WO2010119627A1 - 経路制御装置、経路制御システム、経路制御方法及び非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体 - Google Patents
経路制御装置、経路制御システム、経路制御方法及び非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
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- the present invention relates to a network composed of a plurality of radio links, and more particularly to path control of a radio link using adaptive modulation.
- Adaptive modulation is a technique that adaptively finds and uses a modulation scheme with the highest transmission efficiency based on the radio conditions of the radio link. By adaptive modulation, optimal wireless communication according to the wireless environment can be performed, and frequency efficiency can be improved.
- Non-Patent Document 1 when the path control (for example, Non-Patent Document 1) performed in a wired network is applied, it is affected by the fluctuation of the transmission rate of the wireless link due to adaptive modulation, and traffic Will affect the communication quality. That is, the path through which traffic flows is composed of a plurality of radio links, and each radio link selects a transmission rate independently by adaptive modulation. For this reason, if a route having a different transmission rate for each wireless link is selected, the stability of the route itself is deteriorated. In particular, since wireless links are greatly affected by the radio wave environment, it is conceivable that the wireless links have a correlation, and it is important to consider the correlation of communication quality when performing path control.
- a normal route and a redundant route different from the normal route are set in order to maintain communication quality.
- the redundant path is a path prepared as a backup, and is used instead of the normal path when a failure occurs, for example. Therefore, regarding the setting of the redundant path, it is necessary to consider the correlation between the radio links so that the normal path and the redundant path do not deteriorate at the same time.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 propose a method of calculating a physical distance between radio links as a spatial correlation coefficient and selecting a path with a smaller spatial correlation coefficient.
- these only look at physical distances, and even if they are close in space, it is not possible to select a wireless link that is not correlated with the communication quality of the wireless link as a redundant route, or it is far away in space.
- a wireless link having a strong correlation of communication quality of the wireless link may be selected as a redundant route, which is insufficient.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that, when setting a route of a flow through which traffic flows, since a deterioration in communication quality cannot be predicted, a route in which communication cannot be maintained may be set. Further, since the correlation between the communication quality of the route used normally and the route used for the route prepared as a backup is not taken into consideration, the communication quality may similarly deteriorate and communication may not be maintained.
- An object of the present invention is to realize path control based on the correlation of communication quality between wireless links in a network configured by a plurality of wireless links.
- An aspect of the route control device is a route control device for a plurality of wireless links that connect a plurality of communication devices, and an information management unit that stores a correlation of communication quality between the plurality of wireless links; A route selection unit that selects a flow route using a correlation of communication quality between the plurality of wireless links.
- a flow path is selected by using a plurality of communication apparatuses communicating using a plurality of radio links and a correlation of communication quality between the plurality of radio links.
- a route control device is used to control the flow path.
- One aspect of a route control method according to the present invention is a route control method for a network in which a plurality of communication apparatuses communicate using a plurality of wireless links, and uses a correlation of communication quality between the plurality of wireless links. Select the flow path.
- Non-transitory computer-readable medium is a non-transitory computer-readable medium in which a program for controlling a network path through which a plurality of communication devices communicate using a plurality of wireless links is stored.
- the program causes the computer to execute a process of selecting a flow path using the correlation of communication quality between the plurality of wireless links.
- the effect of the present invention is that communication can be maintained by selecting a route using the correlation of communication quality between wireless links.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of setting a flow path using correlation in the path control process according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example which sets a normal path
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example in which admission control is performed and a route including a redundant route is set in the route control processing of the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the communication apparatus which has the function of the path control apparatus.
- the correlation of the communication quality between the radio links is calculated, and the path control based on the correlation is performed. For example, when setting a flow route, a wireless link having a strong correlation is selected and the route is set. In addition, when setting a redundant route corresponding to a normal route, avoid a wireless link having a positive correlation with a wireless link constituting the normal route, and a non-correlated wireless link or a wireless link having a negative correlation is a redundant route. Choose as.
- the communication quality of the radio link refers to the transmission rate of the radio link, the modulation method used, the radio wave environment (for example, BER: Bit Error Rate), or the like.
- the normal route is a route that is normally used by arbitrary traffic
- the redundant route is a route that is used when the normal route cannot be used due to a failure or when communication quality deteriorates.
- the redundant path is set in order to maintain communication safety.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a network to which the routing control device of the present invention is applied.
- the network includes a route control device 101 that performs route calculation and communication devices (routers or switches) 102 to 105 that transfer packets using a plurality of wireless links.
- the communication devices 102 to 105 will be described on the assumption that the packets are relayed to other communication devices (for example, a router, a switch, or a mobile terminal).
- reference numerals 102 to 105 are used.
