WO2010023333A1

WO2010023333A1 - Method and system for fixing slate tiles on roofs

Info

Publication number: WO2010023333A1
Application number: PCT/ES2009/000368
Authority: WO
Inventors: Javier Fernandez Fernandez
Original assignee: Cupa Innovacion SL
Current assignee: Cupa Innovacion SL
Priority date: 2008-07-17
Filing date: 2009-07-16
Publication date: 2010-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 2011-01-17

Abstract

A system for fixing slate tiles on roofs comprises, at least, one of the following parts: a plurality of parts (1) for fastening the tiles (3) together; a plurality of first means for joining the tiles (3) along the hip; and a plurality of means for joining the tiles (3) along the ridge; all this in such a way that said joining means and fastening parts fix the tile parts (3) with respect to the slats (2) fixed to the roof and/or vertical support wall as the rows of tiles (3) are completed. According to a second aspect of the invention the method for fixing tiles on roofs and the tool for adjusting the tiles are described.

Description

PROCEDIMIENTO Y SISTEMA DE FIJACIÓN DE PIZARRAS EN CUBIERTAS SLATE FIXING PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM ON COVERS

Objeto de Ia invención.Object of the invention.

El objeto de Ia presente invención está referido a un sistema y método de fijación de fácil acceso y registro de pizarras en cubiertas, incluyendo los útiles propios de dicho registro, con Io que se consigue el total cubrimiento de Ia cubierta, asegurando Ia impermeabilidad de Ia misma, así como el registro de cualquier pizarra una vez rematada Ia cubierta para realizar reparaciones. La finalidad esencial de Ia presente invención es facilitar Ia instalación de piezas de pizarra, reduciendo los tiempos de colocación y Ia especialización de Ia mano de obra requerida, garantizandoThe object of the present invention is related to a system and method of fixing easy access and registration of blackboards on roofs, including the tools of said registration, so that the total coverage of the roof is achieved, ensuring the impermeability of the same, as well as the registration of any slate once the cover is finished for repairs. The essential purpose of the present invention is to facilitate the installation of slate pieces, reducing the installation times and the specialization of the required labor, guaranteeing

Ia integridad del conjunto y su durabilidad/The integrity of the assembly and its durability /

En un aspecto no menos importante, Ia invención describe soluciones específicas, tanto para las pizarras afectadas por una limatesa como para las pizarras que están afectadas por una cumbrera, evitando en ambos casos cualquier movimiento tanto sea de levantamiento como de desprendimiento de Ia cubierta y permitiendo un rápido montaje de dicha cubierta.In a no less important aspect, the invention describes specific solutions, both for the boards affected by a limatesa and for the boards that are affected by a ridge, avoiding in both cases any movement either lifting or detaching the cover and allowing a quick assembly of said cover.

Antecedentes de Ia invención.Background of the invention.

En Ia actualidad el montaje de pizarra aplicada a cubiertas resulta complejo y lento, requiriendo con ello una mano de obra muy especializada a Ia vez más difícil de conseguir. La importante repercusión económica en ello hace que cada día sea menor el número de personas que optan por cubrir su tejado con pizarra.At present, the assembly of slate applied to roofs is complex and slow, requiring a very specialized workforce that is more difficult to achieve. The important economic impact on this means that the number of people who choose to cover their roof with slate is smaller every day.

Además, es un producto con unas amplias posibilidades de éxito en países donde no existe tradición de cubiertas de pizarra. Principalmente Ia fijación de Ia pizarra puede realizarse mediante dos sistemas diferentes:In addition, it is a product with ample possibilities of success in countries where there is no tradition of slate roofs. Mainly the fixing of the board can be done by two different systems:

Un primer procedimiento mediante clavado, que se distingue por:A first procedure by nailing, which is distinguished by:

- Una colocación de pieza por pieza, con dos clavos cada pieza. Esto repercute en una lentitud en Ia colocación, así como posibles problemas de rotura de Ia pizarra. - Necesidad de replanteo inicial tanto vertical como horizontal para posicionado posterior de las pizarras que incide negativamente en Ia productividad.- A placement piece by piece, with two nails each piece. This results in a slowness in the placement, as well as possible problems of breaking the board. - Need for initial staking both vertical and horizontal for subsequent positioning of the boards that negatively affects productivity.

- Registrabilidad de las pizarras difícil.- Whiteboard registrability difficult.

Un segundo procedimiento mediante gancho que también se distingue por:A second hook procedure that is also distinguished by:

- Su colocación pieza por pieza, convirtiéndose en un proceso lento - Necesidad de replanteo inicial tanto horizontal como vertical que incide negativamente en Ia productividad. Elementos de sujeción de Ia pizarra visibles.- Placement piece by piece, becoming a slow process - Need for initial staking both horizontal and vertical that negatively affects productivity. Fastening elements of the visible board.

En general, las soluciones recogidas en el estado de Ia técnica para Ia fijación de pizarras en cubiertas son soluciones complicadas que requieren de elementos igualmente complejos que no permiten un fácil acceso al mismo. Ello redunda en conjuntos aparatosos, de difícil transporte y manipulación, encareciendo todo el proceso productivo sin que las ventajas de los mismos permitan sobreponerse a los problemas. . - En Ia patente española P200700568 del mismo solicitante que Ia presente invención se contempla un sistema de colocación de pizarra en cubierta y paramentos verticales en los que se desarrolla un sistema modular constituido en fábrica o a pie de obra, que supone una disminución de Ia complejidad de Ia instalación de una cubierta de pizarra, sobre todo en Ia resolución de, casos especiales como son los distintos tipos de encuentro entre vertientes.In general, the solutions included in the state of the art for fixing slate roofs are complicated solutions that require equally complex elements that do not allow easy access to it. This results in appalling sets, difficult to transport and handle, making the entire production process more expensive without their advantages allowing them to overcome the problems. . - In the Spanish patent P200700568 of the same applicant that the present invention contemplates a system of placing slate on roof and vertical walls in which a modular system constituted in factory or on site is developed, which implies a decrease in the complexity of The installation of a slate roof, especially in the resolution of special cases such as the different types of encounter between slopes.

Descripción de Ia invención.Description of the invention.

En líneas generales , el sistema de fijación registrable de pizarra en cubiertas y paramentos verticales, y útil para el registro, que constituyen el objeto de Ia invención , hacen posible alcanzar ventajas sobre los sistemas de colocación de pizarra tradicionales, al incorporar una geometría muy especial para las garras o elementos de anclaje de las pizarras a los rástreles, incorporando también los rástreles un perfil especifico para permitir Ia entrada y el anclaje de Ia garra, así como su deslizamiento a Io largo del rastrel como hemos dicho anteriormente. Los medios con los que cuenta Ia pizarra para que se sujete a ella Ia garra, son unos ranurados abiertos pero con Ia particularidad de que las garras son comunes a cada dos piezas de pizarras adyacentes, y además Ia longitud del ranurado es superior (el doble) de Ia mitad de Ia amplitud de Ia garra que define una porción vertical intermedia de Ia parte superior de Ia garra y es Ia parte que se introduce en el ranurado. Esta mayor longitud del ranurado permite que pueda desplazarse Ia garra hacia uno u otro lado para posibilitar el registro de cualquier pieza de pizarra una vez terminada Ia cubrición operación, esta que se hace con ayuda del útil descrito en Ia presente memoria descriptiva.In general, the system of registrable slate fixing on roofs and vertical walls, and useful for registration, which are the object of the invention, make it possible to achieve advantages over traditional slate placement systems, by incorporating a very special geometry for the claws or anchoring elements of the slates to the rails, the rails also incorporating a specific profile to allow the entry and anchoring of the claw, as well as its sliding along the track as we have said previously. The means with which the slate counts so that the claw is attached to it, are open grooves but with the particularity that the claws are common to each two pieces of adjacent boards, and in addition the length of the groove is greater (double ) of the half of the amplitude of the claw that defines an intermediate vertical portion of the upper part of the claw and is the part that is introduced into the grooving. This greater length of the groove allows the claw to move towards one or the other side to enable the registration of any piece of slate once the operation covering is finished, which is done with the help of the tool described in this specification.

Las piezas de pizarra se trasportan por tanto sin llevar ensambladas las garras, permitiéndose utilizar pizarras de cualquier formato, sin alteraciones en las piezas y sin variar el proceso de instalación. Es posible también utilizar perfiles de longitudes elevadas para mejorar el rendimiento de colocación, puesto que se suministran las piezas por separado, sin formar parte de un premontado cuya limitación es el peso y manejabilidad.The slate pieces are therefore transported without having the claws assembled, allowing the use of whiteboards of any format, without alterations in the pieces and without varying the installation process. It is also possible to use length profiles high to improve placement performance, since the pieces are supplied separately, without being part of a pre-assembled whose limitation is weight and manageability.

