WO2010106793A1 - 蓄電デバイス用セパレータ及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス用セパレータ及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010106793A1 WO2010106793A1 PCT/JP2010/001861 JP2010001861W WO2010106793A1 WO 2010106793 A1 WO2010106793 A1 WO 2010106793A1 JP 2010001861 W JP2010001861 W JP 2010001861W WO 2010106793 A1 WO2010106793 A1 WO 2010106793A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/429—Natural polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/609—Cross-sectional configuration of strand or fiber material is specified
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electricity storage device, and in particular, a separator for an electricity storage device such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a polymer lithium secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor or an aluminum electrolytic capacitor (hereinafter referred to as “separator”). )
- a separator for an electricity storage device such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a polymer lithium secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor or an aluminum electrolytic capacitor (hereinafter referred to as “separator”).
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-064888 filed in Japan on March 17, 2009 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-0665205 filed on March 17, 2009 in Japan, The contents are incorporated here.
- lithium-ion secondary batteries, polymer lithium secondary batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and aluminum electrolytic capacitors which are electronic components
- Lithium ion secondary batteries, polymer lithium secondary batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and aluminum electrolytic capacitors also have higher capacities and higher functions. The use in severe environments is increasing.
- a lithium ion secondary battery and a polymer lithium secondary battery include a positive electrode in which an active material, a lithium-containing oxide, and a binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride are mixed with 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and formed into a sheet on an aluminum current collector.
- An electrode body obtained by winding or laminating a membrane in the order of a positive electrode, an electrolyte membrane, and a negative electrode is impregnated with a driving electrolyte solution and sealed with an aluminum case.
- An electric double layer capacitor is a mixture of activated carbon, conductive agent and binder, which is attached to both sides of the positive and negative current collectors made of aluminum and driven to a wound or laminated electrode body via a separator made of cellulose or the like.
- the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead are passed through the sealing body so as not to be short-circuited by being impregnated with an electrolytic solution and packed with an aluminum case and a sealing body.
- An aluminum electrolytic capacitor is an electrode obtained by etching or laminating an aluminum positive foil having a dielectric film formed thereon by etching, and an etched aluminum negative foil through a separator made of cellulose or the like.
- the body is impregnated with a driving electrolyte solution, packed with an aluminum case and a sealing body, and has a structure in which a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead are passed through the sealing body and pulled out so as not to be short-circuited.
- porous membranes such as polyethylene and polypropylene have been used as separators for lithium ion secondary batteries and polymer lithium secondary batteries, and paper made of cellulose pulp has been used as separators for electric double layer capacitors and aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
- the nonwoven fabric which consists of a cellulose fiber is used.
- the above-described lithium ion secondary battery, polymer lithium secondary battery, electric double layer capacitor, and aluminum electrolytic capacitor use an organic solvent or ionic liquid as a driving electrolyte, and a separator such as cellulose has a high temperature. There was a problem that it deteriorated considerably in the long-term durability test.
- a microporous resin film (stretched film) produced by stretching polyolefin and having a relatively high air permeability value provided with a through hole with a needle or a laser is used as the separator. It is proposed to use as (for example, refer patent document 1).
- a microporous resin film is used alone, there is a possibility that a short circuit occurs between the positive electrode and the negative electrode because there are through holes.
- it has the property of being easily shrunk in a meltdown temperature range higher than the shutdown temperature, and as a result, it has a problem that a short circuit between the electrodes tends to occur when the temperature becomes high.
- Patent Document 3 in order to prevent an internal short circuit, it has been proposed to combine two or more layers into one layer using a circular paper machine (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- a circular paper machine since all layers are composed of natural fibers, in a high temperature environment in the presence of an organic solvent or an ionic liquid, deterioration of strength and durability occurs due to a decrease in mass of the separator, There was a problem that the product characteristics could not be maintained.
- the layers made individually by the circular net paper machine are bonded together, a boundary is generated between the layers, which is likely to hinder the movement of ions.
- a separator made of only natural fibers such as cellulose has a problem of causing deterioration accompanying a decrease in discharge capacity and a decrease in film thickness in a long-term durability test at a high temperature.
- Conventional separator manufacturing methods include a conventional card method using an olefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, a spunbond method using a dry nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric, and a wet papermaking method using cellulose or the like.
- a wet manufacturing method has been proposed in which a fluid flow is applied to a fiber web formed of split composite fibers having a fiber length of 3 to 25 mm (see, for example, Patent Document 5).
- a fluid flow is applied to a fiber web formed of split composite fibers, the action of jetting fluid at a high pressure to split the fibers creates through holes such as pinholes, causing internal short circuit between the electrodes. It was generated.
- the present invention is a thinned separator having heat resistance, mechanical strength, and dimensional stability, excellent ion permeability, low resistance, hardly causing short circuit and self-discharge between electrodes, and organic solvent.
- a separator for an electricity storage device that is excellent in durability even after long-term use in a high-temperature environment in the presence of ionic liquid and a method for producing the same.
- the first invention of the present invention provides the following.
- a power storage device separator formed by laminating two or more fiber layers, wherein at least one of the fiber layers is a synthetic fiber layer containing a synthetic fiber and a synthetic resin binder.
- a separator for an electricity storage device (2) The separator for an electricity storage device according to (1), wherein the synthetic resin-based binder contains at least one selected from the group consisting of carboxymethylcellulose and styrene-butadiene rubber.
- the synthetic fiber is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, wholly aromatic polyamide, wholly aromatic polyester, semi-aromatic polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid, and polyarylate.
- the power storage device is any one of a lithium ion secondary battery, a polymer lithium secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and an aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
- the separator for electrical storage devices as described.
- the synthetic resin binder is applied to the dry fiber layer or wet paper fiber layer by spray coating to obtain any one of the storage device separators according to (1) to (8).
- the manufacturing method of the separator for electrical storage devices including a process.
- the second invention of the present invention provides the following. (10) A separator for an electricity storage device containing thermoplastic synthetic fiber A, heat-resistant synthetic fiber B, natural fiber C, and a synthetic resin-based binder.
- the thermoplastic synthetic fiber A includes at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, wholly aromatic polyarylate, polyethylene, and polypropylene. 12) The separator for electrical storage devices in any one of 12).
- the heat-resistant synthetic fiber B includes at least one selected from the group consisting of wholly aromatic polyamides, wholly aromatic polyesters, semi-aromatic polyamides, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole.
- the separator for an electricity storage device according to any one of (10) to (13).
- the thermoplastic synthetic fiber A is 25 to 50% by mass
- the heat resistant synthetic fiber B is 60 to 10% by mass
- the natural fiber C is 15 to 40% by mass.
- the electrical storage device separator according to any one of (14) to (14).
- thermoplastic synthetic fiber A has a fiber diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 10 mm or less.
- the heat-resistant synthetic fiber B has a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 10 mm or less, and is fibrillated according to any one of (10) to (16) The separator for electrical storage devices as described.
- the natural fiber C is a solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated with a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 3 mm or less, according to any one of (10) to (17), Electric storage device separator.
- the heat-resistant synthetic fiber B and the natural fiber C are fibrillated, and selected from the group consisting of the thermoplastic synthetic fiber A, the fibrillated heat-resistant synthetic fiber B, and the fibrillated natural fiber C.
- the electricity storage device separator according to any one of (10) to (21), wherein the air permeability of the electricity storage device separator is 100 seconds / 100 ml or less.
- the power storage device is any one of a lithium ion secondary battery, a polymer lithium secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and an aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
- the separator for electrical storage devices as described.
- the manufacturing method of the separator for electrical storage devices including a process.
- a synthetic resin binder is applied to a dry separator after papermaking, or a synthetic resin binder is applied to a wet paper separator, and then the binder is fused by heat treatment. Since the bond between fibers is strengthened by this, the puncture strength is improved, and furthermore, the fibers are fixed to each other by the fused synthetic resin binder, so that the crushing strength in the film thickness direction (Z-axis direction) Thus, a separator having excellent short-circuit resistance can be provided.
