさ・微細形状測定装置:KLA Tencor製P16-OF
測定モード:Roughness
測定長:200μm
測定速度:5μm/秒
測定荷重:1mg
下記表3、表4に示す塩基性化合物、及び研磨粒子であるコロイダルシリカを、以下の手順に従って、表3、表4に示す添加量で配合して、比較例1~14の各半導体基板用研磨液を調製した。各研磨液の調製では、まず研磨液全体の50質量%に相当する純水に塩基性化合物を添加し、次いで、一次粒径が35nmのコロイダルシリカを分散させ、残部を純水で計100質量%になるように配合した。なお、比較例1~14の各研磨液のいずれにも1,2,4-トリアゾールを含有させなかった。
下記表5に示すpKa(ここでpKaとはpKa1である。以下同じ)を有する化合物、及び研磨粒子であるコロイダルシリカを、以下の手順に従って、表5に示す添加量で配合して、比較例15~18の各半導体基板用研磨液を調製した。各研磨液の調製では、研磨液全体の50質量%に相当する純水にpKaを有する化合物を溶解し、これに塩基性化合物を添加した。次いで、一次粒径が35nmのコロイダルシリカを分散させ、残部を純水で計100質量%になるように配合した。なお、比較例15~18の各研磨液のいずれにも1,2,4-トリアゾールを含有させなかった。
1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び研磨粒子であるコロイダルシリカを、以下の手順に従って、表5に示す添加量で配合して、比較例19の半導体基板用研磨液を調製した。研磨液の調製では、研磨液全体の50質量%に相当する純水に1,2,4-トリアゾールを1質量%溶解し、これに一次粒径が35nmのコロイダルシリカを分散させ、残部を純水で計100質量%になるように配合した。なお、比較例19の研磨液には塩基性化合物を含有させなかった。
下記表6に示す塩基性化合物、及び研磨粒子であるコロイダルシリカを、以下の手順に従って、表6に示す添加量で配合して、比較例20の半導体基板用研磨液を調製した。研磨液の調製では、まず研磨液全体の50質量%に相当する純水に塩基性化合物を添加し、次いで、一次粒径が17nmのコロイダルシリカを分散させ、残部を純水で計100質量%になるように配合した。なお、比較例20の研磨液には1,2,4-トリアゾールを含有させなかった。
半導体用研磨液全体の50質量%に相当する純水に、塩基性化合物(水酸化カリウム)を、pHが9になるまで添加した。次いで、砥粒(研磨粒子)として、表面がアルミネートにより改質された変性コロイダルシリカを0.5質量%添加したのち、純水で計95質量%になるように配合した。pHが11まで塩基性化合物(水酸化カリウム)を添加し、残部を純水で計100質量%になるように配合した。このようにして、ゼータ電位測定用研磨液Cを調製した。
以下の測定条件の下で、各ゼータ電位測定用研磨液中の砥粒のゼータ電位を測定した。
測定原理:レーザードップラー法
ゼータ電位測定装置:ZETASIZER3000HS(MALVERN製)
測定温度:25℃
分散媒の屈折率:1.331
分散媒の粘度:0.893cP
[半導体用研磨液の調製]
アルミネートによる改質シリカ及び下記表8に示す無機塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表8に示す添加量で配合して、実施例11~16の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。なお、表8に示す「アルミネートによる改質シリカ」とは、アルミネートにより改質した変性コロイダルシリカであり、上記ゼータ電位測定用研磨液Cに添加したものと同じである。
表8に示すように、1質量%の1,2,4-トリアゾールを、研磨液全体の50質量%に相当する純水で溶解し、これに水酸化カリウムをpHが9になるまで添加した。次いで、砥粒として、アルミネートにより改質した変性コロイダルシリカを分散させ、純水で計95質量%になるように配合した。pHが11まで水酸化カリウムを添加し、残部を純水で計100質量%になるように配合した。このようにして、実施例17の半導体基板用研磨液を調製した。
実施例11~17の各半導体用研磨液のpHは、以下の方法で測定した。各半導体用研磨液のpHを表8に示す。
(pHの測定方法)
pHメータ:横河電機株式会社製Model pH81
校正:中性リン酸塩pH緩衝液pH6.86(25℃)及びホウ酸塩pH標準液(pH9.18)(25℃)による2点校正
測定温度:25℃
マグネチックスターラー:アズワン製HS-30D
測定手順:長径約4cm、短径約0.5cmのフッ素樹脂でコーティングされた攪拌子を使用し、500rpmで研磨液を攪拌した状態でpHの測定をおこなった。
測定時期:研磨液の配合直後
研磨定盤の研磨布上に、配合直後の実施例11の半導体基板用研磨液を供給しながら、半導体基板を研磨布に押圧した状態で、半導体基板に対して研磨定盤を相対的に回転させることにより、半導体基板の表面を研磨した。また、実施例11と同様の方法で、配合直後の実施例12~17の各研磨液を用いて半導体基板を研磨した。研磨条件の詳細は以下の通りである。
(研磨条件)
研磨装置:ナノファクター製FACT-200型
研磨布:ニッタ・ハース製IC-1010
研磨定盤回転数:80rpm
ホルダー回転数:駆動装置無し(自由回転)
研磨圧力:33.83kPa(345gf/cm2)
研磨液供給量:16ml/分
研磨時間:5分
半導体基板(被研磨物):2cm角シリコンウエハ(P型<100>)
研磨後は、ポリビニルアルコール製ブラシ及び超音波水による半導体基板の洗浄を行った。洗浄後、スピンドライヤにて半導体基板を乾燥した。
