WO2010110410A1 - 反応部往復路ダクトを有する熱交換部一体型反応器 - Google Patents
反応部往復路ダクトを有する熱交換部一体型反応器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010110410A1 WO2010110410A1 PCT/JP2010/055322 JP2010055322W WO2010110410A1 WO 2010110410 A1 WO2010110410 A1 WO 2010110410A1 JP 2010055322 W JP2010055322 W JP 2010055322W WO 2010110410 A1 WO2010110410 A1 WO 2010110410A1
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- reaction
- duct
- heat exchange
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
- F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
- F24F12/006—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an air-to-air heat exchanger
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0022—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for chemical reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units
Definitions
- the present invention is a reactor having both a self-heat exchange function and a reaction function, more specifically, by recovering the heat generated in the reaction section in the heat exchange section and efficiently preheating the fluid before the reaction,
- the present invention relates to a reactor capable of reducing the energy required for heating required for the reaction or increasing and stabilizing the temperature of the reaction section to allow the target reaction to proceed with high efficiency.
- the temperature of the target chemical reaction is generally increased by heating the fluid to be treated to a high temperature. It is increasing. Furthermore, in order to perform this heating efficiently, a heat exchanger is used to recover heat from the processed high-temperature fluid to the low-temperature fluid before processing to preheat the fluid before processing, For example, it has been put to practical use as a heat storage type VOC (volatile organic compound) removing device.
- VOC volatile organic compound
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a reactor in which one end of each opening of a catalyst structure that performs a reaction with a multi-tubular cylindrical heat exchange structure is directly connected is presented. Further, Patent Documents 3 to 5 propose a catalyst in which a catalyst for promoting an exothermic reaction is directly disposed in a flow path of a plate type heat exchange structure.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 Although one end of each opening of the heat exchange part and the catalyst structure is directly connected to each other, each other end cannot be directly connected structurally, A pipe-like or gap-like connecting flow path between the mantle and the catalyst structure is provided and indirectly connected. For this reason, in order to form this part, while the volume of the whole reactor becomes large, the heat dissipation as a whole increases, and there exists a problem that the reaction part temperature rising effect by heat recovery cannot be acquired so much. In addition, in a multi-tubular cylindrical heat exchange structure, generally, high heat recovery performance cannot be expected in the case of a small size.
- Patent Documents 3 to 5 a high heat recovery performance can be expected because of the counterflow plate type heat exchange structure.
- heating means such as a catalyst is arranged directly inside the heat exchange structure. Therefore, the catalytic reaction and the heat exchange action interfere with each other, resulting in a large temperature non-uniformity inside the heat exchange structure, particularly in the part where the catalyst is arranged, and as a result, the flow velocity in the part where the temperature is relatively low. As a result, the efficiency of the intended reaction, such as the harmful component removal rate, is reduced.
- Patent Document 4 a structure in which the counterflow plate type heat exchange structure and the reaction part are separated is also proposed (see FIG. 15 of the same document). In this case, the opening of the heat exchange part and the catalyst structure is proposed. A relatively large connecting flow path that connects the sections is required, and heat loss due to heat radiation may increase as in Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the embodiment.
- 2 is a plate-type laminated structure heat exchanger
- 17 and 20 are a part of the space adjacent to the fluid inlet and outlet of the reactor, respectively
- 23 and 24 are in the reactor duct, respectively.
- the arranged reaction element and heat generating element 12 are spaces for communicating the forward path and the return path of the reaction section duct, and a fluid inlet / outlet is provided on one side surface of the plate-type laminated structure heat exchange section 2,
- the state of entering and exiting the reaction duct from the plate-type laminated structure heat exchange part 2 is indicated by arrows.
- this reactor has solved the above-mentioned problems, but it has been found that there are problems to be newly improved as described below.
- FIG. 1b in which three forward ducts and two backward ducts are provided, the forward / return flow in the heat exchanging unit becomes closer to a completely opposite flow, and high heat exchange performance is obtained.
- the temperature distribution in the reaction element is biased, which may hinder the control of the target reaction.
