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WO2010033352A1 - Echantillonnage synchrone synthetise et enveloppe d'accélération pour signature d'endommagement de roulement de différentiel - Google Patents

Echantillonnage synchrone synthetise et enveloppe d'accélération pour signature d'endommagement de roulement de différentiel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010033352A1
WO2010033352A1 PCT/US2009/054826 US2009054826W WO2010033352A1 WO 2010033352 A1 WO2010033352 A1 WO 2010033352A1 US 2009054826 W US2009054826 W US 2009054826W WO 2010033352 A1 WO2010033352 A1 WO 2010033352A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
speed
tachometer
synthesized
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/054826
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Huageng Luo
George Hanna Ghanime
Hai Qui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to DE112009002248T priority Critical patent/DE112009002248T5/de
Priority to JP2011530084A priority patent/JP5492214B2/ja
Priority to CA2736667A priority patent/CA2736667C/fr
Priority to GB1104376.7A priority patent/GB2475817B/en
Publication of WO2010033352A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010033352A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings
    • G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/527—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to vibration and noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2233/00—Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/43—Aeroplanes; Helicopters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/23—Gas turbine engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to engine bearing vibration signatures, and more particularly to a sampling and acceleration enveloping technique for enhancing differential bearing damage signatures associated with engine differential bearings.
  • Vibration signatures provide the most reliable early warning data associated with regular rolling-element bearing systems.
  • the acceleration enveloping based technique has existed for many years.
  • the synchronous sampling technique is also widely used in bearing signature enhancement, especially in variable speed applications.
  • Synchronous sampling is a technique for converting equal time sampling to equal shaft circumferential angle sampling, so that the rotor speed dependency is eliminated. This is usually achieved by installing an encoder on to the bearing which is used to monitor the shaft operation by counting the physical events of the rotating part passing through a stationary detector.
  • a method of detecting differential bearing damages comprises:
  • a method of enhancing a differential bearing damage signature comprises:
  • a system for detecting bearing damage comprises:
  • a synthesized tachometer configured to generate a speed signal for a bearing assembly such that the speed signal corresponds to the approximate location of a missing tachometer signal based on race speeds of the bearing assembly;
  • a sampling mechanism configured to synchronously sample vibration data associated with the bearing assembly based on the speed signal to generate synthesized cycle domain data corresponding to at least one bearing assembly damage signature.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a differential ball bearing assembly known in the art
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart illustrating an acceleration enveloping signal processing technique that is known in the art for enhancing a rotating bearing damage signature
  • Figure 3 is a waveform diagram illustrating conversion of equal time sampled data generated via a tachometer into equal space data according to one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 is a waveform diagram illustrating synthesized tachometer data generated from speed data according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart illustrating a synthesized synchronous sampling technique according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a comparison of a synchronized average enveloped spectrum with an averaged FFT spectrum and with an averaged envelope spectrum according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 7 illustrates placement of speed sensors and an accelerometer at different points on an aircraft engine case according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 A background in acceleration enveloping and synchronous sampling principles is now set forth below with reference to Figure 1 that illustrates a differential ball bearing assembly 10 known in the art and Figure 2 that depicts a flow chart illustrating an acceleration enveloping signal processing technique that is known in the art for enhancing a rotating bearing damage signature in order to facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the invention described below with reference to Figure 3-6.
