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WO2010011320A1 - Système de bioréacteur pour la production en masse de biomasse - Google Patents

Système de bioréacteur pour la production en masse de biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010011320A1
WO2010011320A1 PCT/US2009/004269 US2009004269W WO2010011320A1 WO 2010011320 A1 WO2010011320 A1 WO 2010011320A1 US 2009004269 W US2009004269 W US 2009004269W WO 2010011320 A1 WO2010011320 A1 WO 2010011320A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arrangement
biomass
bioreactor
feedstock
growth surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/004269
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Charles Juranitch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GLOBAL ENERGIES LLC
Original Assignee
GLOBAL ENERGIES LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GLOBAL ENERGIES LLC filed Critical GLOBAL ENERGIES LLC
Publication of WO2010011320A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010011320A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
    • C12M25/02—Membranes; Filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
    • C12M31/02—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light located outside the reactor
    • C12M31/04—Mirrors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
    • C12M31/02—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light located outside the reactor
    • C12M31/06—Lenses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/06—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of illumination
    • C12M41/08—Means for changing the orientation

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to energy production systems, and more particularly, to a biomass production system (i.e., a bioreactor).
  • the bioreactor arrangement is provided with a source of feedstock.
  • a biomass growth surface supports the biomass as it is grown, and a feedstock transfer arrangement delivers the feedstock to the biomass growth surface.
  • a biomass harvesting arrangement for removing the biomass from the biomass growth surface.
  • the source of feedstock is in the form of a pool of feedstock.
  • the source of feedstock includes, in some embodiments, a pan of feedstock.
  • the biomass growth surface is configured as an absorbent belt. In other embodiments, the biomass growth surface is a ribbed belt.
  • the feedstock contains viral material, bacteria, or sewage
  • a filter having the characteristic of a semi-permeable membrane.
  • the filter has a porosity of less than approximately 30 microns.
  • the feedstock transfer arrangement can be in the form of a pool of feedstock disposed on one side of the filter.
  • the biomass growth surface is open to the atmosphere.
  • the biomass growth surface is advantageously subjected to a CO 2 enhanced environment.
  • the biomass growth surface is, in some embodiments, subjected to a temperature controlled environment, and enhanced illumination by operation of a light enhancing arrangement.
  • the light enhancing arrangement will, in respective embodiments, include any of a light-focusing lens, a lenticular lens, or a reflective surface.
  • the reflective surface can be simply a light- colored surface, or a mirror.
  • the tracking arrangement will continuously adjust the orientation of the reflective surface to maintain enhanced illumination on the biomass growth surface.
  • the biomass growth surface is tilted at an angle responsive to the location of the sun relative thereto. Li other embodiments, however, the biomass growth surface is oriented substantially vertically.
  • Harvesting of the biomass is, in some embodiments of the invention, performed by a wiper system that automatically harvests the biomass. Harvesting is performed, in accordance with respective embodiments of the invention, in continuous or batch modes.
  • An escapement arrangement facilitates removal of the harvested biomass.
  • the structure associated with the bioreactor for supporting same is formed of a material that can be sterilized. In some embodiments, the material is stainless steel.
  • the feedstock transfer arrangement delivers the feedstock to the biomass. In one embodiment of the invention, the feedstock transfer arrangement is a drip system. In other embodiments, the feedstock transfer arrangement is a spray system.
  • This system of the present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and achieves higher biomass production and greater harvested mass, in a cost effective, and energy efficient system.
  • Some illustrative advantages of the present invention include:
  • bioreactor density is very high.
  • the effective growth area over conventional pond style environments or footprints is increased by over 700% depending on the style of bioreactor chosen, and its location or orientation on the earth, versus the light requirements of the strain of biomass being produced.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic front view representation of a pan style bioreactor with mirrored light collector system (Style "A");
  • Fig. 2 is simplified schematic top view representation of a pan style bioreactor with mirrored light collector system (Style "A”);
  • Fig. 3 is a simplified schematic representation of a ribbed belt, and large scale permeable media belt, bioreactor side view showing an inclined angle of incidence to the light source (Style "B”);
  • Fig.4 is a simplified schematic side view representation of a ribbed belt, and large scale permeable media belt, bioreactor in a vertical design (Style "B”);
  • Fig. 5 is a simplified schematic front view representation of a ribbed belt, or large scale permeable media belt, bioreactor spray or drip bar system (Style "B");
  • Fig. 6 is a simplified schematic representation of a small scale (Micron level) semi-permeable membrane bioreactor with a conveyor belt (Style "C");
  • Fig. 7 is a simplified schematic representation of a small scale (Micron level) semi-permeable bioreactor without a conveyor belt (Style "C”);
  • Fig. 8 is a simplified schematic representation of a turntable system that is useful for all bioreactors herein described;
  • Fig. 9 is a simplified schematic representation of a collection system for all biomass product. Detailed Description
  • Each such system or style has respective features that render it desirable for different families of biomass production, and for the nutrient feedstock being used.
  • the light concentration and/or turntable system, and the harvest or collection systems for the end product is the same for each of the biomass reactors styles.
  • the most typical light source is the sun, but artificial light can be used to supplement biomass production.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic front view representation of a pan style bioreactor 9.
  • pan style bioreactor 9 is approximately 14 feet tall and 5.5 feet wide, exclusive of curved mirrors 1 and 2.
  • the production biomass pans are designated as biomass pans 3 in the figure.
  • Biomass strain and feed stock are introduced into biomass pans 3 through pipe system 25 which is controlled by valve 26.
  • the system can, in certain embodiments of the invention, be configured as a constant pressure metered orifice central system. Alternatively, the system can, in other embodiments, be formed using individual control valves, as persons skilled in the art will recognize.
  • a simple cylinder and seal system 5 seals the end of biomass pans 3, the production pan.