La amplitud de Ia garra, en Ia pared que se introduce en las ranuras de Ia pizarra, otorga una óptima superficie resistente en los puntos de fijación. Por cada pieza de pizarra solo se requiere una garra o pieza de anclaje, aunque para cada una de aquellas existen dos zonas de fijación al estar compartida Ia garra por dos pizarras contiguas.The amplitude of the claw, in the wall that is introduced into the grooves of the slate, gives an optimal resistant surface at the fixing points. For each piece of slate only one claw or anchor piece is required, although for each one of those there are two fixing zones when the claw is shared by two adjacent boards.

Los elementos de anclaje o garras tienen una estructura de lámina plegada en forma de "U" invertida, donde las ramas descendentes presentan unas muescas laterales en Ia parte trasera y una pestaña en forma de "V" en Ia parte delantera que se enclavan en las bandas longitudinales de Ia forma en "U" del rastrel previamente sujeto a Ia cubierta al contar con ranurados en sus tramos de unión de las ramas, mediante cualquier medio de unión, como por ejemplo, atornillado, clavado, remachado o similar.The anchoring elements or claws have an inverted "U" shaped folded sheet structure, where the descending branches have lateral notches in the rear and a "V" shaped flange in the front part that are interlocked in the Longitudinal bands of the "U" shape of the strip previously attached to the cover by having grooves in its branches connecting the branches, by any means of joining, such as, for example, screwing, nailing, riveting or the like.

El elemento de anclaje o garra presenta una prolongación vertical en uno de los extremos de dicho cuerpo, continuándose esta porción vertical en un ala superior horizontal extendida lateralmente en voladizo que se solapan con las piezas de pizarra, obteniendo una unión que imposibilita el movimiento indeseado de Ia pizarra, tanto el de levantamiento como el de caída.The anchoring element or claw has a vertical extension in one of the ends of said body, this vertical portion being continued in a horizontal upper wing laterally extended in cantilever overlapping with the slate pieces, obtaining a joint that prevents unwanted movement of The board, both the rising and falling.

Por otra parte, el alma de Ia garra en "U" invertida presenta un abultamiento longitudinal que sirve de tope para el montaje correcto de Ia unión entre las dos pizarras que Ia comparten. Cuando se procede al registro desplazando los elementos de anclaje o garras hacia los laterales, es necesario producir un desplazamiento forzado pero posible debido a Ia elasticidad propia de Ia pestaña que se extiende verticalmente hacia Ia parte inferior de dicho elemento de anclaje o garra; y donde, además, dicha pestaña dimana de una muesca en el alma del propio elemento de anclaje o garra, teniendo además Ia pestaña forma de "V" para facilitar su inserción por presión en el rastrel tal y como ha sido comentado. Los problemas particulares de acabado de Ia cubierta en cuanto a las limatesas y las cumbreras de Ia cubierta se solucionan mediante el uso de medios específicos de unión entre limatesas y pizarras, y pizarras y cumbreras. Además, dichas soluciones particulares presentan distintas geometrías para facilitar su utilidad, obteniendo en conjunto una solución ventajosa que se adapta perfectamente a las ventajas anteriormente descritas para Ia cubierta total. Por su parte, el útil para el registro de pizarras, esta constituido por un elemento laminar a modo de flecha cuyo cuerpo presenta en un punto paracentral un tope que define el límite de introducción entre dos filas de pizarras y concretamente sobre Ia pizarra situada encima de Ia que quiere registrar por defectuosa para sustituirla por una nueva. El extremo opuesto del cuerpo presenta un mango para su manejo. En proximidad al tope y en Ia zona correspondiente al mango existe una pletina articulada en su extremo, materializando un indicador de Ia posición de Ia garra que esta oculta, y que posee tres muescas de señalización linealmente distantes, correspondientes a Ia posición inicial o correcta de Ia garra entre dos pizarras, y las posiciones desplazadas a izquierda o derecha para posibilitar el registro y el posterior desplazamiento en sentido contrario para ocupar Ia posición inicial una vez puesta Ia nueva pizarra.On the other hand, the soul of the inverted "U" claw has a longitudinal bulge that serves as a stop for the correct assembly of the joint between the two boards that share it. When the registration is carried out by moving the anchoring elements or claws towards the sides, it is necessary to produce a forced but possible displacement due to the elasticity of the flange that extends vertically towards the lower part of said anchoring element or claw; and where, in addition, said flange originates from a notch in the soul of the anchoring element or claw itself, also having the "V" shaped tab to facilitate its insertion by pressure in the strip as it has been commented. The particular problems of finishing the roof in terms of the limatesas and the ridge of the roof are solved by means of the use of specific means of union between limatesas and blackboards, and blackboards and ridge. In addition, said particular solutions have different geometries to facilitate their usefulness, obtaining together an advantageous solution that adapts perfectly to the previously described advantages for the total cover. For its part, the tool for the registration of slates, is constituted by an arrow-shaped laminar element whose body has a stop at a central point that defines the limit of introduction between two rows of slates and specifically on the slate located above The one you want to register as defective to replace it with a new one. The opposite end of the body has a handle for handling. In proximity to the stop and in the area corresponding to the handle there is an articulated plate at its end, materializing an indicator of the position of the claw that is hidden, and that has three linearly distant notches, corresponding to the initial or correct position of The claw between two boards, and the positions shifted to the left or right to enable registration and subsequent displacement in the opposite direction to occupy the initial position once the new board is placed.

Breve descripción de las figuras. A continuación se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor Ia invención y que se relacionan expresamente con varias realizaciones de dicha invención que se presentan como ejemplos no limitativos de ésta.Brief description of the figures. Next, a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to various embodiments of said invention that are presented as non-limiting examples thereof are described very briefly.

FIGURA 1.- Vista parcial en perspectiva de una cubierta de pizarra construida mediante el sistema de fijación preconizado por Ia presente invención.FIGURE 1.- Partial perspective view of a slate roof constructed by means of the fixing system recommended by the present invention.

FIGURA 2.- Es una vista en perspectiva de uno de los rástreles utilizados para formar Ia cubierta de Ia figura 1.FIGURE 2.- It is a perspective view of one of the rails used to form the cover of Figure 1.

FIGURA 3.- Es una vista en perspectiva de un elemento de anclaje o garra de fijación de pizarra al rastrel, parte integrante del sistema de fijación objeto de Ia presente invención.FIGURE 3.- It is a perspective view of an anchoring element or clamp for slate fixing to the track, an integral part of the fixing system object of the present invention.

FIGURA 4.- Es una vista en alzado transversal del perfil del rastrel.FIGURE 4.- It is a cross-sectional view of the profile of the track.

FIGURA 5.- Es una secuencia de montaje en dos posiciones (figura 5A y figura 5B) del acoplamiento de un elemento de anclaje al rastrel.FIGURE 5.- It is a sequence of assembly in two positions (Figure 5A and Figure 5B) of the coupling of an anchoring element to the track.

FIGURA 6.- Es una secuencia de montaje en cuatro posiciones (figuras 6A a 6D) de las pizarras al rastrel.FIGURE 6.- It is a sequence of assembly in four positions (figures 6A to 6D) of the slates when trailing.

FIGURA 7.- Es una vista parcial en alzado lateral de una cubierta de pizarra formada mediante el sistema de fijación objeto de Ia presente invención.FIGURE 7.- It is a partial side elevation view of a slate roof formed by the fixing system object of the present invention.

FIGURA 8.- Vista parcial de una fila de pizarras afectadas por una limatesa.FIGURE 8.- Partial view of a row of blackboards affected by a limatesa.

FIGURA 9.- Vista parcial ¡sométrica de una pizarra afectada por una limatesa. FIGURA 10.- Vista parcial isométrica de una pizarra afectada por una limatesa solidaria con una pieza laminar objeto de Ia invención mediante una operación de remachado.FIGURE 9.- Partially symmetrical view of a slate affected by a limatesa. FIGURE 10.- Isometric partial view of a slate affected by a limatesa in solidarity with a sheet piece object of the invention by means of a riveting operation.

FIGURA 11.- Vista parcial de Ia unión del conjunto pizarra - pieza laminar al listón de madera de Ia limatesa mediante el clavado.FIGURE 11.- Partial view of the union of the slate assembly - sheet piece to the wooden strip of the limatesa by means of nailing.

