[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2010012598A2 - Lubricating composition - Google Patents

Lubricating composition Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010012598A2
WO2010012598A2 PCT/EP2009/059101 EP2009059101W WO2010012598A2 WO 2010012598 A2 WO2010012598 A2 WO 2010012598A2 EP 2009059101 W EP2009059101 W EP 2009059101W WO 2010012598 A2 WO2010012598 A2 WO 2010012598A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base oil
lubricating composition
astm
lubricating
present
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2009/059101
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2010012598A3 (en
Inventor
Stephen Pugh Evans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to JP2011520420A priority Critical patent/JP2011529513A/en
Publication of WO2010012598A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010012598A2/en
Publication of WO2010012598A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010012598A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
    • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
    • C10M2207/2865—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
    • C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricating composition for particular use as a gear oil.
  • WO 2006/094264 discloses a lubricating composition comprising at least 70 wt . % of a Fischer-Iropsch derived base oil comprising at least 6 wt . % molecules with monocyclocycloparaffinic functionality and less than 0,05 wt .% molecules with aromatic functionality and at least one PAO base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C of from 30 to 150 cSt. No information on the kinematic viscosity at 4O 0 C of the finished lubricating composition is provided.
  • WO 2008/055975 discloses a low sulphur, sulphated ash and phosphorus lubricant composition and use thereof for the reduction of piston ring deposits in a combustion engine.
  • a lubricating composition comprising amonts others two Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils is disclosed, the finished lubricating composition having a kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C of 93.25.
  • US 2007/0142250 discloses hydraulic fluids which may contain Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
  • the hydraulic fluids have a VI index of between 155 and 300 and contain a base oil having a sulphur content of less than 0.03 wt. %.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C may be in the range of 19.8 to 748 cSt (see paragraph [0029])
  • actual examples of hydraulic fluids containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil see Example 6 and Table VIII
  • US 2007/0093396 discloses a rust inhibitor and finished lubricants comprising it.
  • the finished lubricants may contain a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, although no actual examples containing a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil are provided.
  • US 2006/0113216 relates to insulating dielectric fluids comprising oil fractions derived from highly pariffinic wax.
  • a disadvantage of some known lubricating compositions is that they have a limited oxidation resistance and resistance to sludge generation in the lubricating composition, especially in case that the lubricating compositions are to be used under severe conditions such as in gears.
  • Another disadvantage of known lubricating compositions is that they have a relative high friction coefficient.
  • a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, wherein the base oil comprises a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil and wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C (according to ASTM D445) of above 150 mmVs, preferably above 180 mm 2 /s.
  • the lubricating compositions according to the present invention exhibit an improved oxidation resistance (in particular according to ASTM D2893) . Also it has been found that the lubricating compositions according to the present invention result in improved resistance to sludge formation (in particular according to a modified TOST test according to ASTM D943.
  • the lubricating compositions according to the present invention may result in improved gear wear properties (in particular according to ASTM D 4998 ⁇ , especially when no PAO is present or - when PAO is present - a low amount of additives is used, namely below 3.0 wt.% preferably below 2.5 wt.%, and more preferably below 2.0 wt.%, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
  • An even further advantage of the present invention is that it may result in improved friction reduction properties (in particular as demonstrated on an MTM ballon-disc rig ⁇ .
  • the lubricating composition according to the present invention has a kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C (according to ASTM D445) of above 150 mmVs.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C is below 1600, preferably below 1000 mm 2 /s.
  • the lubricating composition according to the present invention has a Viscosity Index (in particular according to IP226 ⁇ of less than 155, preferably less than 150, more preferably less than 145, even more preferably less than 140, most preferably less than 135.
  • the Viscosity Index of the lubricating composition according to the present invention is above 100.
  • base oil used in lubricating composition there are no particular limitations regarding the base oil used in lubricating composition according to the present invention, and various conventional mineral oils, synthetic oils as well as naturally derived esters such as vegetable oils) may be conveniently used, provided that the composition comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and provided that a kinematic viscosity at 4O 0 C (according to ASTM D445) as required according to the present invention can be obtained.
  • the base oil used in the present invention may conveniently comprise mixtures of one or more mineral oils and/or one or more synthetic oils; thus, according to the present invention, the term “base oil” may refer to a mixture containing more than one base oil.
  • base oil is meant to also include a grease base stock.
  • Mineral oils include liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oil of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic/naphthenic type which may be further refined by hydrofinishing processes and/or dewaxing.
  • Suitable base oils for use in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are Group I, Group II or Group III base oils, polyalphaolefins,
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and mixtures thereof.
  • Group I base oil By “Group I” base oil, “Group II” base oil and “Group III” “ base oil in the present invention are meant lubricating oil base oils according to the definitions of American Petroleum Institute (API) categories I, II and III. Such API categories are defined in API Publication 1509, 15th Edition, Appendix E, April 2002.
  • API American Petroleum Institute
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are known in the art.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived is meant that a base oil is, or is derived from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL (Gas-To-Liquids) base oil.
  • Suitable Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils that may be conveniently used as the base oil in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are those as for example disclosed in EP 0 776 959, EP 0 668 342, WO 97/21788, WO 00/15736, WO 00/14188, WO 00/14187, WO 00/14183, WO 00/14179, WO 00/08115, WO 99/41332, EP 1 029 029, WO 01/18156 and WO 01/57166. ⁇ " O " ⁇ "
  • Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs) , dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) , alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy raffinate. Synthetic hydrocarbon base oils sold by the
  • polyalphaolefin base oils and their manufacture are well known in the art.
