WO2010002286A2 - Method, system and apparatus for assist of communication between persons or apparatus or persons and apparatus - Google Patents
Method, system and apparatus for assist of communication between persons or apparatus or persons and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010002286A2 WO2010002286A2 PCT/RO2009/000006 RO2009000006W WO2010002286A2 WO 2010002286 A2 WO2010002286 A2 WO 2010002286A2 RO 2009000006 W RO2009000006 W RO 2009000006W WO 2010002286 A2 WO2010002286 A2 WO 2010002286A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/40—Processing or translation of natural language
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/40—Processing or translation of natural language
- G06F40/55—Rule-based translation
Definitions
- the method is intended to facilitate communication between persons or apparatus or persons and apparatus which can't communicate directly because they don't use the same language, or don't have the same training, or don't understand the same types of messages.
- the apparatus are all kind of electronic, electromechanical assemblies.
- the method applies too in the activity of software design, like operating systems and software applications, allowing to a multidisciplinary, multicultural, multi linguistically team to cooperate and develop informatics product more secure, more stable and easier to use by users without special training.
- informatics projects to facilitate the communication man machine in the process of training of the system alternative method of programming, at hand of persons which don't have special training and may thus participate in the project more efficient without intermediate programmers.
- the method applies also in translations from a language to another.
- the method applies at the validation and the correction of some processes of pattern recognition.
- the method applies in informatics projects which need acquisition, storing and procession of knowledge.
- the method applies at the assisting learning processes.
- the solution facilitates communication between entities which can't communicate directly because each of them generate and understands messages which the partner doesn't understand.
- the entities which communicate can be persons, can be automatics or parts of automatics, and can be software applications. By facilitating the communication, entities which communicate can participate in common projects. Assisted learning can be done better by using the proposed method for communication.
- the proposed method uses for communication content expressions, which can be obtained from messages by a process of formal understanding, process configured to use knowledge from a knowledge base derived from a set of messages.
- the method refers to conventional messages, a large class of messages which includes natural languages, the formal languages, any digital file on a digital device of date processing, speech, text images, technical drawing, formulas, etc.
- the method is provided with ways to input messages from the author, his transformation in content expression, his transport at receiver, transformation in message dedicated to the receiver and for output the message to the receiver.
- the method is provided too with means of creation and development of integrated knowledge base by using the interactive formal and assisted understanding of some sets of messages where a user who can understand the messages extract from them parts, sets elements and relations for the base of knowledge.
- the method and the apparatus can be utilized at the assisting learning.
- an apparatus which facilitate the communication with other persons or machines an apparatus which at the change of technology to permit by data transfer the kipping personality interface so the user can benefit of progress without being constrained to learn a new way to communicate more, for what already know to communicate.
- the intention which sits at the base of the proposal is to accomplish for the systems of calculation a similar function with the human understanding.
- the understanding was definite like a message processing which extracts from the message the semantic content.
- the message at his turn was definite like being a combination of elements which obey the rules imposed by one ore more systems of conventions.
- the results of content extract must at his turn to can be materialized; for that I used the phrase expression content which is a message but by conventions he can be unique for the same content extract from many messages different by shapes but identically like intention. Should follow the natural questions:
- This receive services solicitations like an human assistant a message that specified what he wants, and the system chose the way in which it is resolved the solicitation without the solicitor knows what software components are activated. In this way aren't possible informatics attacks which concerns weaknesses of one certain software components.
- a better stability can be realized from a system which is am administrator of tools and which offers services assisted by a base of knowledge.
- the base of knowledge contains procedurals knowledge which offers different solutions at the same problem. That thing shall allow the solving in much ways and the comparing of the results, calculation of indexes regarding the certitude of the result based on stored confirmed results of the same or alike problems.
- a knowledge base can be continuously upgrade by adding of new knowledge like the human model of learning such as to allow the rise of services diversity assisted by the rise of the degree of competence.
- the artificial understanding can be use to help to semantic entity encoding and can use that encoding to express content.
- the system of communication described can be utilized at the simulation of communication with a teacher for learn a discipline of study. Next we try to answer at the following question "Is it new?" It is know a translate service offered by Google, but we can't say that it works follow the scheme expression Janguage_1 -(understand)->content-(generate expression)-
- Pattern Recognition is the subject of many and diverse informatics products. As much as we know these products are specialized, each of them covering better a certain category of pattern.
- CYC organization aim to create the world's first true artificial intelligence, having both common sense and the ability to reason with it. http://www.cyc.com/ From what we can see on the Internet doesn't appear to exist any project to build a understanding function similar with the one of the human in the way it is specified in that invention. The original way proposed, inspired from human training, follow to develop the understanding using knowledges rose from set of messages which to be capable to understand those messages.
- Classifying messages is a way to split knowledge base in parts and to build reduced knowledge basis, integrated in the system. We can say that the human understanding is focused a little to a variety of domains of pattern recognition and is developing motivated of what human must understand.
- the school is a way to build the same knowledge and the way to understand for more people, and has an important role in the efficiency of communication.
- a similar scholarship for the computer is expected to produce a similar function of understanding.
- the content of invention wants to respond at the question "Is it possible?"
- the fundamental ideal solution, which resolves many problems, is the development at the computers of capacity to understand, in particular the understanding of natural languages.
- the solution proposed defined Understanding like being a process of elements and relations recognition from messages among elements and relations from knowledge base.
- the human or the machine which understand does that on the base of knowledge which has and the result is determinate by this knowledge, being all about recognition processes of pattern from different collections.
- the communication and his effects can serve at the evaluation of result, at the qualification of the content extract from message.
- Messages are created with a purpose, to produce a certain effect and if we can determine the initial intention which at send to the message creation, the effect expected, if we can express that intention and effect we can say that we understand the message and we can built a expression for what we understand, a content expression.
- the method formalized the process of understanding for what is called conventional messages, message built by following sets of rules that we also call convention systems. This is a combination of elements, called expressions. Expressions, the way combines together make the message content.
- the conventional message and the formal understanding are concepts which together extend the natural language understanding at understanding in general. Different types of messages which come on different channels, fillings, sensors; they complete each other and contribute at the understanding process, the understanding check and evaluation.
- the method proposed is based on the knowledge about conventions to extract the information from message, different of the methods known based on the statistic and the processing of a huge volume of dates. To understand means to recognize entities, concepts, into a crowd in which those are represented in a way described by rules. What definition is the most adequate?
- the invention proposed use multiple definitions, among others definitions which formulate like being the semantics of one part of the message.
- the part of message as is definite in this invention represents an expression plus the information which determine the place from where comes. It is a definition which allows to an expert to appreciate which parts of message refer to the same entity.
- VAR2 System for assisting the communication between persons, apparatus, parsons and apparatus
- VAR3 The apparatus for the assisting of communication utilized with the system and the method for the assisting of communication between persons and apparatus or persons and apparatus
- VAR4 The system used for the development, of understanding ability like human understanding for computers.
- VAR7 The system used for the assisting of training into a unknown discipline by the one who is assisted
- VAR10 The system used for the development of Internet search engine based on semantic indexing.
- VAR1 the communication between persons, between different users persons and/or apparatus it is necessary that the message to be transformed, adapted for can be understood and produce effects.
- some persons who spoke different languages it is necessary at least that the message to be translate.
- remote control transform the messages.
- Computers are instructed to perform some data processing using messages that obey rules imposed by programing language and operating system. Those messages are created by programmer by transforming ideas expressed in natural language. Compilers and others component transform messages to executable.
- the user of the computer request services by messages, he transform his intentions in messages consisting in the selection of some options and the activating of some programs, using selection and confirms of the selections or other way by text messages as commands lines.
- the teacher must transform the messages of one courses in messages already known for being understood by the students.
- the author user transform an intention (CM1) into a message adequate for a receiver user (CM8, MS12), a message which in a way it can remove from the author to the receiver.
- CM1 intention
- CM8 MS12 receiver user
- the author of the message must know the receiver (CM8, MS12) and his ability of understanding and react to messages. If the variety of receiver's targets of message is big the author must leam to communicate with each category, to transform his intention into a big variety of messages suitable to each receiver.
- the object of invention is to contribute at the improvement of communication by a method of transforming of the messages in and from a standard format called content expression (MS6).
- the messages obtained called conventional messages are transformed in content expression messages by a process called formal understanding using a processing unit, part of a system.
- the content expression messages are transformed in conventional messages by a process called message generation (MS5).
- the transform processes are distributed in rational way at the sender and receiver such as the part of transformation specified to each user doesn't interest more the correspondent user and that way the communication between a big variety of users can be done easiest.
- Each user is assisted by a device dedicated capable to transform specific conventional messages from and in content expression messages.
- the system has a knowledge base (MS8) from which parts dedicated (MS3) are distributed at the users.
- the knowledge base is created and developed beginning with collections of messages analyzed by some users, called teacher users by a process called assisted formal understanding. After the analysis results the components of the message and the semantic values for each message and parts of the (ML1, ML2...ML7)sets elements and (RL1,
- the assisted formal understanding process is intended to collect necessary information as the system, using that information, to be able to transform the analyzed messages and similar messages in content expression messages and reverse.
- analyzed messages are collect knowledge necessary to the automatic analysis, entities, properties, connections, questions on which respond for being utilized of module for dialog (MS9).
- the method transforms a message (MS2) of the author user (MS11) in message content expression (MS6) message which is transmitted at the receiver user/users.
- MS2 message
- MS11 author user
- MS6 message content expression
- the message content expression is transform in dedicated message.
- the knowledge bases at users contain part of the system knowledge base (MS8).
- the distribution of the knowledge base provide the usual necessary to each user.