- the flow path is divided into a plurality of parallel sections, it is necessary to install reaction elements and heat generating elements at a plurality of locations, which complicates the apparatus.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and in an integrated reactor having a heat exchanging section and a reaction section, a small number of communicating with each other without increasing the overall volume of the reactor.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a reactor in which a round-trip reaction section duct is formed and high heat recovery performance can be obtained.
- an integrated self-heat exchange structure including a heat exchange unit composed of a plurality of planar flow channels, the heat exchange unit, The reaction part duct directly connected to one side face of the opening of the return path is arranged, and the contents of the prior patent application in which the heat generating element and the reaction element are further arranged inside the duct are improved.
- a new unit is provided for providing a space portion between them, and guiding the space portion of the fluid flowing out from a plurality of regions of the heat exchanging portion to at least one reaction portion outbound duct having the same number or a smaller number than the region.
- Split into ducts The Rukoto found appropriate aggregate structure capable reaction section duct for each round trip path.
- the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems has been completed based on these findings, and comprises the following technical means.
- the heat exchanging part has an integrally formed laminated structure including a plurality of planar flow paths partitioned by laminated planar partition walls that serve as heat exchange surfaces, The plurality of planar flow passages extend in one direction adjacent to each other with two kinds of flow passages serving as a forward path and a return path of the same fluid, On one side surface of the heat exchanging part located at one end in the extending direction, a region having an outgoing path outlet and a region having a return path inlet are provided, In the area where the exit of the forward path is present, openings for discharging the fluid are provided every other stack in the cross section of the plurality of planar flow paths, while in the area where the entrance of the return path is provided, the openings are provided.
- the reaction section includes a reaction element and / or an exothermic element disposed therein, and includes at least one reaction section forward duct and at least one reaction section return duct.
- a heat exchange part integrated reactor provided on the side facing the heat exchange part, a space part for communicating the reaction part forward duct and the reaction part return duct, There are at least two of at least one of the area where the exit of the forward path and the area where the entrance of the return path is located, A space is provided between the heat exchanging unit and the reaction unit, and the space unit is configured to collect at least one collecting duct that collects the flow of fluid from the opening for discharging the fluid into the reaction unit forward duct; An opening that divides the flow of fluid from the reaction part return duct into at least one distribution duct for distributing to the opening for inflow of fluid, and communicates all the aggregate ducts with the reaction part forward duct And a heat exchange unit-integrated reactor provided with an opening for communicating all the distribution ducts with the reaction unit return duct.
- One side surface of the heat exchanging portion forms a plurality of rows of valleys extending in one direction in which only one of the opening of the forward path and the opening of the return path is arranged, and each recessed space
- the present invention it is possible to significantly preheat the fluid to be reacted to accelerate the target reaction rate, to stabilize the temperature in the reaction section, and to highly control the selectivity of the reaction. Can significantly improve the performance. Moreover, it becomes possible to save the heating energy required for reaction. In addition, even when the heat recovery performance is improved by dividing the reciprocal exit of the heat exchanging section into a large number, if the reaction section duct is concentrated to one place in each reciprocating path, the reaction element, for example, a deteriorated honeycomb catalyst, etc. Can be reduced to one or two, so that the time and effort of replacement can be reduced, and even when the reaction element or fluid in the reciprocating path is heated inside the apparatus, there is only one reaction section.
- the present invention is suitable for use as a small and high-performance reaction apparatus that removes harmful components in gas, and particularly suitable as a means for purifying air containing low-concentration VOCs or a relatively low-temperature automobile exhaust gas.
- FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of the reactor of the present invention, showing an example in which a space portion provided between a heat exchange section and a reaction section round-trip duct is divided and aggregated and a distribution duct is provided. .
- the perspective sectional view which looked at the reactor shown in FIG. 2 from the a direction of the figure.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the reactor shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective sectional view of the reactor shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing another embodiment of the reactor of the present invention, and is a perspective sectional view seen from the same direction as FIG. 6, and the side surface 3 has a plurality of rows of valleys, Furthermore, the example which divided
- FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional perspective view showing another example in which the side surface 3 is formed in a plurality of rows of valleys as in FIG. 5, the number of forward collecting ducts is three, the number of return distributing ducts is four, and the outgoing reaction ducts The case where the number is two and the number of reaction ducts on the return path is one is shown. Sectional drawing of heat exchange part center part vicinity of the prototype reactor of this invention.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 are perspective views schematically showing an embodiment of the reactor of the present invention, in the case where there are two regions each having an outward path side outlet and two regions having a return side inlet, respectively.