  • Anti-friction bearings i.e. bearings containing rolling elements like rollers or balls, produce vibration excitation forces at specific frequencies dependent on the bearing geometry and rotation speed. These vibration frequencies are called bearing tones. All such bearings, regardless of their condition, will produce some level of bearing tones that increase in level as the bearing deteriorates.
  • the outer raceway 12 is usually fixed and the inner raceway 14 is rotating with the shaft 16.
  • both inner raceway 14 and outer raceway 12 can be rotating at different speeds.
  • the outer raceway 12 is rotating at speed N 0R while the inner raceway 14 is rotating at speed N m .
  • the velocities are
  • the spin frequency for the rolling element 18 can be similarly determined assuming there is no slip at the interface of the rolling element (ball) 18 and the outer race contact point.
  • the ball speed is where is the velocity of the outer race 12 at the contact point; is the velocity of the ball center; is the vector from ball center to the contact point; and is the ball absolute angular speed.
  • the ball angular speed consists of two parts: the cage angular speed and the rolling element angular speed Keeping in mind that the two components are not in the same direction.
  • the fundamental frequency will be 2f M , since for each complete rotation of the rolling element 18 with respect to the cage 20, the spot will contact inner race 14 and outer race 12 once, respectively.
  • each rolling element 18 will roll over the spot once in each revolution of the cage 20 with respect to the outer race 12, thus,
  • Acceleration Enveloping or demodulation is a signal processing technique that greatly enhances an analyst's ability to determine the condition of rotating equipment. Briefly speaking, the enveloping technique removes low frequency high amplitude signals and detects low amplitude high frequency components to enhance the damage signature. The isolated higher frequency defect signatures are then converted into frequency domain using rectification and envelope detection.
  • Figure 2 depicts a flow chart illustrating an acceleration enveloping signal processing technique 100 that is known in the art for enhancing a rotating bearing damage signature.
  • a defect occurs in a bearing
  • This kind of impact excites a broadband response in the system such as represented in blocks 102, 104, 106.
  • the response levels from the defect impacts are usually very low. If the dynamic range is low, the harmonic signals are down in the noise floor. Even with a high dynamic range, the harmonics still disappear within a short span and cannot be seen.
  • the key to detecting bearing faults is to capture the low amplitude bearing defect harmonics without including the high amplitude rotational vibration signals and system fundamental resonant frequency responses.
  • band pass filters are used to isolate the signature(s) such as represented in block 108.
  • the signal goes through a rectification device such as represented in block 110, and the envelope of the signal is detected from the rectified signal such as represented in block 112.
  • Applying low pass filtering such as represented in block 114 and FFT techniques such as represented in block 116 to the envelope signal wall reveal the frequency or frequencies and amplitude(s), which is/are uniquely associated with the damaged bearing component.
  • Vibrations occur at multiples and submultiples of the shaft speed for rotating machinery. For example, if the shaft is rotating at 3600rpm, which is 60 Hz, then responses at multiples of this frequency, sometimes at a fraction of this frequency, can be seen. These multiples are the orders (or harmonics in musical terms).
  • the general relationship between the order ODR, the shaft speed RPM, and the frequency /in Hz is
  • the synchronous sampling technique is a very useful for rotating machinery related data processing, especially for those applications with varying shaft speeds.
  • the Fourier transform is performed on the synchronously sampled data, the result is a set of data in a function of a frequency type scale; but now it is in increments of Orders not Hz.
  • the order analysis can be achieved by conducting a regular FFT and then converting the frequency domain into an order domain, using the shaft speed signal for constant shaft speed cases. If the speed is changing over the length of the FFT, then the order domain amplitude will be smeared over a range of orders.
  • synchronous sampling is preferable, but is difficult in practice. It is impossible to sample synchronously with some data acquisition equipment, in particular those with ⁇ - ⁇ type analog-to- digital converters (ADCs), where it must sample at regular time steps.
  • ADCs analog-to- digital converters
  • the present inventors recognized one solution is to use signal processing to digitally resample the data With the correct signal processing algorithms, the data can be resampled from the initial equi speed time increment data into equi spaced angle increment data, with the help of a once-per-rev tachometer signal from the shaft.