- the separator of the present invention is a thin film separator having heat resistance, mechanical strength and dimensional stability, excellent ion permeability and low resistance, and excellent in prevention of short circuit between electrodes and suppression of self-discharge. In addition, it has excellent durability after long-term use at high temperatures in the presence of organic solvents and ionic liquids. Therefore, the separator of the present invention can be suitably used for power storage devices, particularly for lithium ion secondary batteries, polymer lithium secondary batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
- the electricity storage device separator according to the first invention of the present invention is a separator formed by laminating two or more fiber layers, and at least one of the fiber layers contains a synthetic fiber and a synthetic resin-based binder. It is characterized by being a synthetic fiber layer.
- Synthetic resin binders include ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly At least one selected from tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), etc. is used.
- Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) or water-soluble carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), which is commercially available as an aqueous emulsion, can be used as an organic solvent in the separator. Particularly preferred because they do not remain.
- the synthetic resin binder is preferably applied in an amount of 5 to 200 parts by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the fiber. If it is less than 5 parts by mass, the effect of the present invention is hardly exhibited, and if it exceeds 200 parts by mass, the pores are filled with the synthetic resin binder, and the separator becomes a film.
- a solvent used when mixing or applying the binder either a non-aqueous solvent or an aqueous solution can be used.
- Non-aqueous solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, NN-dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, etc. Can be used.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- dimethylformamide dimethylacetamide
- methyl ethyl ketone cyclohexanone
- methyl acetate methyl acrylate
- diethyltriamine diethyltriamine
- NN-dimethylaminopropylamine ethylene oxide
- tetrahydrofuran etc.
- a dispersing agent, a thickener, etc. can be added and used for aqueous solution.
- Synthetic fibers used in the present invention are polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, wholly aromatic polyamide, wholly aromatic polyester, semi-aromatic polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid, polyarylate
- resins selected from the above are preferably used, but are not necessarily limited to these, as long as they have high heat resistance and do not dissolve in organic solvents or ionic liquids used in driving electrolytes. Any one can be used.
- the synthetic fiber layer containing the synthetic fiber, and other fibers used in the fiber layer laminated with the synthetic fiber layer may be selected from the synthetic fibers. Any of synthetic fibers or cellulose fibers made of natural pulp can be used. These synthetic fibers, cellulose fibers, and the like are preferably beaten in order to improve the retention of the electrolytic solution and to form a uniform fiber layer.
- the synthetic fiber has a fiber diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of preferably 10 mm or less, particularly preferably a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 3 mm or less.
- the fiber diameter exceeds 5 ⁇ m or the fiber length exceeds 10 mm there is a high possibility that a through hole will be formed when the film is thinned, which is likely to cause an internal short circuit.
- the pore diameter of the synthetic fiber layer is preferably from 0.1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m, as the average pore diameter measured by the bubble point method.
- the measurement of the hole diameter by the bubble point method may be performed by using a porometer manufactured by Seika Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the thickness of the separator of the present invention is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness of the separator exceeds 50 ⁇ m, it is difficult to reduce the thickness of the electrochemical element, and at the same time, the amount of electrode material that can be put in a certain cell volume is reduced, the capacity is reduced, and the resistance is increased. It is not preferable.
- the density of the separator of the present invention is preferably 0.20 g / cm 3 to 0.75 g / cm 3 . If it is less than 0.20 g / cm 3 , the void portion of the separator becomes excessive, and problems such as occurrence of short circuits and deterioration of self-discharge resistance are likely to occur. On the other hand, if the density is larger than 0.75 g / cm 3 , the material constituting the separator becomes excessively clogged, so that ion migration is hindered and resistance is likely to increase.
- the porosity of the separator of the present invention is preferably in the range of 30% to 90% in order to achieve both prevention of short circuit and suppression of increase in resistance.
- the porosity here is calculated
- Porosity (%) [1 ⁇ (M / T) / D] ⁇ 100
- the separator of the present invention has a laminated structure in which two or more fiber layers are laminated, and at least one layer is composed of a synthetic fiber layer containing the above-described synthetic fiber having heat resistance, and is synthesized. Because it contains a resin binder, it is difficult to deteriorate into an organic solvent or ionic liquid in a high-temperature atmosphere, such as lithium ion secondary batteries, polymer lithium secondary batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and aluminum electrolytic capacitors. It can be suitably used for an electricity storage device. In addition, when producing an electrical storage device using the separator of this invention, what is conventionally well-known can be used for the materials which comprise electrochemical elements, such as a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and electrolyte solution.
- electrochemical elements such as a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and electrolyte solution.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the separator of the present invention can be manufactured by other methods.
- one or more kinds of synthetic fibers cut or beaten to have a fiber diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 10 mm or less are dispersed in water. Since the fibers used in the present invention are very fine and difficult to disperse uniformly in the disaggregation step, good dispersion is possible by using a dispersing device such as a pulper or an agitator or an ultrasonic dispersing device.
- the water used in this dispersion step is preferably ion-exchanged water in order to reduce ionic impurities as much as possible.
- the same synthetic fiber or different fiber as described above is dispersed in water by a dispersing device such as a pulper or agitator different from the above.
- the beating can be performed using a general beating machine such as a ball mill, beater, lampel mill, PFI mill, SDR (single disc refiner), DDR (double disc refiner), high-pressure homogenizer, homomixer, or other refiner. it can.
- a general beating machine such as a ball mill, beater, lampel mill, PFI mill, SDR (single disc refiner), DDR (double disc refiner), high-pressure homogenizer, homomixer, or other refiner. it can.
- the paper dispersion obtained above is made by applying a wet paper machine such as a long-mesh type, a short-mesh type, a circular net type, or an inclined type. Dehydrate in a continuous wire mesh dewatering part. When using an inclined wire paper machine with two heads in a wet paper machine, when two or more fiber layers are laminated together, it is difficult to create a boundary between fiber layers, and there is no pinhole.
- a separator is obtained. After the sheets are overlaid, a dried separator can be obtained by passing through a drying part such as a multi-cylinder type or Yankee type dryer.
- a synthetic resin binder solution diluted according to the target strength is impregnated and applied to the dry paper separator after the paper making.
- a separator is manufactured by dipping in a coating method such as a direct roll coater, a dip coater, a spray coater, or a kiss roll coater, and drying by passing through a drying part such as a multi-cylinder type or a Yankee type dryer.
- a coating method such as a direct roll coater, a dip coater, a spray coater, or a kiss roll coater
- the synthetic resin binder solution is impregnated and sprayed on a wire part in which the separator is in a wet paper state, on a felt or canvas, or on a carrier having good drainage and air permeability.
- spray coating is suitable as the coating method.
- a multi-tank slanting wet paper machine capable of simultaneously forming a plurality of layers having a structure in which the lower part of the second flow box is located in the vicinity of the intersection of the floodline and the papermaking net in the first flow box.
- a method in which the fiber layers are stacked on the papermaking net and used together is more preferable because the fibers of the fiber layers are not easily entangled and peeled between the layers.
- the separator obtained by the multi-tank inclined type wet paper machine is difficult to form a boundary between fiber layers, and a uniform separator without a pinhole is obtained.
- Such a multi-tank inclined type wet paper machine has a configuration as shown in FIG.
- the papermaking net 10 travels in the arrow ⁇ direction by a plurality of guide rollers.
- the inclined paper making net 10 between the guide roller 11 and the guide roller 12 is referred to as an inclined traveling unit 13.
- the lower part of the second flow box 15 is located in the vicinity A of the intersection of the floodline WL and the inclined traveling part 13 in the first flow box 14.
- the dispersion 16 containing the fibers in the first flow box 14 and the dispersion 17 containing the fibers in the second flow box 15 are adjacent to each other with a partition wall 18 therebetween.
- the separator for an electricity storage device of the second invention of the present invention comprises a thermoplastic synthetic fiber A (hereinafter referred to as “fiber A”), a heat-resistant synthetic fiber B (hereinafter referred to as “fiber B”), a natural fiber C (hereinafter referred to as “fiber A”). It is a separator for an electricity storage device containing a “fiber C”) and a synthetic resin binder.
- Synthetic resin binders include ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly At least one selected from tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), etc. is used.
- Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) or water-soluble carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), which is commercially available as an aqueous emulsion, can be used as an organic solvent in the separator. Particularly preferred because they do not remain.
- the synthetic resin-based binder is preferably contained in an amount of 5 to 200 parts by mass, particularly preferably 10 to 150 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of fibers A, B, and C. If the amount is less than 5 parts by mass, the effect of the present invention is hardly exhibited, and if it exceeds 200 parts by mass, the pores are filled with the synthetic resin binder, and the separator becomes a film.