FIGURA 12.- Son dos vistas (figuras 12A y 12B) de Ia unión de varias pizarras que están afectadas por una limatesa al listón de maderaFIGURE 12.- There are two views (figures 12A and 12B) of the union of several blackboards that are affected by a limatesa to the wooden slat

FIGURA 13.- Es una vista en perspectiva de un elemento de anclaje laminar para Ia fijación de Ia pizarra al rastrel, parte integrante del sistema de fijación objeto de Ia presente invención.FIGURE 13.- It is a perspective view of a laminar anchoring element for fixing the slate to the track, an integral part of the fixing system object of the present invention.

FIGURA 14.- Es una secuencia de montaje en cuatro posiciones (figuras 14A a 14D) del segundo método de ejecución de Ia limatesa las pizarras mediante diversas piezas objeto de Ia invención.FIGURE 14.- It is a sequence of assembly in four positions (Figures 14A to 14D) of the second method of execution of the board of the boards using various parts object of the invention.

FIGURA 15.- Es una vista en perspectiva de un elemento de tope laminar para Ia sujeción de Ia pizarra para evitar su levantamiento.FIGURE 15.- It is a perspective view of a laminar stop element for securing the board to prevent its lifting.

FIGURA 16.- Son dos figuras (16A y 16B) de un elemento laminar en forma de "U" que sirve para Ia unión de pizarras pequeñas.FIGURE 16.- They are two figures (16A and 16B) of a "U" shaped laminar element that serves to join small boards.

FIGURA 17.- Es una secuencia de montaje en seis posiciones (figuras 17A a 14F) del primer método de ejecución de Ia cumbrera. FIGURA 18.- Es una vista en perspectiva de una pieza laminar plegada que se utiliza para evitar Ia caída de las pizarras en el primer método de ejecución de Ia cumbrera objeto de Ia invención.FIGURE 17.- It is a sequence of assembly in six positions (Figures 17A to 14F) of the first method of execution of the ridge. FIGURE 18.- It is a perspective view of a folded sheet piece that is used to prevent the fall of the slates in the first method of execution of the ridge object of the invention.

FIGURA 19.- Es una vista en perspectiva de una pieza laminar plegada cuya función es evitar el levantamiento de las pizarras en el primer método de ejecución de Ia cumbrera objeto de Ia invención.FIGURE 19.- It is a perspective view of a folded sheet piece whose function is to prevent the lifting of the slates in the first method of execution of the ridge object of the invention.

FIGURA 20.- Es una secuencia de montaje en ocho posiciones (figuras 2OA a 20H) del segundo método de ejecución de Ia cumbrera.FIGURE 20.- It is an assembly sequence in eight positions (figures 2OA at 20H) of the second method of execution of the ridge.

FIGURA 21.- Es una vista en perspectiva de Ia placa de impermeabilización de ^' cumbrera perteneciente al segundo método de ejecución. FIGURA 22.- Es una vista en perspectiva de Ia placa tope de las pizarras de precoronación.Figure 21.- Is a perspective view of the plate waterproofing ^'ridge belonging to the second method of execution. FIGURE 22.- It is a perspective view of the top plate of the precoronation boards.

FIGURA 23.- Es una vista en perspectiva del útil para el registro de pizarras, acorde con Ia invención. FIGURA 24.- Es una secuencia de movimientos en cinco posiciones a) b) c) cf) y e) para el registro de una pizarra defectuosa para sustituirla por una nueva, empleando el útil de Ia figura 23.FIGURE 23.- It is a perspective view of the tool for the registration of slates, in accordance with the invention. FIGURE 24.- It is a sequence of movements in five positions a) b) c) cf) and e) for the registration of a defective board to replace it with a new one, using the tool of Figure 23.

FIGURA 25.- Vista de Ia colocación del aluminio en Ia tercera realización del método de ejecución de Ia limatesa (figura 25A) y de su acceso y registro (figura. 25B).FIGURE 25.- View of the placement of aluminum in the third embodiment of the method of execution of the limatesa (figure 25A) and its access and registration (figure. 25B).

FIGURA 26A.- Es una vista en perspectiva del rastrel de Ia presente invención según un segundo modo de realización.FIGURE 26A.- It is a perspective view of the strip of the present invention according to a second embodiment.

FIGURA 26B.- Es una vista en alzado transversal del rastrel de Ia presente invención según un segμndo modo de realización. FIGURA 27A.- Es una vista en perspectiva del elemento de anclaje de Ia presente invención según un segundo modo de realización.FIGURE 26B.- It is a cross-sectional view of the strip of the present invention according to a second embodiment. FIGURE 27A.- It is a perspective view of the anchoring element of the present invention according to a second embodiment.

FIGURA 27B.- Es una vista de perfil del elemento de anclaje de Ia presente invención según un segundo modo de realización.FIGURE 27B.- It is a profile view of the anchoring element of the present invention according to a second embodiment.

FIGURA 27C- Es una vista en planta del elemento de anclaje de Ia presente invención según un segundo modo de realización.FIGURE 27C- It is a plan view of the anchoring element of the present invention according to a second embodiment.

FIGURA 28A.- Es una vista en perspectiva del elemento de anclaje de Ia presente invención según un tercer modo de realización.FIGURE 28A.- It is a perspective view of the anchoring element of the present invention according to a third embodiment.

FIGURA 28B.- Es una vista de perfil del elemento de anclaje de Ia presente invención según un tercer modo de realización. FIGURA 28C- Es una vista en planta del elemento de anclaje de Ia presente invención según un tercer modo de realización. ^FIGURE 28B.- It is a profile view of the anchoring element of the present invention according to a third embodiment. FIGURE 28C- It is a plan view of the anchoring element of the present invention according to a third embodiment. ^

FIGURAS 29A y 29B.- Son una secuencia de montaje en dos posiciones del elemento de anclaje, de acuerdo al tercer modo de realización del mismo, en el rastrel del segundo modo de realización.FIGURES 29A and 29B.- They are a sequence of assembly in two positions of the anchoring element, according to the third embodiment thereof, in the strip of the second embodiment.

Realización preferente de Ia invención.Preferred embodiment of the invention.

Tal y como se puede observar en las figuras adjuntas, el sistema de fijación de pizarras (3) en cubiertas comprende, al menos, uno de los siguientes elementos: una pluralidad de elementos de anclaje (1) entre pizarras (3); una pluralidad de primeros medios de unión de las pizarras (3) en Ia limatesa; y una pluralidad de medios de unión de las pizarras (3) en Ia cumbrera ; todo ello de tal forma que dichos medios de unión y elementos de anclaje (1) solidaricen las piezas de pizarra (3) respecto a los rástreles (2) fijados en Ia cubierta y/o paramento vertical, a medida que se completan las filas de pizarras (3). Los elementos de anclaje (1) o garras de fijación entre pizarras (3) Fig.3 comprenden, al menos: un cuerpo (11), esencialmente en "U" invertida, con estructura de lámina plegada, donde las ramas laterales (12) presentan unas muescas laterales (13) aptas para su enclavamiento en las bandas longitudinales laterales de los rástreles (2); una primera prolongación vertical superior (14) en un extremo de dicho cuerpo (11), continuándose dicha prolongación vertical (14) en un ala superior horizontal (15) a modo de "T", en voladizo, y orientada sobre el cuerpo (11) en "U", comprendiendo a su vez un orificio (19) centrado en Ia superficie de dicha ala (15); una segunda prolongación vertical inferior (16), en el extremo contrario a Ia primera prolongación (14), donde dicha segunda prolongación (16) consiste esencialmente en una pestaña en forma de "V", dimanante de un rehundido (17) en el alma del cuerpo (11 ) en "U"; y un abultamiento longitudinal (18) tal que forme un tope para las pizarras (3) unidas mediante el elemento de anclaje (1 ).As can be seen in the attached figures, the blackboard fixing system (3) on roofs comprises at least one of the following elements: a plurality of anchoring elements (1) between blackboards (3); a plurality of first means of joining the slates (3) in the limatesa; and a plurality of means for joining the slates (3) in the ridge; all this in such a way that said joining means and anchoring elements (1) solidify the slate pieces (3) with respect to the rails (2) fixed in the roof and / or vertical wall, as the rows of blackboards (3). The anchoring elements (1) or fixing claws between slates (3) Fig. 3 comprise, at least: a body (11), essentially in an inverted "U", with a folded sheet structure, where the lateral branches (12) they have lateral notches (13) suitable for interlocking in the lateral longitudinal bands of the rails (2); a first upper vertical extension (14) at one end of said body (11), said vertical extension (14) continuing on a horizontal upper wing (15) as a "T", cantilevered, and oriented on the body (11 ) in "U", in turn comprising a hole (19) centered on the surface of said wing (15); a second lower vertical extension (16), at the opposite end to the first extension (14), where said second extension (16) consists essentially of a "V" shaped flange, emanating from a recess (17) in the soul of the body (11) in "U"; and a longitudinal bulge (18) such that it forms a stop for the slates (3) joined by the anchoring element (1).