- a route between the communication device 102 and the communication device 105 is represented as “link 102-105” (one (In the case of one wireless link) or “link 102-104-105” (in the case of two wireless links).
- the link 102-105 is selected as the normal route.
- the correlation of the modulation scheme used between each wireless link that is a candidate for the redundant route and the links 102-105 that are wireless links on the normal route is obtained.
- a wireless link having weakest correlation is selected as a redundant route.
- a wireless link having a strong correlation with the link 102-105 is a link 102-103, a link 103-105, a wireless link having a weak correlation is a link 102-104, and a wireless link having a negative correlation is a link 104-105.
- the path of the link 102-104-105 is selected as the redundant path of the link 102-105, which is a combination of a radio link with weak correlation and a radio link with negative correlation.
- a route having a weak communication quality correlation with the normal route is selected as the redundant route. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the communication quality of the normal route and the redundant route from being deteriorated at the same time, and to avoid changing the modulation scheme applied to both routes to a low transmission rate at the same time. This avoids the use of a modulation scheme that is lower than the current transmission rate for both the normal path and the redundant path at the same time. For example, when the transmission rate of the normal route is lowered, in a redundant route having a weak communication quality correlation, the link whose transmission rate remains constant or conversely the transmission rate is improved is used as the redundant route. For this reason, the traffic flowing in the normal route can be bypassed to the redundant route, and the communication quality of the traffic can be guaranteed.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the path control device (path control unit) 900.
- the route control device 900 includes an information management unit (information management unit) 901 and a route selection unit (route selection unit) 902.
- the information management unit 901 manages information related to the correlation of communication quality between a plurality of wireless links used by the plurality of communication apparatuses 102 to 105.
- the information management unit 901 manages information necessary for controlling the flow path. For example, information relating to communication quality used when calculating correlation and information relating to a route used when the route selection unit 902 selects a route are held and managed. Details of the information management unit 901 will be described later with reference to FIG. 3 in the first embodiment.
- the information management unit 901 may have a function of calculating the correlation between the communication qualities of the plurality of radio links using the communication qualities received from the plurality of communication devices. You may receive and hold
- the route selection unit 902 selects (searches) the route of the flow using the correlation managed by the information management unit 901. The selected flow path is notified to the plurality of communication apparatuses 102 to 105. Thereby, the route selected based on the correlation is set in the network. The route of the selected flow may be notified by an instruction of the route selection unit 902, or the constituent element to which the route of the flow selected by the route selection unit 902 is output may be notified to other communication devices. . Here, the details of the notification method are omitted.
- the flow route is a route through which arbitrary traffic flows, and includes a normal route and a redundant route.
- the route selection unit 902 selects at least a redundant route using the correlation.
- the normal route may be selected by using correlation, or may be selected by using another method, for example, a method of selecting a free area.
- description of the details of other methods is omitted.
- the route control device 900 shown in FIG. 2 can be used as a component mounted on the route control device 101. Further, the route control device 900 may be mounted in the communication devices 102 to 105, or the route control device 900 may be connected to the communication devices 102 to 105. The best mode for carrying out the invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the path control device according to the first embodiment.
- the route control device 101 includes a communication unit 201, a route selection unit 202, a traffic information management unit 203, a topology information management unit 204, a link information management unit 205, and a correlation management unit 206.
- the route selection unit 202 has a function of collecting information, a function of selecting a route, and a function of setting a route. Specifically, as a function of collecting information, the route selection unit 202 collects traffic information such as where and how much traffic is flowing through the network, and network information such as the state and performance of the links constituting the network. As a function of selecting a route, a route through which arbitrary traffic flows is selected using correlation. As a function of setting a route, the route is set to the network by notifying the communication device in the network of the selected route.
- the traffic information management unit 203 manages traffic information including a transmission source, a destination, a used band, a route, and the like of traffic flowing through the network.
- the topology information management unit 204 manages network information including a connection relationship (adjacent relationship) between nodes such as how the network is configured, a state of a wireless link, and the like.
- the link information management unit 205 manages link quality information including a history of information indicating the radio wave environment of each wireless link, a modulation mode used in the past or a past (history of used modulation mode), an estimated modulation mode, and the like.
- the information indicating the radio wave environment includes one or more of BER, SNR, and CINR.
- the correlation management unit 206 uses the information managed by the link information management unit 205 to calculate the correlation of communication quality between the radio links and hold the result.
- the correlation management unit 206 transfers link quality information and a correlation coefficient to and from the link information management unit 205.