- Non-aqueous solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, NN-dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, etc.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- dimethylformamide dimethylacetamide
- methyl ethyl ketone cyclohexanone
- methyl acetate methyl acrylate
- diethyltriamine NN-dimethylaminopropylamine
- ethylene oxide ethylene oxide
- tetrahydrofuran etc.
- a dispersing agent, a thickener, etc. can be added and used for aqueous solution.
- the fiber A used in the present invention is preferably a fiber made of a resin selected from polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, wholly aromatic polyarylate, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
- the fiber B may be at least one selected from wholly aromatic polyamide, wholly aromatic polyester, semi-aromatic polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole, and may use two or more.
- the fiber B can be fibrillated into fine fibers without dissolving in the organic solvent or ionic liquid used in the driving electrolyte.
- the fiber B By including the fiber B in the separator, durability against an organic solvent, an ionic liquid, and further a high temperature condition is increased, and even when the separator is used for a long time in a high temperature atmosphere, it is difficult to deteriorate. Moreover, since it becomes difficult to generate
- the fiber C constituting the present invention for example, cotton, hemp, kenaf, banana, pineapple, wool, silk, angora, cashmere, rayon, cupra, polynosic, solvent-spun cellulose and the like can be used.
- the material constituting the fiber C may be one type or two or more types. Separators using these materials have improved electrolyte impregnation properties.
- the fibrillated solvent-spun cellulose is excellent in electrolytic solution impregnation and has sufficient fiber entanglement, so that it becomes a separator excellent in mechanical strength.
- the fiber A has a fiber diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of preferably 10 mm or less, particularly preferably a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 7 mm or less.
- the fiber diameter is less than 5 ⁇ m and the fiber length is more than 10 mm, there is a high possibility that a through hole will be formed when the film is thinned, which is likely to cause an internal short circuit.
- the fiber diameter of the fibrillated fiber B is 1 ⁇ m or less
- the fiber length is preferably 10 mm or less, and particularly preferably the fiber length is 1 mm or less.
- the fiber diameter of the fibrillated fiber C is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less
- the fiber length is preferably 3 mm or less, and particularly preferably the fiber length is 1 mm or less.
- the fiber A, the fiber B, and the fiber C are the following compounding ratios in all the fibers. That is, it is preferable that the fiber A is mixed in a range of 25 to 50% by mass of the total fibers constituting the separator. If it is less than 25% by mass, the effect of preventing the separator from being crushed in the Z-axis direction (spacer effect) cannot be sufficiently exhibited, and a short circuit is likely to occur due to compression. If it exceeds 50% by mass, the porosity is reduced and the pores are blocked, leading to an increase in internal resistance. In addition, because it is thermoplastic, it becomes unstable at high temperatures, leading to a decrease in durability. Further, the amount of fibrillated fine fibers in the separator becomes less than 50% by mass, and the pore diameter of the separator cannot be controlled, resulting in an internal short circuit.
- the fiber B is mixed in the range of 60 to 10% by mass of the total fiber constituting the separator. If it is less than 10% by mass, the amount of fine fibers fibrillated is insufficient, and the pore diameter of the separator cannot be controlled, resulting in an internal short circuit. If it exceeds 60% by mass, the amount of fibrillated fine fibers is too large and the separator becomes too dense, resulting in an increase in internal resistance.
- the fiber C is mixed in the range of 15 to 40% by mass constituting the separator. If it is less than 15% by mass, the entanglement between the fibers tends to be weak, the mechanical strength tends to be weak, and the impregnation property of the electrolytic solution cannot be sufficiently obtained. When it exceeds 40 mass%, durability will be reduced by the organic solvent and ionic liquid under high temperature atmosphere conditions.
- the pore size of the fiber layer after the synthetic resin-based binder is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m in average pore size by the bubble point method. is there.
- the average pore diameter is smaller than 0.1 ⁇ m, the ionic conductivity is lowered and the internal resistance tends to be high. Further, since it is difficult for water to escape during the production of the separator, it is difficult to produce the separator. If it exceeds 15 ⁇ m, an internal short circuit is likely to occur when the film is thinned.
- the measurement of the hole diameter by the bubble point method may be performed by using a porometer manufactured by Seika Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the thickness of the separator of the present invention is preferably 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the separator exceeds 60 ⁇ m, it is disadvantageous for thinning of the electricity storage device, and at the same time, the amount of the electrode material that can be put in a certain cell volume is reduced, the capacity is reduced, and the resistance is increased. It is not preferable.
- the density of the separator of the present invention is preferably 0.2 g / cm 3 to 0.7 g / cm 3 . More preferably from 0.25g / cm 3 ⁇ 0.65g / cm 3, particularly preferably 0.3g / cm 3 ⁇ 0.6g / cm 3. If it is less than 0.2 g / cm 3 , the void portion of the separator becomes excessive, and problems such as occurrence of short circuit and deterioration of self-discharge resistance are likely to occur. On the other hand, if the density is larger than 0.7 g / cm 3 , the material constituting the separator becomes excessively clogged, so that ion migration is hindered and resistance is likely to increase.
- the air permeability of the separator of the present invention is preferably 100 seconds / 100 ml or less. Ionic conductivity can be suitably maintained.
- the air permeability in the separator of this invention says the value measured using the Gurley air permeability measuring device.
- the separator of the present invention is composed of fiber A, fiber B, and fiber C and contains a synthetic resin-based binder, and the binder is fused by heat treatment.
- Lithium-ion secondary battery, lithium-ion capacitor, polymer battery, and electric double layer are resistant to crushing strength and short-circuit resistance in the film thickness direction (Z-axis direction) and hardly deteriorate into organic solvents or ionic liquids even in high-temperature atmospheres. It can be suitably used for an electricity storage device such as a capacitor.
- an electrical storage device such as a capacitor.
- what is conventionally well-known can be used for the materials which comprise electrochemical elements, such as a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and electrolyte solution.
- the separator of this invention can be manufactured also by another method.
- one or more kinds of fibers A cut or beaten to a fiber diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 10 mm or less, a fiber B fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 3 mm or less, a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less, a fiber length Fiber C fibrillated to 3 mm or less is dispersed in water. The order in which it is put into the water is not fixed.
- the fibers used in the present invention are very fine and difficult to disperse uniformly in the disaggregation step, good dispersion is possible by using a dispersing device such as a pulper or an agitator or an ultrasonic dispersing device.
- the water used in this dispersion step is preferably ion-exchanged water or pure water in order to reduce ionic impurities as much as possible.
- the same synthetic fiber or different fiber as described above is dispersed in water by a dispersing device such as a pulper or agitator different from the above.
- the beating may be performed using a general beating machine such as a ball mill, beater, lampel mill, PFI mill, SDR (single disc refiner), DDR (double disc refiner), high pressure homogenizer, homomixer, or other refiner. it can.
- a general beating machine such as a ball mill, beater, lampel mill, PFI mill, SDR (single disc refiner), DDR (double disc refiner), high pressure homogenizer, homomixer, or other refiner. it can.
- the paper dispersion obtained above is made by applying a wet paper machine such as a long-mesh type, a short-mesh type, a circular net type, or an inclined type. Dehydrate in a continuous wire mesh dewatering part. When using an inclined wire paper machine with two heads in a wet paper machine, when two or more fiber layers are laminated together, it is difficult to create a boundary between fiber layers, and there is no pinhole.
- a separator is obtained. After the sheets are overlaid, a dried separator can be obtained by passing through a drying part such as a multi-cylinder type or Yankee type dryer.
- a synthetic resin binder solution diluted according to the target strength is impregnated and applied to the dry paper separator after the paper making.
- a separator is manufactured by dipping in a coating method such as a direct roll coater, a dip coater, a spray coater, or a kiss roll coater, and drying by passing through a drying part such as a multi-cylinder type or a Yankee type dryer.
- a coating method such as a direct roll coater, a dip coater, a spray coater, or a kiss roll coater
- the impregnation application of the synthetic resin binder solution is performed by spraying the fiber layer on which the fiber dispersion is made on a wet paper wire part, a felt or a canvas, or a filtered water or a carrier having good air permeability. It is more preferable to apply.
- spray coating is suitable as the coating method.