- segmented the space part provided between the heat exchange part and the reaction part round-trip duct, and provided the distribution duct is shown.
- 3 and 4 are perspective sectional views as seen from the a direction and the b direction in FIG. 2, respectively, and mainly show the flow paths inside the reactor.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a heat exchange unit integrated reactor, a heat exchange unit 2, a reaction unit (not shown) comprising one forward duct 9 and one return duct 11, the reaction unit and the heat exchange unit. 2, and a space portion 12 for allowing the reaction portion forward duct 9 and the reaction portion return duct 11 to communicate with each other.
- reaction elements and heat generation elements are arranged in the reaction part, but these descriptions are omitted in FIGS.
- the heat exchanging unit 2 has an integrally formed laminated structure including a plurality of planar flow paths partitioned by laminated planar partition walls serving as heat exchange surfaces, and includes a fluid inlet 16 and a fluid outlet, respectively.
- the forward path and the backward path sharing 19 are alternately stacked.
- Each of these flow paths extends in one direction, and on one side surface 3 of the heat exchange part located at one end in the extension direction, there is a heat exchange with a region 4 having an outward exit of the heat exchange part.
- Two regions 5 each having a return path entrance are provided.
- One region 4 is provided with a plurality of forward openings serving as forward passage outlets at every other of the plurality of laminated planar flow passage cross sections, and the other region 5 is provided with an opening of the forward passage.
- a plurality of return passage openings each serving as a return passage entrance are provided in every other section of a plurality of planar flow passages where no section is provided.
- 6 is a space portion adjacent to the side surface 3 of the heat exchange unit
- 7 is a part thereof, and the flow from the forward opening of the heat exchange unit 2 in the region 4 is collected.
- 8 is another part of the space 6, and is a duct for distributing the flow from the reaction part return duct 11 to the opening of the return path of the heat exchange part 2 in the region 5.
- aggregation duct and “distribution duct”, respectively.
- the aggregation duct 7 and the distribution duct 8 are separated from each other by a part of the heat exchange section and a wall 13 provided as necessary.
- reaction elements reaction elements
- distribution ducts 8 are all for containing reaction elements and the like.
- the reaction part return duct 11 and the communication port 15 are connected.
- reference numeral 18 denotes a forward path of the heat exchanging unit 2 through a space 17 in which the fluid inlet 16 of the reactor 1 is opened by the same structure as the distribution duct 8.
- a distribution duct for distributing to the opening of the inlet, and 21 is a duct for collecting the discharged fluid from the opening of the return path outlet of the heat exchange unit 2 into the space 20 by the same structure as the aggregation duct 7. .
- the space 20 is further connected to the fluid outlet 19 of the reactor.
- the fluid to be reacted flows into the reactor from the fluid inlet 16, and then the space 17, the distribution duct 18, the forward path of the heat exchange unit 2, the region 4, the aggregation duct 7, and the communication port 14.
- a reaction element is a catalyst structure such as a honeycomb, foam, pellet, or mesh, or a burner, or a non-thermal equilibrium plasma generated by applying a high voltage, to a target chemical reaction with a component contained in a fluid.
- Mean reaction means to proceed.
- Heating elements include electrical resistance heating, microwave and electromagnetic induction heating, burners, combinations of exothermic reaction components in the fluid and catalysts that promote the reaction, non-thermal equilibrium plasma generated by applying high voltage, etc. It means various heating means that can generate heat inside.
- Examples of combinations of exothermic reaction components and catalysts in fluids include solid catalysts containing H 2 , CO, propane and other hydrocarbons and Pt, Pd, Rh, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn and the like as active components
- a general oxidation catalyst reaction such as a combination with can be used.
