WO2010008599A1 - Improved method of applying powder coatings as an in-mold coating on composite molds or composite tools - Google Patents
Improved method of applying powder coatings as an in-mold coating on composite molds or composite tools Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010008599A1 WO2010008599A1 PCT/US2009/004171 US2009004171W WO2010008599A1 WO 2010008599 A1 WO2010008599 A1 WO 2010008599A1 US 2009004171 W US2009004171 W US 2009004171W WO 2010008599 A1 WO2010008599 A1 WO 2010008599A1
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- Prior art keywords
- mold
- coating method
- composite
- electrically conductive
- conductive
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
- B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the manufacture of molded articles from thermosetting resin compositions and more particularly to an improved method for applying powder coatings as an in-mold coating on the surface of a composite mold or composite tool.
- In-mold coating is a known coating process in which coating powders and fill matrix resins such as epoxies, polyesters, vinyl esters and prepreg versions of each of these where the resin is pre-applied to a reinforcing fabric and then cured with heat and pressure) are cured together in a closed environment under heat and pressure, or in an open mold without the use of pressure.
- In-mold powder coating is distinguished from on-mold or in-mold liquid coating in which a liquid gel coat or paint, which eventually becomes the outer surface of the molded article, is sprayed onto the surface of a mold along with a. fill resin and cured, prior to molding the part. Background of the Invention.
- the preheated article is then withdrawn from the oven and the powdered polyester coating is applied to the surfaces of the article preferably within about one minute after removal, allowing the heat from the preheated surfaces of the article to fuse the powders and form a thin layer of fused partially cured polyester resin on the article surfaces.
- the article is placed back into the infrared oven to continue the cure up to a temperature of about 350 degrees Fahrenheit.
- the above described method is useful for coating relatively small articles with surface areas only up to about 20 square feet.
- this approach is not feasible because during the time that is required to apply the powder, the article or mold will have cooled off substantially and the powdered composition will no longer stick or attach to the article surfaces.
- the surfaces of the article intended to be coated by this method are typically a polyester gel composition that has a very high degree of gloss. Once this surface has cooled below the fusing temperature of the powder, the powder will generally slide down on the glossy surfaces of the article and destroy the evenness of the coating.
- thermosetting resin selected from the group consisting of epoxy and vinylester resins or mixtures thereof
- the powder coating of well grounded metal components is easily achieved by applying the negatively charged particles to the metal component.
- the particles or powder are easily attracted to the grounded component, depositing the particles on and around the part while discharging the electrical charge to earth ground. Once the powder is deposited on the part, it is held there under friction, preventing the powder from falling off the component.
- a composite surface if made conductive within the range of from about 10 5 to about 10 9 ohms, will act substantially as a metallic part when effectively earth grounded. It has been further discovered that it is not sufficient just to have a highly- conductive layer of carbon attached to a typical non-conductive interior mold surface coat, as this coating will isolate the negative charge from grounding the layer of carbon and result in an uneven deposition of powder on the mold surface. It has been further found according to the invention, that using just a conductive interior mold surface without a support of carbon fiber connected via a conductive resin to the conductive interior mold surface, the powder will not deposit evenly on the mold. By electrically connecting the highly conductive carbon fiber to the conductive mold interior ensures a uniform grounding medium, allowing the powders to be evenly deposited on the inner surface of the mold.
- the improved coating method of the invention includes applying powder coatings to a so-called "cold" mold, that is, a mold having a molding surface that is maintained substantially at or near room temperature.
- the mold does not require any preheating to carry out the coating method of the invention.
- the mold may be made of metallic or high temperature refractory materials but preferably is constructed of composite materials and has an interior surface molding surface that is smooth or of high gloss for contact with the powders that is electrically conductive. This allows the mold to be easily- grounded to earth so as to discharge any electrical charges that may develop from electrostatically spraying the particles or powders onto the mold during the coating process. This also ensures that the powder coating particles will be evenly attracted to the molding surface of the mold in order to produce uniform coatings.
- the improved method of the invention includes applying powder coatings to a "cold" mold, that is, to a mold maintained substantially at room temperatures, and to a mold constructed of composite materials that does not require pre-heating.
- the mold is constructed with electrically conductive materials such that the mold or tool can be earthed to discharge electrical charge and ensure attraction of the charged powder coating particles to the mold or tool surface.