- a polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a fiber diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 6 mm was placed in a pulper at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in ion-exchanged water and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion A.
- a wholly aromatic polyamide fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 0.6 mm and a solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm are in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
- the fibers were mixed at a ratio, charged in ion-exchanged water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper different from the above, and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion B.
- the dispersion A was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Further, Dispersion B was made on the sheet. Then, after taking out the obtained wet sheet from the hand-pickup device, spray application of the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution so that the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry fiber,
- the separator of the present invention was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the density was 0.40 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 73%, and the thickness of the separator was 30 ⁇ m. (Example 2)
- Example 1 the separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner except that the aqueous carboxymethylcellulose solution was changed to an SBR aqueous emulsion.
- the density was 0.43 g / cm 3
- the porosity was 75%
- the thickness of the separator was 32 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 the separator of this invention was obtained similarly except having changed the spray application quantity after drying of carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution into 10 mass parts.
- the density was 0.40 g / cm 3
- the porosity was 73%
- the thickness of the separator was 30 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 the separator of this invention was obtained similarly except having changed the spray application amount after drying of carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution into 60 mass parts.
- the density was 0.52 g / cm 3
- the porosity was 70%
- the thickness of the separator was 33 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 the separator of this invention was obtained similarly except having changed the spray application amount after drying of carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution into 150 mass parts.
- the density was 0.55 g / cm 3
- the porosity was 69%
- the thickness of the separator was 35 ⁇ m.
- a polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a fiber diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 6 mm was placed in a pulper at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in ion-exchanged water and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion A.
- a wholly aromatic polyamide fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 0.6 mm and a solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm are in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
- the fibers were mixed at a ratio, charged in ion-exchanged water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper different from the above, and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion B.
- the dispersion A was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Further, Dispersion B was made on the sheet. Thereafter, the obtained wet sheet is taken out from the hand-making apparatus and dried at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer, and then the applied amount after drying becomes 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass as the total mass of the dry fibers. Thus, the aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose was applied by spraying and dried at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer to obtain the separator of the present invention. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the density was 0.40 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 73%, and the thickness of the separator was 30 ⁇ m. (Example 7)
- Polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a fiber diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 6 mm and a wholly aromatic polyamide fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 0.6 mm are mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 1, and ion-exchanged water.
- solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm was charged into ion-exchanged water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a different pulper and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- Dispersion F was produced.
- the dispersion E was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Further, Dispersion F was made on the sheet. Then, after taking out the obtained wet sheet from the hand-pickup device, spray application of the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution so that the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry fiber,
- the separator of the present invention was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the density was 0.39 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 74%, and the thickness of the separator was 30 ⁇ m. (Example 8)
- a polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a fiber diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 6 mm and polyphenylene sulfide fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1.5 mm are mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 1, and 0 in ion-exchanged water.
- a fiber dispersion G was prepared by putting it into a pulper at a concentration of 0.05 mass% and dispersing it for 30 minutes. Next, solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm was charged into ion-exchanged water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a different pulper and dispersed for 30 minutes. Dispersion H was produced.
- the dispersion G was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Further, a dispersion H was made on the sheet. Then, after taking out the obtained wet sheet from the hand-pickup device, spray application of the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution so that the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry fiber,
- the separator of the present invention was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the density was 0.44 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 74%, and the thickness of the separator was 31 ⁇ m.
- a fully aromatic polyester fiber fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 0.6 mm is charged into ion exchange water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm was charged into ion-exchanged water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a different pulper and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- Dispersion J was prepared.
- the dispersion I was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Further, the dispersion J was made on the sheet. Then, after taking out the obtained wet sheet from the hand-pickup device, spray application of the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution so that the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry fiber,
- the separator of the present invention was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the density was 0.42 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 73%, and the thickness of the separator was 29 ⁇ m. (Example 10)
- a fully aromatic polyester fiber fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 0.6 mm is charged into ion exchange water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- a wholly aromatic polyamide fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 0.6 mm and a solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm are in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
- the mixture was mixed at a ratio, charged in deionized water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper different from the above, and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion L.
- the dispersion K was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Further, the dispersion L was made on the sheet. Then, after taking out the obtained wet sheet from the hand-pickup device, spray application of the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution so that the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry fiber,
- the separator of the present invention was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the density was 0.40 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 73%, and the thickness of the separator was 34 ⁇ m.
- a polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 5 mm was placed in a pulper at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in ion-exchanged water and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion M.
- a wholly aromatic polyamide fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 0.6 mm and a solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm are in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
- the mixture was mixed at a ratio, and charged into ion-exchanged water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper different from the above, and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion N.
- the dispersion M was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Further, the dispersion N was made on the sheet. Then, after taking out the obtained wet sheet from the hand-pickup device, spray application of the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution so that the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry fiber,
- the separator of the present invention was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the density was 0.41 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 73%, and the thickness of the separator was 29 ⁇ m. (Example 12)
- a polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a fiber diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 6 mm was placed in a pulper at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in ion-exchanged water and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion P.
- a wholly aromatic polyamide fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 0.6 mm and a solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm are in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
- the fibers were mixed at a ratio, charged in deionized water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper different from the above, and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion Q.
- the dispersion P was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Furthermore, the dispersion Q was made on the sheet. Then, after taking out the obtained wet sheet from the hand-pickup device, spray application of the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution so that the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry fiber,
- the separator of the present invention was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the density was 0.41 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 73%, and the thickness of the separator was 19 ⁇ m. (Example 13)
- a polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a fiber diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 6 mm was placed in a pulper at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in ion-exchanged water and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a fiber dispersion R.
- a wholly aromatic polyamide fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.6 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1.5 mm is charged into ion exchange water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper and dispersed for 30 minutes to obtain a fiber dispersion. S was produced.
- the solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm is charged into ion-exchanged water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper different from the above and dispersed for 30 minutes to disperse the fiber.
- a body T was prepared.
- the dispersion R was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Furthermore, the dispersion S was made on the sheet. Thereafter, the dispersion T was made on the sheet.
- the obtained wet sheet is taken out from the hand-drawing apparatus, and the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution is spray-applied so that the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry fibers, and then a Yankee dryer.
- the separator of the present invention was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the density was 0.40 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 73%, and the thickness of the separator was 35 ⁇ m. (Example 14)
- a pulper at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in ion exchange water at a mass ratio of 25:60:15, respectively, and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- the dispersion U is supplied to both the first flow box 14 and the second flow box 15 in the multi-tank inclined wet paper machine shown in FIG. Shed from.
- a wet sheet in which fiber layers of the same fiber composition are sequentially laminated is made, and on the felt, the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the dry fibers.
- After spray-applying an aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose it was dried with a Yankee dryer at 130 ° C. to obtain a separator having no pinholes having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, a density of 0.45 g / cm 3 , and a porosity of 70%.
- a fiber made of polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a fiber diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 6 mm was put into a pulper at a concentration of 0.05 mass% in ion-exchanged water and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare dispersion V.
- a fiber made of wholly aromatic polyamide fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 0.6 mm and a fiber made of solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm were each 80:
- Dispersion W was prepared by charging the ion exchange water at a mass ratio of 20 into the pulper at a concentration of 0.05 mass% and dispersing for 30 minutes.
- the dispersion V was supplied to the first flow box 14 of the multi-tank inclined wet paper machine in FIG. 1, and the dispersion W was supplied to the second flow box 15.
- the papermaking net 10 was run, and the dispersion was poured out from each flow box to the inclined running unit 13.
- the coating amount after drying is 20 parts by mass with respect to the total mass of 100 parts by mass of the dry fibers.
- a separator was obtained.
- the dispersion A was made using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222 to obtain a wet paper sheet. Further, Dispersion B was made on the sheet. Thereafter, the obtained wet sheet was taken out from the hand-making apparatus and then dried at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer to obtain a comparative separator. Regarding the physical properties of the comparative separator obtained, the density was 0.40 g / cm 3 , the porosity was 73%, and the thickness was 30 ⁇ m.
- a comparative separator was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer.
- the density was 0.41 g / cm 3
- the porosity was 74%
- the thickness was 32 ⁇ m.
- the separators obtained in Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were evaluated as follows to evaluate the properties as separators.
