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WO2010012123A1 - Procédé de gestion de structure de topologie logique de liaison montante/liaison descendante dans un réseau maillé et appareil associé - Google Patents

Procédé de gestion de structure de topologie logique de liaison montante/liaison descendante dans un réseau maillé et appareil associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010012123A1
WO2010012123A1 PCT/CN2008/001391 CN2008001391W WO2010012123A1 WO 2010012123 A1 WO2010012123 A1 WO 2010012123A1 CN 2008001391 W CN2008001391 W CN 2008001391W WO 2010012123 A1 WO2010012123 A1 WO 2010012123A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
uplink
network device
type
downlink
network
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PCT/CN2008/001391
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
童辉
金珊
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Application filed by Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd, Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Priority to CN200880130017.1A priority Critical patent/CN102067711B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2008/001391 priority patent/WO2010012123A1/fr
Publication of WO2010012123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010012123A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mesh networks, and more particularly to methods and apparatus for managing uplink and downlink logical topology structures in a mesh network. Background technique
  • OC Opportunistic Communication
  • the basic idea is that the signal is transmitted when the channel gain is high, and the signal is not transmitted when the channel gain is low.
  • the gain of the static channel is a Rayleigh random variable, but it does not change with time.
  • the gain of the time-varying channel is also a Rayleigh random variable, but with time, a lot of practice proves that when the channel condition has good time-varying , can achieve greater throughput than non-time-varying channel conditions.
  • Figure 1 shows the communication between a transmitting end and a receiving end over a period of time. The channel gain changes significantly with time.
  • the transmitting end When the channel gain exceeds a predetermined channel gain threshold, that is, corresponding to the shaded area. Within the time range, the transmitting end will try to send a signal to the receiving end, and when the channel gain falls below the threshold, the above signal transmission will be aborted, the transmitting end enters a silent state, and the data to be transmitted generated by itself is generated. Cache is performed, waiting for channel conditions to become advantageous again.
  • a predetermined channel gain threshold that is, corresponding to the shaded area.
  • a typical star network is a wireless access network composed of a mobile terminal and a base station (or Node B) as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the base station based on the estimation result of the uplink channel between each mobile terminal and the base station, the base station only selects to receive the mobile station whose uplink channel gain is higher than a predetermined threshold value in any period of time.
  • the signal sent by the terminal, in particular, the base station can allocate all the corresponding time-frequency resources to those mobile terminals with higher uplink channel gain between the base stations.
  • the mobile terminal and the base station are connected by a solid line, that is, the mobile terminal can send a signal to the base station at this time.
  • the mobile terminal and the base station are connected by a dotted line to indicate that the mobile terminal cannot send a signal to the base station at this time. Or, even if it sends a signal, it will not be accepted by the base station.
  • Opportunistic Beam Forming based on beamforming in a star network is also referred to as Opportunistic Beam Forming.
  • the mobile terminal is stationary, and thus, when it is connected to the base station
  • the scatterer eg, car, house, etc.
  • the channel gain versus time between the mobile terminal and the base station will be a horizontal straight line.
  • the slow moving is typically the speed when the person walks, and the channel between the base station and the base station will be in a slow fading state, and it is also difficult to achieve opportunistic communication for the channel condition.
  • network devices 1-7 are wireless sensors that are responsible for collecting data and transmitting it wirelessly to network devices 8, 9.
  • the functions of the network devices 8, 9 are similar to those of the wireless gateway, for receiving wireless signals from various sensors, and transmitting them to a server or the like via a wired link, so as to analyze and process the collected data.
  • a network device similar to 8, 9 in a mesh network is referred to as a hub device, and a network device similar to the sensor 1-7 that directly or indirectly communicates with the hub device is referred to as a node.
  • the network devices herein generally refer to various devices appearing in the mesh network, including but not limited to the above-mentioned nodes and hub devices.
  • each node and hub device use an omnidirectional antenna for signal transmission.
  • the nodes cannot communicate directly with the hub device.
  • a typical cause of this phenomenon is that the physical distance between these nodes and the pivot device is very far.
  • the nodes that cannot directly communicate with the hub device such as the nodes 1, 2, etc. shown in Figure 4a, are often relayed by other nodes.
  • the hub device reaches a certain When the downlink quality of each node is too far due to the distance, the data sent by the hub device to the corresponding node will also be relayed by other nodes.
  • the uplink channel quality is extremely poor, so that the channel attenuation of the uplink channel of the node 4 hub device 8 is greater than that of the node 4 ⁇ node 6 ⁇ hub.
  • Device 8 is an upstream logical connection.
  • the uplink signal sent by node 4 is forwarded by node 6.
  • the link between nodes 1 and 3 is also extremely poor, so node 1 is only connected to node 4,
  • This routing result may be determined by the following conditions:
  • routing There are certain principles for routing, such as: less hop count, lower link attenuation, etc.
  • the path of node 1 to node 1 or 2 includes the following:
  • the channel conditions between the nodes change due to the relative displacement between the nodes or other reasons.
  • the channel quality on the uplink logical connections of nodes 1 to 3 is good, and thus, the uplink network logic extension The Park structure becomes as shown on the right.
  • the principle of less hop count and lower link attenuation is considered.
  • the 1-3-6-hub device 8 with 3 hops and the total link attenuation is selected as the uplink route of node 1.
  • the OC in the existing sensor network has a disadvantage, that is, it relies too much on the natural variation of the channel, and causes the natural change of the channel, including but not limited to: movement between the transmitting end or the receiving end, and between the transmitting end and the receiving end.
  • the scatterer moves or changes.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a technical solution applied to a mesh network, which should enable the gain of the wireless channel in the mesh network to be time-varying or less time-varying. Can still use oc.
  • a method for managing uplink logical topology structure in a mesh network where the mesh network includes a plurality of first type network devices, Each of the plurality of transmit antennas of the first type of network device respectively constitutes an antenna array, and the method includes the following steps: one or more of the first type of network devices satisfying a predetermined condition change corresponding to multiple transmit antennas of the first type
  • the uplink space division encodes a parameter group, thereby changing the uplink logical topology of the mesh network.