  • the figure illustrates an air, or electric, cylinder (not specifically designated) actuating the seal (not specifically designated).
  • any actuation system can be used in the practice of the invention.
  • Individual actuators are used, as shown in the drawing. Alternatively, a central actuator (not shown) can be used.
  • An actuator 4 powers a wiper that facilitates the harvesting of the biomass (not shown).
  • the actuator can be a rodless cylinder, electric ball screw, or any other type of actuator known to persons skilled in the art.
  • the pans have individually associated actuators. In other embodiments, however, a central actuator (not shown) powers all wipers synchronously.
  • actuator 5 When in a harvest operation, actuator 5 will open seal 27 at the end of production biomass pan 3.
  • a wiper 26 is drawn across the production pan to allow the biomass and its feed stock to drop into a chute and an escapement 19. The escapement is powered by an actuator 20.
  • the biomass is harvested and collected between a transfer line 24 and a liquid outlet port 23. Outlet port 23 will deliver the harvested material (not shown) through a typical filtration/harvesting system (not shown).
  • a pair of curved mirrors 1 and 2 are actuated by an actuator 22 (not shown in this figure, see, Fig. 3) on at least one axis, and preferably on two axes.
  • the mirrors are mounted so as to direct the sunlight (not specifically designated) onto the growth surface.
  • the angle of incidence will typically be 45 degrees.
  • mirror 1 operates in synchrony with mirror 2.
  • the bioreactor of the present invention typically will be oriented to face a generally southern direction, as can be seen in Fig. 9.
  • Mirror 1 is programmed to focus the sun on the growth surface before noon.
  • Mirror 2 is programmed to focus the mirror on the growth surface in the afternoon.
  • sun tracking mirrors (not shown) can be employed.
  • the reactor In embodiments where the reactor is configured without mirrors it would typically be mounted on a turntable 33, as seen in Fig. 8.
  • the turntable can be driven by gear motor 34 or any rotational drive familiar to persons skilled in the art.
  • the drive is programmed to follow the path of the sun and thereby maximize the exposure of the biomass so as to maximize photosynthesis.
  • the turntable will have the harvesting escapement chute 19 installed coaxially with the rotational axis of the turntable. This present design facilitates continuous harvesting operations. In other embodiments, however, the escapement chute is placed off of the rotational axis to minimize the rotational footprint.
  • rotational drive 34 is programmed to a "home" position where chute 19 is oriented to effect a batch harvesting mode.
  • Figs. 1 and 3 show an atmospheric inlet 16. As seen in these figures, there is additionally provided in this specific illustrative embodiment of the invention a forced or natural convection outlet 17. Atmospheric inlet 16 and convection outlet 17 serve at least two purposes. First, they facilitate temperature control in response to a temperature sensor 10 and a controller 11, and they also accelerate the natural flow of carbon dioxide over the growth surface. In growth modes of artificially high carbon dioxide environments, or other growth enhancing atmospheres, atmospheric inlet 16 and convection outlet 17 are, in some embodiments, removed and a heat exchanger 6 is then controlled by temperature sensor 10 and controller 11.
  • This configuration also allows for a sealed or sterile environment, hi artificially enhanced growth environments the carbon dioxide volume is injected into the gaseous environment through a jet 8 (see, Fig. 3), or directly into the biomass growth formula through an orifice 7, as seen in Figs. 1, 6 and 7. Excessive pressure is ejected through a port 18. Closed loop control of the carbon dioxide or other growth enhancing gasses is, in some embodiments, scheduled through a sensor 12, a controller 13, and a control valve 14.
  • a sealing translucent front panel 21 is used to protect the growth surface from contamination, minimize evaporation, and enable control the environment.
  • Front panel 21 maybe a glass panel, or the design can be enhanced for augmented light collection by lenticular panels 35 (see, for example, Fig. 6).
  • bioreactor 9 is a ribbed belt, or large scale permeable media belt, bioreactor.
  • belt 36 is a "wicking" style of media such as cloth that allows nondiscriminatory growth of biomass as enhanced by the nutrients continuously pumped through inlet control valve 31 and control valve 32, or a semi-nonporous ribbed belt formed of nylon, rubber, or another flexible media.
  • sump 53 or 40 can be batch processed.
  • the nutrients or feed stock are pumped by a pump 28 and distributed through a manifold 29 to a spray bar, or drip bars 30 (see, Fig. 5).
  • the ribbed belt, and large scale permeable media 36 is, in this embodiment, oriented at an advantageous angle as seen in Fig. 3, or it maybe vertical as seen in Fig. 4.
  • the feedstock sump is, in this embodiment of the invention, constructed illustratively as sump arrangement 40 (Fig. 4) to allow the belt to be submerged in the nutrients.
  • a scraper 37 removes, or harvests, the biomass and deposits it by gravity into chute 19.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show small scale (Micron level) semi-permeable membrane bioreactors.
  • the semi-permeable membrane discriminates between nutrients and bacteria.
  • the membrane filters out all particles larger than 250 angstroms. This sequesters the bacteria and the viruses from being passed to the biomass growth area 51 versus the nutrient rich feedstock area 52.
  • a belted arrangement 48 is used to promote growth and harvest of biomass, or area 51 can be left open for biomass growth and agitated by an agitator 47.
  • inlet 7 (not shown in this figure, see Fig. 1) and expelled through check or port 18 (not shown in this figure, see Fig. 3) similar to all other embodiments of bioreactor 9 described herein.
  • Nutrient feeding is accomplished through a port 42 and returned through a port 43. It can be continuously fed or batch processed. Clean biomass production fluid is brought into area 51 by inlet 45 and the biomass is harvested through outlet 43. In the embodiment of Fig. 7, clean H 2 O enters area 51 at inlet 45, and H 2 O is harvested, or drained, at outlet 44. CO 2 enters area 51 at inlet 7.
  • Growth collector 41 is similar to scraper 37, described above, but is shown schematically in this figure with an external transfer line (not specifically designated) integrated into its design.
  • a bioreactor style "C” with a small scale (Micron level) semi-permeable membrane constitutes an embodiment of the invention that also is temperature controlled by a large scale sump system (not shown) and introduced through the nutrient flow of ports 42 and 43 in the continuous flow implementation.
  • Area 51 is, in this specific illustrative embodiment of the invention, temperature controlled through conduction of the fluid in area 52 through a membrane 46.
  • Fig. 9 shows a transfer line collection system that can be used with any of the embodiments of bioreactor 9.
  • smaller transfer lines 49 feed into a collection transfer line 50 to collect automatically all produced biomass.
  • Fig. 9 further shows a quantity of 20 bioreactors of style or family