配合直後の実施例11~17の各半導体用研磨液を用いて、上記の方法でシリコンウエハを研磨した後、研磨に伴うシリコンウエハの質量の減少量を測定した。そして、質量の減少量、ウエハ面積、シリコンの比重及び研磨時間から研磨速度(単位:nm/分)を測定した。測定結果を表2に示す。なお、シリコンウエハの質量測定には、分析用電子天秤(メトラー製AB104)を使用した。測定温度は25℃とし、測定湿度は40%RH以上とした。シリコン比重は2.33とした。
表9、10に示す未改質のコロイダルシリカ及び塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表9、10に示す添加量で配合して、比較例21~27の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。なお、表9、10に示すシリカは、いずれも砥粒メーカーより購入したものである。
表10に示すように、1質量%の1,2,4-トリアゾールを、研磨液全体の50質量%に相当する純水で溶解し、これに水酸化カリウムをpHが9になるまで添加した。次いで、砥粒として、未改質のコロイダルシリカを分散させ、純水で計95質量%になるように配合した。pHが11まで水酸化カリウムを添加し、残部を純水で計100質量%になるように配合した。このようにして、比較例28の半導体基板用研磨液を調製した。
表10に示す改質シリカ及び塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表10に示す添加量で配合して、比較例29~32の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。
(実施例18~24)
[半導体用研磨液の調製]
研磨粒子、水溶性高分子(水溶性ポリマ)、1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表11に示す添加量で配合して、実施例18~24の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。各研磨液の調製には、水溶性ポリマとして、K値が異なる三種類のポリビニルピロリドン(PVP_K15、PVP_K30、PVP_K90)のいずれかを用いた。ここで、K15等と表されるK値は分子量と相関する粘性特性値で、毛細管粘度計により測定される25℃での相対粘度値である。
実施例18~24の各半導体用研磨液のpHを以下の方法で測定した。各半導体用研磨液のpHを表11に示す。
(pHの測定方法)
pHメータ:横河電機株式会社製Model pH81
校正:中性リン酸塩pH緩衝液pH6.86(25℃)及びホウ酸塩pH標準液(pH9.18)(25℃)による2点校正
測定温度:25℃
マグネチックスターラー:アズワン製HS-30D
測定手順:長径約4cm、短径約0.5cmのフッ素樹脂でコーティングされた攪拌子を使用し、500rpmで研磨液を攪拌した状態でpHの測定をおこなった。
測定時期:研磨液の配合直後(なお、配合直後とは、半導体用研磨液の調整(配合)を完了してから1時間未満であることを意味し、以下同様である。)
研磨定盤の研磨布上に、配合直後の実施例18の半導体基板用研磨液を供給しながら、半導体基板を研磨布に押圧した状態で、半導体基板に対して研磨定盤を相対的に回転させることにより、半導体基板の表面を研磨した。また、実施例18と同様の方法で、配合直後の実施例19~24の各研磨液を用いて半導体基板を研磨した。研磨条件の詳細は以下の通りである。
(研磨条件)
研磨装置:ナノファクター製FACT-200型
研磨布:ニッタ・ハース製IC-1010
研磨定盤回転数:80rpm
ホルダー回転数:駆動装置無し(自由回転)
研磨圧力:33.83kPa(345gf/cm2)
研磨液供給量:16ml/分
研磨時間:5分
半導体基板(被研磨物):2cm角シリコンウエハ(P型<100>)
研磨後は、ポリビニルアルコール製ブラシ及び超音波水による半導体基板の洗浄を行った。洗浄後、スピンドライヤにて半導体基板を乾燥した。
配合直後の実施例18~24の各半導体用研磨液を用いて、上記の方法でシリコンウエハを研磨した後、研磨に伴うシリコンウエハの質量の減少量を測定した。そして、質量の減少量、ウエハ面積、シリコンの比重及び研磨時間から研磨速度(単位:nm/分)を算出した。算出結果を表11に示す。なお、シリコンウエハの質量測定には、分析用電子天秤(メトラー製AB104)を使用した。測定温度は25℃とし、測定湿度は40%RH以上とした。シリコン比重は2.33とした。
実施例18~24の研磨液を用いて上記の方法でシリコンウエハを研磨した後、段差・表面粗さ・微細形状測定装置を使用し、シリコンウエハの研磨面の算術平均粗さを以下の条件で測定した。測定結果を表11に示す。
(測定条件)
段差・表面粗さ・微細形状測定装置:KLA Tencor製P16-OF
測定モード:Roughness
測定長:200μm
測定速度:5μm/秒
測定荷重:1mg
下記表12に示す研磨粒子、水溶性高分子(水溶性ポリマ)、及び無機塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表12に示す添加量で配合して、比較例33の半導体用研磨液を調製した。なお、比較例33の研磨液には、1,2,4-トリアゾールを添加しなかった。
下記表12に示す研磨粒子、1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び無機塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表12に示す添加量で配合して、比較例2の半導体用研磨液を調製した。