  • a method for downlink logical topology management in a mesh network wherein the mesh network includes a plurality of first type network devices, each of the first The plurality of transmitting antennas of the type network device respectively form an antenna array, and the method comprises the following steps: one or more of the first type network devices satisfying a predetermined condition change a downlink space coding parameter corresponding to the plurality of transmitting antennas thereof Group, thereby changing the downlink logical topology of the mesh network.
  • an uplink topology management apparatus for uplink logical topology management in a first type of network device of a mesh network
  • the first type of network device is The root transmitting antennas form an antenna array
  • the uplink topology management device includes: a first determining device, configured to determine whether the predetermined condition is met; and a first executing device, configured to be different from the current uplink when the predetermined condition is met
  • the uplink space division coding parameter group of the space division coding parameter group is used as a new uplink space division coding parameter group corresponding to the plurality of transmission antennas, thereby changing an uplink logical topology structure of the mesh network; wherein, the new uplink The space division coding parameter set corresponds to an uplink logical connection of the first type of network device to one of the other network devices in its vicinity.
  • a downlink topology management apparatus for downlink logical topology management in a first type of network device of a mesh network
  • the first type of network device is The transmitting antennas constitute an antenna array
  • the downlink topology management device includes: a second determining device, configured to determine whether the predetermined condition is satisfied; And configured to, when the predetermined condition is satisfied, use a downlink spatial coding parameter group different from its current uplink spatial coding parameter group as a new downlink spatial coding parameter group corresponding to the multiple transmit antennas, thereby changing the The downlink logical topology structure of the mesh network; wherein the new downlink space division coding parameter group corresponds to a downlink logical connection of the first type network device to one of the other network devices in the vicinity thereof.
  • Figure 1 shows the communication between a transmitting end and the receiving end over a period of time
  • Figure 2 shows a wireless access network consisting of a mobile terminal and a base station (or Node B);
  • Figure 3 shows a star network implementing beam-forming opportunistic communication
  • Figures 4a-4b show a mesh sensor network implementing opportunistic communication
  • Figure 5a shows a static uplink logical topology in a mesh network
  • Figure 5b shows signal transmission in a first time slot according to the uplink logical topology shown in Figure 5a;
  • Figure 5c shows the signal transmission in the second time slot according to the uplink logical topology shown in Figure 5b;
  • 6a is a schematic diagram showing a dynamically adjustable mesh network uplink logical topology in a first time slot according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6b shows a dynamically adjustable mesh in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6c shows the signal transmission in the first time slot according to the uplink logical topology shown in Figure 6a;
  • Figure 6d shows the signal transmission in the second time slot according to the uplink logical topology shown in Figure 6b;
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a method for uplink logical topology management in a network device of a mesh network according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an uplink topology management apparatus for uplink logical topology management in a network device of a mesh network according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a downlink topology management apparatus for downlink logical topology management in a network device of a mesh network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 10a-10f show the results of simulating the invention under beamforming.
  • All nodes and hub devices are half-duplex, that is, they cannot receive signals while transmitting signals;
  • the router 2 sends a signal to the router , in the first time slot shown in FIG. 5b, the router 2 sends a signal to the router ,.
  • the router 1 needs to forward the uplink signal router 2 for the router 2, it cannot fully utilize the router and the router. 1, between 6.64bps / Hz spectral efficiency, and can only use 3.32bps / Hz.
  • the router sends a signal to the gateway 3, and the frequency efficiency on the link is 6.64 bps/Hz.
  • the total throughput in the mesh network employing the static ascending logical topology shown in Figures 5a-5c can be calculated.
  • the amount of data transmitted in the first time slot is 0. Since no data arrives at gateway 3, the data transmitted in the second time slot is 6.64 bits, therefore, the final total spectral efficiency is
  • An exemplary mesh network has different uplink logical topology structures in the first and second time slots.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the other links is 20dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the router 2 to the gateway is 14dB. This value is based on Figure 6b.
  • the router 1 performs uplink communication with the gateway 3, and the spectrum efficiency is 6.64 bps/Hz; in the second time slot, the router 2 performs the same with the gateway 3.
  • the logical topology of the mesh network often does not change by itself, which requires intervention by the present invention. It is ensured that the logical topology of the mesh network can be advantageously changed.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a method for uplink logical topology management in a network device of a mesh network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method portion of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 7 in conjunction with Figs. 6a-6d.
  • the uplink logical topology of the current time is shown in Figure 6a, wherein the current uplink logical topology includes the uplink logical connection of Router 2 to Router 1 and the uplink logical connection of Router 1 to Gateway 3.
  • the method begins in step S00, in which routers 1, 2 determine if a predetermined condition is met. It is understood by those skilled in the art that since the gateway 3 is located in the uplink vertices in the mesh network shown in FIGS. 6a-6d, in other words, there is no current uplink in the network starting from the gateway 3 and pointing to other network devices. Therefore, the gateway 3 preferably does not need to perform the various steps shown in FIG. Alternatively, by pre-configuration, the gateway 3 obtains a negative judgment result each time the judgment operation in step S00 is performed.
  • Condition a A predetermined length of time has elapsed since the router previously determined a new uplink logical connection
  • Condition b The load of the current upstream potential communication peer of the router exceeds a predetermined threshold
  • a timer can be started after each determining a new uplink logical connection, and the timer can generate an interrupt after a predetermined length of time, indicating that the condition a is satisfied, so that the cycle is repeated .
  • each network device queries its uplink potential peer device by means of signaling interaction according to the current uplink logical topology structure.
  • Load condition Those skilled in the art understand that the load condition of a network device can be characterized by a wide variety of information, typically such as the proportion of used resources in the total resources on the air interface, processor occupancy, and the like. By setting thresholds for various resources, you can determine whether condition 2 is satisfied.