- the physical-property value of a film thickness, a density, and a porosity is shown in Table 1.
- the electric double layer capacitor using the separator of the present invention maintains a sufficient discharge capacity of 8.5 F or more even after a 4000 hour test at 80 ° C. and 2.5 V. In addition, a voltage of 2.26 V or higher was maintained, and the crushing strength was also maintained at an initial value, confirming that it had excellent performance.
- the electric double layer capacitor using the separators of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was significantly inferior in discharge capacity.
- the separators of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 significantly reduced the film thickness in the crushing test. From the above results, it was found that the separator of the present invention is a thin film and very excellent in durability under a high temperature environment in the presence of an organic solvent or an ionic liquid. Therefore, the separator of the present invention is suitably used for an electricity storage device such as an electric double layer capacitor, and is excellent in preventing a short circuit between electrodes and suppressing self-discharge. (Example 16)
- the fibers C made of solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber length of 1 mm are charged in ion exchange water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a mass ratio of 25:60:15, and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- a papermaking material consisting of a dispersion of fibers was prepared.
- a wet sheet (fiber layer) was made from the above paper making material using a standard hand-making device specified in JIS P8222.
- the separator of the present invention was obtained by drying at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the thickness of the separator was 31 ⁇ m, the density was 0.41 g / cm 3 , and the air permeability was 8 seconds / 100 ml. (Example 17)
- a separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose solution was changed to an SBR aqueous emulsion.
- the thickness of the separator was 31 ⁇ m
- the density was 0.45 g / cm 3
- the air permeability was 8 seconds / 100 ml.
- Example 16 the separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner except that the spray coating amount after drying the aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose solution was changed to 10 parts by mass.
- the thickness of the separator was 30 ⁇ m
- the density was 0.40 g / cm 3
- the air permeability was 12 seconds / 100 ml.
- Example 16 the separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner except that the spray coating amount after drying of the aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose solution was changed to 60 parts by mass.
- the thickness of the separator was 33 ⁇ m
- the density was 0.55 g / cm 3
- the air permeability was 74 seconds / 100 ml.
- Example 16 the separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner except that the spray coating amount after drying the aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose solution was changed to 150 parts by mass.
- the thickness of the separator was 32 ⁇ m
- the density was 0.63 g / cm 3
- the air permeability was 82 seconds / 100 ml.
- the fibers C made of solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber length of 1 mm are charged in ion exchange water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a mass ratio of 25:60:15, and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- a papermaking material consisting of a dispersion of fibers was prepared.
- a wet sheet was made from the above papermaking material using a standard type handmaking apparatus defined in JIS P8222.
- the obtained wet sheet is taken out from the hand-making apparatus and dried at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer, and then the applied amount after drying becomes 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass as the total mass of the dry fibers.
- the aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose was applied by spraying and dried at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer to obtain the separator of the present invention.
- the thickness of the separator was 31 ⁇ m
- the density was 0.41 g / cm 3
- the air permeability was 8 seconds / 100 ml.
- the fibers C made of solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber length of 1 mm were charged into the pulper at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in ion-exchanged water at a mass ratio of 40:40:20, and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- a papermaking material consisting of a dispersion of fibers was prepared.
- the separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 by papermaking, spray application of a synthetic resin binder and drying treatment.
- the thickness of the separator was 49 ⁇ m
- the density was 0.32 g / cm 3
- the air permeability was 15 seconds / 100 ml.
- a papermaking material consisting of a dispersion was prepared.
- the separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 by papermaking, spray application of a synthetic resin binder and drying treatment.
- the thickness of the separator was 22 ⁇ m, the density was 0.45 g / cm 3 , and the air permeability was 5 seconds / 100 ml.
- a papermaking material consisting of body was prepared. Thereafter, the separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 by papermaking, spray application of a synthetic resin binder and drying treatment. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the thickness of the separator was 57 ⁇ m, the density was 0.36 g / cm 3 , and the air permeability was 19 seconds / 100 ml. (Example 25)
- Fiber C composed of fibrillated solvent-spun cellulose is introduced into a pulper at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in ion exchange water at a mass ratio of 25:60:15, and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- a papermaking material was produced. Thereafter, the separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 by papermaking, spray application of a synthetic resin binder and drying treatment. Regarding the physical properties of the obtained separator, the thickness of the separator was 32 ⁇ m, the density was 0.45 g / cm 3 , and the air permeability was 11 seconds / 100 ml. (Example 26)
- the fibers C composed of solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber length of 1 mm were charged in ion exchange water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a mass ratio of 25:50:25, and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- a papermaking material consisting of a dispersion of fibers was prepared.
- the separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 by papermaking, spray application of a synthetic resin binder and drying treatment.
- the thickness of the separator was 38 ⁇ m
- the density was 0.62 g / cm 3
- the air permeability was 42 seconds / 100 ml.
- the fibers C made of solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber length of 1 mm are charged in ion exchange water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a mass ratio of 25:60:15, and dispersed for 30 minutes.
- a papermaking material consisting of a dispersion of fibers was prepared.
- a wet sheet was made from the above papermaking material using a standard type handmaking apparatus defined in JIS P8222. Thereafter, the obtained wet sheet was taken out from the hand-making apparatus and then dried at 130 ° C. with a Yankee dryer without any treatment to obtain a comparative separator.
- the thickness of the separator was 30 ⁇ m
- the density was 0.41 g / cm 3
- the air permeability was 8 seconds / 100 ml.
- Example 4 A fiber C composed of solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm is charged into ion-exchanged water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass in a pulper and dispersed for 30 minutes to form a fiber dispersion. Papermaking materials were prepared. Thereafter, a separator for comparison was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 by papermaking, spray application of a synthetic resin binder, and drying treatment. As for the properties of the obtained separator, the thickness of the separator was 35 ⁇ m, the density was 0.41 g / cm 3 , and the air permeability was 5 seconds / 100 ml.
- a fiber A made of polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a fiber diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 6 mm and a fiber C made of solvent-spun cellulose fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 mm are each in a mass ratio of 80:20.
- Into the ion exchange water at a concentration of 0.05% by mass it was put into a pulper and dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a papermaking material comprising a fiber dispersion. Thereafter, a separator for comparison was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 by papermaking, spray application of a synthetic resin binder, and drying treatment.
- the thickness of the separator was 70 ⁇ m
- the density was 0.32 g / cm 3
- the air permeability was 39 seconds / 100 ml.
- the separators obtained in Examples 16 to 26 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 were evaluated as follows to evaluate the characteristics as a power storage device separator.
- the compounding ratio of fiber, thickness, a density, and the physical-property value of air permeability are shown in Table 4.
- the electric double layer capacitor using the separator of the present invention maintained a sufficient discharge capacity of 9.8 F or more even after 4000 hours of the voltage application test at 80 ° C. and 2.5 V. It was confirmed that On the other hand, the electric double layer capacitors using the separators of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 had a large decrease in discharge capacity and extremely poor characteristics.
- the separator of the present invention has an excellent performance with the crushing strength substantially maintaining the initial value.
- the electric double layer capacitors using the separators of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 significantly reduced the film thickness in the crushing test. From the above results, it was found that the separator of the present invention is a thin film and very excellent in durability under a high temperature environment in the presence of an organic solvent or an ionic liquid. Therefore, the separator of the present invention is suitably used for an electricity storage device such as an electric double layer capacitor, and is excellent in preventing a short circuit between electrodes and suppressing self-discharge.