なお、比較例34の研磨液には、ポリビニルピロリドンを添加しなかった。
下記表12に示す研磨粒子及び無機塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表12に示す添加量で配合して、比較例35の半導体用研磨液を調製した。なお、比較例35の研磨液には、1,2,4-トリアゾール及びポリビニルピロリドンを添加しなかった。
(実施例25~36)
[半導体用研磨液の調製]
研磨粒子、水溶性高分子(水溶性ポリマ)、1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表13に示す添加量で配合して、実施例25~36の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。各研磨液の調製には、水溶性ポリマとして、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP_K30)を用いた。K値は分子量と相関する粘性特性値で、毛細管粘度計により測定される25℃での相対粘度値である。
実施例25~36の各半導体用研磨液のpHを、実施例18と同様にして測定した。各半導体用研磨液のpHを表13に示す。
直径300mmのシリコンウエハを下記条件で研磨し、表面が粗研磨されたシリコンウエハを調整した。
研磨機:Reflexion (アプライドマテリアルズ社製)
研磨定盤回転数:123rpm
ホルダー回転数:117rpm
研磨圧力:13.7kPa
研磨液供給量:250ml/分
研磨パッド:SUBA600(ニッタ・ハース製)
研磨液:シリカ砥粒(一次粒径17nm)0.5%、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(以下「TMAH」という)、pH10.5
研磨時間:90秒
研磨定盤の研磨布上に、配合直後の実施例25の半導体基板用研磨液を供給しながら、半導体基板を研磨布に押圧した状態で、半導体基板に対して研磨定盤を相対的に回転させることにより、半導体基板の表面を研磨した。また、実施例25と同様の方法で、配合直後の実施例26~36の各研磨液を用いて半導体基板を研磨した。研磨条件の詳細は以下の通りである。
(研磨条件)
研磨ウエハ:前記で作成した粗研磨後の300mmシリコンウエハ
研磨機:Reflexion (アプライドマテリアルズ社製)
研磨定盤回転数:123rpm
ホルダー回転数:117rpm
研磨圧力:9.7kPa
研磨液供給量:250ml/分
研磨パッド:Supreme RN-H Pad 30.5”D PJ;CX01 (ニッタ・ハース製)
研磨時間:10分
前記研磨後のウエハを、下記条件で洗浄した。
洗浄機:MESA (アプライドマテリアルズ社製)
洗浄液:水酸化アンモニウム0.06体積%
ブラシ洗浄時間:60秒
実施例25~36の研磨液を用いて上記の方法でシリコンウエハを研磨し、洗浄した後、下記の装置を用いて、欠陥数及びHAZE(ヘーズ)値として表示される値を測定した。測定結果を表13に示す。
欠陥検査装置:LS6700(日立電子エンジニアリング製)
工程条件ファイル(測定レシピ):VeM10L
欠陥測定範囲:0.1μm-3.0μm
投光条件:垂直
[半導体用研磨液の調製]
研磨粒子、水溶性高分子(水溶性ポリマ)、1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表14に示す添加量で配合して、比較例36~39の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。各研磨液の調製には、水溶性ポリマとして、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP_K30)を用いた。K値は分子量と相関する粘性特性値で、毛細管粘度計により測定される25℃での相対粘度値である。
(実施例37~44)
[半導体用研磨液の調製]
研磨粒子、水溶性高分子(水溶性ポリマ)、1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表15に示す添加量で配合して、実施例37~44の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。各研磨液の調製には、水溶性ポリマとして、K値が異なる三種類のポリビニルピロリドン(PVP_K15、PVP_K30、PVP_K90)のいずれかを用いた。を用いた。K値は分子量と相関する粘性特性値で、毛細管粘度計により測定される25℃での相対粘度値である。
実施例37~44の各半導体用研磨液のpHを、実施例18と同様にして測定した。各半導体用研磨液のpHを表15に示す。
研磨定盤の研磨布上に、配合直後の実施例37の半導体基板用研磨液を供給しながら、半導体基板を研磨布に押圧した状態で、半導体基板に対して研磨定盤を相対的に回転させることにより、半導体基板の表面を研磨した。また、実施例37と同様の方法で、配合直後の実施例38~44の各研磨液を用いて半導体基板を研磨した。研磨条件の詳細は以下の通りである。
(研磨条件)
研磨ウエハ:グラインディング後の300mmシリコンウエハ
研磨機:Reflexion (アプライドマテリアルズ社製)
研磨定盤回転数:123rpm
ホルダー回転数:117rpm
研磨圧力:13.7kPa
研磨液供給量:250ml/分
研磨パッド:MH-S15C (ニッタ・ハース製)
前記研磨後のウエハを、下記条件で洗浄した。
洗浄機:MESA (アプライドマテリアルズ社製)