- the communication with the system, for each user assistant provide the extension of the messages transformation ability, understanding, dialog generation, at the totality of messages known by the system but less utilized of each user in part.
- the formal understanding like the human understanding is a large diversity of patterns recognition but distribution of knowledge reduce the processing complexity and improve the quality of result.
- the users will be able to communicate with a big variety of persons and/or apparatus thanks to the fact that author is not under the necessity of built a specific message for each kind of user because the message expression content which he assures with the help of the method can be transformed thanks to the system in messages for each user supported by the system.
- the communication between two entities, persons, apparatus, software components refers to entities, properties, actions at least partial known of the ones who communicate. They have in common knowledge and the communication do reference to this knowledge. Common knowledge can be recorded and organized; the same can be recorded and organized the messages and parts of messages ' utilized in connection with that common knowledge. Units which communicate use messages which subdue to some conventions and by that reason ware catted here, conventional messages.
- the messages, to catch up from a user to another, must have a material shape which can be transported between them. Can be an electromagnetically wave, sound, can be a piece of paper caring of message, a data media, a signal from a by a cable connection, etc.
- the conventional message can be an image, a sound, a text, any ensemble of numerical dates, actions of keys, touches, etc.
- apparatus have developed ways of communication with the human, interfaces human machine but mostly those interfaces solicit effort form human to understand how to be used.
- the proposition follows to improve the human machine communication, by using conventions and knowledge how much is possible from the regular collection obtained in the scholarship system.
- Communication between persons is conditioned of knowledge and language.
- the method propose himself to assure communication between persons by transformation of messages on the understood of communication users.
- the system consists in a knowledge base system (MS8) developed from collections of messages (ML1) for which the system is provided to assist the communication, collection of messages and elements of messages (EL1...EL7) which allows to express the same content for a diversity of users (MS1) persons, apparatus, software components, for Which the system is provided to assist the communication.
- the system is provided with ways which to allow the dates processing for create, develop, maintain and exploit the knowledge base and other program components.
- the system is provided with a method (MS4, MS5, MS ⁇ ) utilized at the transformation of messages in and by usual conventional messages by and in conventional content expression messages.
- the system components are distributed in physical unities with different functions, A centra) component for the main knowledge base which assure the integrate character of the system. Some components are users dedicated apparatus , devices for the communication assisting.
- the system contain node of communication provided to assist of user dedicated apparatus then when those need more knowledge.
- Communication node are provided also as intermediary for the communication between users. All the physical unities of the system are provided with means to communicate between them using data communication, in particular dates representing content expressions, messages changed between users.
- the apparatus for users are provided to communicate with those by specific messages to those users' dedicated conventional messages and to transform those messages in content expression messages with or without being assisted of user and/or system.
- the messages content expressions are references combinations to messages and elements, like codes, defined in the knowledge base.
- the system provide a universal way of communication for persons and apparatus, provide one interface human machine for each person, interface which allows him to communicate with any apparatus equipped with assisting device for the communication by using proposed system.
- the system provide a way for communication between persons which spokes different languages or have different levels of knowledge.
- a system provided to assure between person apparatus persons with apparatus using like way of communication a type of standard message, called content expression message, requires a device to transform messages from and in regular message from and in content expression message. This device is different for the type of user, person, apparatus, computers, adapted to the way the user is already provided to communicate.
- the apparatus for the assisting of communication consists of modules means for: Communication with dedicated user Transforming of the regular user conventional message to content expression message
- the apparatus ability can be extended over to what local knowledge base can using services done by the system destined to the apparatus in special situations when the local base of knowledge, is not sufficient for the resolving of the problem of transformation of messages.
- An apparatus dedicated to a person Is provided with means to be training to communicate how much efficient with his master by setting of new conventions between user and apparatus, conventions which allows the definitions of some short messaged for frequent communication.
- the apparatus for the communication assisting attows to some users humans, machines and apparatus to communicate in the same system.
- a person assisted by an apparatus can improve his communication by training personal apparatus to cover his needs.
- For the communication with new users the effort of the person is minim because he create the same messages for any receiver for the same content.
- a book can be a message about characters and events; translation requires the understanding of the content which implies to understand like human to understand characters motivation for what they are doing.
- the system according f ⁇ the invention is provided to allow the keeping, development and the use of subsystems of knowledge for different characters, and characters categories.
- the system is provided to process formal understanding of any character messages by using the category/character associate knowledge subsystem.
- the system used to build the universal knowledge base and universal semantic values encoding use the formal understanding and assisted formal understanding to build a knowledge base by using selected messages like books records and others.
- selected messages like books records and others.
- the chosen materials besides the fact that will have a value universal recognized they will have a stable fixed shape for assure the stability of definitions for the elements which used the address of elements in the message.
- the system according to the invention is provided with a knowledge base having knowledge about subjects of works to be translated and knowledge regarding the systems of specifics languages from and in which is made the translation. Knowledge are used to create a content expression message transformed from the text to be translated by using formal understanding. The content expression message is then transformed to conventional messages specifics to the destination languages.
- the system use known methods like scanning to transform original paper in ensemble of digital dates for the module of formal understanding and to transform the translations in format useful by the human, the like print or displayed by a screen.
- expression _message-> messageJartguage2 represents message generating for a given content.
- the system according to the invention has a knowledge base built by using trying subject messages, like manuals, resolved problems collections, glossary of terms all transformed by assisted formal understanding.
- the knowledge base contains also what is necessary for built and understand messages for target users, the student.
- the system create messages to expose the discipline of study using specifics messages to the user and specifics messages to the discipline.
- the system is provided to ask questions and to evaluate the answers. Also the system is provided to answer to questions exploiting the connections in the knowledge base.
- the system is provided to communicate with the user by using one or more channels like sound, image, mechanical actions.
- the development of informatics system project is a process that have to develop messages which represents procedures to be executed by computers, procedures that are provided to make computes to be able to resolve problems from a collection for which the project was created.
- the project is developed by a team, is an ensemble of modules which communicate, work together and interact with the system, an application expected to be used by different persons.
- Application development and exploitation all depends of a good communication between a big diversity of persons and project components. Complexes projects require multilingual, multidisciplinary teams where the communication is an element which determines the cost and the quality of the project.
- the method according to the invention consists in development of the project concomitantly with a knowledge base in which the parts of project are messages which have been passed throw a process of assisted formal understanding following results elements and relations including semantics values.
- the messages included in the knowledge base are as well the modules of programs and dates necessary to the functioning and documentation for the team of projection and for the categories of users of the project.
- the system using the knowledge base is provided to assure an efficient communication between the peoples and computers implicated in the project during development and exploitation.
- the method and the system assures the integration of common knowledge to the parts interested in the project, both knowledge about the development and exploitation, knowledge of informatics technology, how application can be used and knowledge regarding the way in which those knowledge are converted to specific messages for all categories of users, interested in that project. Storing the knowledge will help others projects to be developed more efficient and with a better quality result
- the solution is provided to assure alternative solutions for the requests resolving for rise the security and the stability of the system.
- the solution is meant to resolve to the ⁇ mmvr ⁇ catr ⁇ yyjth the pfrf ⁇ w? ⁇ T5 using s system with tfre same knowledge base which integrate the knowledge from the system with ones from different categories of users and way they express the same collection of messages.
- VAR09 the advantages of solution.
- the solution proposed allows the develop of an operation system much safer, much reliable, much easier to use by the human without special training.
- VAR10 the presentation of technical problem.
- the search in the Internet is based mostly on indexes of key words.
- a request of search will receive like an answer references to documents in which exists keys words or a part of them.
- a request has a semantic value and the answers can contain the words from request but to have no connection with the request semantics.
- a system built modeled human understanding is expected to understand the document on the Internet and to be able to index them by the semantic content which to be used in the search.
- the system according to the invention customize the system for the assisting of communication by developing and using a suitable knowledge base for the human understanding and for accomplish and indexed the documents on the Internet belonging to collections for which is meant the search engine.
- the messages structure is a tree structure with expression on nodes that can be, at their turn, treated like messages.
- ML7 sets (ML1 ... 7); user communication assisting apparatus (MS1); dedicated conventional message (MS2); dedicated knowledge base (MS3); formal understanding module (MS4); message generation module (MS5); content expression (MS6); knowledge base administrator (MS7); derived from messages, knowledge base (MS8); dialog module (MS9); study subject dedicated messages (MS10); RL1 - RL13 relations (RL1 ...
- STEP_12 document image message (M01); P02, M01 message part, as expression (E02); M01 message part (P02); P03, M01 message part, as expression (E03); M01 message part (P03); P04, M01 message part, as expression (E04); M01 message part (P04); E02 message part (P05); E02 message part (P06); E03 message part (P07); E03 message part (P08); E03 message part (P09); E03 message part (P10); E02 message part (P11); E02 message part (P12); E03 message part (P13); image document message (M21); P22, M21 message part, as expression (E22); M21 message part (P22); expression for , P23, M21 message part (E23); part of M21 message (P23); P24, M21 message part, as expression (E24); M21 message part (P24); E22 expression, message part (P25); E22 expression, message part (P26); E22 expression, message part (P27);
- FG12 (M01, E02, P02, E03, P03, E04, P04, P05, P06, P07, P08, PU9, P10, P11, P12, P13); FG1 ⁇ 3:(M21, E22, P22, E23, P23, E24, P24, P25, P26, P27, P28, P29); FG14:(E05, E06, E08, E09, E10, E11, P14, P15, P16, P17, E27, E28, P30, E41, E42, E43, E44); FG15: (E05, P051, P052, E053, P053, E054, P054, E06, P061, P062, P063, E25, P251 , P252, P253); The list elements in figures ordered by elements and figures: CM1:(FG6); CM2:(FG6); CM3:(FG6); CM4:(FG6)
- the receiver understands the message (CM7) and the follow effect can be the one desired by the source of the message. Learning can be one of communication objectives and the desired effect is the knowledge transfer to the receiver.