  • Preferred polyalphaolefin base oils that may be used in the lubricating compositions of the present invention may be derived from C 2 to C 3 2 alpha olefins.
  • Particularly preferred feedstocks for said polyalphaolefins are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and lTMtetradecene.
  • polyalphaolefins that may be conveniently used in the lubricating compositions of the present invention have a kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C of from 3 to 300 mmVs, more preferably in the range from 4 to 100 mm 2 /s.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil as used in the present invention has a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (according to ASTM D445) of above 2 mm 2 /s, preferably above 3 mm 2 /s, more preferably above 5 mm 2 /s, even more preferably above 6 mmVs and typically below 25 mmVs.
  • the total amount of base oil incorporated in the lubricating composition of the present invention is preferably present in an amount in the range of from 60 to 99 wt. %, more preferably in an amount in the range of from 75 to 99 wt.% and most preferably in an amount in the range of from 75 to 98 wt.%, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the composition comprises at least 25 wt.%, preferably at least 30 wt.%, more preferably at least 35 wt.%, most preferably at least 40 wt. % of one more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils, based on the total weight of the composition. Typically, less than 99 wt.% of one more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils is present in the composition, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the composition comprises a non-Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, preferably a Group I mineral base oil.
  • the Group I mineral base oil is present in amount of at least 10 wt.%, preferably at least 20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition. Typically, less than 50 wt.% of the Group I mineral base oil is present, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the Group I mineral base oil (or base oil blend if more than one Group I mineral base oil is present) has a sulphur content of above 0.03 wt.% (in particular according to ASTM D 2622), preferably between 0.05 and 1.8 wt.%, more preferably between 0.1 and 1.5 wt . % .
  • the lubricating composition according comprises a viscosity increasing component.
  • This "viscosity increasing component” serves to increase the kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C (according to ASTM D445) and may be in the form of second base oil having a relative high (kinematic) viscosity, a thickener and/or a VI improver.
  • viscosity increasing component may comprise one or more chemically different components.
  • the viscosity Increasing component comprises a second base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C (according to ASTM D445) of above 180 mm 2 /s, preferably above 200 inmVs, and typically below 400 i ⁇ mVs.
  • a second base oil which may be a mixture of base oils
  • copolymers of alpha-olefins and dicarboxylic acid esters as described in US 4 931 197.
  • Commercially available copolymers of alpha-olefins and dicarboxylic acid dieesters are the Ketjenlube polymer esters available from Italmatch (and previously Akzo Nobel Chemicals) .
  • Another suitable example of a second base oil are polyisobutylenes; commercially available polyisobutylense are the Oloa products available from Chevron Oronite.
  • this second base oil (or mixture thereof) constitutes from 20 to 80 wt.%, more preferably from 30 to 40 wt.% of the total amount of base oil as present in the lubricating composition.
  • the composition contains less than 40 wt.% PAO, preferably less than 20 wt.% PAO, more preferably less than 10 wt.% PAO f even more preferably less than 5 wt.% PAO, most preferably less than 1 wt.% or even less than 0.5 wt.% PAO. Preferably no PAO is present at all.
  • the lubricating composition according to the present invention comprises a phosphorus containing compound, preferably selected from the group consisting of phosphonates, phosphates, phosphites, phosphorothionates and dithiophosphates, and combinations thereof.
  • a phosphorus containing compound preferably selected from the group consisting of phosphonates, phosphates, phosphites, phosphorothionates and dithiophosphates, and combinations thereof.
  • Examples of commercially available dithiophosphates and phosphates are "IRGALUBE 63" and IRGALUBE 349", respectively, both available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals.
  • the lubricating composition further comprises one or more other additives such as anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents and seal compatibility agents, etc.
  • additives such as anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents and seal compatibility agents, etc.
  • Anti-oxidants that may be conveniently used include phenyl-naphthylamines (such as "IRGANOX L-06" available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and diphenylamines (such as "IRGANOX L-57” available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) as e.g. disclosed in WO 2007/045629 and EP 1 058 720 Bl, phenolic anti-oxidants, etc. The teaching of WO 2007/045629 and EP 1 058 720 Bl is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Anti-wear additives that may be conveniently used include zinc dithiophosphate compounds selected from zinc dialkyl-, diaryl- and/or alkylaryl- dithiophosphates, molybdenum-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds and ashless anti-wear additives such as substituted or unsubstituted thiophosphoric acids, and salts thereof.
  • molybdenum-containing compounds may conveniently include molybdenum dithiocarbaxnates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds, for example as described in WO 98/26030, sulphides of molybdenum and molybdenum dithiophosphate.
  • the lubricating compositions according to the present invention contain no molybdenum- containing compounds.
  • Boron-containing compounds that may be conveniently used include borate esters, borated fatty amines, borated epoxides, alkali metal (or mixed alkali metal or alkaline earth metal) borates and borated overbased metal salts.
  • Compounds such as alkenyl succinic acid or ester moieties thereof, benzotriazole-based compounds and thiodiazole-based compounds may be conveniently used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention as corrosion inhibitors.
  • Compounds such as polysiloxanes, dimethyl polycyclohexane and polyacrylates may be conveniently used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention as foam inhibitors.
  • the above-mentioned additives are typically present in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 12.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably in an amount in the range of from 0.05 to 10.0 wt.%, more preferably from 1.0 to 9.0 wt.% and most preferably in the range of from 1.0 to 5.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the base oil as contained in the lubricating composition may contain or be compounded with one or more thickeners such as metallic soaps, organic substances or inorganic substances, for example, lithium soaps, lithium complex soaps, sodium terephthalate, urea/urethane compounds and clays.
  • thickeners such as metallic soaps, organic substances or inorganic substances, for example, lithium soaps, lithium complex soaps, sodium terephthalate, urea/urethane compounds and clays.
  • the lubricating compositions of the present invention may be conveniently prepared by admixing the one or more base oils and, optionally, one or more additives that are usually present in lubricating compositions, for example as herein before described, with mineral and/or synthetic base oil.