- the reaction element may also serve as an exothermic element. Even if these reaction means and heat generation means are not provided, if any component in the fluid spontaneously decomposes or oxidizes due to temperature rise and the target reaction proceeds and generates heat, the reaction part duct
- the space itself may be used as a reaction element.
- other elements or functions may be added in addition to these reaction elements.
- ceramic pellets having a large heat capacity can be arranged as the heat storage element.
- the fluid passing through the region 5 with the return path inlet in the heat exchange part 2 passes through the region 4 with the return path outlet.
- the temperature is somewhat higher than the fluid passing through. Due to this temperature difference, heat transfer occurs between the reciprocating flow paths of the heat exchange section 2 from the return path side to the forward path side, and as a result, the fluid temperature in the region 4 where the outbound path exit is higher than when flowing into the present reactor. . That is, with this reactor structure, the fluid to be treated is preheated by the heat exchange action before flowing into the reaction element in the reaction section duct, and the temperature rises greatly. The higher the temperature, the higher the heat recovery performance of the heat exchange section.
- the device is completely insulated, that is, there is no heat dissipated along the outer surface of the device or piping, and the heat recovery rate is 80%, this temperature rise is only caused by heating in the reactor duct. It reaches 5 times the temperature. In general, the higher the temperature, the higher the chemical reaction, so that the target reaction rate can be accelerated by such a large temperature increase.
- VOC volatile organic compound
- the heat exchanging section and the reaction section having a laminated structure with high heat recovery performance can be communicated with each other through the aggregation and distribution ducts of the minimum volume, and these aggregation and distribution ducts.
- the overall shape can be a compact rectangular parallelepiped, so that the degree of heat radiation is reduced.
- the flow direction of the reciprocating path in the heat exchanging section is brought close to a completely opposite flow, that is, the reaction section ducts are gathered at one place or a few places in the forward and backward paths while exhibiting high heat exchanging performance. Therefore, by placing the reaction element, heating element or other heat storage element or adsorbing material in one place or a few places in the flow path, the target operation for the fluid, ie reaction, heating, adsorption, etc. It can be carried out. For this reason, the reaction control is easier than in the case where there are a large number of reaction ducts depending on the number of regions having fluid inlets and outlets of the heat exchange section, and the structure inside the reaction duct is simplified, and the reactor is The production cost can be reduced.
- the number may be increased, and the heat recovery rate in the heat exchange section can be increased as the number increases.
- the aggregation duct and the distribution duct are not the same number, and either one may be one more than the other. Rather, the duct structure has better symmetry and higher performance can be expected.
- FIG. 2 In FIG. 2 described above, the area where the opening of the forward path outlet of the heat exchanging section and the opening of the return path entrance are on the same plane, but this place is not a single plane but a plurality of rows of valley-shaped depressions. It may be an elongate bowl. 5 and 6 schematically show one embodiment, FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the entire structure, and FIG. 6 is a perspective cross section of the same reactor as viewed from the direction a ′ of FIG. FIG. 5 and 6, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 2 to 4 are used, and the description of the reaction element and the heat generation element is omitted.
- a right-angled isosceles triangle having a cross-sectional shape of 45 ° and a bottom opening angle of 90 ° is formed at the center of the surface corresponding to the side surface 3 of FIG.
- the side surface 3 has a two-row saddle shape whose cross section is a right isosceles triangle (see FIG. 6). Then, by opening (14, 15) a part of the same plane as the upper ridge line of the depression, heat exchange is performed with the region 4 where the forward exit of the heat exchange section is located and the reaction section forward duct 9 or the reaction section return duct 11. The area 5 where the return path entrance of the section 2 is located is in communication. Further, the positional relationship regarding the flow of the space portion 17 directly connected to the fluid inlet 16 of the reactor and the other distribution duct 18 is the same as the positional relationship between the reaction portion return duct 11 and the distribution duct 8. The positional relationship between the space portion 20 directly connected to the discharge port 19 and another aggregation duct 21 is the same as the positional relationship between the reaction portion forward duct 9 and the aggregation duct 7.
- the valley-shaped depressions on the side surface of the heat exchange part form a duct that communicates the plurality of opening regions of the heat exchange part with the pair of reaction part round-trip ducts and the pair of reactor inlets and outlets.