- the route selection unit 202 acquires traffic information such as a transmission source, a destination, and a use band of traffic flowing through the network from the traffic information management unit 203. Also, the route selection unit 202 acquires network information from the topology information management unit 204 and acquires link quality information from the link information management unit 205. Then, the route selection unit 202 controls the route through which the traffic flows by performing route setting in consideration of the correlation of the communication quality between the wireless links in cooperation with the correlation management unit 206. In this way, communication can be maintained by selecting a route using the correlation of communication quality between wireless links. For example, it is possible to maintain the communication quality of traffic by avoiding the case where the redundant path is deteriorated similarly to the communication path.
- the route selection unit 202 implements the functions included in the route selection unit 902 in FIG.
- the topology information management unit 204, traffic information management unit 203, link information management unit 205, and correlation management unit 206 implement the functions included in the information management unit 901 in FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of the communication apparatus 102.
- the communication apparatus 102 includes wireless communication units 301 to 303, a packet processing unit 304, a route table management unit 305, and a link state management unit 306.
- the packet processing unit 304 notifies the routing device of link information such as packet transfer processing, update of its own routing table, BER of the radio link managed by itself, modulation mode used, and stability of available bandwidth. It has the function to do.
- the route table management unit 305 manages its own route table, and updates the route table as needed according to the notification from the route control device 101.
- the link state management unit 306 manages link information such as the BER of the link managed by itself and the modulation mode used.
- FIG. 5 shows a basic operation of route selection.
- the correlation management unit 206 calculates a correlation coefficient between links (step 401), and the route selection unit 202 performs a route search based on the correlation coefficient (step 402).
- the present invention can realize path control using the procedure shown in FIG. 5 in either case of setting a normal path of a flow or setting of a redundant path.
- the correlation management unit 206 calculates a correlation coefficient between radio links (step 501). For example, one candidate route is selected as the normal route, and the correlation between the radio link constituting the selected route and another radio link is calculated. The calculated correlation coefficient can be used to detect the strength of correlation between radio links.
- the route selection unit 202 creates a group in which radio links having a strong correlation are selected based on the correlation coefficient value (step 502), and selects a flow route using links belonging to the same group (step 503). ). Whether or not they belong to the same group is determined by setting an arbitrary condition and determining whether or not the correlation coefficient is within the set condition range. For example, it may be a condition that there is a positive correlation or a negative correlation, or a condition that correlation coefficients having a range of arbitrary values are grouped together.
- a normal route can be configured using a link whose communication quality changes in the same manner. This facilitates prediction of changes in communication quality for the entire route.
- Correlation management section 206 associates modulation schemes QPSK-32QAM with numerical values of 1 to 3, respectively, treats the modulation schemes used by each radio link up to now as time-series data, and calculates correlations.
- the correlation coefficient is calculated using the following equation (1), with QPSK corresponding to the numerical value 1, 16QAM corresponding to the numerical value 2, and 32QAM corresponding to the numerical value 3.
- x_i and y_i indicate i-th data (i is an integer of i> 0) in the time series, and X and Y indicate averages of the time-series data.
- the correlation coefficients between the links 102-105 and other links are obtained as follows. At this time, the values of other links are substituted for x_i, and the values of links 102-105 are substituted for y_i.
- the correlation coefficient takes a value between 1 and -1, and the closer to 1, the higher the positive correlation, the closer to 0, the uncorrelated, and the closer to -1, the higher the negative correlation.
- the first group of the links 102-103, 103-105, and 102-105 having a positive correlation, and the links 103-104 and 102- 104, links 104-105, can be divided into a second group with negative correlation.
- the link 102-104, the link 102-103-104, and the link 102-105-104 are considered as candidates.
- the link 102-103-104 and the link 102-105-104 cannot be used because they are composed of wireless links belonging to different groups. Therefore, only the links 102-104 can be used as routes.
- the redundant path is determined so that the correlation with each wireless link constituting the normal path or the correlation with the entire normal path has a certain correlation or less. At this time, it is also possible to make it a condition that both the correlation with each radio link constituting the normal path and the correlation with the entire normal path have a certain correlation or less.
- the path control apparatus 101 receives an admission request from an apparatus used by a network administrator or a person who wants to flow traffic (step 701).
- the route control device 101 selects a normal route in response to the admission request (step 702).
- the normal route is selected by the correlation management unit 206 and the route selection unit 202, for example, according to the procedure shown in FIG.
- the route control apparatus 101 calculates the correlation between each wireless link and the wireless link used in the normal route (step 703). Specifically, the correlation management unit 206 calculates the correlation coefficient between the radio link of the normal route and each of the other radio links using the equation (1) (corresponding to step 401 in FIG. 4). Next, the route selection unit 202 of the route control device 101 searches for a redundant route from wireless links having a correlation coefficient equal to or less than a preset threshold (step 704).
- the route selection unit 202 sets the normal route and the redundant route, and permits the admission request (Step 705). Specifically, the route selection unit 202 sends a route information message indicating the traffic and the route that the traffic should follow to the communication devices 102 to 105 on the searched route, and updates the route table. As a result, traffic flowing through the network can follow the searched route.