  • condition 3 its implementation includes but is not limited to:
  • Each network device generates a random number that only takes a Boolean value every time period T is elapsed. For example, if the generated random number is 0, it means that condition 3 is satisfied, and conversely, if the value is 1, it means that condition 3 is not satisfied.
  • the network device needs to inform the whole network of this result. In conjunction with Figure 6a, Router 1 needs to inform Router 2 and Gateway 3 of it.
  • the determination performed by the routers 1, 2 in step S00 can also be implemented by the gateway 3.
  • the gateway 3 records the previous new determination from each router.
  • the row logically connects to the elapsed time and, after it reaches a predetermined length of time, notifies the corresponding router to determine a new upstream logical connection.
  • the routers 1, 2 will obtain their respective judgment results in step S00.
  • the result of performing step S00 at the routers 1, 2 may be various, for example, the router 1 determines that the result is yes and the router 2 determines that the result is no, or both No, either router 1 determines no and Router 2 determines yes, or both.
  • both routers 1 and 2 get a positive judgment result, and thus, a new uplink logical connection needs to be determined.
  • This new upstream logical connection meets the following conditions:
  • step S00 the method will enter one of S01, S01, S01, wherein the three subsequent steps respectively correspond to determining a new uplink.
  • variable directivity antenna such as a steerable directional antenna
  • the router 1 has a transmit antenna array
  • the router 2 has a rotatable directional antenna and a plurality of orientation fingers.
  • PT/CN2008/001391 directional antenna PT/CN2008/001391 directional antenna.
  • router 1 can determine a new uplink logical connection based on the exemplary techniques 1) or 2) above.
  • Router 2 can use the above exemplary techniques 3), 4). Introduced as follows:
  • router 1 implements step S01 using beamforming techniques.
  • a beamforming coding parameter group corresponding to the antenna array composed of multiple transmit antennas at the router 1, a beamforming coding parameter group, wherein each beamforming parameter is a complex number, and respectively Corresponding to one of the antenna arrays in the antenna array.
  • Each of the complex parameters weights the to-weighted symbols on the corresponding antennas to form a beam directed to the router 1 at this time as the upstream potential peer device, gateway 3.
  • step S01 the router 1 selects a new current uplink beamforming coding parameter set from the pre-stored plurality of uplink beamforming coding parameter sets, thereby changing the uplink logical topology structure of the mesh network shown in FIG. 6a.
  • each pre-stored set of uplink beamforming coding parameters corresponds to one of the other network devices in the vicinity of the router 1, i.e. one parameter group corresponds to the gateway 3 and the other corresponds to the router 2.
  • each uplink beamforming coding parameter group at the router 1 is saved in a predetermined order, thereby ensuring that each selected uplink beamforming coding parameter group is different, thereby ensuring new and old uplink logic.
  • the connection points to a different network device.
  • the router 1 stores the respective uplink beamforming coding parameter groups in association with the corresponding other network devices, for example, using the feature information of the gateway 3 and the router 2 respectively.
  • the corresponding uplink beamforming coding parameter set is identified.
  • the router 1 selects the pre-stored uplink beamforming coding parameter group identified by the feature information of the router 2, and applies the transmit antenna thereto.
  • Array the router 1 saves each uplink beamforming coding parameter set in association with a preset uplink logical topology information.
  • Each of the preset uplink logical topology information includes at least an uplink logical connection starting from the router 1 to one other network device, for example, corresponding to the uplink beamforming coding parameter group used by the router 1 before performing step S01.
  • the uplink logical topology information is shown as 2 ⁇ 13, which includes the uplink logical connection of the router 1 to the gateway 3, and also includes the optional uplink logical connection of the router 2 to the router 1. Then, when step S01 is performed, the router 1 selects an uplink beamforming coding parameter group corresponding to another preset uplink logical topology information 1 ⁇ 2- ⁇ 3.
  • the pre-stored plurality of uplink beamforming coding parameter sets may be obtained in the following manner.
  • the router 1 obtains relative position information between it and each of the other network devices in the vicinity, and then, based on the obtained relative position information, the router 1 respectively calculates two corresponding to the uplink logical links 1 ⁇ 3 and 1 2 Uplink beamforming coding parameter set.
  • the calculation method of beamforming coding parameter group please refer to Petre Stoica, Fellow, IEEE & Zhisong Wang, Student Member, IEEE & Jian Li, Senior Member, IEEE, IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS, VOL. , NO. 6, JUNE 2003 Robust Capon Beam Forming.
  • each node can uniformly report its location information to a hub device, and then the hub device broadcasts the location information of each node downward, or the node accesses the hub device as needed.
  • the location information of the other nodes required is obtained, and then its relative position to the corresponding other nodes is known.
  • the routers 1, 2 report their location information with respect to the gateway 3 to the gateway 3, respectively, and then the gateway 3 notifies.
  • the antenna array at the router 1 is an adaptive antenna array (Adaptive Antenna Array), which has the advantage of being in a pointing router while forming a strong main lobe pointing to the correct target such as the gateway 3.
  • the direction of 2 can form a null (Null) to minimize interference, which is especially valuable when each network device uses the same frequency band.
  • the router 1 is based on The plurality of pre-stored sets of coding parameters are used to change the uplink logical topology of the mesh network in which it is located by determining a new uplink logical connection when the aforementioned predetermined conditions are met. Then, preferably, this requires that each of the uplink beamforming coding parameter sets pre-stored at the router 1 is valid. In other words, each pre-stored set of uplink beamforming coding parameters should preferably point to one of the other network devices in the vicinity of router 1. Since the relative positions of devices such as routers and gateways are usually fixed, the above-mentioned pre-stored coding parameter sets can maintain their validity for a long period of time.
  • the pre-stored uplink beamforming coding parameter set is meaningful because, in one In a longer period of time, an uplink beamforming coding parameter set can determine an uplink logical connection starting from the first type of network device and pointing to another network device.
  • the relative motion between the first type of network device and other network devices in the vicinity thereof is a fast motion, typically, such as a mesh access network.