Los rástreles (2) Rg.4 consisten en un perfil con sección esencialmente en "U" comprendiendo: un alma portadora de una pluralidad de ranuras (21) aptas para Ia fijación convencional a Ia cubierta; una primera rama (22) formando un primer ángulo agudo (a) con el alma del rastrel (2) y donde su parte superior queda rematada por una pestaña (221 ) orientada hacia el interior del alma del rastrel (2), formando un segundo ángulo obtuso (β) con Ia primera rama (22); y una segunda rama (23) formando un tercer ángulo obtuso (Y) con el alma del rastrel (2) y donde en su parte superior queda rematada por una pestaña (231) orientada hacia el interior del rastrel (2), formando un cuarto ángulo agudo (ό) con Ia segunda rama (23).The rails (2) Rg.4 consist of a profile with section essentially "U" comprising: a carrier carrying a plurality of grooves (21) suitable for conventional fixing to the cover; a first branch (22) forming a first acute angle (a) with the soul of the batter (2) and where its upper part is topped by a flange (221) oriented towards the inside of the soul of the batter (2), forming a second obtuse angle (β) with the first branch (22); and a second branch (23) forming a third obtuse angle (Y) with the core of the strip (2) and where in its upper part it is topped by a flange (231) oriented towards the inside of the strip (2), forming a quarter acute angle (ό) with the second branch (23).

El procedimiento de montaje de pizarras (3) consecutivas Fig.6 comprende, al menos, las siguientes etapas: una primera etapa donde una vez sujetado el rastrel (2) a Ia cubierta se introducen las muescas (13) de las alas (12) de las garras o elementos de anclaje (1) en el extremo inferior del rastrel (2), luego mediante un giro de Ia garra o elemento de anclaje (1) se provoca el clipado de Ia garra o elemento de anclaje (1) al rastrel (2) en Ia parte superior, y donde para facilitar este movimiento se puede utilizar un punzón o mango; una segunda etapa de inserción de Ia pizarra (3) ranurada lateralmente en Ia prolongación vertical superior (14) en un extremo de dicho cuerpo (11) de Ia garra o elemento de anclaje (1) hasta el embutido que posee en Ia parte central; y una tercera etapa de inserción de Ia garra o elemento de anclaje (1) en el rastrel (2) siguiendo el procedimiento de lá primera etapa y desplazándose en Ia ranura del rastrel (2) hasta el abultamiento (18) que posee Ia garra o elemento de anclaje (1 ) en su parte central.The procedure for mounting consecutive slates (3) Fig. 6 comprises, at least, the following stages: a first stage where once the strip (2) is attached to the deck, the notches (13) of the wings (12) are introduced of the claws or anchoring elements (1) at the lower end of the strip (2), then by means of a rotation of the claw or anchoring element (1) the clamping of the claw or anchoring element (1) is caused to the track (2) in the upper part, and where to facilitate this movement a punch or handle can be used; a second stage of insertion of the slate (3) laterally grooved in the upper vertical extension (14) at one end of said body (11) of the claw or anchoring element (1) to the sausage it has in the central part; and a third stage of insertion of the claw or anchoring element (1) in the strip (2) following the procedure of the first stage and moving in the slot of the strip (2) to the bulge (18) that has the claw or anchoring element (1) in its central part.

Y donde dicho procedimiento se repite para cada una de las pizarras (3) a colocar. Los medios de unión de las pizarras (3) en limatesa Fig.8 comprenden, en una primera realización, al menos una garra (100) Fig.13, donde dicha garra (100) comprende a su vez: una primera zona posterior (102) de Ia garra (100), sustancialmente plana, de tal forma que pueda ser clavada al listón (101) de madera en limatesa ; y una segunda zona anterior (103) de Ia garra (100), en forma de "U", tal que pueda ser unida a Ia pizarra (3) a remachar; y donde, además, en Ia parte superior se presenta al menos un orificio (104) de remachado de Ia pizarra (3).And where said procedure is repeated for each of the boards (3) to be placed. The joining means of the slates (3) in limatesa Fig. 8 comprise, in a first embodiment, at least one claw (100) Fig. 13, wherein said claw (100) in turn comprises: a first rear area (102 ) of the claw (100), substantially flat, so that it can be nailed to the slat (101) of wood in Lima; and a second anterior zone (103) of the claw (100), in the form of "U", such that it can be attached to the slate (3) to be riveted; and where, in addition, in the upper part there is at least one riveting hole (104) of the board (3).

Los medios de unión de las pizarras (3) en Ia limatesa comprenden en una segunda realización, al menos: un tope angular (110) Fig.15 de fijación en el rastrel (2) de Ia cubierta, dicho tope (110) comprendiendo a su vez: una primera ala (111) de unión a Ia pizarra (3) de lima, , consistente en una ranura vertical centrada en el cuerpo del ala (111); y una segunda ala (112) de unión al rastrel (2) de Ia cubierta; un elemento de unión (113) Fig.16 de pizarras (3) consistente en una chapa plegada en "U" con una pluralidad de orificios (114) de remachado de Ia pizarra (3).The means for joining the slates (3) in the limatesa comprise in a second embodiment, at least: an angular stop (110) Fig. 15 for fixing on the strip (2) of the cover, said stop (110) comprising in turn: a first wing (111) joining the slate (3) of lime, consisting of a vertical groove centered on the body of the wing (111); and a second wing (112) joining the strip (2) of the cover; a joining element (113) Fig. 16 of slates (3) consisting of a sheet folded in "U" with a plurality of riveting holes (114) of the slate (3).

Los medios de unión de las pizarras (3) en Ia cumbrera Fig.17 comprenden, en una primera realización Fig.20, al menos: un elemento de colgado (200) Fig.18, comprendiendo dicho elemento (200) un perfil que comprende, a su vez: una primera zona (202) en "U" de abrazo de pizarra (3), con su ala inferior (202a) sustancialmente más corta que Ia ala superior (202b); una segunda zona quebrada (203), que dimana del ala superior (202b) de Ia primera zona (202) y comunica con Ia tercera zona (204); una tercera zona (204) consistente en un ala sustancialmente plana tal que evite el levantamiento de Ia pizarra (3) sobre Ia que es introducida, y comprendiendo además un orificio de localización (205) que sirve para alinearlo con Ia línea de unión de dos pizarras (3); un perfil de unión (201) comprendiendo una primera zona (206) de apoyo y fijación sobre Ia cubierta y una segunda zona (207) de acuñado de Ia penúltima fila de Ia cubierta; y una chapa resorte (210) comprendiendo una primera zona de apoyo y fijación (211) sobre Ia cubierta y una segunda zona de apoyo (212) sobre Ia pizarra (3) de Ia última fila.The joining means of the slates (3) in the ridge Fig.17 comprise, in a first embodiment Fig.20, at least: a hanging element (200) Fig. 18, said element (200) comprising a profile comprising , in turn: a first zone (202) in "U" of slate hug (3), with its lower wing (202a) substantially shorter than the upper wing (202b); a second broken zone (203), which emanates from the upper wing (202b) of the first zone (202) and communicates with the third zone (204); a third zone (204) consisting of a substantially flat wing such that it avoids the lifting of the slate (3) on which it is introduced, and also comprising a location hole (205) that serves to align it with the joining line of two blackboards (3); a joining profile (201) comprising a first support and fixing area (206) on the cover and a second coining area (207) of the penultimate row of the cover; and a spring plate (210) comprising a first support and fixing area (211) on the deck and a second support area (212) on the board (3) of the last row.