- half of the thickness corresponding to the space 6 and the space 22 in FIG. 2 forms an orthogonal heat exchange structure, and higher heat exchange performance can be exhibited with the same volume.
- region with each entrance / exit of a heat exchange part is slanting, the geometric surface area becomes large compared with FIG. 2, and the pressure loss of the flow in this part can be made small.
- the cross section of the central valley is a right-angled isosceles triangle, but the opening angle of the valley bottom is not limited to 90 °.
- the cross-sectional shape of the valley is not limited to an isosceles triangle, and other shapes of triangles, trapezoids, semicircles, arcs, etc. may be used as long as the openings of the heat exchange part can be arranged in one direction. Absent.
- the number of troughs is three was described here, there may be four or more. Rather, the greater the number of valley rows, the better the heat recovery rate in the heat exchanging portion, and the effect of the present invention is more greatly exhibited.
- FIG. 7 shows another embodiment in which the partition wall 13 similar to FIG. 2 is provided in the case where the side surface where the fluid inlet / outlet opens as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective sectional view seen from the same direction as FIG. 6.
- This embodiment is a combination of the shapes of FIG. 2 and FIG. 5, that is, an aggregation / distribution duct is formed in a recess in the valley of the heat exchange section and a clearance space provided between the reaction section duct and the heat exchange section. It consists of both.
- the cross-sectional area of the aggregation and distribution duct can be adjusted by the height of the clearance space without being limited to the shape of the depression. This makes it possible to reduce the pressure loss of the flow in this duct portion until it is needed.
- FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional perspective view showing another example of the present invention having an aggregation duct and a distribution duct, similar to the apparatus shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and uses the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 5 and 6. The description of the reaction element and the exothermic element is omitted.
- the side surface of the heat exchange section on the reaction section duct side has a six-row saddle shape with a cross section of a right isosceles triangle, and three converging ducts 7 in the outward path are formed in the valley-shaped gap.
- Four distribution ducts 8 are formed. Furthermore, there are two outgoing reaction ducts 9 and one return reaction duct 11.
- Patent Document 6 When a heat exchange unit integrated reactor having the same heat exchange unit structure is manufactured based on the prior art (Patent Document 6), corresponding to the number of fluid outlets and inlet regions of the heat exchange unit on the reaction unit duct side, The number of reaction part ducts in the forward path is three, the number of reaction part ducts in the return path is four, and a total of seven reaction part ducts are formed, and it is necessary to arrange reaction elements corresponding to this number, The device becomes very complex. On the other hand, in the case of the present embodiment, the total number of reaction part ducts in the round-trip path can be reduced to 3, so that the arrangement of reaction elements (not shown) can be greatly simplified. In particular, since there is only one reaction section duct on the return path, and the entire amount of fluid passes through this, auxiliary heating of the fluid can be performed by arranging only one heating element here, which is very convenient in practice. .
- the side surface 3 has a six-row saddle shape whose cross section is a right-angled isosceles triangle, and includes two outward ducts and one return duct.
- a reactor with an integrated exchange unit was prototyped.
- FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the central part in the vicinity of the heat exchange part of the prototype reactor.
- the heat exchanger section has a width of about 180 mm, a total length of about 130 mm in the flow direction, a thickness of about 180 mm in the stacking direction, and a width of each clearance channel of 2.0 mm.
- the flow area in the reciprocating path in the heat exchange section is much closer to the completely opposite flow by dividing the entrance / exit area of the heat exchange section into a large number.
- a cordierite honeycomb carrying a platinum catalyst 400 cells per square inch, volume 780 cm 3 , platinum carrying amount 5.9 g is accommodated in the reaction part duct on the return path of the reactor, and hydrogen is contained therein.
- the catalyst was combusted by flowing 499 L / min of air containing 0 to 1%, and the heat recovery performance was evaluated by measuring the temperature at the entrance and exit of the heat exchange section.