  • the present invention provides a method of improving one or more of: oxidation resistance properties, in particular according to ASTM D2893; sludge generation properties, in particular according to a modified TOST test according to ASTM D943; - gear wear properties, in particular according to ASTM D4998; and friction reduction properties, in particular as demonstrated on an MTM ball-on-disc rig; which method comprises lubricating with a lubricating composition according to the present invention.
  • the present invention is in particular focussed on improving the sludge generation properties.
  • the present invention provides the use of a lubricating composition according to the present invention in order to improve one or more of oxidation resistance, sludge generation, gear wear and friction reduction properties.
  • lubricating composition according to the present invention may also be suitably used for other uses than in a gear oil, where one ore more of the above- mentioned properties play a role.
  • the present invention provides the use of a lubricating composition according to the present invention as one or more of a compressor oil, turbine oil, circulating oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil, heat transfer oil, electrical oil, refrigeration oil, engine oil, shock absorber fluid, process oil.
  • Table 1 indicates the composition of the lubricating oil compositions that were tested; the amounts of the components are given in wt.%, based on the total weight of the fully formulated formulations.
  • All the tested lubricating compositions were formulated as (target) ISO 220 gear oil compositions, meaning that they had a target viscosity value at 40 0 C of 220 mm 2 /s (according to ASTM D445) . All tested lubricating compositions contained a combination of a mixture of base oils and an additive package, which additive package was the same in all tested compositions.
  • Example 2 The compositions of Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 additionally contained a conventional pour point depressant available from e.g. Evonik RohMax Additives
  • the additive package contained a combination of ashless sulphur- and phosporus-containing extreme pressure and anti-wear additives, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors and an anti-foam agent.
  • GTL 8 Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 8 itimVs (cSt) .
  • This GTL 8 base oil may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in WO 02/070631, the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Base oil 2 as used in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was a PAO 6 (a poly-alphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 6 mm 2 /s) base oil available from e.g. ExxonMobil Chemical (under the trade designation "Spectrasyn 6”) .
  • PAO 6 a poly-alphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 6 mm 2 /s
  • Comparative Example 2 was a PAO 40 (a poly-alphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 40 mm 2 /s) base oil available from e.g. Chemtura (under the trade designation "Synton PAO 40”) .
  • PAO 40 a poly-alphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 40 mm 2 /s) base oil available from e.g. Chemtura (under the trade designation "Synton PAO 40") .
  • Base oil 4" as used in Example 1 (as a viscosity increasing “second base oil") and Comparative Example 1 was a copolymer of alpha-olefins and unsaturated di-ester (having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 700 mm 2 /s) , available from e.g. Italmatch ⁇ under the trade designation "Ketjenlube 2700”) .
  • Base oil 5" as used in Comparative Example 2 was a tri-methylol propane ester (having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 13 mm 2 /s) , available from e.g. Croda (under the trade designation "Priolube 3999").
  • Base oil 6 as used in Example 2 was a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil (“GTL 20") having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 20 mm 2 /s.
  • GTL 20 Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil
  • ASTM D445 kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C
  • This GTL 20 base oil may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in WO 02/070631, the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Base oil 7 as used in Comparative Example 3 was a Group I base oil (having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 7.6 mm 2 /s) .
  • Base oil 8 as used in Comparative Example 3 was a Group I base oil (having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 11 mmVs) .
  • Base oil 9 as used in Example 2 and Comparative
  • Example 3 was a Group I base oil (having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 32 mmVs) .
  • Base oils 7-9 (all being Group I mineral base oils) have sulphur contents in the range 0.05 to 1.5 wt.% (according to ASTM D 2622) .
  • Base oil 10 as used in Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 was a dimerate ester (having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C (ASTM D445) of approx. 13 mm 2 /s) , available front e.g. Croda (under the trade designation "Priolube 3985”) .
  • the compositions of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were obtained by simply mixing the base oils with the additive package and pour point depressant ⁇ if present ⁇ .
  • ASTM D2893 involves passing air at a fixed flow rate through an oil composition being held at an elevated temperature, such as 121°C or 150 0 C, for 321 hours.
  • the oxidation resistance was assessed by measuring the resultant viscosity increase of the oil composition being held at said temperature. The lower the viscosity increase ⁇ as measured by ASTM D445) , the more oxidation resistant the oil composition is, an upper limit of acceptability of increase being 6%.
  • Table 2 shows measured viscosity increases.
  • Friction Coefficients Test (using an MTM ball-on-disc rig ⁇
  • friction coefficient measurements were made on a mini traction machine (MTM, model 2) , available from PCS Instruments, United Kingdom.
  • the test used a steel ball rolling and sliding on a steel disc.
  • the ball was loaded against the face of the disc and the ball and disc were driven independently to create a mixed rolling/sliding contact.
  • the frictional force between the ball and the disc was measured by a force transducer. Additional sensors measured the applied load, the lubricant temperature and (optionally) the electrical contact resistance between the specimens and the relative wear between them.
  • the slide roll ratio was defined as defined as the ratio of sliding speed (Ubaii ⁇ Udisc) to entrainment speed (U baU + ⁇ disc ) /2.
  • Example 1 The viscosity increase of the composition of Example 1 remained - contrary to those for Comparative Examples 1 and 2 - below the upper limit of 6% when tested at 150 0 C.
  • compositions of Examples 1 and 3, containing a Fisher-Tropsch derived base oil were compared to commercially available premium PAO-based gear oil compositions ⁇ Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 4 ⁇ containing no Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
  • Example 2 containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and a Group I mineral base oil
  • Comparative Example 3 ⁇ containing Group I mineral base oils but no Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil
  • Table 3 shows improved gear wear properties (thereby extending the lifetime of e.g. gears in the intended application ⁇ for Examples 2 and 3 according to the present invention when compared with Comparative Examples 3 and 4 respectively.
  • Table 3 also shows lower friction coefficients ⁇ thereby reducing the energy need to operate e.g. the gears) for Example 2 according to the present invention when compared with Comparative Example 3.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, wherein the base oil comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C (according to ASTM D445) of above 150 mm2/s, preferably above 180 mm2/s. The lubricating composition according to the present invention can be used in order to improve one or more of oxidation resistance, sludge generation, gear wear and friction reduction properties.