- Step 706 the admission request is rejected (Step 706).
- the path control apparatus 101 notifies the apparatus that transmitted the request that the admission request has been rejected.
- the admission control shown in FIG. 8 will be described using the history of the modulation scheme shown in FIG.
- the link 102-105 is selected as the normal path and the modulation scheme used by each wireless link at present or in the past is given in FIG. 7, the correlation calculation performed by the path selection unit 202 in step 703 in FIG. 8 and FIG.
- the redundant route search in step 704 will be described.
- the modulation scheme QPSK-32QAM is associated with the numerical values of 1 to 3, respectively, and the modulation scheme used by each radio link is handled as time-series data.
- the correlation coefficient between the links 102-105 used in the normal path and other links is obtained as follows.
- the links 102-104 and 104-105 can be selected as redundant paths, but the links 102-103 and 103-105 are redundant. It cannot be used as a route. As a result, the route of the links 102-104-105 is selected as the redundant route.
- the present invention can also be implemented in a form in which wired links are mixed with wireless links. Further, the present invention can be realized even when a certain communication apparatus has a path control function (for example, the path control apparatus 900 shown in FIG. 2 or a component excluding the communication unit 201 from the path control apparatus 101 in FIG. 3). Furthermore, a plurality of route control devices may exist and be distributed. In this case, any of a plurality of route control devices arranged at different positions may carry out route control and notify the communication device included in the network of the route information. Further, the path control device may be connected to an arbitrary communication device. In this case, the route control device notifies the route information to the communication device included in the network via the connected communication device.
- a path control function for example, the path control apparatus 900 shown in FIG. 2 or a component excluding the communication unit 201 from the path control apparatus 101 in FIG. 3.
- a plurality of route control devices may exist and be distributed. In this case, any of a plurality of route control devices arranged at different
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of a communication apparatus having a path control function.
- the configuration example of FIG. 9 includes a route selection unit 202, a traffic information management unit 203, a topology information management unit 204, a link information management unit 205, and a correlation management unit 206 in addition to the functions of the communication apparatus shown in FIG.
- the components having the same names as those in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 realize the same function, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the communication apparatus 800 shown in FIG. 9 can be replaced with the communication apparatuses 102 to 105 shown in FIG. In this case, any one of the plurality of communication devices may be replaced, or any of a plurality or all of the communication devices may be replaced.
- the communication device that has received the admission request performs a path control process.
- any one communication device receives the admission request.
- the communication device 800 receives the admission request message by the wireless communication units 301 to 303 and sends the message from the packet processing unit 304 to the route selection unit 202.
- the route selection unit 202 performs route control processing according to the received admission request. Since the operation of the route control process is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted. In the case of the present embodiment, after route control processing, route information is notified to other communication devices and traffic information is exchanged.
- the correlation may be obtained by using information indicating the radio wave environment, specifically, a history of information indicating the past radio wave environment in each wireless link.
- the information indicating the radio wave environment includes BER, SNR, CINR and the like.
- the correlation may be calculated using any one or a combination of these.
- the correlation may be calculated using a combination of a history of modulation modes used in the past and a history of information indicating the radio wave environment used in the past. Further, a history including the present time may be used as the communication quality history.
- the fluctuation of the link band is small compared to a modulation mode that is generally changed by adaptive modulation. Therefore, when applied modulation is used, it can be expected that the radio link to be used is selected according to the fluctuation of the band as compared with the case of performing path control using the radio wave environment.
- a radio link using an adaptive modulation technique there is a method of predicting (estimating) a modulation mode to be used by a radio link in the future from a history of modulation schemes used in the past and setting a route. When the modulation mode is predicted, it is possible to use the history of the modulation mode and the history of the change of the modulation mode used in the above embodiments. Thereby, it can be expected that more appropriate prediction is performed.
- the function of path control described in the above embodiments can be realized using a program.
- An apparatus for example, a computer
- that performs path processing includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory that loads a program.
- the program is loaded into a memory in a device that performs a path control function, and a group of instructions constituting the program is executed under the control of a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- the program may be recorded in a memory (nonvolatile memory) in the device, or a program recorded in a recording medium readable by the device may be used.
- the program includes at least a group of instructions that cause the apparatus to execute the following procedure.
- the program is not limited to these processes, and can include a group of instructions for realizing the path control process described in the above embodiments.
- Non-transitory computer readable media include various types of tangible storage media (tangible storage medium). Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include magnetic recording media (eg flexible disks, magnetic tapes, hard disk drives), magneto-optical recording media (eg magneto-optical discs), CD-ROMs (Read Only Memory), CD-Rs, CD-R / W, semiconductor memory (for example, mask ROM, PROM (Programmable ROM), EPROM (Erasable ROM), flash ROM, RAM (random access memory)) are included.