- a major communication difficulty is the fact that the message author must have enough knowledge about receiver, about what and how understand, and how react, for create a suitable message which to produce the expected effect.
- Invention is destined to offer a solution to simplify communication from that point of view, by that the source is assisted to create a standard message which is unique for a certain intention of the author, a message called content expression.
- the message is vehicles which transports content and generally speaking are lots of vehicles, to be used for the same content, called here expressions.
- the method, according to the invention is provide to modeling the process of understanding on computers like by a data processing called here formal understanding, which consists in message content recognition and to built an standard expression with the same semantic value, for the same semantics messages, no matter how them are expressed, Communication according to the invention it is presented schematic in fig.7. The elements from the figure, plus other elements used in the describing, are presented in table 1 TABLE 1
- the process assisted by the system works as described below: (MS1, MS11) introduce a message on the device using input interface (MS13), the device use formal understanding (MS4) to generate content expression (MS6), next the content expression is transferred (MS15) at the part from the system which assist the receiver, then from content expression is transformed in dedicated message for the reviver user by the process of message generating (MS5) which by using output interface (MS4) is make accessible by the user (MS12).
- the formal understanding and message generating processes (MS4) (MS5) are dates processing assisted by a knowledge base derived by selected sets of messages called initial messages.
- the knowledge base is structured like in fig.1 being constituted from sets and sets elements relations.
- the sets are: messages set (ML1), messages parts set (ML2), expressions set (ML3), expression forms set (ML4), content forms set (ML5), entities set (ML6), semantic values set (ML7), messages set element (EL1), messages parts set element (EL2), expressions set element (EL3), expression forms set element (EL4), content forms set element (EL5), entities set element (EL6), semantic values set element (EL7), message - parts messages relation (RL1), parts messages - content form relation (RL2>, parts messages - entity relation (RL3), content form - semantic value relation (RL4), entities as parts of content expression messages- semantic value relation (RL5), parts messages - expression relation (RL6), relation expressions - expression form (RL7), expressions, as part of messages, - semantic value relation (RL8), form expression - semantic value relation (RL9), message part entities
- Table 4 presents the entities identified in messages.
- the 'a' column contains messages parts and the code as identity of entity, 'b' column and an explication on 'c' column. Between part of message and entity, a and b columns, exists the RL10 relation as it can be seen in the fig. 1 and fig. 2. To recognize the entity it is important his definition.
- the proposed method uses many alternative definitions which must be understood and different users categories (MS1) can be able to use them .
- a way to build a definitions is like "the entity represented by the semantic of the message part pxx", where 'pxx' is the identity of the message part. That definition can function for persons and that thing can be demonstrated on examples with persons which understand those examples. Those persons will be able to identify identically entities like being the semantic of some parts built by expression identical or not.
- Table 5 presents the forms which determine the messages from examples.
- Column 'a' contains the code of message, references to the elements (EL1) from the ML1 set.
- Column 'b * contains a reference to the semantic value for the messages.
- Column 'c' contains the messages which in ensemble and in parts are expressions and combinations of expressions.
- the messages are dedicated to some categories of users which know and understand the used conventions system. The system of convention is given in the column * d ⁇ Those are: programming language C++ (SP1), Romanian language (SP2), English language (SP3), local conventions system (SP4).
- SP1 programming language C++
- SP2 Romanian language
- SP3 English language
- SP4 local conventions system
- Tab. 6 present the formula corresponding to messages.
- Teacher user is the one who participate and validate the ML1...ML7 sets construction and as well the inter elements sets relations. This process, which constitute more pattern recognitions and classifications, we called him interactive formal understanding (IFI).
- the transferred knowledge refers to the way in which are built the messages, the conventions, for different categories of conventions and categories of users. Beside the identity of the sets elements and relations, teacher explain in which way he decide in the processes of pattern recognition, what knowledge ware implied, all those together forming message for the documenting of the process of formal understanding (MDP-IF).
- IFI initial messages and documenting messages MDP-IF produce elements and relations which are registered in the knowledge base.
- the process IFI produces content expressions corresponding to the messages.
- This process has the purpose to produce enough knowledge to help the system to be able to process the formal understanding, unassisted.
- the formal understanding module is provided to be able to use , for performing his task, content expressions messages obtained from the MDP-IF messages. In that way the system understanding ability can be developed by training, by developing the knowledge base.
- the process of training thus describe is inspired by human training which learn to understand messages, which start with "food”, “water”, “I am thirsf , and gets to school manuals and specialty treaties in universities and further. That model is important for developing like human understanding , which at his turn, is important if we want that the computers to understand messages wrote by human, to be able to built applications from regular books.
- the hardware required for the method can be configured using the existing computers with existing input output devices.
- the system elements, according to the invention some are distributed to users, some are the core system which is the system knowledge base (BCS), administration and development software, some are communication devices and software.
- BCS system knowledge base
- the extraction, from the system knowledge base, of some reduced, dedicated to the users, knowledge base, is a solution which, besides the fact that reduce the volume of information to the what is necessary, reduce too the precessing time for any users by the fact that unnecessary Knowledge are not processed.
- the module of formal understanding contains a collection of tools for the pattern classification and recognition. In the case of text messages in natural language, expression sets will have words, groups of words. The words classified from more points of view among others, like part of word, like semantic etc.
- the classifications, introduced in the knowledge base by messages MPD-IF are exploited by classifications tools and the results, further, serve for decisions in pattern recognition. It is a process which also can be describe by MDP-IF and executed by formal understanding module interpreting content expression.
- Messages generating is a transforming of content expression, which exploit the relations between the content formulas elements and expression formula elements.
- the specifications of the expressions forms allows the replacement of the parameters identifiers from the expression formula with corresponding expressions put each one in a right place.
- the communication between user and the apparatus which assist him can be improved by using a dialog module (MS9), which allows to the user to confirm formal understanding process steps, to request explications regarding the messages generating, to introduce personals messages and to documents the semantic associated by conventions that him want to set to be used with the personal apparatus, to introduce, and to document messages for system development.
- the understanding module is the component which process formal understanding is provided to perform more pattern recognition and others operations as a combination and order adequate to the analyzed message. Among those operations it is mentioned: Parts recognition
- the method of base elements zero (MG9) and one (MG8) The method of recognition from expressions The method of recognition subdivision of parts Expressions recognition, entities recognition Expression form recognition Content form recognition entities recognition Sets elements recognition by using elements definition
- Messages parts recognition by comparing with elements from expressions set can be inappropriate if the message contains unknown elements. In that case can be useful the method which recognize parts using base elements (MG8, MG9). This method can be useful also to split big and complicated parts.
- the parts subdivisions recognition will be more appropriate and will reduce the entity number to be recognized. That suppose to split the large part until the subdivisions (MG12) will be simples enough. In fig.10, 14, 15, more levels message discomposed, is presented. Message parts and him subdivisions can be seen as a message and message parts which allows the treating of complicated expressions like messages, in the process of recognition, using expressions derived by splitting message parts.
- the advantage is that a small number of expressions can serve at the recognition of a large number of combinations.
- the definition represent combinations of properties which can be determinate each one, using appropriate tools, from properties evaluators category. For example: By consulting the knowledge base we can find the elements x1 and x2 category on which them belongs; that can help us to understand if message x1 x2 can be like x1 property of x2. To belongs mean to have the common properties of the elements from the category. So we can recognize the relation between x1 and x2; the knowledge base consultation can be:
- the part of message px is an character image which is intersected x2 times by a vertical line positioned at the relative address x1 , expressed in percents from the line text height, measured from the start from the character image
- ros ⁇ (7) is a name of fruit, of plant, but also a name of color, apples, mere(4) name of fruit, green, verzi(8) name of color.
- the part of message "red (5) apples (4)” is a sequence of two words, first fruit the second fruit or maybe color between words doesn't exist any signs to show that is a list so it seems to be a name of fruit follow by a name of color, a pattern object-property.
- the combination, object property, "red (5) apples (4)" and "green (8) tomatoes (7)" must be valid in the knowledge base as a semantic valid combination between form and entity of corresponding content expression.
- the individual apparatus consists in an electronic device provided with entries for the user, in particular a combination of one or more input channels like keyboard, microphone, digital cam for image and others. Also the apparatus is provided with combinations of one or more text, image, and sound and others output channels.
- the apparatus have memory and processor, as well the interface of communication with the computers, which can be USB interface.
- the apparatus is provided either by radio transmission-reception unit, either an interface for cable communication.
- the device is provided to be charged with software and data as dedicated knowledge base, extracted from the system knowledge base, by the using connection with a computers or data storage media. Throw the connection, the local knowledge base can be upgraded with new knowledge, extracted from the system knowledge base.
- the apparatus input messages from the owner user, transform them in content expressions, and transmit them to the receiver('s) user or users assertive devices, using known communication solutions, provided to assure the confidentiality and security.
- the apparatus receive messages from other similar apparatus of others users, as expressions messages, next transform them in user dedicated messages and output it for owner user.
- the core, central system, with the system knowledge base is provided to assures the local knowledge basis to stay integrated, as well the messages and content expressions.
- the core, central system assures the development of the understanding and the messages generating ability for the individual apparatus in the system, by developing the central base of knowledge with new categories of messages for the existing users and for new users.
- the system assembly development will assure the coherence with him, which allows the keeping of users messages interfaces even if technological is passed to new generations of equipments.