- the separator of the present invention is a thin film separator having heat resistance, mechanical strength and dimensional stability, excellent ion permeability and low resistance, and excellent in prevention of short circuit between electrodes and suppression of self-discharge. In addition, it has excellent durability after long-term use at high temperatures in the presence of organic solvents and ionic liquids. Therefore, the separator of the present invention can be suitably used for power storage devices, particularly for lithium ion secondary batteries, polymer lithium secondary batteries, electric double layer capacitors and aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and is industrially useful.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年3月17日に、日本に出願された特願2009-064888号、2009年3月17日に、日本に出願された特願2009-065205号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、フィブリル化された高分子と、フィブリル化された天然繊維を混抄もしくは積層する湿式抄紙法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献6参照)。しかしながら、フィブリル化された繊維は、繊維表面に空気を抱き込みやすく、不織布層に巻き込まれた泡に起因するピンホールが電極間の内部短絡等の欠陥を生じさせていた。
(1)2層以上の繊維層を積層してなる蓄電デバイス用セパレータであって、該繊維層の少なくとも1層が合成繊維と合成樹脂系結着剤を含有する合成繊維層であることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(2)前記合成樹脂系結着剤が、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びスチレン-ブタジエンゴムからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(3)前記合成樹脂系結着剤が、熱処理で融着していることを特徴とする前記(1)~(2)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(4)前記合成繊維が、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、全芳香族ポリアミド、全芳香族ポリエステル、半芳香族ポリアミド、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリパラフェニレンベンゾビスオキサゾール、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アラミド及びポリアリレートからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする前記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(5)前記合成繊維の繊維径が5μm以下、繊維長が10mm以下であることを特徴とする前記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(6)前記2層以上の繊維層が、2つ以上のヘッドを有する傾斜ワイヤー抄紙機を用い、抄紙ネット上で重ねて抄き合わせてなることを特徴とする前記(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(7)前記2層以上の繊維層が、第1のフローボックス内の吃水線と抄紙ネットとの交差部近傍に第2のフローボックス下部が位置する構造を持つ複数層を同時に形成できる多槽傾斜型湿式抄紙機を使用し、抄紙ネット上で重ねて抄き合わせてなることを特徴とする前記(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(8)前記蓄電デバイスが、リチウムイオン二次電池、ポリマーリチウム二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ及びアルミニウム電解コンデンサのいずれかであることを特徴とする前記(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(9)噴霧塗布により、合成樹脂系結着剤を乾燥状態の繊維層または湿紙状態の繊維層に塗布して前記(1)~(8)に記載のいずれかの蓄電デバイス用セパレータを得る工程を含む、蓄電デバイス用セパレータの製造方法。
本発明の第2発明は、以下のものを提供する。
(10)熱可塑性合成繊維A、耐熱性合成繊維B、天然繊維Cおよび合成樹脂系結着剤を含有する、蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(11)前記合成樹脂系結着剤が、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びスチレン-ブタジエンゴムからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする前記(10)に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(12)前記合成樹脂系結着剤が、熱処理で融着していることを特徴とする前記(10)~(11)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(13)前記熱可塑性合成繊維Aが、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、全芳香族ポリアリレート、ポリエチレン及びポリプロピレンからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする前記(10)~(12)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(14)前記耐熱性合成繊維Bが、全芳香族ポリアミド、全芳香族ポリエステル、半芳香族ポリアミド、ポリフェニレンサルファイド及びポリパラフェニレンベンゾビスオキサゾールからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする前記(10)~(13)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(15)前記熱可塑性合成繊維Aが25~50質量%、前記耐熱性合成繊維Bが60~10質量%および前記天然繊維Cが15~40質量%の配合比率からなることを特徴とする前記(10)~(14)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(16)前記熱可塑性合成繊維Aの繊維径が5μm以下で、繊維長が10mm以下であることを特徴とする前記(10)~(15)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(17)前記耐熱性合成繊維Bが、繊維径が1μm以下であって、且つ、繊維長が10mm以下にフィブリル化されていることを特徴とする前記(10)~(16)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(18)前記天然繊維Cが、繊維径が1μm以下、繊維長が3mm以下にフィブリル化されている溶剤紡糸セルロースであることを特徴とする前記(10)~(17)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(19)前記耐熱性合成繊維B及び天然繊維Cがフィブリル化され、前記熱可塑性合成繊維Aと、前記フィブリル化された耐熱性合成繊維B及び前記フィブリル化された天然繊維Cからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の繊維との絡み合いにより構成されていることを特徴とする前記(10)~(18)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(20)前記蓄電デバイス用セパレータの膜厚が、60μm以下であることを特徴とする前記(10)~(19)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(21)前記蓄電デバイス用セパレータの密度が0.2~0.7g/cm3であることを特徴とする前記(10)~(20)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(22)前記蓄電デバイス用セパレータの透気度が100秒/100ml以下であることを特徴とする前記(10)~(21)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(23)前記蓄電デバイスが、リチウムイオン二次電池、ポリマーリチウム二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ及びアルミニウム電解コンデンサのいずれかであることを特徴とする前記(10)~(22)のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
(24)噴霧塗布により、合成樹脂系結着剤を乾燥状態の繊維層または湿紙状態の繊維層に塗布して前記(10)~(23)に記載のいずれかの蓄電デバイス用セパレータを得る工程を含む、蓄電デバイス用セパレータの製造方法。
本発明のセパレータは、耐熱性、機械的強度、寸法安定性を有した薄膜化したセパレータで、イオン透過性に優れて低抵抗であり、且つ、電極間の短絡防止も自己放電の抑制も優れており、しかも有機溶剤やイオン性液体存在下での高温長期使用後の耐久性に優れている。従って、本発明のセパレータは、蓄電デバイス用、特に、リチウムイオン二次電池、ポリマーリチウム二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ及びアルミニウム電解コンデンサ用として好適に用いることができる。
結着剤を混合あるいは塗布する時に用いる溶媒として、非水溶媒または水溶液のいずれも使用できる。非水溶媒として、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸メチル、アクリル酸メチル、ジエチルトリアミン、N-N-ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン、エチレンオキシド、テトラヒドロフランなどを使用できる。一方、水溶液には、分散剤、増粘剤などを加えて用いることができる。
本発明において、合成繊維層の細孔径は、バブルポイント法による平均孔径が0.1μm~15μmであることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.1μm~5.0μmの範囲である。平均孔径が0.1μmより小さいと、イオン伝導性が低下し、内部抵抗が高くなりやすい。また、セパレータの製造の際に水が抜けにくいため、製造しにくくなる。15μmを超えると、薄膜化した場合に内部短絡を生じやすくなる。尚、バブルポイント法による孔径の測定は、西華産業社製のポロメーターを使用すればよい。
また、本発明のセパレータの密度は、0.20g/cm3~0.75g/cm3であることが好ましい。0.20g/cm3未満であると、セパレータの空隙部分が過多となり、短絡の発生や、耐自己放電性が悪化しやすいなどの不具合を生じやすい。一方、密度が0.75g/cm3より大きいと、セパレータを構成する材料の詰まり方が過多となるために、イオン移動が阻害され抵抗が高くなりやすい。
空隙率(%)=[1-(M/T)/D]×100
繊維Bは、全芳香族ポリアミド、全芳香族ポリエステル、半芳香族ポリアミド、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリパラフェニレンベンゾビスオキサゾールから選ばれた少なくとも1種であればよく、2種以上を使用してもよい。繊維Bは、駆動用電解液に用いる有機溶剤やイオン性液体に対して溶解せず、微細繊維にフィブリル化することができる。
本発明において、フィブリル化された繊維Cの繊維径は1μm以下、繊維長は3mm以下が好ましく、特に好ましくは繊維長が1mm以下である。繊維径が1μm超、繊維長が3mm超になると、薄膜化した際に貫通孔ができる可能性が高くなり、内部短絡の原因となりやすく、繊維同士の絡み合いが弱くなり、機械的強度が弱くなる傾向にあり、且つ電解液の含浸性も十分に得られない。