洗浄液:水酸化アンモニウム0.06体積%
ブラシ洗浄時間:60秒
上記の方法でシリコンウエハを研磨した後、研磨に伴うシリコンウエハの質量の減少量を測定した。そして、質量の減少量、ウエハ面積(706.5cm2)、シリコンの比重及び研磨時間から研磨速度(単位:nm/分)を算出した。なお、シリコンウエハの質量測定には、分析用電子天秤(メトラー製AB104)を使用した。測定温度は25℃とし、測定湿度は40%RH以上とした。シリコン比重は2.33とした。測定結果を表15に示す。
上記の方法でシリコンウエハを研磨した後、段差・表面粗さ・微細形状測定装置を使用し、以下の条件でシリコンウエハの研磨面の欠陥評価を行った。なお、粗ウエハの目標研磨量をL(nm)、粗ウエハの初期段差(最大高さ)Rt0(nm)及び、粗研磨された粗ウエハの段差(最大高さ)Rt1(nm)とした。測定結果を表15に示す。
(測定条件)
段差・表面粗さ・微細形状測定装置:KLA Tencor製P16-OF
測定モード:Roughness
測定長:5mm
測定荷重:1mg
[半導体用研磨液の調製]
研磨粒子、1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び塩基性化合物を、以下の手順に従って、表16に示す添加量で配合して、比較例40~42の各半導体用研磨液を調製した。
Claims (25)
- 研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、塩基性化合物とを含有し、
前記塩基性化合物が、含窒素塩基性化合物又は無機塩基性化合物であり、
前記塩基性化合物の含有量が0.1質量%以上であり、
pHが9以上12以下である、
半導体基板用研磨液。 - 前記含窒素塩基性化合物が水酸化アンモニウム又は水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムを含有する、
請求項1に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - 前記無機塩基性化合物が水酸化カリウム又は水酸化ナトリウムを含有する、
請求項1又は2に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - 表面がアルミネートにより改質された変性シリカと、無機塩基性化合物とを含有し、
前記変性シリカの含有量が0.01質量%以上1.5質量%以下であり、
pHが9以上12以下である、
半導体基板用研磨液。 - 前記変性シリカの一次粒径が7~50nmである、
請求項4に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - 前記無機塩基性化合物が、水酸化カリウム又は水酸化ナトリウムを含有する、
請求項4又は5に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - 更に1,2,4-トリアゾールを含有する、
請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - シリコン貫通ビアを形成するための半導体基板の研磨方法であって、
シリコン基板の一方の面に凹部を形成する工程と、
前記凹部に金属を埋め込む工程と、
前記シリコン基板の他方の面をバックグラインドする工程と、
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液を用いて、前記他方の面を、前記金属が露出するように研磨する研磨工程と、を備える半導体基板の研磨方法。 - シリコン単結晶インゴットをスライスして得られたシリコンウエハをラッピング又はグラインディングした後に、該シリコンウエハをエッチングし、粗ウエハを準備する工程と、
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液を用いて、前記粗ウエハを研磨する粗研磨工程と、を備える半導体基板の研磨方法。 - 再利用するための半導体基板の研磨方法であって、
付着物が付着したシリコンウエハをウエットエッチングする工程と、
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液を用いて、前記ウエットエッチングされたシリコンウエハを研磨する粗研磨工程と、を備える半導体基板の研磨方法。 - 研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、水溶性高分子と、塩基性化合物とを含有し、
pHが9以上12以下である、
半導体基板用研磨液。 - 前記水溶性高分子の含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.001質量%以上10質量%以下である、
請求項11記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - 前記1,2,4-トリアゾールの含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.01質量%以上10質量%以下である、
請求項11又は12に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - 研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、水溶性高分子と、塩基性化合物とを含有し、
前記1,2,4-トリアゾールの含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.05質量%以上0.5質量%以下であり、
