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WO2010029356A1 - Équilibrage de cellules - Google Patents

Équilibrage de cellules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010029356A1
WO2010029356A1 PCT/GB2009/051152 GB2009051152W WO2010029356A1 WO 2010029356 A1 WO2010029356 A1 WO 2010029356A1 GB 2009051152 W GB2009051152 W GB 2009051152W WO 2010029356 A1 WO2010029356 A1 WO 2010029356A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cells
groups
module
switches
battery pack
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2009/051152
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricardo UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricardo UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricardo UK Ltd filed Critical Ricardo UK Ltd
Publication of WO2010029356A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010029356A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H02J7/56—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for balancing the charge levels of cells within a battery pack. In particular but not exclusively it relates to charging and monitoring a battery pack for use within an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • Battery packs used in hybrid fuel cell or electric vehicles are typically strings of batteries/cells coupled together.
  • the isolated current source is in fact provided from the battery pack via some isolating converter using separate induction loops or an opto-coupler. This means that all of the cells including the weakest cells are collectively used to power a few of the cells. That is, the weak cells themselves provide a percentage of the power used to charge the weak cells. Where the number of cells in the battery is small, the cell being charged provides a significant proportion of the power used to recharge it leading to significant inefficiency.
  • An object of the current invention is to at least mitigate some of the problems discussed above. In some forms of the invention this object may be achieved with incorporation of some of the features of the system of US5498950 with a module based battery management system adapted to be more effective and better suited to modern cell chemistries.
  • apparatus for balancing a plurality of connected cells in a battery which battery comprises a first module containing a first plurality of groups of cells and second module containing a second plurality of groups cells, the apparatus comprising one or more processors, one or more inputs connected to the one or more processors, a first set of switches configured to be connected to the first plurality of groups of cells, a first DC to DC converter connected to the first set of switches and configured to be connected to the second plurality of groups of cells of the second module, a second set of switches configured to be connected to the second plurality of groups of cells, a second DC to DC converter connected to the second set of switches and configured to be connected to cells of a module different to the second module, wherein one or more of the processors are programmed to calculate which groups of cells of the first plurality of groups of cells should be charged to balance the battery pack based on signals from one of the inputs, such as from a voltmeter or state of charge estimator, and is programmed to open one
  • a method of balancing a plurality of connected cells in a battery which battery comprises a first module containing a first plurality of groups of cells and second module containing a second plurality of groups cells, using a processor to calculate which groups of cells of the first plurality of groups of cells should be charged to balance the battery pack based on signals from one of the inputs, such as from a voltmeter or state of charge estimator, and to opening one or more of the first set of switches corresponding to one or more groups of cells it is desired to charge, so that power from the second module charges one or more groups of cells of the first module, and wherein calculating which groups of cells of the second plurality of groups of cells should be charged to balance the battery pack based on signals from one of the inputs, and opening one or more of the second set of switches corresponding to one or more groups of cells it is desired to charge, so that power from a different module to the second module charges one or more groups of cells of the second module.
  • each group only comprises a single cell.
  • each of the DC to DC converters comprises an isolating converter such as a fly back converter.
  • the one or more processors comprises a first processor connected to the first set of switches and a second processor connected to the second set of switches, the first processor being the processor programmed to calculate which groups of cells of the first plurality of groups of cells should be charged to balance the battery pack based on signals from one of the inputs, such as from a voltmeter or state of charge estimator, and is programmed to open one or more of the first set of switches corresponding to one or more groups of cells it is desired to charge, so that in use when connected to the battery pack power from the second module charges one or more groups of cells of the first module, the second processor being the processor programmed to calculate which groups of cells of the second plurality of groups of cells should be charged to balance the battery pack based on signals from one of the inputs, and is programmed to open one or more of the second set of switches corresponding to one or more groups of cells it is desired to charge, so that in use when connected to the battery pack, power from a different module to the second module charges one or more groups of cells of the second module.
  • processors programmed so that in use power for each module of groups of cells receives power form a different module and not from class within its own module.
  • processors for different sets of switches are connected and programmed to balance the battery pack across multiple modules.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of battery pack divided into two modules
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of connections between two modules of cells in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is more detailed but still schematic view of some of the features of a control charging system for a single module in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration of connections between two modules
  • Figure 5 is an example of connections between modules in a multi module system
  • Figure 6 is a more detailed circuit diagram for a single module; of an implementation of balancing apparatus
  • FIG. 7 details schematic apparatus in accordance with the invention which includes hardware protection to ensure that certain switches cannot be set.
  • a battery pack 10 for an electric vehicle comprising a set of batteries 16 side circuit boards 28 and 30 and two end components 24 and 26.
  • the set of batteries 16 comprises thirty two cells 18 organised into two adjacent modules of 16 cells each.
  • circuit board 28 or 30 fits over one module/side of the set of batteries 16 therefore enclosing 16 cells each.