すなわち、繊維Aはセパレータを構成する全繊維の25~50質量%の範囲で混合されていることが好ましい。25質量%未満であると、セパレータのZ軸方向につぶれにくい効果(スペーサー効果)を十分に発揮できず、圧縮により短絡が発生しやすくなる。50質量%超になると、空隙率の低下や孔を塞いでしまい、内部抵抗の増大に繋がる。又、熱可塑性ということで、高温時に不安定になり、耐久性の低下にも繋がる。更に、セパレータ中のフィブリル化された微細繊維の量が50質量%未満になってしまい、セパレータの孔径を制御することができず、内部短絡を起こす結果となる。
本発明のセパレータの厚さは、60μm以下であることが好ましい。セパレータの厚さが60μmを超えると、蓄電デバイスの薄型化に不利になると同時に、一定のセル体積に入れられる電極材の量が少なくなり、容量が小さくなってしまうばかりでなく、抵抗が高くなり好ましくない。
先ず、繊維径5μm以下、繊維長10mm以下に裁断もしくは叩解された一種類以上の繊維Aと、繊維径1μm以下、繊維長3mm以下にフィブリル化された繊維Bと、繊維径1μm以下、繊維長3mm以下にフィブリル化された繊維Cを水に分散する。水に投入する順序は決まっていない。本発明に用いる繊維は、非常に微細なために離解工程では均一に分散しにくいため、パルパーやアジテータのような分散装置や、超音波分散装置を用いることによって、良好な分散が可能である。また、この分散工程で使用する水は、イオン性不純物をできるだけ少なくするために、イオン交換水あるいは純水を用いた方が好ましい。次に、上記と同一の合成繊維又は異種繊維を上記とは別のパルパーやアジテータのような分散装置で水に分散する。叩解は、一般的な叩解機であるボールミル、ビーター、ランペルミル、PFIミル、SDR(シングルディスクリファイナー)、DDR(ダブルディスクリファイナー)、高圧ホモジナイザー、ホモミクサー、あるいはその他のリファイナー等を使用して叩解することができる。
実施例
(実施例1)
上記分散体Aを、JIS P8222に規定する標準型手抄き装置を用いて抄造し、湿紙シートを得た。さらに、該シート上に分散体Bを抄造した。その後、得られた湿体シートを手抄き装置から取り出し、上記乾燥繊維の合計質量100質量部に対し、乾燥後の塗布量が20質量部になるようにカルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液を噴霧塗布した後に、ヤンキードライヤーにて130℃で乾燥して本発明のセパレータを得た。
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.40g/cm3、空隙率は73%、セパレータの厚さは30μmであった。
(実施例2)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.43g/cm3、空隙率は75%、セパレータの厚さは32μmであった。
(実施例3)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.40g/cm3、空隙率は73%、セパレータの厚さは30μmであった。
(実施例4)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.52g/cm3、空隙率は70%、セパレータの厚さは33μmであった。
(実施例5)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.55g/cm3、空隙率は69%、セパレータの厚さは35μmであった。
(実施例6)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.40g/cm3、空隙率は73%、セパレータの厚さは30μmであった。
(実施例7)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.39g/cm3、空隙率は74%、セパレータの厚さは30μmであった。
(実施例8)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.44g/cm3、空隙率は74%、セパレータの厚さは31μmであった。
(実施例9)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.42g/cm3、空隙率は73%、セパレータの厚さは29μmであった。
(実施例10)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.40g/cm3、空隙率は73%、セパレータの厚さは34μmであった。
(実施例11)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.41g/cm3、空隙率は73%、セパレータの厚さは29μmであった。
(実施例12)
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.41g/cm3、空隙率は73%、セパレータの厚さは19μmであった。
(実施例13)
さらに、繊維径0.5μm、繊維長1mmにフィブリル化された溶剤紡糸セルロースをイオン交換水に0.05質量%の濃度で上記とは別のパルパー内に投入し30分間分散し、繊維の分散体Tを作製した。
得られたセパレータの物性は、密度は0.40g/cm3、空隙率は73%、セパレータの厚さは35μmであった。
(実施例14)
(実施例15)
繊維径2.5μm、繊維長6mmのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維をイオン交換水に0.05質量%の濃度でパルパー内に投入し30分間分散し、繊維の分散体Aを作製した。次に、繊維径0.2μm、繊維長0.6mmにフィブリル化された全芳香族ポリアミドと、繊維径0.5μm、繊維長1mmにフィブリル化された溶剤紡糸セルロースを質量比で1対1の割合で混合し、イオン交換水に0.05質量%の濃度で上記とは別のパルパー内に投入し30分間分散し、繊維の分散体Bを作製した。
得られた比較用セパレータの物性は、密度は0.40g/cm3、空隙率は73%、厚さは30μmであった。
繊維径0.5μm、繊維長1mmにフィブリル化された合成繊維ではない溶剤紡糸セルロースをイオン交換水に0.05質量%の濃度でパルパー内に投入し30分間分散し、繊維の分散体cを作製した。
上記分散体cを、JIS P8222に規定する標準型手抄き装置を用いて抄造し、目付量6g/cm2の湿紙シートを得た。その後、得られた湿体シートを手抄き装置から取り出し、上記乾燥繊維の合計質量100質量部に対し、乾燥後の塗布量が20質量部になるようにカルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液を噴霧塗布した後に、ヤンキードライヤーにて130℃で乾燥して比較用セパレータを得た。
得られた比較用セパレータの物性は、密度は0.41g/cm3、空隙率は74%、厚さは32μmであった。
実施例1~15及び比較例1~2で得られたセパレータにおいて下記評価を行い、セパレータとしての特性を評価した。なお、それぞれのセパレータについて、膜厚、密度、空隙率の物性値を表1に示す
実施例1~15及び比較例1~2のセパレータについて、正極、負極の電極を用いて電気二重層キャパシタを組み立てて、各々100個ずつ捲回型セルを作製した。なお、捲回型セルの作製においては、電極として電気二重層キャパシタ用の活性炭電極(宝泉株式会社製)を用いた。また、電解液としてプロピレンカーボネートに、1mol/Lとなるようにテトラエチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート(キシダ化学株式会社製)を溶解したものを用いた。
作製された捲回型セルについて、初期放電容量、2000時間試験後の放電容量、4000時間試験後の放電容量についてLCRメーターで測定した。また、各々のセルについて、2000時間試験後に2.5Vにて充電した後に、電気回路を開放して24時間後の保持電圧を調べた。なお、試験条件は、80℃、2.5V印加で行った。得られた結果を表2に示す。
実施例1~15及び比較例1~2のセパレータを170℃で1N/cm2の圧力で押し潰した後の厚さを測定した。得られた結果を表3に示す。
以上の結果から、本発明のセパレータは、薄膜で、有機溶剤やイオン性液体存在下での高温環境下での耐久性に、非常に優れていることが判った。従って、本発明のセパレータは、電気二重層キャパシタのような蓄電デバイスに好適に用いられ、電極間の短絡防止や自己放電の抑制に優れるものであった。
(実施例16)
上記抄紙材料を、JIS P8222に規定する標準型手抄き装置を用いて湿体シート(繊維層)を抄造した。その後、得られた湿体シートを手抄き装置から取り出し、上記乾燥繊維の合計質量100質量部に対し、乾燥後の塗布量が20質量部になるようにカルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液を噴霧塗布した後に、ヤンキードライヤーにて130℃で乾燥して本発明のセパレータを得た。
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは31μm、密度は0.41g/cm3、透気度は8秒/100mlであった。
(実施例17)
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは31μm、密度は0.45g/cm3、透気度は8秒/100mlであった。
(実施例18)
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは30μm、密度は0.40g/cm3、透気度は12秒/100mlであった。
(実施例19)
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは33μm、密度は0.55g/cm3、透気度は74秒/100mlであった。
(実施例20)
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは32μm、密度は0.63g/cm3、透気度は82秒/100mlであった。
(実施例21)
上記抄紙材料を、JIS P8222に規定する標準型手抄き装置を用いて湿体シートを抄造した。その後、得られた湿体シートを手抄き装置から取り出し、ヤンキードライヤーにて130℃で乾燥した後に、上記乾燥繊維の合計質量100質量部に対し、乾燥後の塗布量が20質量部になるようにカルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液を噴霧塗布し、ヤンキードライヤーにて130℃で乾燥して本発明のセパレータを得た。
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは31μm、密度は0.41g/cm3、透気度は8秒/100mlであった。
(実施例22)
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは49μm、密度は0.32g/cm3、透気度は15秒/100mlであった。
(実施例23)
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは22μm、密度は0.45g/cm3、透気度は5秒/100mlであった。
(実施例24)
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは57μm、密度は0.36g/cm3、透気度は19秒/100mlであった。
(実施例25)
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは32μm、密度は0.45g/cm3、透気度は11秒/100mlであった。
(実施例26)
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは38μm、密度は0.62g/cm3、透気度は42秒/100mlであった。
繊維径2.5μm、繊維長6mmのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維からなる繊維Aと、繊維径0.2μm、繊維長0.6mmにフィブリル化された全芳香族ポリアミドからなる繊維Bと、繊維径0.5μm、繊維長1mmにフィブリル化された溶剤紡糸セルロースからなる繊維Cを、各々25:60:15の質量比率でイオン交換水に0.05質量%の濃度でパルパー内に投入し30分間分散し、繊維の分散体からなる抄紙材料を作製した。
上記抄紙材料を、JIS P8222に規定する標準型手抄き装置を用いて湿体シートを抄造した。その後、得られた湿体シートを手抄き装置から取り出した後に、何も処理しないでヤンキードライヤーにて130℃で乾燥して比較用セパレータを得た。
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは30μm、密度は0.41g/cm3、透気度は8秒/100mlであった。
繊維径0.5μm、繊維長1mmにフィブリル化された溶剤紡糸セルロースからなる繊維Cをイオン交換水に0.05質量%の濃度でパルパー内に投入し30分間分散し、繊維の分散体からなる抄紙材料を作製した。その後、抄造、合成樹脂系結着剤の噴霧塗布及び乾燥処理を実施例16と同様にして比較用のセパレータを得た。
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは35μm、密度は0.41g/cm3、透気度は5秒/100mlであった。
繊維径2.5μm、繊維長6mmのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維からなる繊維Aと、繊維径0.5μm、繊維長1mmにフィブリル化された溶剤紡糸セルロースからなる繊維Cを、各々80:20の質量比率でイオン交換水に0.05質量%の濃度でパルパー内に投入し30分間分散し、繊維の分散体からなる抄紙材料を作製した。その後、抄造、合成樹脂系結着剤の噴霧塗布及び乾燥処理を実施例16と同様にして比較用のセパレータを得た。