- These conductive materials include a composite of conductive epoxy or vinylester resins with carbon fiber fabrics, together with a conductive surface coating generally epoxy, vinylester or polyester as the molding surface of the mold.
- a principle application for composite components produced with the in mold powder coating according to the invention is for laminates that are used in aerospace, wind energy, automotive and marine industries. These laminates are made using epoxy/carbon pre-impregnated laminates that require temperatures ranging from about 140 F to 550 F degrees Farenheight to effect a full cure, together with pressures of 13 to 100 psi applied to the laminate via a vacuum bag either at one atmosphere or in an high pressure autoclave that consolidates the laminate during the curing process.
- Other composites may be laminated on to the in mold powder coating using the resin infusion process, where reinforcements are laid into the mold along with flow enhancement fabrics and vacuum bagged under atmospheric pressure and the infused with epoxy or vinylester resins. The resin then bonds to the reinforcements and the in mold coating at ambient temperatures.
- the laminate may also be formed with traditional hand laid reinforcements together with epoxy, polyester or vinylester resins and also pre-impregnated fabrics that will also bond to the in mold coating. Finally, It has long been desired to produce a molded part that combines the toughness of an epoxy or vinylester resin and the strength associated with that of carbon fiber, Kevlar,
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A method for applying powdered coatings as an in-mold coating on composite molds or tools wherein a powder coating composition containing particles of epoxy and vinylester resins or mixtures thereof along with carbon fibers and optionally fiberglass is applied to the surfaces of an electrically conductive shape imparting tool or mold, the powder coating composition being electrically connected along with the tool or mold to earth ground.
Description
IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING POWDER COATINGS AS AN IN-MOLD COATING ON COMPOSITE MOLDS OR COMPOSITE TOOLS
Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the manufacture of molded articles from thermosetting resin compositions and more particularly to an improved method for applying powder coatings as an in-mold coating on the surface of a composite mold or composite tool.
In-mold coating is a known coating process in which coating powders and fill matrix resins such as epoxies, polyesters, vinyl esters and prepreg versions of each of these where the resin is pre-applied to a reinforcing fabric and then cured with heat and pressure) are cured together in a closed environment under heat and pressure, or in an open mold without the use of pressure. In-mold powder coating is distinguished from on-mold or in-mold liquid coating in which a liquid gel coat or paint, which eventually becomes the outer surface of the molded article, is sprayed onto the surface of a mold along with a. fill resin and cured, prior to molding the part.
Background of the Invention.
The method of applying an "in mold" or "on mold" polyester, acrylic or epoxy powder coating as a replacement for liquid polyester gel coatings is a well documented and taught in US Patent No. 6,235,228 Bl, issued to E.G. Nicholl et al. on May 22, 2001 and assigned to Morton International, Inc.. In this patent, there is described a method for coating the surfaces of a molded article in an open plastic mold using a powder polyester coating composition wherein the surfaces of the article are first preheated to a temperature of between about 300 and 325 degrees Fahrenheit in an infrared oven. The preheated article is then withdrawn from the oven and the powdered polyester coating is applied to the surfaces of the article preferably within about one minute after removal, allowing the heat from the preheated surfaces of the article to fuse the powders and form a thin layer of fused partially cured polyester resin on the article surfaces. Within about two minutes thereafter, the article is placed back into the infrared oven to continue the cure up to a temperature of about 350 degrees Fahrenheit.
The above described method is useful for coating relatively small articles with surface areas only up to about 20 square feet. For coating larger articles, this approach is not feasible because during the time that is required to apply the powder, the article or mold will have cooled off substantially
and the powdered composition will no longer stick or attach to the article surfaces. The surfaces of the article intended to be coated by this method are typically a polyester gel composition that has a very high degree of gloss. Once this surface has cooled below the fusing temperature of the powder, the powder will generally slide down on the glossy surfaces of the article and destroy the evenness of the coating.
It is therefore a principle object of the invention to provide an improved in-mold coating method which does not require preheating the mold to a point that is past the melting point of the powder.