  • the first mobile terminal that is far away from the access device needs to rely on a second mobile terminal to transmit an uplink signal to the access device.
  • the users of the first and second mobile terminals are resting, and thus the relative motion between the two mobile terminals is static.
  • the first mobile terminal acquires a mobile terminal corresponding to the second mobile terminal.
  • the uplink beamforming coding parameter set of the uplink logical connection is saved in association with the second mobile terminal.
  • the first mobile terminal After a period of time, the first mobile terminal enters a car with the user, and the car then travels west, while the user of the second mobile terminal remains in place to rest, at which time, the person skilled in the art understands that the first move
  • the uplink beamforming coding parameter group saved in association with the second mobile terminal in the terminal has not been able to point to the second mobile terminal more accurately. Therefore, preferably, the first mobile terminal monitors itself and each other network device in the vicinity. Relative motion, and after learning that it is moving rapidly relative to the second mobile terminal, deleting the uplink beamforming coding parameter set saved in association with the second mobile terminal.
  • the channel condition between it and other surrounding network devices can usually change sufficiently small in a sufficiently short time, and therefore, the channel condition in the existing sensor network To reconstruct the logical topology to achieve opportunistic communication skills The program will apply.
  • the present invention is more suitable for situations where the relative motion therebetween is slow or stationary, as compared to the case where the first type of network device is in rapid relative motion with other network devices.
  • the router 1 performs step S01 depending on the pre-stored uplink beamforming coding parameter set.
  • the router 1 does not need to pre-store such an encoded parameter array, but is generated immediately when the predetermined condition is satisfied.
  • router 1 periodically updates its relative location information with other nearby network devices for immediate generation of the encoded parameter array.
  • the relative position information obtained by the router 1 and other network devices is composed of a distance parameter and an angle parameter, and can be implemented by a mature positioning technology such as TDOA.
  • the router 1 when it is judged that the predetermined condition is satisfied in the state shown in Fig. 6a, the router 1 generates an encoding parameter group based on the relative position between itself and the router 2, and thereafter, whenever the router 1 sends an uplink signal to the router 2, and a main lobe pointing to the router 2 is formed on the antenna array.
  • the router 1 also considers its relative positional relationship with the gateway 3, so that whenever the router 1 sends an uplink signal to the router 2 according to the uplink logical topology shown in FIG. 6b, it can not only point to the router 2 A strong main lobe is formed in the direction, and a null can be formed in the direction pointing to the gateway 3 to avoid interference.
  • step S01 using beamforming techniques is merely an example, and the spatial division multiple access coding described in the present invention is not limited to beamforming coding.
  • spatial division multiplexing coding Similar to space division multiple access coding in the case of beamforming, spatial division multiplexing coding also adds different phases and amplitudes to multiple transmit antennas to achieve the directionality of the transmitted signal. The difference is that the main purpose of general space division multiplexing is to increase the point-to-point transmission rate or reduce the bit error rate, while space division multiple access is mainly used to provide point-to-multipoint simultaneous transmission capability.
  • the calculation of the uplink beamforming coding parameter group and the uplink precoding parameter group can be implemented by using the mature coding technology in the prior art, where When the precoding technique is used, the generation process of the parameter group can be seen in ⁇ Vu & Arogyaswami Paulraj ⁇ MIMO Wireless Linear Pre-coding>, Accepted to IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Submitted Feb 2006, revised Nov 2006 and Dec 2006.
  • the router 1 can implement step S01 based on the set of uplink precoding parameters stored in association with other network devices or preset uplink logical topology information.
  • the router 1 can also generate the uplink precoding parameter set for step S01 in real time based on its relative position information with other nearby network devices.
  • step S01 using the precoding technique is merely an example, and the space division multiplexing code described in the present invention is not limited to precoding.
  • router 1 is taken as an example to describe the process of using an antenna array to change the uplink logical topology of a mesh network.
  • the case of using the directional directivity antenna or the variable directivity antenna will be described by taking the router 2 as an example.
  • the related description of the router 1 is taken as a reference hereto.
  • the directional antennas pointing in the same direction among the plurality of directional directivity antennas in this example function similarly to an antenna array after determining the spatial division coding parameters, when the router 2 is surely directed to a nearby one.
  • the network device sends an uplink signal
  • the directional directivity antenna used by the network device points to the other network device, that is, the uplink logical connection starting from the router 2 and pointing to the other network device is determined.
  • router 2 will have more The directional directivity antennas having the same pointing in the directional directivity antennas are grouped into one group, and the plurality of sets of identification information are saved.
  • the router 2 selects another directional directional antenna group (pointing to the gateway 3) different from the currently used directional directional antenna group (pointing to the router 1).
  • a new upstream logical connection pointing to gateway 3 starting with router 2 is determined.
  • each of the identification information groups held at the router 2 has a specific order, and in step S01, the router 2 selects the directional directional antenna group in this particular order.
  • each of the identification information groups stored at the router 2 has no specific order, and in step S01, the directional directivity antenna group is randomly selected, and preferably, the router 2 places it in step S01. The identification information of the other network devices pointed to by the selected directional directivity antenna group is notified to other network devices in the mesh network.
  • this preferred notification step is that after the directional directional antenna group reselected by router 2 is directed to one of the other network devices in its vicinity, if the other network device itself is unable to receive multiple signals at the same time (ie, no Supporting concurrent reception), the other type of network device that wants to point the new uplink logical connection to this other network device knows that the router 2 has first directed the new uplink logical connection to the network device, if it is The same operation results in mutual interference with the router 2, so this first type of network device preferably additionally selects one network device to determine its new uplink logical connection.
  • the situation of selecting the directional directional antenna group by pre-storing, and in step S01, the selection based on the pre-stored information is preferably applied to the relative relationship between the respective network devices.
  • the router 2 needs to monitor its relative position with other network devices in the vicinity in time, and when a predetermined condition is met, determine another network device in the vicinity thereof as The new upstream potential peer device, which in turn points in the direction closest to the new upstream potential peer device Directed directional antennas (groups) to determine new upstream logical connections.