Los medios de unión de las pizarras (3) en Ia cumbrera comprenden, en una segunda realización al menos: una placa de cumbrera (310) Fig.21 comprendiendo una primera zona (311) de tope de pizarra (3), una segunda zona (312) de fijación con Ia cubierta y una tercera zona (313) de impermeabilización; donde Ia primera zona (311) es sustancialmente de menor longitud que Ia segunda zona (312) y a su vez Ia segunda zona (312) es sustancialmente de menor longitud que Ia tercera zona (313); y un tope de pre-coronación (320) Fig.22 comprendiendo una primera zona de tope (321) de pizarra (3) y una segunda zona (322) de fijación de Ia cubierta. En un segundo aspecto de Ia presente invención el procedimiento de fijación de pizarras (3) en cubiertas comprende, al menos, una de las siguientes etapas: una etapa de fijación de pizarras (3) afectadas por una limatesa; y una etapa de fijación de pizarras (3) afectadas por una cumbrera La etapa de fijación de pizarras (3) afectadas por una limatesa donde se emplea Ia primera realización de los medios de unión de Ia pizarra (3) en Ia limatesa comprende a su vez las siguientes etapas: una primera etapa de recortado de las pizarras (3) afectadas por Ia lima Fig.8, tras Ia introducción del máximo número de pizarras (3), donde, además, a las pizarras (3) que solamente poseen una fijación se les efectuará un taladro a Ia distancia determinada por Ia garra (100) Fig.9; una segunda etapa de remachado de Ia garra (100) a Ia pizarra (3) a través de los orificios practicados en ambos elementos Fig.10; y una tercera etapa de clavado de Ia garra (100) al listón (101 ) de madera que define Ia línea de limatesa Fig.12; de tal forma que los medios de unión de Ia pizarra (3) y Ia Hmatesa se apoyen sobre el listón (101) de madera de limatesa, pudiéndose girar antes de remachar para asegurar un correcto apoyo de Ia pizarra (3) remachada sobre el listón (101) de madera, dado que los diferentes cortes de las pizarras (3) provocan una posición relativa diferente con respecto a Ia parte superior del listón (101).The means for joining the slates (3) in the ridge comprise, in a second embodiment at least: a ridge plate (310) Fig. 21 comprising a first zone (311) of slate stop (3), a second zone (312) for fixing with the cover and a third waterproofing zone (313); where the first zone (311) is substantially shorter than the second zone (312) and in turn the second zone (312) is substantially shorter than the third zone (313); and a pre-coronation stop (320) Fig. 22 comprising a first stop zone (321) of slate (3) and a second zone (322) for fixing the cover. In a second aspect of the present invention, the method of fixing slates (3) on roofs comprises, at least, one of the following stages: a step of fixing slates (3) affected by a limatesa; and a stage for fixing slates (3) affected by a ridge The stage for fixing slates (3) affected by a limatesa where the first embodiment of the means for joining the slate (3) in the limatesa is used includes its Once the following stages are observed: a first stage of cutting the slates (3) affected by the file Fig. 8, after the introduction of the maximum number of slates (3), where, in addition, the slates (3) that only have one fixing a drill will be made at the distance determined by the claw (100) Fig. 9; a second riveting stage of the claw (100) to the slate (3) through the holes made in both elements Fig. 10; and a third stage of nailing the claw (100) to the slat (101) of wood that defines the limatesa line Fig. 12; in such a way that the joining means of the slate (3) and the Hmatesa rest on the slat (101) of limatesa wood, being able to rotate before riveting to ensure a correct support of the slate (3) riveted on the lath (101) of wood, given that the different cuts of the boards (3) cause a different relative position with respect to the upper part of the slat (101).

La etapa de fijación de pizarras afectadas por una limatesa, en una segunda realización práctica, empleando Ia segunda realización práctica de los medios de unión entre pizarra y limatesa, comprende a su vez las siguientes etapas Fig.14: una primera etapa de introducción del máximo número de pizarras (3) enteras hasta llegar a Ia lima; una segunda etapa de recortado de las pizarras (3) afectadas por Ia lima; una tercera etapa de fijación del rastrel (2) al tope angular (110); y una cuarta etapa de introducción de Ia pizarra (3) recortada, donde se pliegan sobre ella las alas (111) del tope angular (110) de tal forma que se evite el levantamiento; y donde finalmente en el caso de que alguna pizarra (3) no estuviese perfectamente asentada se utilizará una chapa de unión (113) en "U" remachada sobre las dos pizarras (3) colindantes, siguiendo Ia línea de lima. , ,,The fixing stage of slates affected by a limatesa, in a second practical embodiment, using the second practical embodiment of the means of connection between slate and limatesa, in turn comprises the following steps Fig. 14: a first stage of introduction of the maximum number of blackboards (3) whole until reaching the file; a second cutting stage of the slates (3) affected by the file; a third stage of fixing the strip (2) to the angular stop (110); and a fourth stage of introduction of the clipped slate (3), where the wings (111) of the angular stop (110) are folded thereon in such a way that lifting is avoided; and where finally in the event that any slate (3) was not perfectly seated, a "U" junction plate (113) riveted on the two adjacent boards (3) will be used, following the lime line. , ,,

En una tercera realización práctica Ia etapa de fijación de pizarras (3) afectadas por una limatesa comprende a su vez las siguientes etapas: una primera etapa de clavado de un listón (501) a Io largo de Ia línea de limatesa apoyado en su lado más estrecho; una segunda etapa de dibujado de una línea paralela como referencia en el corte de las pizarras (3); una tercera etapa de introducción del máximo número de pizarras (3) enteras hasta llegar a Ia línea de corte, donde se recortarán las pizarras (3) afectadas por Ia lima; una cuarta etapa de colocación de clavos (502) sobre Ia línea de referencia y aIn a third practical embodiment, the stage for fixing slates (3) affected by a limatesa comprises, in turn, the following stages: a first stage of nailing a slat (501) along the line of Lima supported on its most side narrow; a second stage of drawing a parallel line as a reference in the cutting of the boards (3); a third stage of introduction of the maximum number of whole boards (3) until reaching the cutting line, where the boards (3) affected by the file will be cut; a fourth stage of nail placement (502) on the reference line and a

Ia mitad de Ia pizarra (3) en sentido horizontal, y donde éstos serán insertados hasta que su cabeza esté a ras del listón (501); y donde se taladran las pizarras (3) que tienen una sola unión con los elementos de anclaje (1), remachando con un ganchoIa half of the board (3) horizontally, and where these will be inserted until its head is flush with the ribbon (501); and where the slates (3) that have a single connection with the anchoring elements (1) are drilled, riveting with a hook

(503) Ia pizarra (3) y colgando las pizarras (3) remachadas de los clavos (502); y una quinta etapa de colocación del aluminio (504) de limatesa para evitar el levantamiento de las pizarras (3) (fig. 25A); donde para el registro de Ia pizarra (3) se girará el gancho (503) para desengancharse del clavo (502) recurriendo en su caso al útil de registro para provocar este giro (fig. 25B).(503) the board (3) and hanging the boards (3) riveted from the nails (502); and a fifth stage of placing the aluminum (504) of Lima to prevent the lifting of the boards (3) (fig. 25A); where for the registration of the board (3) the hook (503) will be rotated to disengage the nail (502), using the registration tool to cause this rotation (fig. 25B).

La etapa de fijación de pizarras (3) afectadas por una cumbrera comprende las siguientes etapas Fig.17, empleando los medios propios de Ia primera realización práctica del sistema para Ia unión pizarra - cumbrera: una primera etapa de inserción del mayor número posible de filas de pizarrasThe step of fixing slates (3) affected by a ridge comprises the following steps Fig. 17, using the means of the first practical embodiment of the system for the slate-ridge joint: a first stage of insertion of the largest possible number of rows of blackboards

(3) estándar siempre que el último rastrel (2) no interfiera en una distancia prefijada D de Ia línea de cumbrera, y donde en caso necesario se podría recortar las cabezas de esta última línea de pizarras (3) para verificar Ia distancia prefijada para el funcionamiento del sistema; una segunda etapa de fijación de las pizarras (3) posteriores, donde se procederá a Ia inserción de unos elementos de colgado (200) en las cabezas de esta fila y un perfil de unión (201) que hará de tope de tal forma que no decaigan los elementos de colgado (200), además de acuñar a Ia fila de pizarras (3) eliminando cualquier holgura, y donde este perfil de unión (201) se une a Ia cubierta mediante un procedimiento seleccionado entre clavado, atornillado y remachado; una tercera etapa de inserción en Ia ranura propia de los elementos de colgado (200) de una pizarra (3), hasta Ia altura de Ia pizarra (3) precedente, y donde sé cortará además Ia pizarra (3) inferior para adecuarse a Ia zona vista de Ia cubierta; una cuarta etapa de colocación de las pizarras (3), desplazando los elementos de colgado (200) para permitir su colocación, insertándose posteriormente hasta Ia zona central de Ia ranura pues cada elemento de colgado (200) sujetará dos pizarras (3) evitando así su caída; y donde en Ia última fila se situarán unas chapas (210) fijadas a Ia cubierta que actuarán a modo de resorte, evitando el levantamiento a causa del viento.(3) standard as long as the last track (2) does not interfere with a predetermined distance D of the ridge line, and where necessary, the heads of this last blackboard line (3) could be trimmed to verify the preset distance for system operation; a second stage of fixing the rear boards (3), where the hanging elements (200) will be inserted into the heads of this row and a joint profile (201) that will stop as such that no the hanging elements (200) decay, in addition to wedging the row of slates (3) eliminating any slack, and where this joint profile (201) joins the deck by a procedure selected from nailing, screwing and riveting; a third stage of insertion in the groove of the hanging elements (200) of a slate (3), up to the height of the previous slate (3), and where the lower slate (3) will also be cut to fit the view area of the roof; a fourth stage of placing the slates (3), displacing the hanging elements (200) to allow their placement, subsequently inserting them until the central area of the groove since each hanging element (200) will hold two slates (3) thus avoiding its fall; and where in the last row plates (210) will be placed fixed to the roof that will act as a spring, avoiding the lifting due to the wind.