Description

LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
The present invention relates to a lubricating composition for particular use as a gear oil.
In practice various lubricating compositions are known . WO 2006/094264 discloses a lubricating composition comprising at least 70 wt . % of a Fischer-Iropsch derived base oil comprising at least 6 wt . % molecules with monocyclocycloparaffinic functionality and less than 0,05 wt .% molecules with aromatic functionality and at least one PAO base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C of from 30 to 150 cSt. No information on the kinematic viscosity at 4O0C of the finished lubricating composition is provided.
WO 2008/055975 discloses a low sulphur, sulphated ash and phosphorus lubricant composition and use thereof for the reduction of piston ring deposits in a combustion engine. In the Examples of WO 2008/055975 a lubricating composition comprising amonts others two Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils is disclosed, the finished lubricating composition having a kinematic viscosity at 400C of 93.25.
US 2007/0142250 discloses hydraulic fluids which may contain Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils. The hydraulic fluids have a VI index of between 155 and 300 and contain a base oil having a sulphur content of less than 0.03 wt. %. Although it is disclosed in US 2007/0142250 that the kinematic viscosity at 400C may be in the range of 19.8 to 748 cSt (see paragraph [0029]), actual examples of hydraulic fluids containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil (see Example 6 and Table VIII) show kinematic viscosities at 400C of 43.7 and 65.1 cSt . US 2007/0093396 discloses a rust inhibitor and finished lubricants comprising it. The finished lubricants may contain a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, although no actual examples containing a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil are provided.
US 2006/0113216 relates to insulating dielectric fluids comprising oil fractions derived from highly pariffinic wax.
A disadvantage of some known lubricating compositions is that they have a limited oxidation resistance and resistance to sludge generation in the lubricating composition, especially in case that the lubricating compositions are to be used under severe conditions such as in gears. Another disadvantage of known lubricating compositions is that they have a relative high friction coefficient.
It is an object of the present invention to minimize the above problem.
It is another object of the present invention to provide alternative lubricating compositions.
One or more of the above or other objects can be obtained by the present invention by providing a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, wherein the base oil comprises a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil and wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 400C (according to ASTM D445) of above 150 mmVs, preferably above 180 mm2/s.
It has surprisingly been found that the lubricating compositions according to the present invention exhibit an improved oxidation resistance (in particular according to ASTM D2893) . Also it has been found that the lubricating compositions according to the present invention result in improved resistance to sludge formation (in particular according to a modified TOST test according to ASTM D943. Another advantage of the present invention is that the lubricating compositions according to the present invention may result in improved gear wear properties (in particular according to ASTM D 4998} , especially when no PAO is present or - when PAO is present - a low amount of additives is used, namely below 3.0 wt.% preferably below 2.5 wt.%, and more preferably below 2.0 wt.%, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition. An even further advantage of the present invention is that it may result in improved friction reduction properties (in particular as demonstrated on an MTM ballon-disc rig} .
As mentioned above, the lubricating composition according to the present invention has a kinematic viscosity at 400C (according to ASTM D445) of above 150 mmVs. Typically the kinematic viscosity at 400C is below 1600, preferably below 1000 mm2/s.
Preferably, the lubricating composition according to the present invention has a Viscosity Index (in particular according to IP226} of less than 155, preferably less than 150, more preferably less than 145, even more preferably less than 140, most preferably less than 135. Typically, the Viscosity Index of the lubricating composition according to the present invention is above 100.
There are no particular limitations regarding the base oil used in lubricating composition according to the present invention, and various conventional mineral oils, synthetic oils as well as naturally derived esters such as vegetable oils) may be conveniently used, provided that the composition comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and provided that a kinematic viscosity at 4O0C (according to ASTM D445) as required according to the present invention can be obtained. The base oil used in the present invention may conveniently comprise mixtures of one or more mineral oils and/or one or more synthetic oils; thus, according to the present invention, the term "base oil" may refer to a mixture containing more than one base oil. For the purpose of this description, the term "base oil" is meant to also include a grease base stock.
Mineral oils include liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oil of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic/naphthenic type which may be further refined by hydrofinishing processes and/or dewaxing.
Suitable base oils for use in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are Group I, Group II or Group III base oils, polyalphaolefins,
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and mixtures thereof.
By "Group I" base oil, "Group II" base oil and "Group III"" base oil in the present invention are meant lubricating oil base oils according to the definitions of American Petroleum Institute (API) categories I, II and III. Such API categories are defined in API Publication 1509, 15th Edition, Appendix E, April 2002.