- the program may also be supplied to the computer by various types of temporary computer-readable media. Examples of transitory computer readable media include electrical signals, optical signals, and electromagnetic waves.
- the temporary computer-readable medium can supply the program to the computer via a wired communication path such as an electric wire and an optical fiber, or a wireless communication path.
- the correlation between links is calculated by a method different from that of the first embodiment.
- the modulation scheme used by the radio link is given in FIG.
- the notification is made to correspond to the change of the modulation method used in each radio link, and the correlation is calculated as time series data.
- a history of changes in the modulation scheme used by the radio link between certain times t-1 and t is created as time series data.
- the modulation method changes from 16QAM to 32QAM between times t-1 and t, the numerical value is 1, and if it changes from 16QAM to QPSK, the numerical value is -1, and if it remains 16QAM, the numerical value is 0.
- the link 102-105 if the change of the used modulation method is handled as time-series data, it becomes (0, -1, 1, -1, -1).
- the correlation coefficient is calculated using equation (1) as in the first embodiment.
- Link 102-105 When the link 102-105 is set as a normal route, calculating the correlation between the link 102-105 and the change in each of the other links, Link 102-103: 1.0 Link 103-105: 0.87 Link 103-104: -0.87 Link 102-104: -0.38 Link 104-105: -0.87 Is obtained. For example, on condition that a redundant route is selected from routes satisfying a correlation threshold value of 0.25 or less, the links 102-104-105 are selected as redundant routes.
- Link 102-105 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇
- Link 102-103 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇
- Link 103-105 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇
- Links 103-104 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇
- Link 102-104 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇
- Link 104-105 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 6
- the redundant route is set by using the route control processing according to the present invention.
- the correlation coefficient is calculated using the correlation management unit 206, the correlation with the normal path links 102-105 is as follows. As a result, the links 102-104-105 are selected as redundant paths.
- Link 102-103 1.0 Link 103-105: 0.71 Link 103-104: -0.45 Link 102-104: 0.0 Link 104-105: -0.45
- the correlation due to the history of the modulation mode is 1, but the BER history of link A and link B is (10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 7 , 10 ⁇ 6 ), (10 ⁇ 7 , 10 ⁇ 6 , 10 ⁇ 5 , 10 ⁇ 5 ), and correlation is obtained, ⁇ 0.664 is obtained. Therefore, in practice, the BER correlation is used instead of the modulation mode. In such a case, it is possible to simply calculate both correlations and use the larger value.
- Link 102-103 1.0 Link 103-105: 0.89 Link 103-104: -0.89 Link 102-104: -0.8 Link 104-105: -0.89
- Link 102-103 1.0 Link 103-105: 0.87 Link 103-104: -0.87 Link 102-104: -0.38 Link 104-105: -0.87
- Link 102-103 1.0 Link 103-105: 0.89 Link 103-104: -0.87 Link 102-104: -0.38 Link 104-105: -0.87
- the route control device calculates a correlation between communication qualities between the wireless links constituting the network, and performs route setting.
- a route is selected using a highly correlated link.
- route receives from the fall of a transmission rate can be suppressed.
- a radio link having a negative correlation or non-correlation with a radio link used in a normal path is used as a redundant path.
- the present invention can be applied to a wireless broadband system including a wireless link and a mobile network system.