En una segunda realización práctica, Ia etapa de fijación de pizarras (3) afectadas por una cumbrera comprende a su vez las siguientes etapas Fig.20: una primera etapa de inserción del mayor número posible de filas de pizarras (3) estándar siempre que el último rastrel (2) no interfiera en una distancia prefijada "D" de Ia línea de cumbrera; una segunda etapa de colocación de un tope (320) bajo el rastrel (2) para las pizarras (3) especiales de esta fila; una tercera etapa de recorte de las pizarras (3) de precoronación que son pizarras (3) estándar donde se ha cortado Ia cabeza de dicha pizarra (3) a una distancia "L" tal que permita su apoyo sobre el tope (320) de Ia fila de precoronación, o primera fila de pizarras (3) tras Ia cumbrera; una cuarta etapa de colocación del conjunto placa de cumbrera (310) - listón, y rastrel (2) tangente a Ia línea de cumbrera, donde el conjunto placa de cumbrera (310) - listón tendrá Ia función de impermeabilizar Ia cubierta en esta zona; y donde, además para tener un buen apoyo con las pizarras (3) de Ia fila anterior se colocara un calzo que elevará todo el conjunto; y donde las pizarras (3) a utilizar en esta última fila son unas pizarras (3) especiales que tendrán las ranuras localizadas próximas a Ia cabeza de Ia pizarra (3); y donde para un mejor acabado estético, en caso de que Ia parte vista de Ia penúltima fila sea inferior a Io normal se pueden recortar las pizarras (3) de Ia fila de coronación, junto con el conjunto placa de cumbrera (310) - listón oculto para dejar esta distancia.In a second practical embodiment, the stage for fixing slates (3) affected by a ridge, in turn, comprises the following stages Fig. 20: a first stage of insertion of the largest possible number of rows of slates (3) as long as the last track (2) does not interfere with a predetermined distance "D" of the ridge line; a second step of placing a stop (320) under the strip (2) for the special boards (3) of this row; a third step of trimming the precoronation boards (3) which are standard boards (3) where the head of said board (3) has been cut to a distance "L" such that it allows its support on the stop (320) of the precoronation row, or first row of slates (3) after the ridge; a fourth step of placing the ridge plate assembly (310) - lath, and track (2) tangent to the ridge line, where the ridge plate assembly (310) - lath will have the function of waterproofing the cover in this area; and where, in addition to having a good support with the slates (3) of the previous row, a chock will be placed that will lift the whole assembly; and where the slates (3) to be used in this last row are special slates (3) that will have the grooves located close to the head of the slate (3); and where for a better aesthetic finish, if the part of the penultimate row is lower than normal, the slates (3) of the coronation row can be trimmed, together with the ridge plate assembly (310) - ribbon hidden to leave this distance.

Vamos a analizar ahora el procedimiento para el registro de una pizarra, tal como Ia referenciada (3') en Ia figura 24 que ha de ser sustituida por una nueva al ser defectuosa, representada con una arpadura (421 ), una vez rematada Ia cubrición y de una forma sencilla como es característica básica de Ia invención. Para ello se precisa del útil de registro (422) que se muestra en Ia figura 23.We will now analyze the procedure for the registration of a blackboard, such as the one referenced (3 ') in Figure 24 that has to be replaced by a new one when it is defective, represented with a arpadura (421), once the covering is finished and in a simple way as is the basic characteristic of the invention. This requires the registration tool (422) shown in Figure 23.

Es un elemento laminar en forma de flecha. Su punta a modo de pala (423) tiene sus bordes laterales paralelos. Incluye un tope (424) que se eleva de Ia zona central de su cuerpo laminar y posteriormente cuenta con un mango (425).It is an arrow shaped laminar element. Its blade-like tip (423) has its parallel side edges. It includes a stop (424) that rises from the central area of its laminar body and subsequently has a handle (425).

En un punto (426) próximo y posterior al tope (424) está articulado el indicador (427) materializado por una pletina que se remata en una patilla ascendente (428) para facilitar su movimiento. En el indicador (427) existen tres señalizaciones: Ia referenciada con un punto cero (429), Ia de referencia con un signo "-" (430) y Ia referenciada con un signo "+" (431) para controlar las posiciones que adopta el elemento de anclaje (1) durante Ia operación de registro, como veremos en Io que sigue:At a point (426) near and after the stop (424) the indicator (427) is articulated, materialized by a plate that ends at an ascending pin (428) to facilitate its movement. In the indicator (427) there are three signals: the one referenced with a zero point (429), the reference one with a "-" sign (430) and the one referenced with a "+" sign (431) to control the positions it adopts the anchoring element (1) during the registration operation, as we will see in the following:

En primer lugar (posición "a" de Ia figura 24) se inserta el cuerpo en punta (423) del registrador (422) por encima de Ia pizarra (3') a extraer y debajo de Ia superior (3) hasta que el tope (424) contacte con esta última. - Se gira el indicador (427) en dirección de Ia garra o elemento de anclaje (1) a mover y se desplaza el cuerpo hasta que Ia marca "cero" queda sobre Ia ranura de Ia pieza contigua, marcando Ia posición inicial o correcta del elemento de anclaje (1). - Con ligeros golpes de martillo se va desplazando paralelamente el registrador (422) hasta que el signo "-" (430) del indicador (417) coincida con Ia ranura (posición "b"), momento en el cual Ia garra o elemento de anclaje (1) se sale del ranurado contiguo. Se efectúa Ia misma operación en el otro lado y entonces se puede retirar Ia pizarra (3') defectuosa (posiciónIn the first place (position "a" of Figure 24), the pointed body (423) of the recorder (422) is inserted above the board (3 ') to be removed and below the upper one (3) until the stop (424) contact the latter. - The indicator (427) is turned in the direction of the claw or anchoring element (1) to be moved and the body is moved until the "zero" mark is on the groove of the adjacent piece, marking the initial or correct position of the anchoring element (1). - With slight hammer blows, the register (422) moves parallel until the sign "-" (430) of the indicator (417) coincides with the slot (position "b"), at which time the claw or element of anchor (1) exits the adjacent groove. The same operation is performed on the other side and then the defective board (3 ') can be removed (position

"c")."C").

Una vez insertada Ia nueva pizarra (3) se coloca el registrador (422) sobre Ia pizarra (3) contigua hasta el tope y de forma que coincida el signo "+" del indicador (427) con Ia ranura de unión. Con los golpes suaves de martillo se desplaza el registrador (422) hasta que Ia marca "cero" (429) quede en Ia ranura, Io que indica que es correcta Ia posición inicial o de bloqueo de Ia garra o elemento de anclaje (1). esta operación se repite al otro lado y Ia pizarra (3) quedará perfectamente colocada.Once the new board (3) is inserted, the recorder (422) is placed on the board (3) adjacent to the top and so that the "+" sign of the indicator (427) coincides with the joint slot. With soft hammer blows, the logger (422) is moved until the "zero" mark (429) is in the groove, which indicates that the initial or locking position of the claw or anchoring element (1) is correct. . This operation is repeated on the other side and the board (3) will be perfectly placed.

En las figuras 26A y 26B se puede apreciaran rastrel (2) de acuerdo a un segundo modo de realización. Como se puede observar el rastrel (2) presenta un perfil con sección esencialmente en "L" que comprende: un alma portadora de una pluralidad de ranuras u orificios (21') aptas para Ia fijación convencional a Ia cubierta; una primera rama (22') formando un primer ángulo agudo (σ') con el alma, dotada de una pluralidad de orificios de drenaje (24') que sirven para expulsar el agua de Ia cubierta en caso de producirse una rotura de una o más pizarras (3). Estos orificios de drenaje (24') están situados en el nervio de unión con el alma portadora, en el lugar más bajo posible; un tramo intermedio (221') en posición vertical unido al extremo superior de Ia primera rama (22'), donde su parte superior queda rematada por una pestaña (222') orientada hacia el interior del rastrel (2), formando un segundo ángulo agudo (/?') con el tramo intermedio (221'); y una segunda rama (23') solapada sobre el alma del rastrel (2) en el lado opuesto a Ia ubicación de Ia primera rama (22'), donde dicho solape aumenta Ia resistencia del alma portadora del rastrel (2) y evita Ia presencia de aristas cortantes que pueden provocar riesgos durante su manipulación.In figures 26A and 26B it can be seen that the track (2) is according to a second embodiment. As can be seen, the strip (2) has a profile with essentially "L" section comprising: a carrier carrying a plurality of grooves or holes (21 ') suitable for conventional fixing to the cover; a first branch (22 ') forming a first acute angle (σ') with the soul, provided with a plurality of drainage holes (24 ') that serve to expel water from the cover in case of a breakage of one or more more blackboards (3). These drain holes (24 ') are located in the junction rib with the carrier soul, in the lowest possible place; an intermediate section (221 ') in vertical position attached to the upper end of the first branch (22'), where its upper part is topped by a flange (222 ') oriented towards the inside of the strip (2), forming a second angle acute (/? ') with the intermediate section (221'); and a second branch (23 ') overlapped on the core of the strip (2) on the side opposite to the location of the first branch (22'), where said overlap increases the resistance of the carrier soul of the strip (2) and avoids the presence of sharp edges that can cause risks during handling.