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are known in the art. By the term "Fischer-Tropsch derived" is meant that a base oil is, or is derived from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch process. A Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL (Gas-To-Liquids) base oil. Suitable Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils that may be conveniently used as the base oil in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are those as for example disclosed in EP 0 776 959, EP 0 668 342, WO 97/21788, WO 00/15736, WO 00/14188, WO 00/14187, WO 00/14183, WO 00/14179, WO 00/08115, WO 99/41332, EP 1 029 029, WO 01/18156 and WO 01/57166. ~" O "~"
Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs) , dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) , alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy raffinate. Synthetic hydrocarbon base oils sold by the
Shell Group under the designation "XHVI" (trade mark) may be conveniently used.
As described in US 6 180 575 and US 5 602 086, polyalphaolefin base oils and their manufacture are well known in the art. Preferred polyalphaolefin base oils that may be used in the lubricating compositions of the present invention may be derived from C2 to C32 alpha olefins. Particularly preferred feedstocks for said polyalphaolefins are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and l™tetradecene. Preferably, polyalphaolefins that may be conveniently used in the lubricating compositions of the present invention have a kinematic viscosity at 400C of from 3 to 300 mmVs, more preferably in the range from 4 to 100 mm2/s. Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil as used in the present invention has a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (according to ASTM D445) of above 2 mm2/s, preferably above 3 mm2/s, more preferably above 5 mm2/s, even more preferably above 6 mmVs and typically below 25 mmVs.
The total amount of base oil incorporated in the lubricating composition of the present invention is preferably present in an amount in the range of from 60 to 99 wt. %, more preferably in an amount in the range of from 75 to 99 wt.% and most preferably in an amount in the range of from 75 to 98 wt.%, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
It is preferred that the composition comprises at least 25 wt.%, preferably at least 30 wt.%, more preferably at least 35 wt.%, most preferably at least 40 wt. % of one more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils, based on the total weight of the composition. Typically, less than 99 wt.% of one more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils is present in the composition, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
Also it is preferred that the composition comprises a non-Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, preferably a Group I mineral base oil. Preferably, the Group I mineral base oil is present in amount of at least 10 wt.%, preferably at least 20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition. Typically, less than 50 wt.% of the Group I mineral base oil is present, based on the total weight of the composition.
Further it is preferred that the Group I mineral base oil (or base oil blend if more than one Group I mineral base oil is present) has a sulphur content of above 0.03 wt.% (in particular according to ASTM D 2622), preferably between 0.05 and 1.8 wt.%, more preferably between 0.1 and 1.5 wt . % . According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricating composition according comprises a viscosity increasing component. This "viscosity increasing component" serves to increase the kinematic viscosity at 400C (according to ASTM D445) and may be in the form of second base oil having a relative high (kinematic) viscosity, a thickener and/or a VI improver. The person skilled in the art will readily understand what second base oils, thickeners and/or VI improvers to selected dependent on the desired target viscosity, as these are well known in the art. Also the person skilled in the art will understand that the "viscosity increasing component" may comprise one or more chemically different components.
According to an especially preferred embodiment of the present invention, the viscosity Increasing component comprises a second base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 400C (according to ASTM D445) of above 180 mm2/s, preferably above 200 inmVs, and typically below 400 iπmVs. Suitable examples of such a second base oil (which may be a mixture of base oils) are copolymers of alpha-olefins and dicarboxylic acid esters as described in US 4 931 197. Commercially available copolymers of alpha-olefins and dicarboxylic acid dieesters are the Ketjenlube polymer esters available from Italmatch (and previously Akzo Nobel Chemicals) . Another suitable example of a second base oil are polyisobutylenes; commercially available polyisobutylense are the Oloa products available from Chevron Oronite.
Preferably, this second base oil (or mixture thereof) constitutes from 20 to 80 wt.%, more preferably from 30 to 40 wt.% of the total amount of base oil as present in the lubricating composition.
Further it is preferred that the composition contains less than 40 wt.% PAO, preferably less than 20 wt.% PAO, more preferably less than 10 wt.% PAOf even more preferably less than 5 wt.% PAO, most preferably less than 1 wt.% or even less than 0.5 wt.% PAO. Preferably no PAO is present at all.
Preferably, the lubricating composition according to the present invention comprises a phosphorus containing compound, preferably selected from the group consisting of phosphonates, phosphates, phosphites, phosphorothionates and dithiophosphates, and combinations thereof. Examples of commercially available dithiophosphates and phosphates are "IRGALUBE 63" and IRGALUBE 349", respectively, both available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricating composition further comprises one or more other additives such as anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents and seal compatibility agents, etc.
As the person skilled in the art is familiar with the above and other additives, these are not further discussed here in detail.
Examples of suitable additives for a gear oil composition are given in e.g. US 2006/0122073, the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by specific reference .