  • the router 2 can also rely on a variable directivity antenna to achieve S01 which acts similarly to steps S01, sor.
  • a variable directivity antenna to achieve S01 which acts similarly to steps S01, sor.
  • the above description of the antenna array and the directional directivity antenna is used herein as a reference. :
  • variable directivity antenna such as the rotatable directional antenna
  • the router 2 for implementing the step SOI' can be provided with only one variable directivity antenna.
  • variable directivity antenna in this example points in a specific direction, it acts like an antenna array after determining the spatial division coding parameters, when the router 2 is surely to a nearby network.
  • the device sends an uplink signal, its variable directional antenna will point to the other network device, that is, determine the uplink logical connection starting from router 2 and pointing to the other network device.
  • router 2 maintains each of its plurality of specific orientations of variable directional antennas in association with one of the other network devices in its vicinity. Therefore, in the situation shown in FIG. 6a, the antenna is directed to the router 1, and when it is determined in step S00 that the predetermined condition is satisfied, the router 2 adjusts its antenna pointing to point to the gateway 3, thereby determining that the router 2 is Start point, a new upstream logical connection to gateway 3.
  • each pointer (shown as an angle value) held at the router 2 has a specific sequence, and in step SOI ', the router 2 selects its variable direction in this particular order.
  • the pointing of the directional antenna is a specific case of the present example.
  • each pointer stored at the router 2 has no specific order, and a pointer is randomly selected from the step sor, and preferably, the router 2 selects it in step SOI ',
  • the identification information of the other network device corresponding to the new pointer of the variable antenna group is notified to other network devices in the mesh network.
  • the purpose of this preferred notification step is that after the variable directional antenna of router 2 is angled to point to another network device in its vicinity, if this other The network device itself cannot receive multiple signals at the same time (ie, does not support concurrent reception), and other network devices of the first type that want to point the new uplink logical connection to this other network device know that the router 2 has already advanced.
  • the new uplink logical connection points to this network device, and if it does the same operation, it will cause mutual interference with the router 2. Therefore, this first type of network device preferably additionally selects a network device to determine its new Uplink logical connection.
  • the uplink logical topology changes, it is necessary to determine in the mesh network which device can transmit signals on the current uplink logical connection and which are not.
  • the network also needs to allocate resources for the transmission of the above signals, which can be supported by existing scheduling technologies such as professional fairness and new technologies that may emerge in the future, and please see David Tse & Stephen Hanly for details.
  • ⁇ Multi-Access Fading Channels Part I: Polymatroid Structure, Optimal Resource Allocation and Throughput Capacities , IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, v. 44(7), Nov., 1998.
  • the present invention is used to realize opportunistic communication, and the core idea of opportunistic communication is exactly: communication is good when the channel condition is good, and communication is not performed when the channel condition is not good. Therefore, after the logical topology changes, whether a mobile terminal should use its current uplink logical connection to send a signal to its current upstream potential peer device depends on the channel condition corresponding to the uplink logical connection, for example, A predetermined threshold is set for the channel gain, which is allowed to transmit an uplink signal when the actual channel gain reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an uplink topology management apparatus for uplink logical topology management in a network device of a mesh network according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing FIG. A block diagram of a downlink topology management apparatus for downlink logical topology management in a network device of a mesh network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the uplink topology management device will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 9. According to this part, the person skilled in the art can implement the downlink topology management device without creative labor.
  • the illustrated uplink topology management device 10 includes: a first determination device 100, a first determination device 101, a first parameter group acquisition device 102, a first storage device 103, a first location information obtaining device 104, and a first detection device 105.
  • the first determining device 101 includes a first pointing determining device 1010 and a first pointing adjusting device 101 1 .
  • the uplink logical topology of the current time is shown in Figure 6a, wherein the current uplink logical topology includes the uplink logical connection of Router 2 to Router 1 and the uplink logical connection of Router 1 to Gateway 3.
  • the first judging means 100 at the routers 1, 2 judges whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied.
  • the gateway 3 since the gateway 3 is located in the uplink vertices in the mesh network shown in Figures 6a-6d, in other words, there is no current uplink in the network starting from the gateway 3 and pointing to other network devices.
  • the gateway 3 preferably does not need to include the upstream topology management device 10.
  • the first judging device 100 at the gateway 3 obtains a negative judgment result each time the judgment operation is performed.
  • Condition a A predetermined length of time has elapsed since the router previously determined a new uplink logical connection
  • Condition b The load of the current upstream potential communication peer of the router exceeds a predetermined threshold
  • a timer can be started after each determining a new uplink logical connection, and the timer can generate an interrupt after a predetermined length of time, indicating that the condition a is satisfied, so that the cycle is repeated .
  • condition 2 it is necessary for each router to monitor the load status of its current upstream potential communication peer.
  • Figure 6a the concept of 'uplink potential communication peer is explained: According to the uplink logic topology shown in Figure 6a, if router 1 generates uplink data, then these uplink data will only be sent to the gateway. 3, however, when the first judging device 100 performs the judging operation, the router 1 is not necessarily performing uplink communication with the gateway 3.
  • the 'potential' is used to indicate that when the router 1 has the uplink data transmission task, the gateway 1 will It will become its communication peer. Otherwise, there will be only one uplink logical connection between the gateway 3 and the router 1, and there is no signal that is actually being transmitted.
  • a signal is an object for transmission generated by frequency-converting data and control information.
  • data, control information, and signals generated therefrom are collectively referred to as signals without confusion.
  • each network device queries its uplink potential peer device by means of signaling interaction according to the current uplink logical topology structure.
  • Load condition Those skilled in the art understand that the load condition of a network device can be characterized by a wide variety of information, typically such as the proportion of used resources in the total resources on the air interface, processor occupancy, and the like. By setting thresholds for various resources, you can determine whether condition 2 is satisfied.
