WO2010112252A1 - Electric circuit for disconnecting batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric circuit for disconnecting a battery from a connected load, comprising a battery having at least two poles, a load, a contactor connected in series between a first pole of the battery and the load, and a bistable relay connected in series between a second pole of the battery and the load.

Description

 5 description

title

Electrical circuit for the separation of batteries

L O state of the art

Battery systems are increasingly being used both in stationary applications (for example in wind turbines) and in mobile applications (for example in hybrid and / or electric vehicles)

L 5 in terms of their reliability. Background for this high

Requirements for reliability, for example, that a failure of the battery can lead to a failure of the entire system. For example, in the case of an electric vehicle, a failure of the traction battery can lead to the vehicle "lying down." The failure of a battery can also lead to

10 lead to a safety-relevant problem, such as wind turbines. Wind turbines usually have a battery that supplies an electric motor, which ensures that the rotor blade position can be changed. Thus, e.g. If the wind is too strong, the rotor blade position is changed in such a way that impermissible operating conditions and thus impairments of the system

15 or a risk to the environment can be avoided.

In order to achieve the required power and energy data with the battery system, individual battery cells are connected in series and partly in parallel.

30

In order to enable a separation of the battery system from a connected consumer, such as a vehicle electrical system, Sagittarius are provided in series to both battery poles in the rule (see Fig. 1). These contactors allow the multiple shutdown of such a system under

35 load. However, the use of shooters is very costly. Besides contactors require in the on / closed state a significant holding current.

The present invention has for its object to reduce or overcome one or more disadvantages of the described prior art.

Disclosure of Invention L o

The object is achieved by providing an electrical circuit for

Separating a battery from a connected consumer, comprising i) a battery having at least two poles, ii) a consumer,

Iii) a contactor arranged in series between a first pole of the battery and the

Connected consumer, and iv) a bistable relay, which is connected in series between a second pole of the battery and the consumer.

In such a circuit, in contrast to circuits of the prior art

Technique, only on one of the two battery poles a conventional contactor used. This contactor is used to shut down the system in the event of a malfunction. At the other battery pole a bistable relay is used, which allows a galvanic separation of battery and consumer, but no one

15 or shutdown under load current can make. For a separation of battery and consumer, the contactor is first opened. After the current flow through the battery terminals and the battery is interrupted, the bistable relay is opened. Since no holding current is necessary for the bistable relay during regular operation of the system, when switched on

30 of the system energy can be saved. In the circuit according to the invention, a holding current only has to be provided for a contactor during operation of the system.

The electrical circuit according to the invention comprises a battery with at least two poles. The erfindungegemäße electrical circuit may also have more than one battery. For the purposes of the present invention, a battery can be understood to mean any energy store which stores energy by means of electrochemical processes. In particular, these include energy storage

5 understand that contain one or more in series and possibly also connected in parallel accumulator and / or battery cells. Preferred electrochemical energy storage devices can be fuel cells, in particular of the type alkaline fuel cell (AFC), polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), phosphoric acid fuel

L o cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and / or solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Further preferred electrochemical energy accumulators can be accumulator cells, in particular of the type Pb - lead-acid battery, NiCd - nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery, NiH2 - nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery, NiMH - nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery, Li-Ion - lithium-ion rechargeable battery, LiPo - Li-

L 5 thium polymer battery, LiFe - lithium metal battery, Li-Mn - lithium manganese battery,

LiFePO ₄ - Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery, LiTi - Lithium Titanate Battery, RAM - Rechargeable Alkaline Manganese, Ni-Fe - Nickel-Iron Battery, Na / NiCI - High Temperature Nickel Nickel Chloride Battery SCiB - Super Charge Ion Battery, Silver-Zinc Battery, Silicone Battery, Vanadium Redox Battery and / or

10 zinc-bromine battery.

The battery has at least two poles, one pole corresponding to the plus pole and one pole to the negative pole. The output voltage and power of the battery can be tapped via these poles. The battery can be functionally connected to a load via these poles, so that it can come to a closed flow of current across the poles and the connected loads.