Anti-oxidants that may be conveniently used include phenyl-naphthylamines (such as "IRGANOX L-06" available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and diphenylamines (such as "IRGANOX L-57" available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) as e.g. disclosed in WO 2007/045629 and EP 1 058 720 Bl, phenolic anti-oxidants, etc. The teaching of WO 2007/045629 and EP 1 058 720 Bl is hereby incorporated by reference.
Anti-wear additives that may be conveniently used include zinc dithiophosphate compounds selected from zinc dialkyl-, diaryl- and/or alkylaryl- dithiophosphates, molybdenum-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds and ashless anti-wear additives such as substituted or unsubstituted thiophosphoric acids, and salts thereof.
Examples of such molybdenum-containing compounds may conveniently include molybdenum dithiocarbaxnates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds, for example as described in WO 98/26030, sulphides of molybdenum and molybdenum dithiophosphate. Preferably, the lubricating compositions according to the present invention contain no molybdenum- containing compounds. _ Q _
Boron-containing compounds that may be conveniently used include borate esters, borated fatty amines, borated epoxides, alkali metal (or mixed alkali metal or alkaline earth metal) borates and borated overbased metal salts. Compounds such as alkenyl succinic acid or ester moieties thereof, benzotriazole-based compounds and thiodiazole-based compounds may be conveniently used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention as corrosion inhibitors. Compounds such as polysiloxanes, dimethyl polycyclohexane and polyacrylates may be conveniently used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention as foam inhibitors.
The above-mentioned additives are typically present in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 12.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably in an amount in the range of from 0.05 to 10.0 wt.%, more preferably from 1.0 to 9.0 wt.% and most preferably in the range of from 1.0 to 5.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
As the lubricating composition may also be in the form of a grease, the base oil as contained in the lubricating composition may contain or be compounded with one or more thickeners such as metallic soaps, organic substances or inorganic substances, for example, lithium soaps, lithium complex soaps, sodium terephthalate, urea/urethane compounds and clays.
The lubricating compositions of the present invention may be conveniently prepared by admixing the one or more base oils and, optionally, one or more additives that are usually present in lubricating compositions, for example as herein before described, with mineral and/or synthetic base oil.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of improving one or more of: oxidation resistance properties, in particular according to ASTM D2893; sludge generation properties, in particular according to a modified TOST test according to ASTM D943; - gear wear properties, in particular according to ASTM D4998; and friction reduction properties, in particular as demonstrated on an MTM ball-on-disc rig; which method comprises lubricating with a lubricating composition according to the present invention. The present invention is in particular focussed on improving the sludge generation properties.
Also, the present invention provides the use of a lubricating composition according to the present invention in order to improve one or more of oxidation resistance, sludge generation, gear wear and friction reduction properties.
The person skilled in the art will readily understand that the lubricating composition according to the present invention may also be suitably used for other uses than in a gear oil, where one ore more of the above- mentioned properties play a role.
In an even further aspect the present invention provides the use of a lubricating composition according to the present invention as one or more of a compressor oil, turbine oil, circulating oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil, heat transfer oil, electrical oil, refrigeration oil, engine oil, shock absorber fluid, process oil.
The present invention is described below with reference to the following Examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Examples
Lubricating Oil Compositions
Table 1 indicates the composition of the lubricating oil compositions that were tested; the amounts of the components are given in wt.%, based on the total weight of the fully formulated formulations.
All the tested lubricating compositions were formulated as (target) ISO 220 gear oil compositions, meaning that they had a target viscosity value at 400C of 220 mm2/s (according to ASTM D445) . All tested lubricating compositions contained a combination of a mixture of base oils and an additive package, which additive package was the same in all tested compositions.
The compositions of Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 additionally contained a conventional pour point depressant available from e.g. Evonik RohMax Additives
GmbH (under the trade designation "Viscoplex") .
The additive package contained a combination of ashless sulphur- and phosporus-containing extreme pressure and anti-wear additives, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors and an anti-foam agent.
"Base oil 1" as used in Example 1 was a Fischer-
Tropsch derived base oil ("GTL 8") having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 8 itimVs (cSt) . This GTL 8 base oil may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in WO 02/070631, the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
"Base oil 2" as used in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was a PAO 6 (a poly-alphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 6 mm2/s) base oil available from e.g. ExxonMobil Chemical (under the trade designation "Spectrasyn 6") .
"Base oil 3" as used in Examples 1 and 3 and
Comparative Example 2 was a PAO 40 (a poly-alphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 40 mm2/s) base oil available from e.g. Chemtura (under the trade designation "Synton PAO 40") .
"Base oil 4" as used in Example 1 (as a viscosity increasing "second base oil") and Comparative Example 1 was a copolymer of alpha-olefins and unsaturated di-ester (having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 700 mm2/s) , available from e.g. Italmatch {under the trade designation "Ketjenlube 2700") .