- the central system is developed by accumulations, which permit a permanent rise to the volume of knowledge, but affect the users only in the measure in which is useful. The users are affected in a much small measure as long everything what is interface is kept adding only what is new and unknown.
- the applications of the individual apparatus are multiple and they are covered by extending the local knowledge base and, like an improved version, in need, a communication with the system knowledge base, can assist the local operations, understanding, message generating, and dialog, for special situations.
- Voice entry is provided with ability to learn to recognize mostly the owner user and that will simplify the problem of speak recognition, being about messages and expressions limited to one user, to the content of the local knowledge base.
- Speech recognition training can be developed by a dialog which start, with yes and no, with numbers, letters, isolated words, and developed to the continuous speaking using messages from the base of knowledge. The user is invited to pronounce different words and the system learn to classify and to recognize them.
- the development of individual apparatus knowledge base is provided to cover the owner user communication needs as a personalization of the input output interface. Technological changes can have consequences to that individual apparatus only if those changes can't be covered by the knowledge already existing in the apparatus and if the users consider that he must extend his communication subjects. The training effort won't be waste by reason of technology change. In a way is like the vehicle, where if you learn to drive you don't need to repeat driver's school for a new car.
- the individual apparatus can cover the communications needs with humans or apparatus, with audio video domestic equipment, with persons from different corners of the world.
- the individual apparatus is provided to be able to host particular knowledge offered by different organizations such as international tourism.
- the tourism company can provide a supplement at the knowledge base which to help you to communicate on the airport, at the hotel, at shopping, etc assisted by personal apparatus.
- An informatics project develops an ensemble of files which, from the method point of view, are conventional messages which has different authors and different receivers. Programs have like receiver computers which by them are instructed to offer certain processing services, established by project specifications. Other categories of files are messages for the project users, which are trained how to request services to the system in the limits of the project specifications. Programmers have also messages about how to use informatics tools for communicate with the system, to use modules developed by others team members.
- a complex project supposes a muitidisciplinary and possible multilingual team. Also, ideal is that each user to receive the dedicated message, appropriate, adapt at his level of knowledge and needs.
- Any line contains two parts, one containing string of elements one(f) and next containing string of elements zero(g): message part address (a), sequence number(b), chapter no(c) line no (d) address in line(e).
- the message novel, is constituted from a string of base elements, characters codes, each one bytes for that example.
- the base elements are classified in elements one (MG8), elements which form parts of message and elements zero( MG9) which separates the parts of message.
- the data from tab. 8 are obtained with a parts split module which recognizes the parts of message like being a string of base elements one.
- List of elements one is parts split module parameter.
- the module used is one from the lot of tools used by the formal understanding module, and the result follow to be processed using others parameterized tools.
- Assisted formal understanding is designed so that parts and others sets elements and relations identification are done by decisions make or validated by the teacher user. As the result of decisions identical words or different, parts of message, can be put in correspondence with the same entity. So a pronoun, a persons name or phrase like a person being in rapport with other person, can be expression for the same entity in relations (RL8) with the same semantic value set element (EL6), a person.
- RL8 the same entity in relations
- EL6 semantic value set element
- a pronoun in the expressions set can be in relations with any person, he can represents potentially any person from the message. That mean it can't be provided an entity code for a word not part of a message like words from regular dictionary.
- the teacher user can be any person who understand the message, if he know to answers to the questions such as:
- notions universal encoding systems A universal knowledge representation can be done if exist a notions universal encoding systems.
- the major difficulty in accomplish of notions universal encoding systems consists in how to define entity which to be used in the entity recognition process.
- the proposed method uses the knowledge base and formal understanding, to build and store more definitions for the same entity, to be used by different categories of users, all definitions in relation with the same semantic values set element, using different semantic formula, with the same semantics values.
- Definitions are formulated stating from collections of documents as, initial conventional messages; a simplest definition can be "the entity ny is the semantic of the part of message px".
- the initials documents, translated will allow the put into correspondence the messages and the messages parts with the same semantic content and the translations will offer into an another language a similar definition in which ny is the same, but nx represents an another message parts from the translated message. More precision can be assured if the definition refers to the original paper work from which the translation comes.
- This kind of definition should reflect the content according to author intention and the teacher user, which assists the formal understanding, must know the message, and if is necessary, the author and the history around message creation. That method has the target to provider reliable definitions, that can be confirmed using assisted formal understanding by more qualified persons. Those definitions can be used by, the one who understand the messages, book, novel etc., and he will recognize the same entity expressed in other way.
- Messages used to build the entity encoding system definitions are provided to be kept as knowledge base content witness in the original format that preserve the address of messages parts.
- For geographical names can be built reliable definitions as: The geographic element ny with the name px1 in the language px2 situated between the geographic coordinates px3, px4, px5, px6 at the moment px7 ⁇ That kind of definition can be translate and the corresponding names in other language can be find.
- a user which study the subject can use the apparatus of assisted communication like communicating with a teacher for the studied subject, he put questions, receive answers, about the entities and the messages used for the subject. At the school the student can see and hear.
- the individual apparatus can offer him image and sound being equipped with proper input output interface and more, can offer him the possibility to request supplementary explications, and by interaction he can adapt the learning process.
- ML2 message parts
- ML3 expressions
- FIG. 9 is presented schematically the apparatus and the system used for assisted learning. It can be seen a component provided to assure the dialog (MS9).
- the method is provided to process a numerical data structure called here conventional message, data which come from a source called author user (MS11).
- the processing is determined by a knowledge base (MS3, MS8) which contains conventions used for to build the messages and knowledge from subject covering the message content.
- An example of implementation is a knowledge base mainly consists of two tables; articles and links tables.
- the articles table contain distinct codes for articles and associate definitions.
- the links table contain two article codes on each entry and a code provided to express relation type.
- the data from the table are derived from messages. Thus from the messages from the tab. 2 will result articles for the lots ML1, ML2 ...
- Articles will contain a unique code and associate definitions.
- definitions can be a message which consists from: form identity, message identity, address of part, length of the part, where:
- the relation are defined also in connection with the questions who, what, which, where, when, questions which make the connections between part or parts of message from the question and part or parts of message from the answer.
- the questions and answers can have equivalent in different languages and in that way are recognized equal semantic values for the messages and expressions in different languages. Similar can be spoken about messages of technical draw type, with parts of messages, line segments or circle segments with elements semantic values the dimension line, cylinder etc. The same can . be spoken of image messages representing mathematic formulas or speech messages materialized by a sequence of samples in sound files, noted the fact that identification at their turn defined each one in the articles table.
- Some codes are known by the tools of the procedure, codes which defines processing, parameters, data types, and these don't need to be defined in knowledge base. Example of codes known by the system will be codes for:
- the base of knowledge derived from messages M1 , M2 ... tab.2 can be used for to analyze some messages from the same messages category, another combination of forms and expressions elements, combinations which respect the specifications of the form and generate credible content.
- combinations like "open the file, at beginning, for appending is an impossible action according to the Knowledge about subject.
- Message can be formulated, understand, but considered mistaken and the user will be asked for other informations.
- processing steps are (fig. 11):
- STEP_2-1 for expressions, expressions form, entities, content form, for each one and for each message part, including the message, is created an entry in BCL_ articles; it is assign a distinct code and and create a definition which use corresponding part of message
- the reduced context at messages with the form F2 allow to recognize the correspondence of the parts of message with parts of the form or with parameter elements using the relations between parts of message and the elements of message formula FOE and FOC, relations like in the lines 3 and 4, tab.5 and tab.6
- the results obtained in BCL are the elements recognized in message and materialized by links with the elements from BC.
- the content expression of the message will be the content formula FOC with the semantic values parameters (EL7) corresponding of the parameters part of message in FOE.
- nf and f1 are elements which can be unknown in the base of knowledge but to be the object to some conventions limited in place and time. Those restricted conventions can be about how some elements can be defined and used then forgotten after, outside the limits.
- the need to define new elements can appear in the middle of a dialog session, the need of new conventions for the session.
- the id of new elements nf and f1 must be transmitted as part of the content expression by using known elements for the content field of knowledge. This can be done as follows: "the characters string composed of 'f followed by the letter 'n' from the Latin alphabef .
- the variables used in processing are objects, entries in BCL tables which are created and destroyed as required by procedure.
- the parameters of the procedures are from the BCL, knowledge base. Those procedures are both, conventional message for different categories of users, and content expression message, which can be interpreted and executed like a component provided for for the specified purpose. It follow a particular example regarding the way in which is interpreted and executed a content expression procedure.
- Content expression is a message of one or more procedural expressions unit, each consist of:
- Processing code processing entity, the set identity, in which the elements are procedures that give the same output for the same input; processing code identify a list of tools that can be used any List of parameters codes, contain
- Parameters are articles codes and by using the definitions the value can be localized parameters and data type, and that will allow the replacing of formals parameters with actual parameters.
- buttons tools which allow the activation of some processing.
- One of the buttons activate the process of message split in parts, using a general method such as the method based on the characters classification like characters used in words and others. The result is displayed into another window, as follow:
- Every message part, displayed is sensitive that mean, a processing can be activate by clicking on it with a specific parameter for each.
- Others windows will display sets elements also each sensitive.
- cliquing tools message parts, sets elements, a user, which understand the message can formulate messages about links between message parts and the elements already existing, to be stored in knowledge base.
- Elements from the content domain are posted using definitions built on the base of others messages which already exist in the base of knowledge. For user to be able to chose some elements, definitions have to be also displayed.
- “Deschid” can be defined like "open” in "open file” from the message M5. In the same way can be posted for being used definitions for all the categories of elements which seams to have a connection with the message.