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un agencement de bioréacteur pour la croissance d'une biomasse qui comprend une source de matière première, une surface de croissance de la biomasse et un système de transfert de la matière première qui délivre la matière première sur la surface de croissance de la biomasse. Un dispositif de récolte de la biomasse retire la biomasse de la surface de croissance. La source de matière première est sous forme d'un bassin et comprend un bac pour la matière première. La surface de croissance de la biomasse a la configuration d'une courroie absorbante ou d'une courroie striée. Une membrane semi-perméable dont la porosité est d'environ 30 microns empêche la contamination de la biomasse par les virus et les eaux usées. La surface de croissance de la biomasse est ouverte ou fermée à l'atmosphère. Lorsqu'elle est fermée, un environnement enrichi en CO2 et à température contrôlée est assuré. L'éclairage de la biomasse en croissance est renforcé par une lentille renforçant la lumière ou un miroir. Un dispositif de poursuite réoriente le miroir pour maintenir un éclairage renforcé sur la surface de croissance de la biomasse.
PCT/US2009/004269 2008-07-23 2009-07-23 Système de bioréacteur pour la production en masse de biomasse Ceased WO2010011320A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13584808P 2008-07-23 2008-07-23
US61/135,848 2008-07-23

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WO2010011320A1 true WO2010011320A1 (fr) 2010-01-28