The electrical circuit according to the invention has a consumer. A consumer may, for the purposes of the present invention, be any electrical

30 consumers are understood to be connected to the battery of the circuit and can be supplied with battery power. These may be stationary consumers, such as Wi-Fi power plants, or a mobile consumer, such as a consumer. a vehicle. The inventive electrical circuit may also have more than one consumer.

35 - A -

The electrical circuit has a contactor connected in series between a first pole of the battery and a load. This first pole can be either the plus or the minus pole of the battery.

5 The contactor is an electrically operated or electronic switch, especially for larger outputs. The contactor knows two switch positions, open or closed, and switches monostable, i. without a permanent holding current, the contactor is in its stable circuit state.

L 0 For the purposes of the present invention, the term "contactor" covers only those contactors which are open in the stable switching state (also idle state) and interrupt a current flow between the battery and the connected consumer, so-called normally open contacts close a current flow between the battery and the

In order to allow a load, a permanent holding current is required to keep the contactor closed. If this holding current is interrupted, the contactor switches to the stable switching state, the open state.

> 0 The following section explains how a contactor works using the example of an electromechanical contactor. If a current flows through the magnet coil of an electromechanical contactor, the magnetic field pulls the mechanical contacts into the active state, the contactor then lies closed. Without a current flow, a spring restores the idle state, all contacts

15 return to their original position, the contactor is now open again.

The person skilled in suitable embodiments of contactors are known, which can be used in the electrical circuit according to the invention.

The electrical circuit has a bistable relay connected in series between a second pole of the battery and the load. The second pole may be either the positive pole of the battery when the first pole is the negative pole, or the second pole may be the negative pole of the battery when the first pole is the positive pole of the battery.

35 A relay is a powered by electric current, usually electromagnetic acting, remote-controlled switch with two switch positions. The relay is activated via a control circuit and can switch additional circuits.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "bistable relay" is understood to mean switches which are capable of assuming two different stable switching states when de-energized.Baladic relays may be either open or closed, maintaining the current switching state no holding current is necessary

L 0 relay is only required for the switching process as such energy, in the respective two stable switching states remains the bistable relay without further power supply or without further energy consumption.

The bistable relays include, for example, surge relays. Surge relay L 5 (also referred to as a surge switch) switch in the case of a current pulse in the other stable switching state and maintain this until the next pulse. At each switching operation, the impulse switch receives an electrical impulse which causes a switching state change which is maintained mechanically or electronically until the next impulse. Maintaining the state can be ensured by mechanical locking and requires no power supply.

For the purposes of the invention, the bistable relays also include relay or remanence relays. Hinge relays use the remanence to remain in the switched state after switching off the switching current. In the case of the relay, the

15 used residual magnetism (remanence) of an electromagnet used. After one

Activation pulse remains the anchor (which actuates the contacts) adhere to the bobbin. This condition persists until a counter-pulse (usually via a second winding on the relay) establishes a counter-directional magnetic field in the relay which extinguishes the existing magnetic field so that the armature drops. Some

30 adhesive relays have an integrated permanent magnet to support low remanence. Adhesive relays have magnetically conductive materials at the contact points of the armature and the relay core. This ensures that the remanent (left after switching off the starting current) magnetism sufficient to hold the armature to the bobbin. Safety relays are used in particular where

35 for the operation is not always available electrical energy. The person skilled in further known embodiments of bistable relays are known, which can be used in the electrical circuit according to the invention. 5

The bistable relay of the circuit according to the invention can be designed in particular as a surge or as an adhesive relay.

The electrical circuit according to the invention can be designed such that L O in the operating state of the circuit both contactor and bistable relay are present in the closed switching state. By opening the contactor, for example by eliminating the holding current, the bistable relay can be switched to an open state. In this case, the contactor can be designed so that when the holding current ceases, the contactor returns to its open rest state L 5 and thus the current flow between the battery and the consumer is interrupted. Upon reaching the resting state of the contactor, a signal, such as a surge can be triggered, which triggers the circuit from closed relay to open relay at the bistable relay. Thus, when the holding current of the contactor, both switches, both the contactor .0 and the bistable relay in the open switching state are present and prevent a conductive connection between the battery and the consumer.