- the teacher select the elements from the message and from knowledge base which have between them a relation, click a button for the type of relation and the application will generate a message like "between the EL2 element ⁇ Desffle>(1) and the M3 element exist the relation RL1". That affirmation follows to be confirmed by the teacher. If the message will be confirmed the application will retain the connection in the base of knowledge together with the information who is the teacher, when was the relation introduced in the knowledge base so the knowledge base will store, a fact. In similar way will be introduced in the knowledge base connections and messages which to affirm properties of the elements and procedurals knowledge like in the examples:
- the characters string represents a combination of characters where each has the signification... (as in the case “rf from M1 tab 2)
- the dialog can be determined of procedural knowledge from MS8, MS10. Any time when knowledge are missing the dialog module is provided to ask for them by querying knowledge base or by asking to the user.
- the dialog is provided for solve situations in which the autonomic functioning is not possible and is provided to request information which to allow the continuing of the processing in progress or to cancel it.
- the knowledge base contains exposing of the subject as content expression messages. Those exposing are transformed in messages for the target user. Examples, definitions, questions with answers, questions with answers requests from user's part, are provided to be use through dialog module.
- the training suppose the appropriation of new notions, their defining, sending to the user the messages which use those new notions and eventually the new words.
- the module will send to the user known messages but also messages which follow be learned by the user, with necessary explanations.
- the dialog is managed through questions and answers.
- the dialog module will be able to respond at the questions by exploiting the links from the knowledge base like ones, between message parts from questions and answers.
- the dialog module is provided to answer to questions using the knowledge from MS8, MS10.
- the question will be converted to content expression message alike "to find the element x1 which has the properties combination x2".
- the question is transformed into a knowledge base query of an element defined by the properties combination x2. If no answer for query, is found, the answer will said that.
- the module in which the properties combination is transformed into a data base query can be combination of transformations defined through content of the knowledge base.
- a document page M21 and M01 have the content V21.
- the messages contain 6 tables on a page.
- V23 list of the words from V02 in the same order as the appearance in message • V24 - the Romanian alphabet lower-case letters
- Different messages with the same content with M01 are obtained through printer (MS14) and scanner (MS13) of images with different resolutions.
- the analyze the message understanding, is processed starting with their transforming into a standard reasonable resolution and the reducing of the color number to 2, white and black, monochrome images.
- the obtained images will contain parts of message corresponding to some different expressions from the same expressions family.
- P06 and P08 are parts from the expressions family represented by E25, image expression of the word "specificat”.
- P06 and P08 are parts from the expressions family with the representing E25, image expression of the word "specificat”.
- E25 appears many times in different places as different parts of message but all having in correspondence the same expression, so the parts of message and the expression are identical point-to-point.
- message parts details (P14, P15, P17, P30, P061, P062, P063, P251, P252, P253, P051, P052, P053, P054) are known from the knowledge base (MS3, MS8) as those that can be helpful in classifying the expressions and establish of the representing (E25, E28) which determine the value, element corresponding to the content (EL7).
- a detail is a part of message (expression) defined through coordinates and perimeter.
- Simple details like like (E41 , E42, E43, E44, E53, E54) are divided in elements classes which have in common that allows the determination of the limits image parts.
- E41 and E43 can indicate a right limit if on the same vertical line doesn't appear details from a category which move the limit to the right, like E44.
- the expressions E56 and E54 can be represented like binary numbers of 8 bites, 2 lines of 4 bits put in order up line follow by down line. If the result number is less then 128 but greater than 0, the down line of the element can be on the limit of the message part. If the all numbers for elements on the line are less than 128 but at least one element is greater then zeros the line is the up limit.
- the elements E41 , E42, E43, E44 form binary numbers of 4 bits, 2+2 from left columns follow by right. The value of the numbers can be used to find the left and right limits of the message parts.
- the words are recognized on the base of some details and the result is checked, if is necessary, by comparing message with image generated from text.
- the recognition of the words and graphics elements will produce for each, a value element (EL7) or the decision "unknown elemenf .
- EL7 value element
- Unknown element' the method is provided to to record the element and his affiliation to the "category new", unknown and to request explanations.
- An accomplish example of a system destined to assists the persons from a house to communicate with the apparatus consists in: ACEC apparatus assisting commanded through infrared (ACEC-IR) devices, ACEC for each person (ACEC-P) from the house, ACEC devices for the assisting through USB interface (ACEC-USB). All those devices communicate between them directly or through a central station using content expression messages through a short range radio communication, in the house limits.
- the communication between devices is provided with known ways:
- the apparatus from the house which communicate through IR are adapted for the use in system by mounting in the front of IR sensor of each apparatus of a device ACEC- IR.
- Personal computers from the house will be ingrates in the system through ACEC-USB.
- the assisting devices will be adapted to the dedicate user through the charging with software and knowledge for adapt, each of them, to communicate with the dedicated user.
- ACEC-IR will be adapted to send alike IR messages as which are emits by the remote control as the result of some content expression messages which are sent to him.
- the ACEC-USB devices is provided to communicate with the computer through USB, using the dedicated conventional messages, to a software module, provided, at its turn, to communicate with the computer applications, and with other assisting devices through content expression messages.
- Each person which communicate in the system has a ACEC-P provided to assist the user for which is dedicated, through speech in both senses, through the keyboard and sensitive screen, like entry device and through screen like exit device.
- the content expression messages are from a list of transformed regular messages from dialog between the persons, in the house, and the apparatuses. For each user the messages have an equivalent dedicated conventional message.
- a knowledge base contains both content expression messages and dedicated conventional messages, and more, contains knowledge which allows the transforming of conventional messages in content expression messages and vice-versa for each user. From the system knowledge base are extracted necessary knowledge to each dedicated device, program modules and dates, that are transferred to the device which is intended.
- the assisting devices are provided with known ways which allows the numerical dates transfer and those memorizing and installation. Once charged the devices are ready to communicate in the system.
- the content expression has the format:
- the parameters can be messages which through their semantic value and type respect the specification.
- the conventional messages used by the persons from the house can be like in the following examples:
- Jack is used by the person 1 for drawing message receiver, the device which assists him.
- Another person, person 2 can use other conventional messages with the same content which will be transformed in the same content expressions:
- ACEC-P ACEC-P which will be integrated in the system by presenting to the system the new person with attributes rights in the using of the components from the house. If a person comes with ACEP-P that will use already known messages to communicate with his owner, on which are added local conventions through, partial base of knowledge provided for visitors. Those conventions are destined to adapt the apparatus of the new user to the local system, and that to be recognized and the dialog with him to be accepted.
- ACEC-P integrated in the system can receive an apparatus from the host which learn to communicate with the new comer throw articulate speaking messages or will communicate throw keyboard and/or touch screen, or through all the channels of his disposition, so to be able to verified and validate the communication quality.
- a device of individual assisting assures the communication into a system having knowledge which allows him the transforming of messages specifics to the activities and locations.
- the apparatus is provided to can be training for understand saying words classified on importance and priority levels.
- the levels will contain words in the visitor language such as the following:
- the apparatus training apparatus will display or generate sound, words which the user is invited to repeat.
- the words on the level 1, 2, 3 a dialog can be used to develop the list of words which are recognized.
- the words and messages are contained in the base of knowledge from the memory of the device and can be upgraded by data transfer.
- the content expression messages and the knowledge base are integrated into a system of conventions which assures the keeping of messages content by converting them in and from content expression.
- the apparatus can be a PDA, personal digital assistant, which is provided, with voice communication to communicate with the dedicated user and with two-way short range radio to communicate with other apparatus through content expression.
- the apparatus is provided with software for speech recognition and generation. The communication with the user is made by speech, keyboard and any others regular channels at PDA.
- the apparatus is provided with ways for the transforming user messages in and from content expression.
- An ACEC provided to communicate through speaking messages is provided with ways to allows his training for to recognize the speech of his owner. For recognize a new person's speech, the apparatus, is provided to can be trained for understand sounds of words classified on levels of importance and priority. Those levels will contain words in the user language as following:
- the apparatus After the apparatus has learn to recognize yes and no he can be command to display or generate as sound, different words and messages which the user have to repeat. The apparatus will try to recognize what the user and convert it to text. In that way is created a dialog for the apparatus training.
- the apparatus being personal is provided to recognize and react only to the owner voice.
- the apparatus is provided also to can be training to understand messages defined by the owner through some messages already known by the apparatus. In that way long messages can be replaced with short agreed messages conventions between ACEC and the owner.
- ATC- USB Another example refers to the apparatus of assisting computers as user (ACEC- USB).
- the apparatus is provided to communicate with the calculation systems through USB, and with ACEC apparatus through by two-way short range radio.
- the apparatus is provided with ways which to transform the content expression messages in messages for a program installed on the calculation system which at his turn control the operation system and the applications on the system and transform part from the system answer in messages for being transmitted through ACEC to the person which uses the computer.
- the apparatus is provided to communicate into a telephonic system through protocols which allow numeric dates transfer.
- the apparatus is provided to communicate with another ACEC apparatus and with telephonic line as user, to call a subscriber, to telephone service, and to establish a telephonic connection, then when are requested those actions, through content expression messages, to transmit and convert messages from and to the user.
- Another example of accomplish is an apparatus which combines the mobile phone functions (ACEC-MOD) with functions of the apparatus ACEC, for assisting a person, permitting the communication at distance using content expression messages through the mobile phonic network and as well, the communication in the apparatus neighborhood with ACEC apparatus.
- AEC-MOD mobile phone functions
- ACEC apparatus which combines the mobile phone functions (ACEC-MOD) with functions of the apparatus ACEC, for assisting a person, permitting the communication at distance using content expression messages through the mobile phonic network and as well, the communication in the apparatus neighborhood with ACEC apparatus.