"Base oil 5" as used in Comparative Example 2 was a tri-methylol propane ester (having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 13 mm2/s) , available from e.g. Croda (under the trade designation "Priolube 3999").
"Base oil 6" as used in Example 2 was a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil ("GTL 20") having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 20 mm2/s. This GTL 20 base oil may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in WO 02/070631, the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
"Base oil 7" as used in Comparative Example 3 was a Group I base oil (having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 7.6 mm2/s) .
"Base oil 8" as used in Comparative Example 3 was a Group I base oil (having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 11 mmVs) . "Base oil 9" as used in Example 2 and Comparative
Example 3 was a Group I base oil (having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 32 mmVs) .
Base oils 7-9 (all being Group I mineral base oils) have sulphur contents in the range 0.05 to 1.5 wt.% (according to ASTM D 2622) .
"Base oil 10" as used in Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 was a dimerate ester (having a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (ASTM D445) of approx. 13 mm2/s) , available front e.g. Croda (under the trade designation "Priolube 3985") . The compositions of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were obtained by simply mixing the base oils with the additive package and pour point depressant {if present} .
Table 1
Figure imgf000015_0001
Oxidation Resistance Test
In order to demonstrate the oxidation resistance properties of the present invention, measurements according to the standard test ASTM D2893 were performed.
ASTM D2893 involves passing air at a fixed flow rate through an oil composition being held at an elevated temperature, such as 121°C or 1500C, for 321 hours. The oxidation resistance was assessed by measuring the resultant viscosity increase of the oil composition being held at said temperature. The lower the viscosity increase {as measured by ASTM D445) , the more oxidation resistant the oil composition is, an upper limit of acceptability of increase being 6%.
Table 2 shows measured viscosity increases. Table 2
Figure imgf000016_0001
Sludge Generation Resistance Test
In order to demonstrate the sludge generation resistance properties of the present invention, measurements of sludge generation were performed using a modified version of the TOST test according to ASTM D943. The deviations from the ASTM D943 consisted of that oxygen was used (instead of air) and that only an iron catalyst was used (instead of an iron catalyst and an copper catalyst) . Table 3 shows the quantity of sludge measured after 1000 h at 121°C. Wear Resistance Test
In order to demonstrate the wear resistance properties of the present invention, measurements of wear were performed using the so-called FZG 60 hours wear test according to ASTM D4998. Table 3 shows the measured weight losses of the gears.
Friction Coefficients Test (using an MTM ball-on-disc rig} In order to demonstrate the friction properties of the present invention, friction coefficient measurements were made on a mini traction machine (MTM, model 2) , available from PCS Instruments, United Kingdom.
The test used a steel ball rolling and sliding on a steel disc. In the standard configuration the ball was loaded against the face of the disc and the ball and disc were driven independently to create a mixed rolling/sliding contact. The frictional force between the ball and the disc was measured by a force transducer. Additional sensors measured the applied load, the lubricant temperature and (optionally) the electrical contact resistance between the specimens and the relative wear between them.
Before testing, the ball and disc were immersed in the lubricant compositions, which were heated to 700C. Subsequently, friction coefficient measurements were performed by varying the slide roll ratio under the following test conditions:
Maximum Hertzian pressure: 1.0 GPa - Lubricant temperature: 700C
Ball radius: 0.95 cm
Entrainment speed: 4 m/s.
The slide roll ratio (SRR) was defined as defined as the ratio of sliding speed (Ubaii~Udisc) to entrainment speed (UbaU+ϋdisc) /2.
The measured friction coefficients are indicated in Table 3 below. The conditions have been chosen as representative for typical lubricating conditions as found in a gear. Table 3
Figure imgf000018_0001
Discussion
As can be learned from Table 2, the oxidation resistance values for Example 1 were significantly improved {viz. lower increase in viscosity) when compared with Comparative Example 1 and 2, resulting in better oxidation resistance properties thereby extending the lifetime of the lubricating composition in the application.
The viscosity increase of the composition of Example 1 remained - contrary to those for Comparative Examples 1 and 2 - below the upper limit of 6% when tested at 1500C.
It is of note that the compositions of Examples 1 and 3, containing a Fisher-Tropsch derived base oil, were compared to commercially available premium PAO-based gear oil compositions {Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 4} containing no Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
As can be learned from Table 3, the sludge generation for Example 2 (containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and a Group I mineral base oil) was significantly lower when compared with Comparative Example 3 {containing Group I mineral base oils but no Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil) . In order to improve the sludge resistance properties, it is preferred according to the present invention to use a content of PAO that is as low as possible; preferably no PAO is used at all.
Also, Table 3 shows improved gear wear properties (thereby extending the lifetime of e.g. gears in the intended application} for Examples 2 and 3 according to the present invention when compared with Comparative Examples 3 and 4 respectively. Table 3 also shows lower friction coefficients {thereby reducing the energy need to operate e.g. the gears) for Example 2 according to the present invention when compared with Comparative Example 3.