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2964666A1 (fr) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-16 Univ Nantes Dispositif de controle de la temperature d'un photobioreacteur solaire a eclairage direct
US20140273171A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Martin Anthony Gross Revolving algal biofilm photobioreactor systems and methods
US8889400B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2014-11-18 Pond Biofuels Inc. Diluting exhaust gas being supplied to bioreactor
US8940520B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2015-01-27 Pond Biofuels Inc. Process for growing biomass by modulating inputs to reaction zone based on changes to exhaust supply
US8969067B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2015-03-03 Pond Biofuels Inc. Process for growing biomass by modulating supply of gas to reaction zone
US9534261B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2017-01-03 Pond Biofuels Inc. Recovering off-gas from photobioreactor
US10899643B2 (en) 2018-08-07 2021-01-26 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Targeted pollutant release in microorganisms
US11124751B2 (en) 2011-04-27 2021-09-21 Pond Technologies Inc. Supplying treated exhaust gases for effecting growth of phototrophic biomass
US11225424B2 (en) 2019-01-29 2022-01-18 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Microorganism based recirculating aquaculture system
US11512278B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2022-11-29 Pond Technologies Inc. Biomass production
US11612118B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2023-03-28 Pond Technologies Inc. Biomass production
US11691902B2 (en) 2019-01-22 2023-07-04 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing total dissolved solids (TDS) in wastewater by an algal biofilm treatment
US11905195B2 (en) 2018-08-07 2024-02-20 Gross-Wen Te nologies, Inc. Method of facilitating or inhibiting growth of specific microorganisms
US12091647B2 (en) 2020-03-09 2024-09-17 Kimle Aquaculture, LLC Moving bed biofilm reactor system for production of algae biomass

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US20070012041A1 (en) * 2003-01-21 2007-01-18 Goldman Arnold J Hybrid generation with alternative fuel sources
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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11512278B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2022-11-29 Pond Technologies Inc. Biomass production
US11612118B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2023-03-28 Pond Technologies Inc. Biomass production
US8969067B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2015-03-03 Pond Biofuels Inc. Process for growing biomass by modulating supply of gas to reaction zone
US8940520B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2015-01-27 Pond Biofuels Inc. Process for growing biomass by modulating inputs to reaction zone based on changes to exhaust supply
US8889400B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2014-11-18 Pond Biofuels Inc. Diluting exhaust gas being supplied to bioreactor
FR2964666A1 (fr) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-16 Univ Nantes Dispositif de controle de la temperature d'un photobioreacteur solaire a eclairage direct
JP2013537042A (ja) * 2010-09-13 2013-09-30 ユニヴェルシテ・ドゥ・ナント 直接照射太陽光バイオリアクターの温度を制御するデバイス
WO2012035027A1 (fr) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-22 Universite De Nantes Dispositif de controle de la temperature d'un photobioreacteur solaire a eclairage direct
US11124751B2 (en) 2011-04-27 2021-09-21 Pond Technologies Inc. Supplying treated exhaust gases for effecting growth of phototrophic biomass
US9534261B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2017-01-03 Pond Biofuels Inc. Recovering off-gas from photobioreactor
US11312931B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2022-04-26 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Photobioreactor belt
US10927334B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2021-02-23 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Photobioreactor systems and methods
US9932549B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-04-03 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Photobioreactor systems and methods
US20140273171A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Martin Anthony Gross Revolving algal biofilm photobioreactor systems and methods
US11339070B2 (en) 2018-08-07 2022-05-24 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Targeted pollutant release in microorganisms
US10899643B2 (en) 2018-08-07 2021-01-26 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Targeted pollutant release in microorganisms
US11618701B2 (en) 2018-08-07 2023-04-04 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Method of facilitating growth of specific microorganisms
US11905195B2 (en) 2018-08-07 2024-02-20 Gross-Wen Te nologies, Inc. Method of facilitating or inhibiting growth of specific microorganisms
US12371354B2 (en) 2018-08-07 2025-07-29 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Method of facilitating growth of specific microorganisms
US11691902B2 (en) 2019-01-22 2023-07-04 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing total dissolved solids (TDS) in wastewater by an algal biofilm treatment
US12054411B2 (en) 2019-01-22 2024-08-06 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing total dissolved solids (TDS) in wastewater by an algal biofilm treatment
US11225424B2 (en) 2019-01-29 2022-01-18 Gross-Wen Technologies, Inc. Microorganism based recirculating aquaculture system
US12091647B2 (en) 2020-03-09 2024-09-17 Kimle Aquaculture, LLC Moving bed biofilm reactor system for production of algae biomass

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