  • the circuit board 28, 30 includes micro processors etc. for controlling the batteries along with the wiring for connecting batteries to relevant sensors. Since each of the cells 26 and 28 only attaches to 16 of the cells this battery pack is considered to be in two modules, each modules comprising 16 cells and the circuit board including micro processors. There may be a separate micro processor and/or sensors for each of the cells in the portions.
  • circuit boards 28 and 30 comprise sixteen sections 32 each of which contains electronics relating to that cell.
  • End components 24 and 26 simply fit over the two modules to mechanically attach them together.
  • Each cell 18 comprises terminals 22 from which power drives the electric vehicle. These can connect with the top of the battery pack 10 going with connections between the two circuit boards 28 and 30 or may connect through the circuit boards 28 and 30 via any designed electronics contained within it.
  • FIG 2 is shown a schematic view of some of the features which of the battery pack 10.
  • the two modules of cells are shown separately as set 52 and set 54 within a module, the first module 46 and the second module 48.
  • Each module also contains a programmed micro processor 56, sensors such as temperature sensors 64 and fly back converter 58 or other means for generating an isolated current supply.
  • Each of the battery sets 52, 54 contains 16 cells 18 preferably each with their own sensor 64. The cells of battery set 52 collectively connect to the fly back converter 58 whilst the cells 18 of battery set 54 collectively connect to flyback converter 59 of first module 46.
  • the programmed micro-processor 56 takes inputs from each of the sensors 64 of its module 46 or 48 and connects to and controls the fly back converter 58, 59.
  • connection 72 between the two modules 46 and 48 which may be for instance a simple serial link eg., C A N. In the embodiment shown this connects directly between the micro processors 56 with the connections from the other components connecting into this link allowing the micro processor in the opposite module to also send data or control the flow of power into the other module as described in detail below.
  • FIG 3 there is shown more detail of the electronics within each module 48.
  • the micro processor 56 and fly back converter 59 sensors 64 along with a state of charge provider 80 and a series of sixteen switches 70 which are control by the micro processor 16 and each individually connect to one cell 18 within the module 48 on one end and on the other end connect to the fly back converter 59. From the components described so far this has similarities to US5498950.
  • the state of charge provider instead of simply being a battery voltage sensor for each individual cell may be any other known means for either measuring or estimating the state of charge of the cells.
  • the fly back converter 59 is connected to the other module 46 rather than an isolated current source being provided from the entire battery pack 10.
  • module cells 52 and 54 are shown along with their corresponding fly back converters 58, 59 and micro processors and other electronics 56. As shown, within each module 46 and 48 the fly back converter 58, 59 connects to the micro processor 56 and the micro processor then connects to the module cells 52 or 54.
  • the inputs to the fly back converters 58, 59 come from the cells 52 or 54 from the opposite module 46 or 48. That is, that the fly back converter 58 of module 46 is powered by cell set 54 whilst the fly back converter 59 of the module 48 is powered by the cell set 52.
  • the micro processor 56 uses the state of charge temperature sensors 64 and SOC provider 80 to know which cells within the module set 52 it is desired to charge and control the switches 70 accordingly.
  • micro processor 56 and other electronics contained within the module 46 are also powered by the cells from a different module such as module 58.
  • FIG 5 A desired implementation for a multiple modular battery pack is shown in figure 5.
  • a modular battery sets 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 each sending power to an adjacent balancing apparatus (comprising the fly back converter, micro processor etc.,) 91, 93, 95, 97 and 99 which provide power to the weak cells in a different module.
  • each of the modules provides power for balancing the cells in the adjacent module with the end module 90 providing the power to balance the opposite end module via its balancing apparatus 99.
  • FIG 6 is shown a particular implementation of balancing apparatus (with the power for the fly back supply coming from another module) with more components shown using switches CSl to CS 17 to connect to the cells 18 of a battery set 52/.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil permettant d’équilibrer une pluralité de cellules connectées dans une batterie. Ladite batterie comprend un premier module présentant un premier nombre de groupes de cellules et un second module présentant un second nombre de groupes de cellules. L’appareil comprend un ou plusieurs processeurs, une ou plusieurs entrées connectées auxdits processeurs, un premier ensemble d’interrupteurs conçus pour être connectés au premier nombre de groupes de cellules, un premier convertisseur c.c./c.c. connecté au premier ensemble d’interrupteurs et conçu pour être connecté au second nombre de groupes de cellules du second module, un second ensemble d’interrupteurs conçus pour être connectés au second nombre de groupes de cellules et un second convertisseur c.c/c.c. connecté au second ensemble d’interrupteurs et conçu pour être connecté à des cellules d’un module différent du second module. Un ou plusieurs des processeurs sont programmés pour calculer les groupes de cellules de le premier nombre de groupes de cellules qui doivent être chargés pour équilibrer la batterie sur la base de signaux provenant de l’une des entrées, notamment à partir d’un voltmètre ou d’un estimateur de l’état de charge, et sont programmés pour ouvrir un ou plusieurs interrupteurs du premier ensemble d’interrupteurs correspondant à un ou plusieurs groupes de cellules que l’on souhaite charger, de façon qu'en marche, lors d’une connexion à la batterie, l’énergie provenant du second module charge un ou plusieurs groupes de cellules du premier module. Un ou plusieurs des processeurs sont également programmés pour déterminer par calcul les groupes de cellules du second nombre de cellules qui doivent être chargés pour équilibrer la batterie sur la base de signaux provenant de l’une des entrées, et sont programmés pour ouvrir un ou plusieurs interrupteurs du second ensemble d’interrupteurs correspondant à un ou plusieurs groupes de cellules que l’on souhaite charger, de façon qu'en marche, lors d’une connexion à la batterie, l’énergie provenant d’un module différent du second module charge un ou plusieurs groupes de cellules du second module.
PCT/GB2009/051152 2008-09-09 2009-09-09 Équilibrage de cellules Ceased WO2010029356A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0816464A GB2463120A (en) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Battery cell charge balancing
GB0816464.2 2008-09-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010029356A1 true WO2010029356A1 (fr) 2010-03-18