- Heat exchange unit integrated reactor having a pair of round-trip ducts as reaction units 2: Heat exchange unit having a laminated structure 3: One side of heat exchange unit 4: Heat exchange unit provided on a part of side surface 3 Area where the forward exit is located 5: Area where the return entrance of the heat exchanging part provided in a part of the side surface 3 is located 6: Space part adjacent to the side face 7 7: Aggregation duct for collecting the flow from the outward exit of the heat exchanging part 8 : Distribution duct for distributing the return flow from the reaction section return duct 11 to each return opening of the heat exchange section 9: Reaction section outbound duct for containing reaction elements and the like 10: Reaction section outbound duct 9 and reaction section return duct 11: Reaction part return duct for accommodating reaction elements and the like 12: Reaction part return duct 9 and space part for communicating reaction part return duct 11 13: Aggregate ducts 7 and 21 in the space parts 6 and 22 And the distribution ducts 8 and 18 Wall 14: A communication port for concentrating the flow of the
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Abstract
Description
さらに、特許文献3ないし5では、プレート型熱交換構造の流路内に発熱反応を促進する触媒を直接配置したものが提案されている。
特許文献4の場合には、対向流プレート型熱交換構造と反応部を分離した構造も提案されているが(同文献の図15参照)、この場合には熱交換部と触媒構造体の開口部を結ぶ比較的大きな連結流路が必要になって、特許文献1、2と同様に放熱による熱の損失が大きくなるおそれがある。
しかしながら、この反応器では前述の問題点は解消されるが、以下に述べるように、新たに改良すべき課題があることが判明した。
[1]熱交換部と反応部を一体的に組み合わせた反応器において、
該熱交換部は、熱交換面となる積層された面状隔壁によって仕切られた複数の面状流路を備えた一体形成された積層構造を有し、
前記複数の面状流路は、同一流体の往路と復路となる二種類の流路が互いに一つ置きに隣り合って一方向に伸長しており、
該伸長方向の一端に位置する前記熱交換部の一つの側面に、往路の出口がある領域及び復路の入口がある領域を設け、
往路の出口がある領域には、前記複数の面状流路断面に流体排出のための開口部を積層の一つ置きに設け、一方、復路の入口がある領域には、前記開口部が設けられていない積層の一つ置きの複数の面状流路断面に流体流入のための開口部を設け、
前記反応部は、その内部に反応要素及び/又は発熱要素が配置されたものであって、少なくとも一つの反応部往路ダクトと少なくとも一つの反応部復路ダクトからなり、
さらに、該反応部往路ダクトと該反応部復路ダクトを連通させる空間部を前記熱交換部と対向する側に設けた熱交換部一体型反応器であって、
前記往路の出口のある領域及び前記復路の入口がある領域の少なくともいずれか一方が二箇所以上あり、
前記熱交換部と前記反応部の間に空間部を設け、該空間部を、前記流体排出のための開口部からの流体の流れを前記反応部往路ダクトに集約する少なくとも一つの集約ダクトと、前記反応部復路ダクトからの流体の流れを、前記流体流入のための開口部へ分配するための少なくとも一つの分配ダクトに分割するとともに、すべての集約ダクトと前記反応部往路ダクトを連通させる開口部、及びすべての分配ダクトと前記反応部復路ダクトを連通させる開口部を設けたことを特徴とする熱交換部一体型反応器。
[2]前記熱交換部の一つの側面が、往路の開口部及び復路の開口部のそれぞれの一方だけが並んだ一方向に伸長する複数列の谷状をなしており、それぞれの窪んだ空間部が前記の往復路それぞれの流れを集約するダクト又は分配ダクトあるいはその一部をなすことを特徴とする上記[1]の熱交換部一体型反応器。