Claims

_ I Q __L y —C L A I M S
1. A lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, wherein the base oil comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 4O0C (according to ASTM D445) of above 150 mκι2/s, preferably above 180 mmVs.
2. Lubricating composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a Viscosity Index of less than 155, preferably less than 150, more preferably less than 145, even more preferably less than 140, most preferably less than 135.
3. Lubricating composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 1000C (according to ASTM D445) of above 2 imVs, more preferably above 3 mmVs, even more preferably above 5 mmVs.
4. Lubricating composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a non-Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
5. Lubricating composition according to claim 4, wherein the non-Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil comprises a Group I mineral base oil.
6. Lubricating composition according to claim 5, wherein the Group I mineral base oil has a sulphur content of above 0.03 wt.%.
7. Lubricating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition comprises a viscosity increasing component.
8. Lubricating composition according to claim 7, wherein the viscosity increasing component comprises a second base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 400C (according to ASTM D445) of above 180 mm2/s, preferably above 200 mm2/s.
9. Lubricating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the composition contains less than 40 wt. % PAO, preferably less than 20 wt.% PAO, more preferably less than 10 wt.% PAO, even more preferably less than 5 wt.% PAO, most preferably less than 1 wt.% PAO.
10. Lubricating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the composition comprises a phosphorus containing compound, preferably selected from the group consisting of phosphonates, phosphates, phosphites, phosphorothionates and dithiophosphates, and combinations thereof.
11. Lubricating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the composition is a gear oil.
12. A method of improving one or more of: sludge generation properties, in particular according to a modified TOST test according to ASTM D943; and gear wear properties, in particular according to
ASTM D4998; which method comprises lubricating with a lubricating composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 11.
PCT/EP2009/059101 2008-07-29 2009-07-15 Lubricating composition Ceased WO2010012598A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011520420A JP2011529513A (en) 2008-07-29 2009-07-15 Lubricating composition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08161363 2008-07-29
EP08161363.0 2008-07-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010012598A2 true WO2010012598A2 (en) 2010-02-04
WO2010012598A3 WO2010012598A3 (en) 2010-04-08

Family

ID=40251548

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2009/059101 Ceased WO2010012598A2 (en) 2008-07-29 2009-07-15 Lubricating composition

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2011529513A (en)
WO (1) WO2010012598A2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105670755A (en) * 2016-02-26 2016-06-15 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 Long-life, low-temperature and energy-saving manual transmission oil
US10443016B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2019-10-15 Jxtg Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Lubricating oil composition for gear oil

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6516669B2 (en) * 2015-12-24 2019-05-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Lubricating oil composition

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7014A (en) * 1850-01-15 Folding bedstead
DE60045359D1 (en) * 1999-09-13 2011-01-27 Infineum Int Ltd A method of lubrication for two-stroke marine diesel engines
US7252753B2 (en) * 2004-12-01 2007-08-07 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Dielectric fluids and processes for making same
US20060196807A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-07 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Polyalphaolefin & Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil lubricant blends
AU2006264985A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Process to prepare a blended brightstock
US7732386B2 (en) * 2005-10-25 2010-06-08 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Rust inhibitor for highly paraffinic lubricating base oil
US20070142242A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Gleeson James W Lubricant oil compositions containing GTL base stock(s) and/or base oil(s) and having improved resistance to the loss of viscosity and weight and a method for improving the resistance to loss of viscosity and weight of GTL base stock(s) and/or base oil(s) lubricant oil formulations
US7425524B2 (en) * 2006-04-07 2008-09-16 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Gear lubricant with a base oil having a low traction coefficient
US7582591B2 (en) * 2006-04-07 2009-09-01 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Gear lubricant with low Brookfield ratio

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10443016B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2019-10-15 Jxtg Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Lubricating oil composition for gear oil
CN105670755A (en) * 2016-02-26 2016-06-15 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 Long-life, low-temperature and energy-saving manual transmission oil
CN105670755B (en) * 2016-02-26 2020-06-26 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 Manual transmission oil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2011529513A (en) 2011-12-08
WO2010012598A3 (en) 2010-04-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5221835B2 (en) Energy-conserving power transmission fluid
WO2014065984A1 (en) High viscosity index lubricating oil base stock viscosity modifier combinations, and lubricating oils derived therefrom
JP2009500489A5 (en)
JP2019532150A (en) Lubricating oil composition for electric vehicle powertrain
JP2009500489A (en) HVI-PAO in industrial lubricating oil and grease compositions
JP2019533736A (en) Method for controlling the electrical conductivity of a lubricating oil in an electric vehicle powertrain
CN101827922A (en) Hydraulic fluid compositions and preparation thereof
US9222049B2 (en) Lubricating composition
CN101827920A (en) Hydraulic oil composition and preparation thereof
JP2019537637A (en) Method for preventing or minimizing electrostatic discharge and dielectric breakdown in electric vehicle powertrain
US20070129268A1 (en) Lubricating oil composition
EP2970816A1 (en) Low traction energy conserving fluids containing base stock blends
JP5091118B2 (en) Vegetable oil lubricant containing Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil
EP3491108B1 (en) Driveline fluids comprising api group ii base oil
WO2009115502A2 (en) Lubricating composition
JP6729866B2 (en) Lubricating oil composition
WO2014135549A1 (en) Lubricating composition
WO2010012598A2 (en) Lubricating composition
US10611980B2 (en) Lubricant containing high-viscosity metallocene polyalpha-olefins
EP2395068A1 (en) Lubricating composition
JP7282097B2 (en) Grease composition exhibiting improved adhesion
MX2013005269A (en) Lubricant for percussion equipment.
US9096811B2 (en) Functional fluid composition
JP5436022B2 (en) Lubricant
JP5048959B2 (en) Antifoaming agent and lubricating oil composition

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09780664

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2011520420

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09780664

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2