前記水溶性高分子の含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下であり、
pHが9以上12以下である、
半導体基板用研磨液。 - シリコン単結晶インゴットをスライスして得られたシリコンウエハをラッピング又はグラインディングした後に、該シリコンウエハをエッチングし、粗ウエハを準備する工程と、
前記粗ウエハを研磨する粗研磨工程と、
請求項11~14のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液を用いて、前記粗研磨工程後のシリコンウエハを更に研磨する仕上げ研磨工程と、を備える半導体基板の研磨方法。 - 再利用するための半導体基板の研磨方法であって、
付着物が付着したシリコンウエハをウエットエッチングする工程と、
前記ウエットエッチングされたシリコンウエハを研磨する粗研磨工程と、
請求項11~14のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液を用いて、前記粗研磨工程後のシリコンウエハを更に研磨する仕上げ研磨工程と、を備える半導体基板の研磨方法。 - 研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、水溶性高分子と、塩基性化合物とを含有し、
前記1,2,4-トリアゾールの含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.2質量%以上3.0質量%以下であり、
前記水溶性高分子の含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.01質量%以上0.2質量%以下であり、
pHが9以上12以下である、
半導体基板用研磨液。 - 再利用するための半導体基板の研磨方法であって、
付着物が付着したシリコンウエハをウエットエッチングした後、該シリコンウエハをグラインディングして粗ウエハを準備する工程と、
請求項11~13又は17のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液を用いて、前記粗ウエハを研磨する粗研磨工程と、を備える半導体基板の研磨方法。 - 前記粗研磨工程において、前記粗ウエハの研磨量をL(nm)、該粗ウエハの初期段差をRt0(nm)及び、粗研磨された該粗ウエハの段差をRt1(nm)とした場合において、Rt0≦L≦Rt0×1.3を満たすL(nm)だけ粗ウエハを研磨したときに、L/(Rt0-Rt1)≦1.3及びRt1≦100(nm)を共に満たす、請求項18記載の半導体基板の研磨方法。
- 前記粗研磨工程後の前記粗ウエハを、研磨液を用いて研磨する仕上げ研磨工程を更に備え、
前記研磨液が、研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、水溶性高分子と、塩基性化合物とを含有し、
pHが9以上12以下である、
請求項18又は19に記載の半導体基板の研磨方法。 - 前記粗研磨工程後の前記粗ウエハを、研磨液を用いて研磨する仕上げ研磨工程を更に備え、
前記研磨液が、研磨粒子と、1,2,4-トリアゾールと、水溶性高分子と、塩基性化合物とを含有し、
前記1,2,4-トリアゾールの含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.05質量%以上0.5質量%以下であり、
前記水溶性高分子の含有量が、半導体基板用研磨液の全質量に対して、0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下であり、
pHが9以上12以下である、
請求項18又は19に記載の半導体基板の研磨方法。 - 前記水溶性高分子がノニオン性高分子である、
請求項11~14又は17のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - 前記ノニオン性高分子が、ポリビニルピロリドン及びポリビニルピロリドンの共重合体から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、
請求項22に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - 前記水溶性高分子が、ポリビニルピロリドン及びポリビニルピロリドンの共重合体から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む混合物である、
請求項11~14、17、22又は23のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。 - 研磨対象である半導体基板が、シリコン、又は基板構成にシリコンを含む基板である、
請求項1~7、11~14、17、22~24のいずれか一項に記載の半導体基板用研磨液。
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| KR20120001766A (ko) | 2012-01-04 |
| KR101277342B1 (ko) | 2013-06-20 |
| TW201042019A (en) | 2010-12-01 |
| JPWO2010122985A1 (ja) | 2012-10-25 |
| JP5413456B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
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