En las figuras 27A, 27B y 27C se puede apreciar un elemento de anclaje (2) de acuerdo a un segundo modo de realización. Como se puede observar dicho elemento de anclaje (1) de pizarras (3) comprende: un cuerpo (11') esencialmente en forma de "U" invertida, con estructura de lámina plegada con unas ramas laterales (12') que presentan unas muescas laterales (13') aptas para su enclavamiento en una de las bandas longitudinales laterales de los rástreles (2); una primera prolongación vertical superior (14') que parte del extremo del cuerpo (11') que se encuentra situado en el lado de las muescas (13'), continuándose dicha prolongación vertical (14') en un ala superior horizontal (15') a modo de "T", en voladizo, y orientada sobre el cuerpo (11'), comprendiendo a su vez un orificio (19') centrado en Ia superficie de dicha ala (15') que sirve como mirilla para posicionar fácilmente el elemento de anclaje (1) entre dos pizarras (3); y un segundo orificio (190') dispuesto sobre Ia parte central del cuerpo (11') que permite insertar una herramienta para facilitar el clipado del elemento de anclaje (1) al rastrel (2).An anchoring element (2) according to a second embodiment can be seen in Figures 27A, 27B and 27C. As can be seen said anchoring element (1) of slates (3) comprises: a body (11 ') essentially in the form of an inverted "U", with folded sheet structure with lateral branches (12') that have lateral notches (13 ') suitable for interlocking in one of the lateral longitudinal bands of the track them (2); a first upper vertical extension (14 ') than part of the end of the body (11') that is located on the side of the notches (13 '), said vertical extension (14') continuing on a horizontal upper wing (15 ') ) as a "T", cantilevered, and oriented on the body (11 '), comprising in turn a hole (19') centered on the surface of said wing (15 ') that serves as a peephole to easily position the anchoring element (1) between two boards (3); and a second hole (190 ') disposed on the central part of the body (11') that allows to insert a tool to facilitate the clipping of the anchoring element (1) to the strip (2).

En las figuras 28A, 28B y 28C se puede apreciar un elemento de anclaje (2) de acuerdo a un tercer modo de realización. Como se puede observar dicho elemento de anclaje (1 ) de pizarras (3) comprende: , un cuerpo (11") esencialmente en forma de "U" invertida, con estructura de lámina plegada con unas ramas laterales (12") que presentan unas muescas laterales (13") aptas para su enclavamiento en una de las bandas longitudinales laterales de los rástreles (2);An anchoring element (2) according to a third embodiment can be seen in Figures 28A, 28B and 28C. As can be seen said anchoring element (1) of slates (3) comprises: a body (11 ") essentially in the form of an inverted" U ", with folded sheet structure with lateral branches (12") that have some lateral notches (13 ") suitable for interlocking in one of the lateral longitudinal bands of the rails (2);

, una primera prolongación vertical superior (14") que parte del extremo del cuerpo (11") que se encuentra situado en el lado opuesto de las muescas (13"), continuándose dicha prolongación vertical (14") en un ala superior horizontal (15") a modo de "T", en voladizo, y orientada sobre el cuerpo (11"), comprendiendo a su vez un orificio (19") centrado en Ia superficie de dicha ala (15") que sirve como mirilla para posicionar fácilmente el elemento de anclaje (1) entre dos pizarras (3); y un segundo orificio (190") dispuesto sobre Ia parte central del cuerpo (11") que permite insertar una herramienta para facilitar el clipado del elemento de anclaje (1 ) al rastrel (2). En las figuras 29A y 29B se puede apreciar una secuencia de montaje en dos posiciones del elemento de anclaje (1), de acuerdo al tercer modo de realización anteriormente comentado, en el rastrel (2) correspondiente al segundo modo de realización. , a first upper vertical extension (14 ") that starts from the end of the body (11") that is located on the opposite side of the notches (13 "), said vertical extension (14") continuing on a horizontal upper wing ( 15 ") as a" T ", cantilevered, and oriented on the body (11"), comprising in turn a hole (19 ") centered on the surface of said wing (15") that serves as a peephole to position easily the anchoring element (1) between two boards (3); and a second hole (190 ") disposed on the central part of the body (11") that allows inserting a tool to facilitate the clipping of the anchoring element (1) to the strip (2). In Figures 29A and 29B, an assembly sequence can be seen in two positions of the anchoring element (1), according to the third embodiment mentioned above, in the strip (2) corresponding to the second embodiment.

Claims

1.- System for fixing slates on roofs, as well as vertical walls, comprising a plurality of slates (3) and rails (2), without the need for staking, characterized in that it comprises at least one of the following elements: a plurality of anchoring elements (1) between boards (3); a plurality of means for joining the slates (3) in the limatesa; and a plurality of means for joining the slates (3) in the ridge; all this in such a way that said joining means and anchoring elements (1) solidify the slate pieces (3) with respect to the rails (2) fixed in the roof and / or vertical wall, as the rows of blackboards (3).

2. Fixing system according to claim 1 characterized in that the anchoring elements (1) of slates (3) comprise, at least: a body (11) essentially in inverted "U", with folded sheet structure where the lateral branches ( 12) have lateral notches (13) suitable for interlocking in the lateral longitudinal bands of the rails; a first upper vertical extension (14) at one end of said body (11), said vertical extension (14) continuing on a horizontal upper wing (15) as a "T", cantilevered, and oriented on the body (11 ) in "U", in turn comprising a hole (19) centered on the surface of said wing (15); a second lower vertical extension (16), at the opposite end to the first extension (14), where said extension (16) consists essentially of a "V" shaped tab emanating from a recess (17) in the body's soul (11) in "U"; and a longitudinal bulge (18) such that it forms a stop for the slates (3) joined by the anchoring element (1).

3. Fixing system according to claim 1 characterized in that the anchoring elements (1) of slates (3) comprise: a body (11 ') essentially in the form of an inverted "U", with a folded sheet structure with lateral branches ( 12 ') which have lateral notches (13') suitable for interlocking in one of the lateral longitudinal bands of the rails (2); a first upper vertical extension (14 ') that starts from the end of the

'body (11') which is located on the side of the notches (13 '), said vertical extension (14') continuing on a horizontal upper wing (15 ') as a "T", in cantilever, and oriented on the body (11 '), comprising in turn a hole (19') centered on the surface of said wing (15 '); and a second hole (190 ') disposed on the central part of the body (11').

4. Fixing system according to claim 1 characterized in that the anchoring elements (1) of slates (3) comprise: a body (11 ") essentially in the form of an inverted" U ", with folded sheet structure with lateral branches ( 12 ") that have lateral notches (13") suitable for interlocking in one of the lateral longitudinal bands of the rails (2); a first upper vertical extension (14 ") that starts from the end of the body (11") that it is located on the opposite side of the notches (13 "), said vertical extension (14") being continued on a horizontal upper wing (15 ") as a" T ", cantilevered, and oriented on the body (11") ), in turn comprising a hole (19 ") centered on the surface of said wing (15"); and a second hole (190 ") disposed on the central part of the body (11").

5. Fixing system according to any of the preceding claims 1-4 characterized in that the rails (2) consist of a profile with section essentially "U" comprising: a carrier carrier of a plurality of grooves (21) suitable for fixing conventional to the cover; a first branch (22) forming a first acute angle (a) with the soul and where its upper part is topped by a flange (221) oriented towards the inside of the strip (2), forming a second obtuse angle (β) with Ia first branch (22); and a second branch (23) forming a third obtuse angle (Y) with the core of the strip (2) and where in its upper part it is topped by a flange (231) oriented towards the inside of the strip (2), forming a quarter acute angle (δ) with the second branch.