  • condition 3 its implementation includes but is not limited to:
  • Each network device generates a random number that only takes a Boolean value every time period T is elapsed. For example, if the generated random number is 0, it means that condition 3 is satisfied, and conversely, if the value is 1, it means that condition 3 is not satisfied.
  • the network device needs to inform the whole network of this result. In conjunction with Figure 6a, Router 1 needs to inform Router 2 and Gateway 3 of it.
  • the determination performed by the first determining device 100 at the routers 1, 2 may also be implemented by the gateway 3.
  • the gateway 3 records the elapsed time from the previous determination of the new uplink logical connection by each router, and notifies the first judging device 100 on the corresponding router after it reaches a predetermined length of time, and then determines by the first Device 101 determines a new upstream logical connection.
  • the first determining devices 100 at the routers 1, 2 will each obtain their respective judgment results.
  • the judgment result obtained by the routers 1, 2 may be various, for example, the router 1 determines that the result is yes and the router 2 determines that the result is no, or both, Either router 1 determines that the result is no and router 2 determines that the result is yes, or both.
  • both routers 1 and 2 get a positive judgment result, and then the first determining means 101 is instructed to determine a new uplink logical connection. This new upstream logical connection meets the following conditions:
  • routers 1, 2 need to determine new uplink logical connections, subsequent operations at routers 1, 2 are typically based on the following techniques:
  • variable directivity antenna such as a steerable directional antenna.
  • router 1 has a transmit antenna array
  • router 2 has a rotatable directional antenna and a plurality of directional antennas.
  • router 1 can determine a new uplink logical connection based on the exemplary techniques 1) or 2) above.
  • Router 2 can use the above exemplary techniques 3), 4). Introduced as follows:
  • router 1 uses beamforming techniques to determine a new uplink logical connection.
  • a beamforming coding parameter group corresponding to the antenna array composed of multiple transmit antennas at the router 1, a beamforming coding parameter group, wherein each beamforming parameter is a complex number, and respectively Corresponding to one of the antenna arrays in the antenna array.
  • Each of the complex parameters weights the to-weighted symbols on the corresponding antennas to form a beam directed to the router 1 at the current upstream peer device, gateway 3.
  • the first determining device 101 of the router 1 selects a new current uplink beamforming coding parameter group from the plurality of uplink beamforming coding parameter groups prestored by the first storage device 103, thereby changing the mesh network shown in FIG. 6a.
  • Uplink logic topology According to the invention, each pre-stored set of uplink beamforming coding parameters corresponds to one of the other network devices in the vicinity of the router 1, i.e. one parameter group corresponds to the gateway 3 and the other corresponds to the router 2.
  • the first saving device 103 of the router 1 saves each uplink beamforming coding parameter group in a predetermined order, thereby ensuring that each selected uplink beamforming coding parameter group is different, thereby ensuring New and old uplink logical connections point to different network devices.
  • the first saving means 103 at the router 1 stores the respective uplink beamforming coding parameter sets in association with corresponding other network devices, for example, gateway 3, router respectively.
  • the feature information of 2 identifies the corresponding uplink beamforming coding parameter set.
  • the first determining device 101 since the current uplink potential peer device is the gateway 3, it selects the pre-stored uplink beamforming coding parameter group identified by the feature information of the router 2, and applies it to the router 1. Transmitting antenna array.
  • the first saving means 103 of the router 1 saves each of the uplink beamforming coding parameter sets in association with a predetermined uplink logical topology information.
  • Each preset uplink logical topology information includes at least the beginning
  • the uplink logical topology information corresponding to the uplink beamforming coding parameter group used by the router 1 is visually shown as 2 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 3, which includes the uplink logical connection of Router 1 to Gateway 3, and also includes the optional uplink logical connection of Router 2 to Router 1.
  • an uplink beamforming coding parameter set corresponding to another predetermined uplink logical topology information 1 2 ⁇ 3 is selected.
  • the pre-stored plurality of uplink beamforming coding parameter sets may be obtained in the following manner.
  • the first location information obtaining means 104 at the router 1 obtains the relative location information between the router 1 and each of the other network devices in the vicinity, and then, according to the obtained relative location information, the first parameter group acquisition at the router 1
  • the device 102 calculates two uplink beamforming coding parameter sets corresponding to the uplink logical links 1-3 and 1-2, respectively.
  • each node can uniformly report its location information to a hub device, and then the hub device broadcasts the location information of each node downward, or the node accesses the hub device as needed.
  • the location information of the other nodes required is obtained, and then its relative position to the corresponding other nodes is known.
  • the routers 1, 2 report their location information with respect to the gateway 3 to the gateway 3, respectively, and then the gateway 3 notifies.
  • the antenna array at the router 1 is an adaptive antenna array (Adaptive Antenna Array), which has the advantage of being in a pointing router while forming a strong main lobe pointing to the correct target such as the gateway 3.
  • the direction of 2 can form a null (Null) to minimize interference, which is especially valuable when each network device uses the same frequency band.
  • the first determining means 101 at the router 1 is based on the pre-stored plurality of encoding parameter sets to complete the logical topology in the aforementioned predetermined condition. Then, preferably, this requires that each of the uplink beamforming coding parameter sets pre-stored at the router 1 is valid. In other words, each pre-stored uplink beamforming The set of code parameters should preferably point to one of the other network devices in the vicinity of router 1. Since the relative positions of devices such as routers and gateways are usually fixed, the above-mentioned pre-stored coding parameter sets can maintain their validity for a long period of time.
  • the pre-stored uplink beamforming coding parameter set is meaningful because, in one In a longer period of time, an uplink beamforming coding parameter set can determine an uplink logical connection starting from the first type of network device and pointing to another network device.
  • the relative motion between the first type of network device and other network devices in the vicinity thereof is a fast motion, typically, such as a mesh access network.
  • the first mobile terminal that is far away from the access device needs to rely on a second mobile terminal to transmit an uplink signal to the access device.
  • the users of the first and second mobile terminals are resting, and thus the relative motion between the two mobile terminals is static.
  • the first mobile terminal acquires a mobile terminal corresponding to the second mobile terminal.