The present invention also relates to a battery system which allows disconnection of the battery from a connected load, comprising: i) a battery having at least one positive and one negative pole, the poles being respectively conductively connected to a contact , so that a current flow between the battery and a consumer connected to the contacts can be produced,

Ii) a contactor connected in series between a first pole of the battery and the corresponding contact of the battery connectable to a consumer, and iii) a bistable relay connected in series between a second pole of the battery and the corresponding one to a consumer connectable contact 35 of the battery is connected. The at least two contacts of the battery system are mounted so that they are accessible (eg from the outside), for example, to connect a consumer to the battery and to allow the production of a closed circuit between the battery and the consumer. Between the contacts and the consumer more electrical components can be switched.

The battery system has a contactor connected in series between a first pole of the battery and the corresponding contact. This first

Pol can be either the plus or the minus pole of the battery.

The battery system includes a bistable relay connected in series between a second pole of the battery and the corresponding contact. L 5 The second pole can be either the positive pole of the battery, if the first

Pol is the negative pole, or the second pole can be the negative pole of the battery, if the first pole is the positive pole of the battery.

In particular, the battery system according to the invention can have a battery housing .0, wherein preferably battery, contactor and bistable relay can be arranged within a common battery housing.

The battery system according to the invention can be designed such that the bistable relay is apparent by opening the contactor. This can be accomplished analogously to the electrical circuit according to the invention.

The bistable relay of the battery system according to the invention may in particular be a surge relay or an adhesive relay.

The present invention also relates to a vehicle maintaining an electrical circuit according to the invention or a battery system according to the invention. The term "vehicle" is to be understood as meaning all driven vehicles which have a battery, irrespective of which drive these motor vehicles have

35 "vehicle" HEV (electric hybrid vehicles), PHEV (plug-in Hybrid vehicles), EV (electric vehicles), fuel cell vehicles, as well as all vehicles that use a Batteire for the electrical power supply of the vehicle and / or vehicle components.

The present invention also relates to the use of a bistable relay for disconnecting a battery system from a connected load, wherein the bistable relay may preferably be a surge relay or an adhesive relay.

L O

characters

Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of a battery system of the prior art, L 5 wherein both battery terminals 1 and 2 of the battery in series with a

Contactor 3 or 4 between battery 1 and 2 and corresponding contact 5 and 6 are connected.

Fig. 2 shows the circuit diagram of a battery system according to the invention, wherein the 10 plus pole 10 of the battery is connected in series with a contactor 30 between battery 10 and corresponding contact 50, while the negative terminal 20 of the battery with a bistable relay 70 between battery terminal 20 and corresponding contact 60 connected in series.

> 5

Claims

5 claims An electrical circuit for disconnecting a battery from a connected load comprising i) a battery having at least two poles, LO ii) a load, iii) a contactor connected in series between a first pole of the battery and the load, and iv) a bistable relay, which in series between a second pole of Battery and the consumer is switched. L5 2. Electrical circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical circuit is designed such that the opening of the contactor, the bistable relay is apparent. > 0 3. Electrical circuit according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the bistable relay is a surge relay or an adhesive relay. 4. battery system .which allows separation of the battery from a connected load, comprising i) a battery having at least one plus and one minus pole, the poles being respectively conductively connected to a contact such that current flows between the battery and a battery ii) a contactor connected in series between a first pole of the battery and the corresponding contact of the battery, and iii) a bistable relay arranged in series between a second pole of the battery Battery and the corresponding contact of the battery is connected. 35 5. Battery system according to claim 4, characterized in that Battery, contactor and bistable relay are arranged in a common battery case. 5 6. Battery system according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the battery system is designed such that by opening the contactor, the bistable relay is apparent. L O 7. Battery system according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the bistable relay is a surge relay or an adhesive relay. L 5 8. Vehicle comprising an electrical circuit according to one of the claims 1 to 3 or a battery system according to one of claims 4 to 7. 9. Use of a bistable relay for disconnecting a battery system from a connected consumer. > 0 10. Use according to claim 9, wherein the bistable relay is a surge relay or an adhesive relay.