6. Fixing system according to any one of the preceding claims 1-5 characterized in that the rails (2) have a profile with section essentially in "L" comprising: a carrier carrier of a plurality of grooves (21 ') suitable for fixing conventional to the cover; a first branch (22 ') forming a first acute angle (σ ¹ ) with the soul, provided with a plurality of drain holes (24') located in the junction rib with the carrier soul; an intermediate section (221 ') in vertical position attached to the upper end of the first 5 branch (22'), where its upper part is topped by a flange (222 ') oriented towards the inside of the strip (2), forming a second acute angle (/? ') with the intermediate section (221'); and a second branch (23 ') overlapped on the core of the strip (2) on the side opposite to the location of the first branch (22').

7. Fixing system according to claim 1 characterized in that the means for joining the slates (3) in the limatesa comprise, at least one claw (100), wherein said claw (100) in turn comprises: a first rear area (102) of the claw (100), substantially flat, so that it can be nailed to the slat (101) of wood of the limatesa; and a second anterior zone (103) of the claw (100), in the form of a "U" so that it can be attached to the slate (3) to be riveted; and where, in addition, in the upper part there is at least one riveting hole (104) of the board (3).

8. Fixing system according to claim 1 characterized in that the means for joining the slates (3) in the limatesa comprise, at least: '20 an angular stop (110) for fixing in the strip (2) of the cover, said stopper comprising, in turn: a first wing (111) joining the slate (3) of lime, consisting of a vertical groove centered on the body of the wing (111); and a second wing (112) joining the strip (2) of the cover;

25 i a connecting element (113) of slates (3) consisting of a sheet folded in "U" with a plurality of riveting holes (114) of the slate (3).

9. Fixing system according to claim 1 and 7 or 8, characterized in that the means for joining the slates (3) in the ridge comprise, at least: a hanging element (200), said element comprising a profile that comprises, in turn: a first zone (202) in "U" of slate hug (3), with its lower wing (202a) substantially shorter than the upper wing (202b); a second broken zone (203), which emanates from the upper wing (202b) of the first zone (202) and communicates with the third zone (204); a third area (204) substantially flat such that it avoids the lifting of the slate (3) on which it is introduced, and further comprising a location hole (205); 'a joint profile (201) comprising a first support and fixing area (206) on the cover and a second coining area (207) of the penultimate row of the cover; and a spring plate (210) comprising a first support and fixing area (211) on the deck and a second support area (212) on the board (3) of the last row.

10. System according to claims 1 and 7 or 8 characterized in that the means for joining the slates (3) in the ridge comprise, at least: a ridge plate (310) comprising a first slate stop area (311) ( 3), a second fixing zone (312) with the cover and a third zone

(313) waterproofing; where the first zone (311) is substantially shorter than the second zone (312) and in turn the second zone (312) is substantially shorter than the third zone (313); and l a pre-coronation stop (320) comprising a first stop zone (321) of slate (3) and a second zone (322) for fixing the cover.

11.- Procedure for fixing blackboards on roofs characterized in that it comprises at least one of the following stages: a first stage of fixing consecutive blackboards (3); a second stage of fixing slates (3) affected by a limatesa; and a third stage of fixing slates (3) affected by a ridge.

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the second stage of fixing slates (3) affected by a limatesa comprises, in turn, the following stages: a first stage of trimming the slates (3) affected by the file, after the introduction of the maximum number of slates (3), where, in addition, the slates (3) that only have a fixation will be drilled at the distance determined by the claw (100); a second stage of riveting the claw (100) to the board (3) through the holes made in both elements; and a third stage of nailing the claw (100) to the slat (101) of wood that defines the limatesa line; in such a way that the joining means of the slate (3) and the limatesa rest on the slat (101) of limatesa wood, being able to rotate before riveting to ensure a correct support of the slate (3) riveted on the lath (101) of wood, given that the different cuts of the boards (3) cause a different relative position with respect to the upper part of the slat (101).

13. Method according to claim 11 characterized in that the second stage of fixing slates (3) affected by a limatesa comprises in turn the following stages: a first stage of introduction of the maximum number of slates (3) whole until reaching the file ; a second cutting stage of the slates (3) affected by the file; a third stage of fixing the strip (2) to the angular stop (110); and a fourth stage of introduction of the clipped slate (3), where the wings (111) of the angular stop (110) are folded on it so that lifting is avoided; and where finally in the event that any slate (3) was not perfectly seated, a "U" junction plate (113) riveted on the two adjacent boards (3) will be used, following the lime line.

14. Method according to claim 11 characterized in that the third stage of fixing slates (3) affected by a ridge in turn comprises the following stages: a first stage of insertion of the largest possible number of rows of slates

(3) standard as long as the last track (2) does not interfere with a predetermined distance D of the ridge line, and where necessary, the heads of this last blackboard line (3) could be trimmed to verify the preset distance for system operation; a second stage of fixing the rear boards (3), where the hanging elements (200) will be inserted into the heads of this row and a joint profile (201) that will stop as such that no the hanging elements (200) decay, in addition to wedging the row of slates (3) eliminating any slack, and where this joint profile (201) joins the deck by a procedure selected from nailing, screwing and riveting; a third stage of insertion in the groove of the hanging elements (200) of a slate (3), up to the height of the previous slate (3), and where the lower slate (3) will also be cut to fit the view area of the roof; a fourth stage of placing the slates (3), displacing the hanging elements (200) to allow their placement, subsequently inserting them until the central area of the groove since each hanging element (200) will hold two slates (3) thus avoiding its fall; and where in the last row plates (210) will be placed fixed to the roof that will act as a spring, avoiding the lifting due to the wind.

15. Method according to claim 11 characterized in that the third stage of fixing slates (3) affected by a ridge in turn comprises the following stages: a first stage of insertion of the largest possible number of rows of slates

(3) standard provided that the last track (2) does not interfere with a predetermined distance "D" from the ridge line; a second step of placing a stop (320) under the strip (2) for the special boards (3) of this row; a third step of trimming the precoronation boards (3) that are standard boards (3) where the head of said board (3) has been cut at a distance "L" such that it allows its support on the stop (320) of The precoronation row, or first row of blackboards (3) after the ridge; a fourth stage of placement of the ridge plate assembly (310) - lath, and, track (2) tangent to the ridge line, where the ridge plate assembly (310)

- slat will have the function of waterproofing the cover in this area; and where, in addition to having a good support with the slates (3) of the previous row, a chock will be placed that will lift the whole assembly; and where the slates (3) to be used in this last row are special slates (3) that will have the grooves located close to the head of the slate (3); and where for a better aesthetic finish, if the part of the penultimate row is lower than normal, the slates (3) of the coronation row can be trimmed, together with the ridge plate assembly (310) - ribbon hidden to leave this distance.

16. Method according to claim 11 characterized in that the first stage of fixing consecutive slates (3) comprises, in turn, the following stages: a first stage where once the strip (2) is attached to the deck the notches are introduced ( 13, 13 ', 13 ") of the wings (12, 12', 12") of the anchoring elements (1) at the lower end of the strip (2), then by turning the claw causes the clipping of the anchoring element (1) in the upper part, to facilitate this movement a punch or handle can be used; a second stage of insertion of the board (3) grooved laterally in the upper vertical extension (14, 14 ', 14 ") at one end of said body (11, 11', 11") of the anchoring element (1) until the sausage it has in the central part; and a third stage of insertion of the anchoring element (1) in the strip (2) following the procedure of the first phase and of moving it into the groove until the sausage that has the anchoring element (1) in the central part.

17. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the second stage of fixing slates (3) affected by a limatesa comprises, in turn, the following stages: a first stage of nailing a slat (501) along the line of limatesa leaning on its narrowest side; a second stage of drawing a parallel line as a reference in the cutting of the boards (3); a third stage of introduction of the maximum number of whole boards (3) until reaching the cutting line, where the boards (3) affected by the file will be cut; a fourth stage of placing nails (502) on the reference line and halfway to the board (3) horizontally, and where these will be inserted until its head is flush with the slat (501); and where the slates (3) that have a single connection with the anchoring elements (1) are drilled, riveting with a hook

(503) the board (3) and hanging the boards (3) riveted from the nails (502); and a fifth stage of placement of the aluminum (504) of Lima to avoid the lifting of the boards (3); where for the registration of the board (3) the hook (503) will be rotated to disengage the nail (502), using the registration tool to cause this rotation.

18.- Useful for the registration of blackboards, with which the dismantling of any slate (3) of a cover installed with this recordable fixing system is allowed, said registration tool (422) characterized in that it is constituted by a laminar element arrow mode with a paracentral stop (424) on its upper face and an articulated plate at its end at a point (426) near said stop (424), defining an indicator element (427) capable of being positioned at 90 ° in one or another side, counting this one with three signaling marks (429, 430, 431) linearly distant and an extreme bending (428) to facilitate handling, further processing the laminar element a handle (425) at its rear end.