  • the uplink beamforming coding parameter set of the uplink logical connection is saved in association with the second mobile terminal.
  • the uplink topology management device 10 at the first mobile terminal has a first
  • the detecting device 105 is configured to monitor relative motion between the first mobile terminal and each of the other network devices in the vicinity, and after learning that the mobile device is fast moving relative to the second mobile terminal, the first deleting device 106 and the second mobile terminal The associated uplink beamforming coding parameter set is deleted.
  • the channel condition between it and other surrounding network devices can usually change sufficiently small in a sufficiently short time, and therefore, the channel condition in the existing sensor network A technical solution to reconstruct the logical topology to achieve opportunistic communication will apply.
  • the present invention is more suitable for the relative motion therebetween than the case where the first type of network device performs rapid relative motion with other network devices. Slow or static situation.
  • the first determining means 101 in the router 1 relies on the pre-stored set of uplink beamforming coding parameters to determine a new uplink logical connection.
  • the router 1 does not need to pre-store such a group of encoding parameters, but is generated by the first determining means 101 when the predetermined condition is satisfied.
  • the second location information obtaining means 107 at the router 1 periodically updates the relative location information between the router 1 and other nearby network devices in preparation for immediate generation of the encoding parameter set.
  • the relative position information between the router 1 and other network devices obtained by the second location information obtaining device at the router 1 is composed of a distance parameter and an angle parameter, and can be implemented by a mature positioning technology such as TDO A.
  • the first determining means 101 at the router 1 when it is judged that the predetermined condition is satisfied in the state shown in FIG. 6a, the first determining means 101 at the router 1 generates an encoding parameter based on the relative position between itself and the router 2. Group, thereafter, whenever router 1 sends an upstream signal to router 2, a main lobe pointing to router 2 is formed on its antenna array. Preferably, the first determining means 101 at the router 1 also considers its relative positional relationship with the gateway 3, so that whenever the router 1 transmits an uplink signal to the router 2 in accordance with the uplink logical topology shown in FIG. 6b Not only can a strong main lobe be formed in the direction pointing to the router 2, but also a zero trap can be formed in the direction pointing to the gateway 3 to avoid interference.
  • step S01 using beamforming techniques is merely an example, and the spatial division multiple access coding described in the present invention is not limited to beamforming coding.
  • space division multiplexing coding Similar to space division multiple access coding, such as beamforming, space division multiplexing coding also adds different phases and amplitudes to multiple transmit antennas to achieve the directionality of the transmitted signal. The difference is that the main purpose of general space division multiplexing is to increase the point-to-point transmission rate or reduce the bit error rate, while space division multiple access is mainly used to provide point-to-multipoint simultaneous transmission capability.
  • Router 1 is getting its relative location letter with other network devices.
  • the calculation of the uplink beamforming coding parameter group and the uplink precoding parameter group can be implemented by relying on the mature coding technology in the prior art.
  • the precoding technique is adopted, the generation process of the parameter group can be seen in detail. Vu & Arogyaswami Paulraj ⁇ MIMO Wireless Linear Pre-coding>, Accepted to IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Submitted Feb 2006, revised Nov 2006 and Dec 2006.
  • the first determining means 101 at the router 1 can determine based on the uplink precoding parameter set saved in association with other network devices or preset uplink logical topology information. New upstream logical connection.
  • the first determining device 101 at the router 1 may also generate an uplink for determining a new uplink logical connection in real time based on the relative location information between the router 1 and other nearby network devices. Precoding parameter group.
  • router 1 is taken as an example to describe the process of using an antenna array to change the uplink logical topology of a mesh network.
  • the case of using the directional directivity antenna or the variable directivity antenna will be described by taking the router 2 as an example.
  • the related description of the router 1 is taken as a reference hereto.
  • the directional antennas pointing in the same direction among the plurality of directional directivity antennas in this example function similarly to an antenna array after determining the spatial division coding parameters, when the router 2 is surely directed to a nearby one.
  • the network device sends an uplink signal
  • the directional directivity antenna used by the network device points to the other network device, that is, the uplink logical connection starting from the router 2 and pointing to the other network device is determined.
  • the router 2 groups the directional directional antennas having the same orientation among the plurality of directional directivity antennas thereon, and stores the plurality of sets of identification information, the above saving Operation may preferably be performed by the first holding device 103 to execute.
  • the first determining means 101 at the router 2 selects another directional directional antenna different from the currently used directional directional antenna group (pointing to the router 1).
  • Group (pointing to gateway 3) to determine a new upstream logical connection to gateway 3 starting with router 2.
  • each of the identification information blocks held by the first holding means 103 at the router 2 has a specific order, and the first determining means 101 selects the directional directivity antenna group in this particular order.
  • the respective identification information groups held by the first saving device 103 at the router 2 have no specific order, and the first determining device 101 randomly selects the directional directional antenna group, and preferably, the router 2 The identification information of other network devices pointed by the directional directivity antenna group selected by the first determining device 101 is notified to other network devices in the mesh network.
  • this preferred notification operation is that after the directional directional antenna group reselected by router 2 points to one of the other network devices in its vicinity, if the other network device itself cannot receive multiple signals at the same time (ie, no Supporting concurrent reception), the other type of network device that wants to point the new uplink logical connection to this other network device knows that the router 2 has first directed the new uplink logical connection to the network device, if it is The same operation results in mutual interference with the router 2, so this first type of network device preferably additionally selects one network device to determine its new uplink logical connection.
  • the situation in which the identification information of the directional directional antenna group is pre-stored and selected based on the pre-stored information is preferably applied to the relative position between the respective network devices.
  • Situation for example, network infrastructure network.
  • the router 2 needs to monitor its relative position with other network devices in the vicinity in time, and when a predetermined condition is met, determine another network device in the vicinity thereof as The new upstream potential peer device, in turn, is directed in the direction of the directional directional antenna (group) closest to the new upstream potential peer device to determine the new uplink logical connection.