Additionally, in the case of the powder coating method described in the above mentioned Nicholl et al. patent, when the cooled surfaces of the mold are sprayed with powder, the powder passes through a "Corona" charging field as explained in the patent and picks up a negative charge. Typically, as known in the art, this problem can generally be avoided by grounding the mold in order to dissipate the electrical charge. However, in this particular case, since the is constructed mostly of polyester resins and fiberglass materials, the mold is essentially non-conductive and will not ground. Hence, the surfaces of the mold to be coated by this method will absorb the negative ions and actually store them much like a capacitor. In addition, the charged particles tend to form a glossy surface
when applied to the mold which can be slippery. When the negatively charged powder particles are then directed at the surfaces of the mold, they are actually repelled causing the particles to slip and destroy the uniformity of the coating .
It is therefore another important object of the invention to provide an improved in-mold coating method in which the coating particles or powders are not repelled by the negatively charged ions developed by the "Corona" field upon spraying the coating powders.
Also, within the composites industry, it has been desired to produce a molded part that combines the toughness of an epoxy or vinylester resin and the strength associated with that of carbon fiber, Kevlar, (define the composition and identify the owner of this trademark) S Glass (same as noted) and E Glass (same as noted), together with a polyester molded surface that provides both luster and protection against harmful Ultra Violet rays. Up to now, this has been impossible to achieve due to chemical incompatibilities causing delamination between the polyester gel coats and the epoxy resins used in the molded part. Today, only epoxy based in- mold coatings are applied prior to fabrication of molded parts within the mold. Presently there is a good number of polyester "tie coats" that tie off the open styrene sights and allow epoxy to bond. The problem with "tie coats" is they add weight, cause a second process step, add cost
and often do not work as there is a very tight bonding window of time. For these reasons there has been little acceptance of tie coats and the use of epoxy has not been favored in production parts due to the cost of post painting versus the in-mold powder coating technique.
Accordingly, it is another object of the invention to provide a molded article or laminate and process for manufacturing the same, made from an epoxy or vinylester resin based composition and having a protective outer coating composed of a polyester material that is strongly bonded thereto and which is resistant to Ultra Violet radiation.
Brief Summary of the Invention
According to the invention, there is provided a method for in-mold coating a molded article comprising the steps of
(a) providing an electrically conductive, shape imparting tool or mold;
(b) electrically connecting the tool or mold to an electrical ground;
(c) providing a powdered" coating composition comprising particles of a thermosetting resin selected from the group consisting of epoxy and vinylester resins or mixtures thereof;
(d) providing a conductive fibrous medium containing predominately carbon fibers;
(e) providing optionally a strength imparting fibrous medium containing fiberglass and other reinforcements such as carbon fiber, aramid fibers.
(f) applying said powdered coating composition onto the surface of the shape imparting mold together with said conductive fibrous medium and optionally said strength imparting fibrous medium at substantially room temperature in such manner that said conductive fibrous medium is maintained in electrical contact with said electrically conductive, shape imparting tool or mold and also with said electrical ground through said tool or mold;
(g) heating said powdered coating composition and said conductive fibrous medium to a sufficiently high temperature to cure said thermosetting resin and compressing both the powder composition and fibrous medium under a sufficiently high pressure to provide a high modulus strength, molded composite article.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
It is well known in the powder coating industry that the powder coating of well grounded metal components is easily achieved by applying the negatively charged particles to the metal component. The particles or powder are easily attracted to the grounded component, depositing the particles on and around the part while discharging the electrical charge to earth ground. Once the powder is deposited on the part, it is held there under
friction, preventing the powder from falling off the component.
According to the invention, it has been discovered that a composite surface, if made conductive within the range of from about 105 to about 109 ohms, will act substantially as a metallic part when effectively earth grounded. It has been further discovered that it is not sufficient just to have a highly- conductive layer of carbon attached to a typical non-conductive interior mold surface coat, as this coating will isolate the negative charge from grounding the layer of carbon and result in an uneven deposition of powder on the mold surface. It has been further found according to the invention, that using just a conductive interior mold surface without a support of carbon fiber connected via a conductive resin to the conductive interior mold surface, the powder will not deposit evenly on the mold. By electrically connecting the highly conductive carbon fiber to the conductive mold interior ensures a uniform grounding medium, allowing the powders to be evenly deposited on the inner surface of the mold.
The improved coating method of the invention includes applying powder coatings to a so-called "cold" mold, that is, a mold having a molding surface that is maintained substantially at or near room temperature. The mold does not require any preheating to carry out the coating method of the invention. Further, the mold may be made of metallic or high temperature
refractory materials but preferably is constructed of composite materials and has an interior surface molding surface that is smooth or of high gloss for contact with the powders that is electrically conductive. This allows the mold to be easily- grounded to earth so as to discharge any electrical charges that may develop from electrostatically spraying the particles or powders onto the mold during the coating process. This also ensures that the powder coating particles will be evenly attracted to the molding surface of the mold in order to produce uniform coatings.