図2~4は、本発明の反応器の一実施形態を模式的に示す透視図であり、熱交換部の往路側出口のある領域及び復路側入口のある領域がそれぞれ2つある場合について、熱交換部と反応部往復路ダクトの間に設けた空間部を分割して集約、分配ダクトを設けた例を示している。図3及び図4は、それぞれ図2のa方向及びb方向から見た透視断面図であり、主に反応器内部の流れの経路を示したものである。
図中、1は、熱交換部一体型反応器であり、熱交換部2と、1つの往路ダクト9と1つの復路ダクト11からなる反応部(符号なし)、該反応部と前記熱交換部2の間に設けられた空間部6、及び反応部往路ダクト9と反応部復路ダクト11を連通させるための空間部12とから構成されている。なお、図1に図示したと同様に、反応部内には反応要素及び発熱要素が配置されるが、図2~4では、これらの記載を省略してある。
図2ではその構造の詳細を省略しているが、18は、分配ダクト8と同様の構造により反応器1の流体流入口16が開口している空間部17から流体を熱交換部2の往路入口の開口部に分配させるための分配ダクトであり、21は集約ダクト7と同様の構造により熱交換部2の復路出口の開口部からの排出流体を空間部20に集約するためのダクトである。空間部20は、さらに、反応器の流体排出口19へつながっている。
前述の図2では、熱交換部の往路出口の開口部のある領域と復路入口のある開口部が同一平面上にあるが、この箇所が1つの平面でなく、複数列の谷状の窪みが伸長する畝状となっていてもよい。図5及び図6はその一つの実施形態を模式的に示したものであり、図5は全体構造の立体透視図であり、図6は同じ反応器を図5のa’方向からみた透視断面図である。なお、図5、6では、図2~4の符号と同一の符号を用いており、反応要素及び発熱要素の記載を省略してある。
図7は、図5のような流体出入り口が開口する側面が複数列の谷状の熱交換部を有する場合について、図2と同様の仕切壁13を設けた別の実施形態を、図3および図6と同様の方向から見た透視断面図である。
図8は、図5、6に示す装置と同様に、集約ダクトおよび分配ダクトを有する本発明の別の例を示す立体透視図であって、図5、6の符号と同一の符号を用いており、反応要素及び発熱要素の記載を省略してある。
この例では、反応部ダクト側の熱交換部の側面が、断面が直角二等辺三角形の6列の畝状となっており、その谷状のすきまに往路の集約ダクト7が3個、復路の分配ダクト8が4個形成されている。さらに、往路の反応部ダクト9が2個、復路の反応ダクト11が1個となっている。先行技術(特許文献6)に基づいて同様の熱交換部構造を有する熱交換部一体型反応器を製作すると、反応部ダクト側における熱交換部の流体出口および入口領域の数に対応して、往路の反応部ダクト数が3個、復路の反応部ダクト数が4個、計7個の反応部ダクトが形成されることになり、この数に見合った反応要素等を配置する必要が生じ、装置がきわめて複雑化してしまう。一方、本実施形態の場合は、往復路の反応部ダクトの総数を3個にまで減少できるので、反応要素等(図示せず)の配置が大幅に簡略化できる。特に、復路の反応部ダクトは1個であり、ここを流体全量が通過するので、たった1つの発熱要素をここに配置することにより流体の補助加熱を行うことができ、実用上たいへん便利になる。
本発明の効果を検証するため、図8に示すような、側面3が、断面が直角二等辺三角形の6列の畝状になっており、往路ダクトが2個、復路ダクトが1個の熱交換部一体型反応器を試作した。図9に、本試作反応器の熱交換部付近の中央部断面図を示す。熱交換器部は幅約180mm、流れ方向の全長約130mm、積層方向の厚さ約180mm、各すきま流路の幅2.0mmである。図に記入した流線からわかるように、本試作器では、熱交換部の出入口領域を多数に分割したことにより、熱交換部内での往復路の流れが互いに完全な対向流にかなり近くなっている。さらに、この反応器の復路の反応部ダクトに、白金触媒を担持したコージェライト製ハニカム(セル密度1平方インチ当たり400個、体積780cm3、白金担持量5.9g)を収納し、ここに水素を0~1%含む空気を499L/min流すことにより触媒燃焼を行い、その際の熱交換部出入り口における温度を測定することにより、熱回収性能を評価した。
2:積層構造を有する熱交換部
3:熱交換部の一側面
4:側面3の一部に設けた熱交換部の往路出口がある領域
5:側面3の一部に設けた熱交換部の復路入口がある領域
6:側面3に隣接する空間部
7:熱交換部の往路出口からの流れを集約する集約ダクト
8:反応部復路ダクト11からの復路の流れを熱交換部の各復路開口部へ分配する分配ダクト
9:反応要素等を収めるための反応部往路ダクト
10:反応部往路ダクト9と反応部復路ダクト11を隔てる壁
11:反応要素等を収めるための反応部復路ダクト
12:反応部往路ダクト9と反応部復路ダクト11を連通させるための空間部
13:空間部6,22における集約ダクト7,21と分配ダクト8,18を隔てる壁
14:複数の集約ダクト7の流れを反応部往路ダクト9に集約するための連通口
15:反応部復路ダクト11の流れを複数の分配ダクト8に分配するための連通口
16:反応器の流体流入口
17:流体流入口16に隣接する反応器内空間の一部
18:分配ダクト8と同様の構造により流入流体を熱交換部の往路入口に分配させるための分配ダクト
19:反応器の流体排出口
20:流体排出口19と隣接する反応器内空間の一部