- VAR04 The system used for the development, at the computers, of the ability of understanding, destined messages to the human, is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of document choosing, messages which are used for the training of the knowledge base.
- the documents are chosen such as to cover the school courses collection, classified on grades.
- VAR05 The system is used for a universal knowledge base used for the accomplish of universal encoding for semantic entity lists, is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of how documents are selected, messages which are used for the knowledge base creation. The documents are chosen such as to contain recognized knowledge by the authorities in domain.
- VAR06 The system used to translate from one language into another is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of how documents are selected, messages which are used for the knowledge base to be created and the way of using the system.
- the source of the messages for which is used the system can be books, in more language, each of them, which are from different authors.
- the system used for the training assist is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of how documents are selected, messages, which are used for the knowledge base to be created and the way of using the system.
- the system uses dialog modules and specific knowledge to the study subject to generate exposing, questions and answers.
- VAR08 The system used for the informatics project development is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of how documents are selected, messages, which are used for the knowledge base to be created and the way of using the system. Messages are programs and documentation in all the conventions systems, to cover the users understanding, users as persons and computers software components.
- the files from Linux partition are encoded, each with a distinct code, and renames using as name, the code.
- each file and folders.indifferent of the place he occupied in the file system will have a unique code.
- Linux system has became nonfunctional being destroyed the connections based on addresses in the files system.
- the destroyed connections are rebuilt as knowledge base content, links between files old identity and the new codes.
- the files are messages for the new system and the files codes are elements which can be used in the definitions from the articles table, for messages and parts of messages and further for the rest of the derived elements from the knowledge base.
- the messages between modules which ware defined with the help of the files names of whose identity ware modified can be transformed using the informations from the knowledge base.
- the files encoding allows also alternative solutions as long as the knowledge base can reflect the content identity for distinct messages. Time after time a new Linux incomplete verified version are released, a version that is supposed to be better replace an old one which partial, was verified. Thus, sometime, what was functioning well, in old version is not functioning in the new one.
- the solution with the knowledge base allows the existence of modules from different versions and the built of modules which to use and compare alternative solutions to the same problems to assure, the system malfunctioning, detection and correction.
- VAR10 The system used for the developed of Internet search engine is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the are selected, messages, which are used for the knowledge base to be created and the way of using the system.
- the system needs knowledge to be able to understand, an to build, a semantic index for documents to be subject of search.
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Abstract
The target of proposed invention is intended to create for computers the ability to understand like human and to use that ability for plurality of applications. The invention presents the components and the functioning of a system which model the human understanding for messages, one of components being the knowledge base. Using the model for understanding the invention present a method of communication between persons, persons and apparatus, apparatus through which the method uses the understanding for transform the messages in special messages called content expressions, those being the way of communication. The communication follow a scheme Expression_ message 1 - (understanding) -> content _expression -(generating) -> expression_ message 2 The understanding is modeled like an ensemble of pattern recognition processes, a set of tools, which are used appropriate with the message which is supposed to be understood. The way in which are used that tools collection is subject of training using as model human education system which is intended, among other, to develop the ability to recognize and to understand notions and concepts classified on school courses and grades. The invention presents the way in which the knowledge base is developed step by step, derived from messages, how parts from the knowledge base can be cut for serving a user or to be used for a studding a subject. Also it is presented a personal apparatus for the communication assisting, apparatus which can assure the communication with persons and apparatus in the conditions which between the user and apparatus is developed and improved a personalized stable interface that can facilitate communication with a large variety of persons and apparatus. Through the development of the computer understands ability is it expected that those to be capable to training from book manuals, documents destined to the human. The indexing and Internet search is expected to be changed from the indexing words and phrase to indexing content and to search for content an ideas.
Description
METHOD, SYSTEM ANDAPPARATUS FORASSIST OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PERSONS ORAPPARATUS OR PERSONS AND APPARATUS
The method is intended to facilitate communication between persons or apparatus or persons and apparatus which can't communicate directly because they don't use the same language, or don't have the same training, or don't understand the same types of messages. Here, the apparatus are all kind of electronic, electromechanical assemblies. The method applies too in the activity of software design, like operating systems and software applications, allowing to a multidisciplinary, multicultural, multi linguistically team to cooperate and develop informatics product more secure, more stable and easier to use by users without special training. Also applies in informatics projects to facilitate the communication man machine in the process of training of the system alternative method of programming, at hand of persons which don't have special training and may thus participate in the project more efficient without intermediate programmers. The method applies also in translations from a language to another. The method applies at the validation and the correction of some processes of pattern recognition. The method applies in informatics projects which need acquisition, storing and procession of knowledge. The method applies at the assisting learning processes. Next we present achievements and concerns which are close to the method object.
For the translation in more languages it is the patent 6,275,789 "Method and apparatus for performing full bidirectional translation between a source language and a linked alternative language" which present a solution for the translation in more languages based on a linked alternative language for each natural language, and the translation is made from a linked language in other linked language and then in the source natural language for linked language.
The solution facilitates communication between entities which can't communicate directly because each of them generate and understands messages which the partner doesn't understand. The entities which communicate can be persons, can be automatics or parts of automatics, and can be software applications. By facilitating the communication, entities which communicate can participate in common projects. Assisted learning can be done better by using the proposed method for communication.
The proposed method uses for communication content expressions, which can be obtained from messages by a process of formal understanding, process configured to use knowledge from a knowledge base derived from a set of messages. The method refers to conventional messages, a large class of messages which includes natural languages, the formal languages, any digital file on a digital device of date processing, speech, text images, technical drawing, formulas, etc. The method is provided with ways to input messages from the author, his transformation in content expression, his transport at receiver, transformation in message dedicated to the receiver and for output the message to the receiver. The method is provided too with means of creation and development of integrated knowledge base by using the interactive formal and assisted understanding of some sets of messages where a user who can understand the messages extract from them parts, sets elements and relations for the base of knowledge. The development of knowledge and capacity of understanding has like pattern, human training, which use messages, explanations for those, teachers, a development of understanding ability with the extension of the messages number and diversity. Communication can have multiple applications, such as the development of informatics projects with heterogeneous teams, alternative methods at the programming for persons without informatics training, interlingual communication, in services of transport and tourism. The formal understanding can help development of universal integrated knowledge bases with multiple application.
Among applications is also an apparatus dedicated and personalized for the communication assist. Invention can be exploited as products and services for communication assist. This products and services at their turn can facilitate accomplish of projects in heterogeneous teams. Can be utilized at the creation and development of universal integrated knowledge bases using knowledge already existed created for human such as among others, books. The method and the apparatus can be utilized at the assisting learning. For a person can be achieved an apparatus which facilitate the communication with other persons or machines, an apparatus which at the change of technology to permit by data transfer the kipping personality interface so the user can benefit of progress without being constrained to learn a new way to communicate more, for what already know to communicate.
The intention which sits at the base of the proposal is to accomplish for the systems of calculation a similar function with the human understanding. For that the understanding was definite like a message processing which extracts from the message the semantic content. The message at his turn was definite like being a combination of elements which obey the rules imposed by one ore more systems of conventions. The results of content extract must at his turn to can be materialized; for that I used the phrase expression content which is a message but by conventions he can be unique for the same content extract from many messages different by shapes but identically like intention. Should follow the natural questions:
• Is it possible?
• Is it useful?
• Is it new?
We start with "Is it useful?" Supposing that we have a computer which understand like human; he can be able to learn like human from different teachers, different disciplines, without need an programmer as translator, would be capable of self maintenance using manuals, books, compendiums wrote for humans, would be possible to translate from a language into another by using the best scheme expression Janguage_1-(understand)- >content-(generate expression)->expression_language_2.
The development of a informatics project can benefit of a multidisciplinary, multicultural, multi linguistic team in which the members can communicate directly with the computer without need for that an intermediate which to understand the specialty of application and the informatics technology. According to a such system communication if s simplified from the case when the source, if want a certain effect to the receiver, must build an message dedicated to the receiver, must know what and how the receiver understand and how react; for different receivers source must build appropriate messages for each one. Security and stability are two major problems for computers that steel need to be improve. Understanding ability for computers at list will change the way that security and stability will work.
This receive services solicitations like an human assistant a message that specified what he wants, and the system chose the way in which it is resolved the solicitation without the solicitor knows what software components are activated. In this way aren't possible informatics attacks which concerns weaknesses of one certain software components. A better stability can be realized from a system which is am administrator of tools and which offers services assisted by a base of knowledge. The base of knowledge contains procedurals knowledge which offers different solutions at the same problem. That thing shall allow the solving in much ways and the comparing of the results, calculation of indexes regarding the certitude of the result based on stored confirmed results of the same or alike problems.
A knowledge base can be continuously upgrade by adding of new knowledge like the human model of learning such as to allow the rise of services diversity assisted by the rise
of the degree of competence. The artificial understanding can be use to help to semantic entity encoding and can use that encoding to express content. The system of communication described can be utilized at the simulation of communication with a teacher for learn a discipline of study. Next we try to answer at the following question "Is it new?" It is know a translate service offered by Google, but we can't say that it works follow the scheme expression Janguage_1 -(understand)->content-(generate expression)-
>expression_language_2.