The improved method of the invention includes applying powder coatings to a "cold" mold, that is, to a mold maintained substantially at room temperatures, and to a mold constructed of composite materials that does not require pre-heating. The mold is constructed with electrically conductive materials such that the mold or tool can be earthed to discharge electrical charge and ensure attraction of the charged powder coating particles to the mold or tool surface. These conductive materials include a composite of conductive epoxy or vinylester resins with carbon fiber fabrics, together with a conductive surface coating generally epoxy, vinylester or polyester as the molding surface of the mold.
A principle application for composite components produced with the in mold powder coating according to the
invention is for laminates that are used in aerospace, wind energy, automotive and marine industries. These laminates are made using epoxy/carbon pre-impregnated laminates that require temperatures ranging from about 140 F to 550 F degrees Farenheight to effect a full cure, together with pressures of 13 to 100 psi applied to the laminate via a vacuum bag either at one atmosphere or in an high pressure autoclave that consolidates the laminate during the curing process. Other composites may be laminated on to the in mold powder coating using the resin infusion process, where reinforcements are laid into the mold along with flow enhancement fabrics and vacuum bagged under atmospheric pressure and the infused with epoxy or vinylester resins. The resin then bonds to the reinforcements and the in mold coating at ambient temperatures. The laminate may also be formed with traditional hand laid reinforcements together with epoxy, polyester or vinylester resins and also pre-impregnated fabrics that will also bond to the in mold coating. Finally, It has long been desired to produce a molded part that combines the toughness of an epoxy or vinylester resin and the strength associated with that of carbon fiber, Kevlar,
S glass and E glass, together with a polyester molded surface that provides both luster and protection against harmful ultra violet rays. Up to now, this has been impossible to achieve due to chemical incompatibilities causing delamination between the
polyester gelcoats and the epoxy or vinylester resins used in the molded part. Today, only epoxy based in mold coatings and Polyester tie coats as mentioned above are applied prior to fabrication of molded parts within the mold.
Because epoxy will degrade rapidly when exposed to ultra violet sun rays, a secondary paint application can now be applied to the molded part to provide protection and provide a high luster finish. With a practical method of applying powder coatings materials as an in mold coating on composite molds or composite tools according to the invention, in has been found that the chemistry of cured polyester based powder coating films are completely compatible with epoxy and vinyl based laminates, producing tenacious bonds between the two materials preventing any possibility in delaminating. With the bonding of these materials using the above described method of the invention, it is now possible to produce strong, tough epoxy and vinyl based laminates that have a high luster exterior, molded coating of a polyester based resin that provides all the necessary protection for ultra violet rays and also good weathering properties.
Claims
1. A method for in-mold coating a molded article comprising the steps of
(a) providing an electrically conductive, shape imparting mold;
(b) electrically connecting the mold to an electrical earth ground;
(c) providing a powdered coating composition comprising particles of a thermosetting resin selected from the group consisting essentially of epoxy and polyester resins or mixtures thereof;
(d) providing a conductive fibrous medium containing predominately carbon fibers;
(e) providing optionally a strength imparting fibrous medium containing fiberglass;
(f) applying said powdered coating composition onto the surface of the shape imparting mold together with said conductive fibrous medium and optionally said strength imparting fibrous medium at substantially room temperature in such manner that said conductive fibrous medium is maintained in electrical contact with said electrically conductive, shape imparting tool or mold and also with said electrical ground through said tool or mold; (g) heating said powdered coating composition and said conductive fibrous medium to a sufficiently high temperature to cure said thermosetting resin and compressing both the powder composition and fibrous medium under a sufficiently high pressure to provide a high modulus strength, molded composite article.
2. An in-mold coating method according to claim 1, wherein said mold is made of a metallic or electrical conductive composite material.
3. An in-mold coating method according to claim 1, wherein said conductive fibrous medium are carbon fibers.
4. An in-mold coating method according to claim 3, wherein said carbon fibers are provided in the form of a carbon fiber fabric sheet.
5. An in-mold coating method according to claim 1, wherein said strength imparting fibrous material are fiberglass particles .