  • the monitoring can be implemented by the first location information obtaining means 104 or the second location information obtaining means 107.
  • variable directivity antenna such as the rotatable directional antenna
  • the number of variable directivity antennas of the router 2 can be one for economic reasons.
  • variable directivity antenna in this example points in a specific direction, it acts like an antenna array after determining the spatial division coding parameters, when the router 2 is surely to a nearby network.
  • the device sends an uplink signal, its variable directional antenna will point to the other network device, that is, determine the uplink logical connection starting from router 2 and pointing to the other network device.
  • router 2 saves each of its plurality of specific orientations of variable directional antennas in association with one of its other network devices in the vicinity, specifically by the first save The device 103 performs the save operation.
  • the antenna is directed to the router 1, and when the first determining means 100 determines that the predetermined condition is satisfied, the first pointing determining means 1010 at the router 2 is the variable directivity antenna. Determining a new pointing, and adjusting the pointing of the antenna by the first pointing adjustment device 101 1 to point to the gateway 3, thereby determining a new uplink logical connection pointing to the gateway 3 starting from the router 2 .
  • each of the pointers (reflected as angle values) held at the router 2 has a specific order, and the first pointing determining means 1010 selects the variable directional antenna in this particular order. Pointing.
  • the respective pointers stored at the router 2 have no specific order, and the first pointing determining means 1010 randomly determines a pointing therefrom.
  • the router 2 will first determine the pointing device 1010. Notifying the mesh network of the identification information of the other network device corresponding to the new pointer of the determined variable antenna group Other network devices in the network.
  • this preferred notification step is that after the variable directional antenna of router 2 is directed to an other network device in its vicinity, if the other network device itself is unable to receive multiple signals at the same time ( That is, if the concurrent reception is not supported, the other type of network device that wants to point the new uplink logical connection to the other network device knows that the router 2 has first directed the new uplink logical connection to the network device. If the same operation is performed by itself, it will cause mutual interference with the router 2. Therefore, this first type of network device preferably additionally selects one network device to determine its new uplink logical connection.
  • the uplink logical topology changes, it is necessary to determine in the mesh network which device can transmit signals on the current uplink logical connection and which are not.
  • the network also needs to allocate resources for the transmission of the above signals, which can be supported by existing scheduling technologies such as professional fairness and new technologies that may emerge in the future, and please see David Tse & Stephen Hanly for details.
  • ⁇ Multi-Access Fading Channels Part I: Polymatroid Structure, Optimal Resource Allocation and Throughput Capacities , IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, v. 44(7), Nov., 1998.
  • the present invention is used to realize opportunistic communication, and the core idea of opportunistic communication is exactly: communication is good when the channel condition is good, and communication is not performed when the channel condition is not good. Therefore, after the logical topology changes, whether a mobile terminal should use its current uplink logical connection to send a signal to its current upstream potential peer device depends on the channel condition corresponding to the uplink logical connection, for example, A predetermined threshold is set for the channel gain, which is allowed to transmit an uplink signal when the actual channel gain reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold.
  • Figures 10a-10f show the results of simulating the invention under beamforming.
  • 10a shows the physical layer configuration of the simulation.
  • the six transmitting antennas form a regular hexagonal transmitting antenna array, and the distance between two adjacent antennas is 0.5 wavelength.
  • Figure 10b shows the direction of the beam's target direction, ie the direction of the main lobe and the direction of the interference produced in a simulation, ie the direction indicated by null.
  • Figs. 10c, 10d the simulation results in Euclidean coordinates are shown, wherein the abscissa in Fig.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de gestion de topologie logique de liaison montante/liaison descendante dans un réseau maillé et sur l'appareil correspondant pour résoudre des problèmes de l'état de la technique. Spécifiquement, chaque premier type de dispositif de réseau détermine d'abord si une condition prédéterminée est satisfaite, et lorsque la condition prédéterminée est satisfaite, sur la base du réseau d'antenne ou d'une ou plusieurs antennes directives installées sur celui-ci, il détermine une nouvelle connexion logique de liaison montante au départ du premier type de dispositif de réseau, la nouvelle connexion logique de liaison montante pointant vers un nouveau terminal opposé potentiel en liaison montante différent du terminal opposé potentiel en liaison montante courant. La technique peut permettre de continuer à utiliser la communication opportuniste (OC) lorsque le gain d'un canal sans fil dans le réseau maillé n'a pas de caractère de variation temporelle ou a un caractère de variation temporelle pire, et d'obtenir une plus grande amélioration du débit dans le réseau maillé.
PCT/CN2008/001391 2008-07-30 2008-07-30 Procédé de gestion de structure de topologie logique de liaison montante/liaison descendante dans un réseau maillé et appareil associé Ceased WO2010012123A1 (fr)

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CN200880130017.1A CN102067711B (zh) 2008-07-30 2008-07-30 网状网络中用于上、下行逻辑拓扑结构管理的方法和装置
PCT/CN2008/001391 WO2010012123A1 (fr) 2008-07-30 2008-07-30 Procédé de gestion de structure de topologie logique de liaison montante/liaison descendante dans un réseau maillé et appareil associé

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CN1479983A (zh) * 2000-11-22 2004-03-03 ���˹���Ѷ��� 特播时空格形编码的方法和装置
CN101023640A (zh) * 2004-09-29 2007-08-22 京瓷无线公司 用于实现ad hoc网状网络的方法和装置
US20070206528A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for increasing spectrum use efficiency in a mesh network
CN101176311A (zh) * 2005-05-12 2008-05-07 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 用于无线网状网络的分布式学习方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1479983A (zh) * 2000-11-22 2004-03-03 ���˹���Ѷ��� 特播时空格形编码的方法和装置
CN101023640A (zh) * 2004-09-29 2007-08-22 京瓷无线公司 用于实现ad hoc网状网络的方法和装置
CN101176311A (zh) * 2005-05-12 2008-05-07 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 用于无线网状网络的分布式学习方法
US20070206528A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for increasing spectrum use efficiency in a mesh network

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