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2009/051152 Ceased WO2010029356A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2009-09-09 Équilibrage de cellules

Country Status (2)

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GB (1) GB2463120A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010029356A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6034506A (en) * 1998-01-16 2000-03-07 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Lithium ion satellite battery charge control circuit
WO2004049540A2 (fr) * 2002-11-25 2004-06-10 Tiax Llc Systeme d'equilibrage de cellules destine a egaliser l'etat de charge parmi des unites de stockage d'energie electrique connectees en serie
US20040222771A1 (en) * 2003-05-09 2004-11-11 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Battery power circuit and automobile battery power circuit
US20050017682A1 (en) * 2003-07-21 2005-01-27 The Boeing Company Autonomous battery cell balancing system with integrated voltage monitoring

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004030177A1 (fr) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-08 Eaton Power Quality Limited Appareil de controle de batterie modulaire avec capacites de detection de cellules et de redistribution d'energie

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6034506A (en) * 1998-01-16 2000-03-07 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Lithium ion satellite battery charge control circuit
WO2004049540A2 (fr) * 2002-11-25 2004-06-10 Tiax Llc Systeme d'equilibrage de cellules destine a egaliser l'etat de charge parmi des unites de stockage d'energie electrique connectees en serie
US20040222771A1 (en) * 2003-05-09 2004-11-11 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Battery power circuit and automobile battery power circuit
US20050017682A1 (en) * 2003-07-21 2005-01-27 The Boeing Company Autonomous battery cell balancing system with integrated voltage monitoring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0816464D0 (en) 2008-10-15
GB2463120A (en) 2010-03-10

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