  • Equal time sampled data can be easily converted into equal space data using a tachometer, such as shown in Figure 3.
  • a synthesized tachometer signal can be generated from the speed (or speed difference) function; and an equal space sampling can be carried out with steps 1-5 discussed below with reference to Figure 4, according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a synthesized synchronous sampling technique according to one embodiment of the invention. Synthesized synchronous sampling is implemented using vibration sensor data 120 and tachometer (speed) data 122, 123. A synthesized tachometer 124 is implemented using the speed data 122, 123 in the same manner as described above.
  • the vibration sensor data 120 is preconditioned and digitized at a desired high A/D sampling rate.
  • a band pass filter 126 is then applied to isolate a frequency range of interest, usually above 10KHz.
  • a Hubert transform 128 is applied to envelope detection 129 of the isolated signal.
  • Synchronous sampling 130 is then employed using the synthesized tachometer 124 data and the isolated signal envelope data to convert the time domain envelope into synthesized cycle domain data.
  • a fast Fourier transform is applied to the cycle domain data to generate the desired order analysis 132.
  • the resultant order domain data is averaged to further enhance the differential bearing damage signature(s) as needed.
  • the resultant damage signatures 134 are fixed in the order domain.
  • the outer race of a differential bearing in one application was embedded with an EDM scratch. Based on Eq. (12) the frequency at the speed configuration was determined to be 1850 Hz, or 15.835 order of the speed difference.
  • the damage signature was greatly enhanced on a graphic display device such as, without limitation, a CRT of flat panel display, as seen in the bottom portion of Figure 6, only when synthesized synchronous sampling techniques according to the principles described herein were applied where the damage signature is precisely located at 14.835 Orders.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates placement of speed sensors 152, 154 and an accelerometer 156 at different points on an aircraft engine case 150 suitable to provide a workable solution according to one embodiment of the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système permettant de détecter des détériorations de roulements de différentiel qui comporte un tachymètre synthétisé qui génère un signal du tachymètre correspondant à la différence de vitesse de course d'un ensemble roulement de façon que la dépendance de la différence de vitesse de détérioration de roulement peut être éliminée et les caractéristiques de détérioration renforcées. Le système comporte également une enveloppe d'accélération dans le domaine du cycle pour renforcer encore les signatures de détérioration.
PCT/US2009/054826 2008-09-22 2009-08-25 Echantillonnage synchrone synthetise et enveloppe d'accélération pour signature d'endommagement de roulement de différentiel Ceased WO2010033352A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112009002248T DE112009002248T5 (de) 2008-09-22 2009-08-25 Synthetisierte synchrone Abtastung und Beschleunigungshüllkurvenbildung für eine Differientiallagerschadensignatur
JP2011530084A JP5492214B2 (ja) 2008-09-22 2009-08-25 差動軸受の損傷シグネチャのための合成同期サンプリングおよび加速度包絡線処理
CA2736667A CA2736667C (fr) 2008-09-22 2009-08-25 Echantillonnage synchrone synthetise et enveloppe d'acceleration pour signature d'endommagement de roulement de differentiel
GB1104376.7A GB2475817B (en) 2008-09-22 2009-08-25 Synthesized synchronous sampling and acceleration enveloping for differential bearing damage signature

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/284,441 US7930111B2 (en) 2008-09-22 2008-09-22 Synthesized synchronous sampling and acceleration enveloping for differential bearing damage signature
US12/284,441 2008-09-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010033352A1 true WO2010033352A1 (fr) 2010-03-25

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PCT/US2009/054826 Ceased WO2010033352A1 (fr) 2008-09-22 2009-08-25 Echantillonnage synchrone synthetise et enveloppe d'accélération pour signature d'endommagement de roulement de différentiel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7930111B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP5492214B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2736667C (fr)
DE (1) DE112009002248T5 (fr)
GB (1) GB2475817B (fr)
WO (1) WO2010033352A1 (fr)

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JP2015505058A (ja) * 2012-01-24 2015-02-16 スネクマ 回転モーターの振動信号を取得するためのシステム

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2475817B (en) 2012-08-15
GB201104376D0 (en) 2011-04-27
JP2012503208A (ja) 2012-02-02
CA2736667C (fr) 2017-12-12
CA2736667A1 (fr) 2010-03-25
US20100071469A1 (en) 2010-03-25
DE112009002248T5 (de) 2011-09-29
GB2475817A (en) 2011-06-01
JP5492214B2 (ja) 2014-05-14
US7930111B2 (en) 2011-04-19

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