- Route control device 102 101, 900 Route control device 102, 103, 104, 105, 800 Communication device 201 Communication unit 202 Route selection unit 203 Traffic information management unit 204 Topology information management unit 205 Link information management unit 206 Correlation management unit 301, 302, 303 Wireless communication Unit 304 packet processing unit 305 route table management unit 306 link state management unit 901 information management unit 902 route selection unit
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Abstract
Description
本発明の目的は、複数の無線リンクで構成されたネットワークにおいて、無線リンク同士の通信品質の相関に基づいた経路制御を実現することである。
また、通常経路は、任意のトラヒックが平常時に利用する経路であり、冗長経路は、障害等により通常経路を利用できなくなったときや、通信品質が劣化した場合などに、利用する経路である。冗長経路は、通信の安全性を維持するために設定される。
これは、通常経路と冗長経路において、両経路が同時に現在の伝送レートよりも低い変調方式を用いることを避けることになる。例えば、通常経路の伝送レートが低下した場合、通信品質の相関が弱い冗長経路では、伝送レートは一定のままか、逆に伝送レートが向上するリンクを冗長経路に用いることになる。このため、通常経路に流れているトラヒックを冗長経路に迂回し、トラヒックの通信品質を保証することができる。
経路制御装置900は、情報管理部(情報管理手段)901と、経路選択部(経路選択手段)902とを備える。
情報管理部901は、複数の通信装置102~105が利用する、複数の無線リンク間の通信品質の相関に関する情報を管理する。また、情報管理部901は、フローの経路を制御するときに必要な情報を管理する。例えば、相関を計算するときに用いる通信品質に関する情報や、経路選択部902が経路を選択するときに用いる経路に関する情報を保持・管理する。情報管理部901の詳細は第一の実施形態で図3を用いて後述する。さらに、情報管理部901は、複数の通信装置から受け取った通信品質を用いて、複数の無線リンクの通信品質の相関を計算する機能を備えていてもよいし、複数の通信装置から通信品質の相関を計算した結果(例えば、相関係数)を受け取り、保持していてもよい。
経路選択部902は、情報管理部901が管理する相関を使用して、フローの経路を選択(探索)する。選択したフローの経路は、複数の通信装置102~105へ通知される。これにより、相関に基づいて選択した経路がネットワークに設定される。選択したフローの経路は、経路選択部902の指示によって通知されてもよいし、経路選択部902が選択したフローの経路を出力した先の構成要素が、他の通信装置に通知してもよい。ここでは通知方法の詳細については説明を省略する。
以下、発明を実施するための最良の形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図3は、第一の実施形態の経路制御装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。
図3に示されるように、経路制御装置101は、通信部201、経路選択部202、トラヒック情報管理部203、トポロジー情報管理部204、リンク情報管理部205及び相関管理部206を含む。
パケット処理部304は、パケットの転送処理、自身の経路表の更新、自身が管理する無線リンクのBERや、使用している変調モード、帯域が利用できる安定度といったリンク情報を経路制御装置へ通知する機能を有する。
経路表管理部305は、自身の経路表を管理し、経路制御装置101からの通知により経路表を適宜更新する。
リンク状態管理部306は、自身が管理するリンクのBERや、使用している変調モード、といったリンク情報の管理を行う。
ここで、x_i、y_iは時系列のi番目(iは、i>0の整数)のデータを示し、X、Yは、その時系列データの平均を示す。
リンク102-103: 1.0
リンク103-105: 0.89
リンク103-104: -0.89
リンク102-104: -0.8
リンク104-105: -0.89
まず、経路制御装置101は、アドミッションの要求を、ネットワーク管理者あるいはトラヒックを流したい者が利用する装置から受け付ける(ステップ701)。経路制御装置101は、アドミッションの要求に応じて、通常経路を選択する(ステップ702)。通常経路は、例えば、図6に示す手順に従い、相関管理部206及び経路選択部202によって選択する。
ここで、図8に示すアドミッション制御を図7の変調方式の履歴を用いて説明する。通常経路としてリンク102-105が選択され、各無線リンクが現在または過去に使用した変調方式が図7で与えられる場合において、経路選択部202が図8のステップ703で行う相関の計算および図8のステップ704での冗長経路の探索について述べる。
リンク102-103: 1.0
リンク103-105: 0.89
リンク103-104: -0.89
リンク102-104: -0.8
リンク104-105: -0.89
さらに、経路制御装置が任意の通信装置に接続されている場合であってもよい。この場合、経路制御装置は、接続された通信装置を介して、ネットワークに含まれる通信装置へ経路情報を通知する。
本発明の第2の実施形態として、経路制御の機能を各通信装置が備え、経路制御を分散して行う一態様を説明する。図9に経路制御の機能を備える通信装置の構成例を示す。図9の構成例では、図4に示した通信装置の機能に加え、経路選択部202、トラヒック情報管理部203、トポロジー情報管理部204、リンク情報管理部205及び相関管理部206を備える。図3または図4と名称が同じ構成要素は同様の機能を実現するものであるため、その説明を省略する。
上記各実施形態では、変調モード、具体的には各無線リンクにおいて過去に使用された変調モードの履歴を用いて相関を求める場合を説明した。変調モードに替えて、電波環境を示す情報、具体的には各無線リンクにおける過去の電波環境を示す情報の履歴を用いて相関を求めてもよい。電波環境を示す情報には、BER、SNR、あるいはCINRなどが含まれる。これらのいずれか一つまたは複数の組み合わせを用いて相関を計算してもよい。