6. An in-mold coating method according to claim 5, wherein said fiberglass particles are provided in the form of a fiberglass sheet.
7. An in-mold coating method according to claim 1, wherein said electrically conductive shape imparting mold is composed of metal.
8. An in-mold coating method according to claim 1, wherein said electrically conductive shape imparting mold is composed of an electrically conductive, high melting point composite material.
9. An in-mold coating method according to claim 1, wherein said powdered coating composition is cured at a temperature of from about 140 - 550 F degrees Farenheight.
10. An in-mold coating method according to claim 9, wherein said powder coating composition is compressed at a pressure of between about 13 and 100 psi. during the curing process to form the finished article.
11. An in-mold coating method according to claim 10, wherein said powdered coating composition is compressed with the aid of a vacuum bag to consolidate the composition during the curing process.
12. An in-mold coating method according to claim 1, wherein an additional layer comprising a polyester based powder composition is adhered to the cured epoxy or vinylester coating to impart protection against ultra violet and a high luster finish.
13. As an article of manufacture, a combined electrically conductive tool mold having a shape imparting surface and an in-mold composite article formed on said shape imparting surface of said tool mold, said tool mold further including means for connecting said tooling mold to earth ground, said in-mold composite article having at least one surface thereof in physical contact with said shape imparting surface, at least a part of said composite body being in both physical and electrical contact with said tooling mold, said part of said composite body comprising a solid and cured thermosetting resin composition containing fibers of an electrically conductive material rendering said part electrically conductive such that at least said part of said composite body is negatively charged through said means for connecting said tooling mold to earth ground.
14. An in-mold composite article according to claim 12, wherein said fibers of electrically conductive material are carbon fibers.
15. An in-mold composite article according to claim 13, wherein said carbon fibers are provided in the form of a carbon fiber woven or non-woven fabric.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13535508P | 2008-07-17 | 2008-07-17 | |
| US13525808P | 2008-07-17 | 2008-07-17 | |
| US61/135,258 | 2008-07-17 | ||
| US61/135,355 | 2008-07-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010008599A1 true WO2010008599A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
Family
ID=41550632
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2009/004171 Ceased WO2010008599A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2009-07-16 | Improved method of applying powder coatings as an in-mold coating on composite molds or composite tools |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2010008599A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013131781A1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Mubea Carbo Tech Gmbh | Method for producing components from fibre-reinforced composite material |
| DE102016206517A1 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing a multilayer plastic component |
| DE102019123497A1 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of a fiber-reinforced plastic component |
| RU2813113C1 (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-02-06 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет" (ФГАОУ ВО КФУ) | Method for producing reinforced carbon composite based on powder binder containing solid epoxy resin and bifunctional benzoxazine (embodiments) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6235228B1 (en) * | 1999-04-08 | 2001-05-22 | Morton International, Inc. | Method for on-mold coating molded articles with a coating powder as a liquid gel coat replacement |
| US6309587B1 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-10-30 | Jeffrey L. Gniatczyk | Composite molding tools and parts and processes of forming molding tools |
| US20080036241A1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2008-02-14 | Integral Technologies, Inc. | Vehicle body, chassis, and braking systems manufactured from conductive loaded resin-based materials |
-
2009
- 2009-07-16 WO PCT/US2009/004171 patent/WO2010008599A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6235228B1 (en) * | 1999-04-08 | 2001-05-22 | Morton International, Inc. | Method for on-mold coating molded articles with a coating powder as a liquid gel coat replacement |
| US6309587B1 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-10-30 | Jeffrey L. Gniatczyk | Composite molding tools and parts and processes of forming molding tools |
| US20080036241A1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2008-02-14 | Integral Technologies, Inc. | Vehicle body, chassis, and braking systems manufactured from conductive loaded resin-based materials |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013131781A1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Mubea Carbo Tech Gmbh | Method for producing components from fibre-reinforced composite material |
| US9925727B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2018-03-27 | Mubea Carbo Tech Gmbh | Method for producing components from fiber-reinforced composite material |
| DE102016206517A1 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing a multilayer plastic component |
| DE102019123497A1 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of a fiber-reinforced plastic component |
| RU2813113C1 (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-02-06 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет" (ФГАОУ ВО КФУ) | Method for producing reinforced carbon composite based on powder binder containing solid epoxy resin and bifunctional benzoxazine (embodiments) |
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