21:集約ダクト7と同様の構造により熱交換部開口部からの排出流体を反応器内空間の一部20に集約するための集約ダクト
22:分配ダクト18と集約ダクト21を形成するための空間部
23:反応要素
24:発熱要素
Claims (2)
- 熱交換部と反応部を一体的に組み合わせた反応器において、
該熱交換部は、熱交換面となる積層された面状隔壁によって仕切られた複数の面状流路を備えた一体形成された積層構造を有し、
前記複数の面状流路は、同一流体の往路と復路となる二種類の流路が互いに一つ置きに隣り合って一方向に伸長しており、
該伸長方向の一端に位置する前記熱交換部の一つの側面に、往路の出口がある領域及び復路の入口がある領域を設け、
往路の出口がある領域には、前記複数の面状流路断面に流体排出のための開口部を積層の一つ置きに設け、一方、復路の入口がある領域には、前記開口部が設けられていない積層の一つ置きの複数の面状流路断面に流体流入のための開口部を設け、
前記反応部は、その内部に反応要素及び/又は発熱要素が配置されたものであって、少なくとも一つの反応部往路ダクトと少なくとも一つの反応部復路ダクトからなり、
さらに、該反応部往路ダクトと該反応部復路ダクトを連通させる空間部を前記熱交換部と対向する側に設けた熱交換部一体型反応器であって、
前記往路の出口のある領域及び前記復路の入口がある領域の少なくともいずれか一方が二箇所以上あり、
前記熱交換部と前記反応部の間に空間部を設け、該空間部を、前記流体排出のための開口部を有する領域からの流体の流れを該領域と同数あるいはこれより少数の前記反応部往路ダクトに集約する少なくとも一つの集約ダクトと、前記反応部復路ダクトからの流体の流れを、該ダクトと同数あるいはこれより多数の前記流体流入のための開口部を有する領域へ分配するための少なくとも一つの分配ダクトに分割するとともに、すべての集約ダクトと前記反応部往路ダクトを連通させる開口部、及びすべての分配ダクトと前記反応部復路ダクトを連通させる開口部を設けたことを特徴とする熱交換部一体型反応器。 - 前記熱交換部の一つの側面が、往路の開口部及び復路の開口部のそれぞれの一方だけが並んだ一方向に伸長する複数列の谷状をなしており、それぞれの窪んだ空間部が前記の往復路それぞれの流れを集約するダクト又は分配ダクトあるいはその一部をなすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱交換部一体型反応器。
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| JP2011506135A JP5679457B2 (ja) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-03-26 | 反応部往復路ダクトを有する熱交換部一体型反応器 |
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| US10428713B2 (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2019-10-01 | Denso International America, Inc. | Systems and methods for exhaust heat recovery and heat storage |
| US11204192B2 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2021-12-21 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Adjustable duct for HVAC system |
| EP3889536B1 (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2025-12-10 | IHI Corporation | Reactor |
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| JP2008157592A (ja) * | 2006-12-26 | 2008-07-10 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 積層一体型自己熱交換構造体 |
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| DE10247264A1 (de) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-29 | Behr Gmbh & Co. | Plattenwärmeübertrager in Stapelbauweise |
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| JP2008157592A (ja) * | 2006-12-26 | 2008-07-10 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 積層一体型自己熱交換構造体 |
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