また、過去に使用された変調モードの履歴と過去に使用された電波環境を示す情報の履歴との組み合わせを用いて相関を計算してもよい。さらに、通信品質の履歴には現在を含めた履歴を用いてもよい。
また、例えば、適応変調技術を用いた無線リンクにおいて、過去に使用した変調方式の履歴などから、将来無線リンクが使用する変調モードを予測(推定)し、経路設定を行う手法がある。変調モードの予測をする場合に、上記各実施形態で利用する変調モードの履歴や変調モードの変化の履歴を用いることが可能である。これにより、より適切な予測が実施されることが期待できる。
上記各実施形態で説明した経路制御の機能(図2または図3において無線通信部301を除いた構成要素)は、プログラムを用いて実現することができる。経路処理を実施する装置(例えば、コンピュータ)は、CPU(Central Processing Unit)と、プログラムをロードするメモリとを備える。プログラムは、経路制御の機能を実施する装置内のメモリにロードされ、CPU(Central Processing Unit)の制御のもとでプログラムを構成する命令群が実行される。また、プログラムは、当該装置内のメモリ(不揮発性メモリ)に記録されていてもよいし、当該装置が読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録されたものを用いてもよい。
以下、具体的な相関係数を用いて経路制御処理の動作を説明する。以下の実施形態では、図3に示す経路制御装置101または図9に示す通信装置とのいずれでも実施可能である。また、各実施形態では、図1に示す通信装置102~105がネットワーク上に配置されている場合を前提として具体的な数値を用いて説明する。
リンク102-103: 1.0
リンク103-105: 0.87
リンク103-104: -0.87
リンク102-104: -0.38
リンク104-105: -0.87
が得られる。例えば、相関の閾値が0.25以下を満たす経路の中から冗長経路を選択することを条件にすると、リンク102-104-105が冗長経路として選択される。
第六の実施形態では、通常経路が複数の無線リンクによって構成されている場合について説明する。ここでは、冗長経路を設定するときに、通常経路全体との相関を計算し、冗長経路を設定する。例えば、通常経路としてリンク102-104-105が設定されたとする。この場合、複数のリンクによって構成されているため、各リンクの時系列データを組み合わせて、経路全体の時系列データを作成する。具体的には、経路がリンクA,Bにより構成されている場合、リンクAの時系列データをM_A、リンクBの時系列データをM_Bとすると、経路全体の時系列データをMin(M_A,M_B)とする。
リンク102-105: -0.45
リンク102-103: -0.45
リンク103-104: 0.447
リンク103-105: -0.87
となる。相関の閾値が0.25とすると、リンク102-105とリンク102-103-105のどちらの経路も冗長経路として用いることができる。例えば、ホップ数の少ないリンクを優先すると、リンク102-105を冗長経路として選択される。
第七の実施形態では、電波環境を示す情報として、BERを用いて無線リンク同士の相関を計算する場合について述べる。例えば、各リンクのBERが次のように与えられるとする。ここでは、過去のBERの履歴として6個の情報を示している。
リンク102-103:{10-5,10-6,10-6,10-5,10-5,10-6}
リンク103-105:{10-5,10-6,10-5,10-5,10-5,10-6}
リンク103-104:{10-6,10-6,10-5,10-6,10-6,10-6}
リンク102-104:{10-5,10-5,10-5,10-5,10-5,10-5}
リンク104-105:{10-6,10-6,10-5,10-6,10-6,10-6}
リンク103-105: 0.71
リンク103-104: -0.45
リンク102-104: 0.0
リンク104-105: -0.45
第八の実施形態では、変調モードの履歴と電波環境の履歴とを用いる場合を説明する。
相関を計算する対象となるリンクで、両方とも変調モードの履歴が一定で変化しない場合(同じ変調方式を使用し続ける場合)に、電波環境の相関を計算して、リンク間の相関を計算するケースを説明する。
リンクAとリンクBがともに、変調モードとして、16QAMを使用し続けていた場合、変調モードの履歴による相関は1であるが、リンクA、リンクBのBERの履歴がそれぞれ、(10-5,10-6,10-7,10-6)、(10-7,10-6,10-5,10-5)で、相関をとると、-0.664が得られる。このため、実際には、変調モードに替えてBERの相関を用いる。
このような場合、単純に両方の相関を計算して、どちらか大きい値を用いるというやり方が可能となる。
第九の実施形態では、変調モードの履歴と変調モードの変化の相関とを用いる場合を説明する。
リンク102-105の相関を計算する場合、変調モードそのものの相関と変調モードの変化の相関を計算すると異なる相関を取得することができる。一例を以下に示す。
リンク102-103: 1.0
リンク103-105: 0.89
リンク103-104: -0.89
リンク102-104: -0.8
リンク104-105: -0.89
リンク102-103: 1.0
リンク103-105: 0.87
リンク103-104: -0.87
リンク102-104: -0.38
リンク104-105: -0.87
リンク102-103: 1.0
リンク103-105: 0.89
リンク103-104: -0.87
リンク102-104: -0.38
リンク104-105: -0.87
具体的には、経路制御装置は、ネットワークを構成する各無線リンク同士の通信品質の相関を計算し、経路設定を行う。相関が強いリンクを用いて経路を選択する。これにより、経路が伝送レートの低下から受ける影響を抑えることができる。
また、通常経路で使用される無線リンクとは、負の相関を持つか、無相関を持つ無線リンクを冗長経路に用いる。これにより、伝送レートが変動する場合において、通常経路と冗長経路で同時に伝送レートが低下するといった場合を回避することができる。
102、103、104、105、800 通信装置
201 通信部
202 経路選択部
203 トラヒック情報管理部
204 トポロジー情報管理部
205 リンク情報管理部
206 相関管理部
301、302、303 無線通信部
304 パケット処理部
305 経路表管理部
306 リンク状態管理部
901 情報管理部
902 経路選択部
Claims (15)