About understanding Isaiah Berlin says: "To understand is to perceive patterns". That quote appears on the Internet at the WEB page "Pattern Recognition on the Web" - http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfriend/teaching/pr-web.html. Pattern Recognition is the subject of many and diverse informatics products. As much as we know these products are specialized, each of them covering better a certain category of pattern. Some pattern recognition technologies are:
• Characters recognition
• Speech recognition
• Natural language understanding
• Document understanding
CYC organization aim: to create the world's first true artificial intelligence, having both common sense and the ability to reason with it. http://www.cyc.com/ From what we can see on the Internet doesn't appear to exist any project to build a understanding function similar with the one of the human in the way it is specified in that invention. The original way proposed, inspired from human training, follow to develop the understanding using knowledges rose from set of messages which to be capable to understand those messages.
Classifying messages is a way to split knowledge base in parts and to build reduced knowledge basis, integrated in the system. We can say that the human understanding is focused a little to a variety of domains of pattern recognition and is developing motivated of what human must understand.
The school is a way to build the same knowledge and the way to understand for more people, and has an important role in the efficiency of communication. A similar scholarship for the computer is expected to produce a similar function of understanding. The content of invention wants to respond at the question "Is it possible?" The idea to use a pivotal language, as results from the patent 6,275,789, it is known. The fundamental ideal solution, which resolves many problems, is the development at the computers of capacity to understand, in particular the understanding of natural languages. The solution proposed defined Understanding like being a process of elements and relations recognition from messages among elements and relations from knowledge base. The human or the machine which understand does that on the base of knowledge which has and the result is determinate by this knowledge, being all about recognition processes of pattern from different collections. The communication and his effects can serve at the evaluation of result, at the qualification of the content extract from message. Messages are created with a purpose, to produce a certain effect and if we can determine the initial intention which at send to the message creation, the effect expected, if we can express that intention and effect we can say that we understand the message and we can built a expression for what we understand, a content expression.
The method formalized the process of understanding for what is called conventional messages, message built by following sets of rules that we also call convention systems. This is a combination of elements, called expressions. Expressions, the way combines together make the message content. The conventional message and the formal understanding are concepts which together extend the natural language understanding at
understanding in general. Different types of messages which come on different channels, fillings, sensors; they complete each other and contribute at the understanding process, the understanding check and evaluation. The method proposed is based on the knowledge about conventions to extract the information from message, different of the methods known based on the statistic and the processing of a huge volume of dates. To understand means to recognize entities, concepts, into a crowd in which those are represented in a way described by rules. What definition is the most adequate? Who can build a huge number of definitions which to function in the process of understanding? The invention proposed use multiple definitions, among others definitions which formulate like being the semantics of one part of the message. The part of message as is definite in this invention represents an expression plus the information which determine the place from where comes. It is a definition which allows to an expert to appreciate which parts of message refer to the same entity.
For the variants if the invention symbolized with VAR01...VAR 10 is presented in the order of the variants for each one: the presentation of technical problem, the exposing of the invention and advantages. The list of the variants is:
• VAR01 The method for the messages transforming used with the system and the apparatus for the assisting of communication between persons or apparatus or persons and apparatus
• VAR2 System for assisting the communication between persons, apparatus, parsons and apparatus β VAR3 The apparatus for the assisting of communication utilized with the system and the method for the assisting of communication between persons and apparatus or persons and apparatus
• VAR4 The system used for the development, of understanding ability like human understanding for computers.
• VAR5 The system used for the universal base of knowledge « and universal integrated semantic entity encoding.
• VAR6 The system used for texts translation from a language to another
• VAR7 The system used for the assisting of training into a unknown discipline by the one who is assisted
• VAR8 The system used for development of informatics projects
• VAR9 Operation system
• VAR10 The system used for the development of Internet search engine based on semantic indexing.
Next for VAR1 follow the presentation of technical problem. For being possible the communication between persons, between different users persons and/or apparatus it is necessary that the message to be transformed, adapted for can be understood and produce effects. In the case of some persons who spoke different languages it is necessary at least that the message to be translate. In the case of audio video entertainment system remote control transform the messages. Computers are instructed to perform some data processing using messages that obey rules imposed by programing language and operating system. Those messages are created by programmer by transforming ideas expressed in natural language. Compilers and others component transform messages to executable. The user of the computer request services by messages, he transform his intentions in messages consisting in the selection of some options and the activating of some programs, using selection and confirms of the selections or other way by text messages as commands lines.
The teacher must transform the messages of one courses in messages already known for being understood by the students.
In the process of communication the author user (CM4, MS11) transform an intention (CM1) into a message adequate for a receiver user (CM8, MS12), a message which in a way it can remove from the author to the receiver. For any person the best way to communication is the language he knows better. To communicate with a person you must transform the intentions (CM1), expressible in maternal language, in different messages for different categories of users. The author of the message must know the receiver (CM8, MS12) and his ability of understanding and react to messages. If the variety of receiver's targets of message is big the author must leam to communicate with each category, to transform his intention into a big variety of messages suitable to each receiver. The object of invention is to contribute at the improvement of communication by a method of transforming of the messages in and from a standard format called content expression (MS6). The messages obtained called conventional messages are transformed in content expression messages by a process called formal understanding using a processing unit, part of a system. The content expression messages are transformed in conventional messages by a process called message generation (MS5). The transform processes are distributed in rational way at the sender and receiver such as the part of transformation specified to each user doesn't interest more the correspondent user and that way the communication between a big variety of users can be done easiest. Each user is assisted by a device dedicated capable to transform specific conventional messages from and in content expression messages.
Next for VAR01 follow the expose of invention. Up next is describing the method of transforming messages as is claimed. The method has more software components, which transform messages using information from a knowledge base (MS3, MS7). Those components are:
• The module of formal understanding (MS4)
• The module of dedicate conventional message generation (MS5)
• The module of dialog administration (MS9)
• The module for knowledge base administration
• Modules of administrate communication with the user dedicate by dedicated conventional messages
• Modules for administrate communication with others users by using content expression messages
• Modules for administration of communications with the system by dates in any digital format.
The system has a knowledge base (MS8) from which parts dedicated (MS3) are distributed at the users.
The knowledge base is created and developed beginning with collections of messages analyzed by some users, called teacher users by a process called assisted formal understanding. After the analysis results the components of the message and the semantic values for each message and parts of the (ML1, ML2...ML7)sets elements and (RL1,
RL2, RL13)relations . The assisted formal understanding process is intended to collect necessary information as the system, using that information, to be able to transform the analyzed messages and similar messages in content expression messages and reverse.
For the analyzed messages are collect knowledge necessary to the automatic analysis, entities, properties, connections, questions on which respond for being utilized of module for dialog (MS9).
For communication the method transforms a message (MS2) of the author user (MS11) in message content expression (MS6) message which is transmitted at the receiver user/users.
At the receiver (MS 12) the message content expression is transform in dedicated message. The knowledge bases at users (MS3) contain part of the system knowledge
base (MS8). The distribution of the knowledge base provide the usual necessary to each user. The communication with the system, for each user assistant, provide the extension of the messages transformation ability, understanding, dialog generation, at the totality of messages known by the system but less utilized of each user in part.
Follow for VAR01 the advantages of solution. The method presents the advantage of simplified the problem of communication by distribution of necessary knowledge to the transformation of messages at dedicated users, each of one having part of what is useful frequently*
The formal understanding like the human understanding is a large diversity of patterns recognition but distribution of knowledge reduce the processing complexity and improve the quality of result. The users will be able to communicate with a big variety of persons and/or apparatus thanks to the fact that author is not under the necessity of built a specific message for each kind of user because the message expression content which he assures with the help of the method can be transformed thanks to the system in messages for each user supported by the system.
Next to VAR02 follow the presentation of technical problem. The communication between two entities, persons, apparatus, software components refers to entities, properties, actions at least partial known of the ones who communicate. They have in common knowledge and the communication do reference to this knowledge. Common knowledge can be recorded and organized; the same can be recorded and organized the messages and parts of messages' utilized in connection with that common knowledge. Units which communicate use messages which subdue to some conventions and by that reason ware catted here, conventional messages. The messages, to catch up from a user to another, must have a material shape which can be transported between them. Can be an electromagnetically wave, sound, can be a piece of paper caring of message, a data media, a signal from a by a cable connection, etc. The conventional message can be an image, a sound, a text, any ensemble of numerical dates, actions of keys, touches, etc. For the computers, apparatus have developed ways of communication with the human, interfaces human machine but mostly those interfaces solicit effort form human to understand how to be used. The proposition follows to improve the human machine communication, by using conventions and knowledge how much is possible from the regular collection obtained in the scholarship system. Communication between persons is conditioned of knowledge and language. The method propose himself to assure communication between persons by transformation of messages on the understood of communication users.
Next for VAR02 follow the expose of invention. The system consists in a knowledge base system (MS8) developed from collections of messages (ML1) for which the system is provided to assist the communication, collection of messages and elements of messages (EL1...EL7) which allows to express the same content for a diversity of users (MS1) persons, apparatus, software components, for Which the system is provided to assist the communication. The system is provided with ways which to allow the dates processing for create, develop, maintain and exploit the knowledge base and other program components. The system is provided with a method (MS4, MS5, MSθ) utilized at the transformation of messages in and by usual conventional messages by and in conventional content expression messages. The system components are distributed in physical unities with different functions, A centra) component for the main knowledge base which assure the integrate character of the system. Some components are users dedicated apparatus , devices for the communication assisting.
Optional the system contain node of communication provided to assist of user dedicated apparatus then when those need more knowledge. Communication node are provided also as intermediary for the communication between users. All the physical unities of the
system are provided with means to communicate between them using data communication, in particular dates representing content expressions, messages changed between users. The apparatus for users are provided to communicate with those by specific messages to those users' dedicated conventional messages and to transform those messages in content expression messages with or without being assisted of user and/or system. The messages content expressions are references combinations to messages and elements, like codes, defined in the knowledge base.