得られたセパレータの物性は、セパレータの厚さは70μm、密度は0.32g/cm3、透気度は39秒/100mlであった。
実施例16~26及び比較例3~5のセパレータについて、正極、負極の電極を用いて電気二重層キャパシタを組み立てて、各々100個ずつ捲回型セルを作製した。なお、捲回型セルの作製においては、電極として電気二重層キャパシタ用の活性炭電極(宝泉株式会社製)を用いた。また、電解液としてプロピレンカーボネートに、1mol/Lとなるようにテトラエチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート(キシダ化学株式会社製)を溶解したものを用いた。
作製された捲回型セルの放電容量について、初期、2000時間試験後、4000時間試験後にそれぞれLCRメーターで測定し、高温長期試験後の放電容量の変化(低下)を評価した。なお、試験条件は、80℃、2.5V印加で行った。得られた結果を表5に示す。
実施例16~26及び比較例3~5のセパレータを170℃で1N/cm2の圧力で押し潰した後の厚さを測定した。得られた結果を表6に示す。
以上の結果から、本発明のセパレータは、薄膜で、有機溶剤やイオン性液体存在下での高温環境下での耐久性に、非常に優れていることが判った。従って、本発明のセパレータは、電気二重層キャパシタのような蓄電デバイスに好適に用いられ、電極間の短絡防止や自己放電の抑制に優れるものであった。
従って、本発明のセパレータは、蓄電デバイス用、特に、リチウムイオン二次電池、ポリマーリチウム二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ及びアルミニウム電解コンデンサ用として好適に用いることができ、産業上有用である。
11 ガイドローラー
12 ガイドローラー
13 傾斜走行部
14 第1のフローボックス
15 第2のフローボックス
16 分散体
17 分散体
18 隔壁
Claims (24)
- 2層以上の繊維層を積層してなる蓄電デバイス用セパレータであって、該繊維層の少なくとも1層が合成繊維と合成樹脂系結着剤を含有する合成繊維層であることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記合成樹脂系結着剤が、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びスチレン-ブタジエンゴムからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記合成樹脂系結着剤が、熱処理で融着していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記合成繊維が、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、全芳香族ポリアミド、全芳香族ポリエステル、半芳香族ポリアミド、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリパラフェニレンベンゾビスオキサゾール、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アラミド及びポリアリレートからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記合成繊維の繊維径が5μm以下、繊維長が10mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記2層以上の繊維層が、2つ以上のヘッドを有する傾斜ワイヤー抄紙機を用い、抄紙ネット上で重ねて抄き合わせてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記2層以上の繊維層が、第1のフローボックス内の吃水線と抄紙ネットとの交差部近傍に第2のフローボックス下部が位置する構造を持つ複数層を同時に形成できる多槽傾斜型湿式抄紙機を使用し、抄紙ネット上で重ねて抄き合わせてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記蓄電デバイスが、リチウムイオン二次電池、ポリマーリチウム二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ及びアルミニウム電解コンデンサのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 噴霧塗布により、合成樹脂系結着剤を乾燥状態の繊維層または湿紙状態の繊維層に塗布して請求項1乃至8に記載のいずれかの蓄電デバイス用セパレータを得る工程を含む、蓄電デバイス用セパレータの製造方法。
- 熱可塑性合成繊維A、耐熱性合成繊維B、天然繊維Cおよび合成樹脂系結着剤を含有する、蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記合成樹脂系結着剤が、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びスチレン-ブタジエンゴムからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記合成樹脂系結着剤が、熱処理で融着していることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記熱可塑性合成繊維Aが、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、全芳香族ポリアリレート、ポリエチレン及びポリプロピレンからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱性合成繊維Bが、全芳香族ポリアミド、全芳香族ポリエステル、半芳香族ポリアミド、ポリフェニレンサルファイド及びポリパラフェニレンベンゾビスオキサゾールからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記熱可塑性合成繊維Aが25~50質量%、前記耐熱性合成繊維Bが60~10質量%および前記天然繊維Cが15~40質量%の配合比率からなることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記熱可塑性合成繊維Aの繊維径が5μm以下で、繊維長が10mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱性合成繊維Bが、繊維径が1μm以下であって、且つ、繊維長が10mm以下にフィブリル化されていることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記天然繊維Cが、繊維径が1μm以下、繊維長が3mm以下にフィブリル化されている溶剤紡糸セルロースであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱性合成繊維B及び天然繊維Cがフィブリル化され、
前記熱可塑性合成繊維Aと、前記フィブリル化された耐熱性合成繊維B及び前記フィブリル化された天然繊維Cからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の繊維との絡み合いにより構成されていることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。 - 前記蓄電デバイス用セパレータの膜厚が、60μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記蓄電デバイス用セパレータの密度が0.2~0.7g/cm3であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記蓄電デバイス用セパレータの透気度が100秒/100ml以下であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 前記蓄電デバイスが、リチウムイオン二次電池、ポリマーリチウム二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ及びアルミニウム電解コンデンサのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 噴霧塗布により、合成樹脂系結着剤を乾燥状態の繊維層または湿紙状態の繊維層に塗布して請求項10~23に記載のいずれかの蓄電デバイス用セパレータを得る工程を含む、蓄電デバイス用セパレータの製造方法。
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| JP2014022093A (ja) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-02-03 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | リチウムイオン電池用セパレータ |
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| US10121607B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2018-11-06 | Corning Incorporated | Ceramic separator for ultracapacitors |
| US9660470B2 (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2017-05-23 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Flexible, hybrid energy generating and storage power cell |
| US10454090B2 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2019-10-22 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrode tab coated with electrical insulating layer and secondary battery comprising the same |
| JP6503201B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-12 | 2019-04-17 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用セパレータ及び該セパレータを用いた蓄電デバイス |
| HUE057888T2 (hu) * | 2015-09-29 | 2022-06-28 | Nippon Kodoshi Corp | Szeparátor elektrokémiai eszközhöz és elektrokémiai eszköz |
| JP2017179677A (ja) | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 特種東海製紙株式会社 | 多孔性シート |
| CN110249449B (zh) * | 2017-03-17 | 2022-03-08 | 东丽株式会社 | 电池用隔膜、电极体和非水电解质二次电池 |
| JP7125938B2 (ja) | 2017-07-18 | 2022-08-25 | 日本バイリーン株式会社 | 電気化学素子用セパレータ |
| JP6338759B1 (ja) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-06 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | 電気化学素子用セパレータ及び電気化学素子 |
| JP6989414B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-27 | 2022-01-05 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | 電気化学素子用セパレータ及び電気化学素子 |
| CN113106786A (zh) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-13 | 华南理工大学 | 一种多层复合的固态、半固态电解电容器隔膜纸及其制备方法和应用 |
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| JP2014022093A (ja) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-02-03 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | リチウムイオン電池用セパレータ |
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| US20120003525A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
| CN102356441A (zh) | 2012-02-15 |
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