- 複数の通信装置間を接続する複数の無線リンクの経路制御装置であって、
前記複数の無線リンク間の通信品質の相関を記憶する情報管理手段と、
前記複数の無線リンク間の通信品質の相関を使用してフローの経路を選択する経路選択手段と、を有する経路制御装置。 - 前記経路選択手段は、前記フローの経路として、通常経路と冗長経路とを選択すること特徴とする請求項1に記載の経路制御装置。
- 前記通信品質は、前記複数の無線リンクで使用された変調モードの履歴を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の経路制御装置。
- 前記通信品質は、前記複数の無線リンクの電波環境を示す情報の履歴を含むこと特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の経路制御装置。
- 前記使用された変調モードの履歴は、変調モードを数値に対応づけた履歴と、変調モードの変化を数値に対応づけた履歴との少なくともいずれかを含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の経路制御装置。
- 前記電波環境を示す情報は、BER(Bit Error Rate)、SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)もしくはCINR(Carrier to Interference plus Noise)のうち少なくともいずれかを含むものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の経路制御装置。
- 前記経路選択手段は、前記複数の無線リンクの通信品質の相関の強さに応じて、前記複数の無線リンクを複数のグループに分け、同じグループに属する無線リンクを用いて前記フローの経路を選択することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の経路制御装置。
- 前記経路選択手段は、前記フローの経路として、冗長経路を、通常経路を構成する無線リンクと一定以下の相関を持つ無線リンクの中から、選択することを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の経路制御装置。
- 前記情報管理手段は、前記複数の無線リンクの通信品質を使用して、前記通常経路が使用する無線リンクと、他の無線リンクとの相関係数を計算し、
前記経路選択手段は、計算した相関係数が所定の条件を満たす無線リンクを前記冗長経路として選択することを特徴とする請求項8記載の経路制御装置。 - 前記情報管理手段は、通常経路が複数の無線リンクから構成されているとき、通信品質として、各時刻について最も低い伝送レートの変調モードを選択し、選択した通信品質を用いて相関係数を計算することを特徴とする請求項3または5に記載の経路制御装置。
- 前記情報管理手段は、通常経路が複数の無線リンクから構成されているとき、通信品質として、各時刻について最も悪い電波環境を選択し、選択した通信品質を用いて相関係数を計算することを特徴とする請求項4または6に記載の経路制御装置。
- 複数の無線リンクを用いて通信する複数の通信装置と、
前記複数の無線リンク間の通信品質の相関を使用してフローの経路を選択する経路制御装置と、を有する経路制御システム。 - 前記経路制御装置は、前記複数の通信装置の少なくとも一つに搭載されていることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の経路制御システム。
- 複数の通信装置が複数の無線リンクを利用して通信するネットワークの経路制御方法であって、
前記複数の無線リンク間の通信品質の相関を使用してフローの経路を選択する経路制御方法。 - 複数の通信装置が複数の無線リンクを利用して通信するネットワークの経路を制御するプログラムが格納された非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体であって、
コンピュータに、
前記複数の無線リンク間の通信品質の相関を使用してフローの経路を選択する処理を実行させるプログラムが格納された非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体。
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| WO2014133066A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 通信システム、端末、通信制御装置、通信方法及びプログラム |
| US9769856B2 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2017-09-19 | Nec Corporation | Communication communication system, terminal, communication control apparatus, method and program |
| CN104144425A (zh) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-12 | 索尼公司 | 无线通信系统中的网络管理装置、方法和装置 |
| JP2015186010A (ja) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-10-22 | 富士通株式会社 | 無線ネットワークシステム、無線ネットワークシステムの通信制御方法、制御装置、ネットワークエレメント、及び、通信制御プログラム |
| WO2017145391A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-26 | 2017-08-31 | 富士通株式会社 | 通信コスト算出プログラム、通信コスト算出装置および通信コスト算出方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5541278B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
| JPWO2010119627A1 (ja) | 2012-10-22 |
| US9503958B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
| US20120020222A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
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