Follow for VAR02 the advantages of solution. The system provide a universal way of communication for persons and apparatus, provide one interface human machine for each person, interface which allows him to communicate with any apparatus equipped with assisting device for the communication by using proposed system. The system provide a way for communication between persons which spokes different languages or have different levels of knowledge.
Follow for VAR03 the presentation of technical problem. A system provided to assure between person apparatus persons with apparatus using like way of communication a type of standard message, called content expression message, requires a device to transform messages from and in regular message from and in content expression message. This device is different for the type of user, person, apparatus, computers, adapted to the way the user is already provided to communicate.
Next to VAR03 follow the expose of invention. The apparatus for the assisting of communication consists of modules means for: Communication with dedicated user Transforming of the regular user conventional message to content expression message
• Communication with other apparatus by using content expression messages « Content expression messages transformation to regular conventional messages for the assisted user
• Memory for programs and dates
• Processor
• The knowledge base for the assisting of activity of the program modules
• Ways for program and data transfer
• Source of power
We'll call all the apparatus provided to communicate by content expression, Content Expression Communication Assistants Apparatus (ACCE).
Content Expression Commtirrlcatton Assistants Apparatus (fig.7) is provided to commurϊcate with the destined user (MS1) in the regular way specific to the user; is provided to communicate with the system from which is part or directly with others similar apparatus which serve the recipient message users (MS12) or messages authors (MS11) by using content expression messages (MS6). The software and a local knowledge base (MS3) integrated in the system knowledge base (MS8) is provided to implements the formal understanding that is conventional messages transformation to content expression message. The way used to extract local knowledge base from system is provided to assure the same content expression by using apparatus as using system knowledge base. The local base of knowledge is provided to contain all is necessary for transform a messages subset from the set of system knowledge base messages, subset selected by the user needs,
The apparatus ability can be extended over to what local knowledge base can using services done by the system destined to the apparatus in special situations when the local base of knowledge, is not sufficient for the resolving of the problem of transformation of messages. An apparatus dedicated to a person Is provided with means to be training to communicate how much efficient with his master by setting of new conventions between user and apparatus, conventions which allows the definitions of some short messaged for
frequent communication.
Follow for VAR03 the advantages of the solution.
The apparatus for the communication assisting attows to some users humans, machines and apparatus to communicate in the same system. A person assisted by an apparatus can improve his communication by training personal apparatus to cover his needs. For the communication with new users the effort of the person is minim because he create the same messages for any receiver for the same content.
Follow for VAR04 the presentation of technical problem. Human understanding implies collections of knowledge same of them are general recognized and others are knowledge, personal "truths" depends on training, culture, faith, self knowing, evolution in time of the personal knowledge, Let consider someone translating a fiction book. There are characters acting as result of how they understand. Each one have a personal knowledge collections but them belong to characters categories and that, somehow, help us to be able to predict how they understand and act To understand how characters react as the result of receiving a message need to know that character and/or belonging category.
A book can be a message about characters and events; translation requires the understanding of the content which implies to understand like human to understand characters motivation for what they are doing.
Follow for VAR04 the expose of invention. The system according fό the invention is provided to allow the keeping, development and the use of subsystems of knowledge for different characters, and characters categories. The system is provided to process formal understanding of any character messages by using the category/character associate knowledge subsystem.
Follow for VARQ4 the advantages of the solution. Provide a solution for the human understanding modeling which makes possible the training of the systems using knowledge from books, the largest knowledge collection.
Follow for VAR05 the presentation of technical problem. Many projects develop and use bases of knowledge. Knowledge after the formulation of Plato is "justified true belief. Some knowledge are "justified true belief for anyone" some are "justified true belief someone". What is "justified true belief for anyone" it can be built as a universal knowledge base to be use by large variety projects. That means to build sets of messages, parts, entity and definitions that can be used by people and computers to recognized the elements of sets.
Follow for VAR05 the expose of invention.
The system used to build the universal knowledge base and universal semantic values encoding use the formal understanding and assisted formal understanding to build a knowledge base by using selected messages like books records and others. For the assurance of stability the chosen materials besides the fact that will have a value universal recognized they will have a stable fixed shape for assure the stability of definitions for the elements which used the address of elements in the message.
Follow VAR05 the advantages of the problem. The invention offers a solution easy fό use for the knowledge representing.
Follow for VAR06 the presentation of technical problem. The translation is important to assure the access at information knowledge and cultural values for persons who spoke different languages. Translation is a costly activity and implies many times the solution of the same problems in many ways or by a translator or by different translators. Using the computer for translations is known but results aren't so better like in case of translations made by translator. It is stated that this thing will be resolved once with the problem of understanding of natural language by the computers. The proposed method of formal understanding is intended to solve the natural language understanding by convert
messages to content expression messages.
Follow for VAR06 the expose of invention. The system according to the invention is provided with a knowledge base having knowledge about subjects of works to be translated and knowledge regarding the systems of specifics languages from and in which is made the translation. Knowledge are used to create a content expression message transformed from the text to be translated by using formal understanding. The content expression message is then transformed to conventional messages specifics to the destination languages. The system use known methods like scanning to transform original paper in ensemble of digital dates for the module of formal understanding and to transform the translations in format useful by the human, the like print or displayed by a screen.
Follow for VAR06 the advantages of the solution. Assures a better quality of translation by the implementation of translation scheme message_language1->content_ expression _message-> message_language2, where:
• Message_language1->content_ expression ...message represents the understanding of the message
• Content., expression _message-> messageJartguage2 represents message generating for a given content.
Follow for VAR07 the presentation of technical problem. Next it will be described the problem of self training for which the invention proposed is expecting to bring improvements. There are known methods of self training based on multimedia material or on informatics products. Training in a new unknown subject, implies to learn about new and specific entity to be able to recognize the concepts and generate messages about that concepts, ability to solve specifics problems in the area of subject. For someone new in the subject to be capable to learn alone a system will be helpful if it can do what a teacher use to do.
Follow for VAR07 the expose of invention. The system according to the invention has a knowledge base built by using trying subject messages, like manuals, resolved problems collections, glossary of terms all transformed by assisted formal understanding. The knowledge base contains also what is necessary for built and understand messages for target users, the student. At the request of the user the system create messages to expose the discipline of study using specifics messages to the user and specifics messages to the discipline. The system is provided to ask questions and to evaluate the answers. Also the system is provided to answer to questions exploiting the connections in the knowledge base. The system is provided to communicate with the user by using one or more channels like sound, image, mechanical actions.
Follow for VAR07 the advantages of the solution. It is offered a assisted learning method which can be integrated in a universal knowledge system and can be personalized for different user man or computational system.
Follow for VAR08 the presentation of technical problem. The development of informatics system project is a process that have to develop messages which represents procedures to be executed by computers, procedures that are provided to make computes to be able to resolve problems from a collection for which the project was created. The project is developed by a team, is an ensemble of modules which communicate, work together and interact with the system, an application expected to be used by different persons. Application development and exploitation, all depends of a good communication between a big diversity of persons and project components. Complexes projects require multilingual, multidisciplinary teams where the communication is an element which determines the cost and the quality of the project.
Follow for VAR08 the expose of invention. The method according to the invention consists in development of the project concomitantly with a knowledge base in which the
parts of project are messages which have been passed throw a process of assisted formal understanding following results elements and relations including semantics values. The messages included in the knowledge base are as well the modules of programs and dates necessary to the functioning and documentation for the team of projection and for the categories of users of the project. The system using the knowledge base is provided to assure an efficient communication between the peoples and computers implicated in the project during development and exploitation.
Follow for VAR08 the advantages of the solution. The method and the system assures the integration of common knowledge to the parts interested in the project, both knowledge about the development and exploitation, knowledge of informatics technology, how application can be used and knowledge regarding the way in which those knowledge are converted to specific messages for all categories of users, interested in that project. Storing the knowledge will help others projects to be developed more efficient and with a better quality result
Follow for VAR09 the presentation of technical problem. Operating systems mostly are accepting of practice in which the identity of the elements and the address where those can be find are mixed tip. A file is recognized by name of file and his place in the files system. Name of file or his content can be changed and in that way the functioning of the system can be compromise. We assume that the idea of replace the identity of one element with the address where is placed was determined at the beginning of information technology for efficiency reason. Mostly the computers are used by choosing an option from a menu and his activation. The option can displayed like being something else that is in re ajity. The activation of ψ service by option mean? the launching of a module of program usually identified by his address, an that way it can, purposeful or not, to do something that is not expected by the user. Applications services are suggested by messages with a content decided by designer or by someone who conduct a computer system attack. By communication with content expression content can be transformed in many way to be performed, which must to lead to the same solutions as the answer at the content of the request.
Follow for VAR09 the expose of the invention. Next it is presented the operation system based on content expression messages as the way of communication between the modules. According to the method a knowledge base is developed containing messages and derived elements used in the communication between application modules. By assisted formal understanding in the knowledge base are included elements which correspond at the semantic of the messages and at the pats of message such as corresponding messages used in different technologies, programming languages, libraries of modules. Also in the knowledge base are included for the content of the messages, and messages for people in the natural languages for which the system is provided. Operation system according to the invention will be provided to replace partially the usual communication way between modules of program by method vising the content expression messages. For that purpose can be developed program modules which understand and generate content expression messages or by providing interface modules which transform in and from the usual messages for existing programs from and in content expression messages. The solution is provided to assure alternative solutions for the requests resolving for rise the security and the stability of the system. The solution is meant to resolve to the φσmmvrπcatrøπ yyjth the pfrfΦπ w?βT5 using s system with tfre same knowledge base which integrate the knowledge from the system with ones from different categories of users and way they express the same collection of messages.
Follow for VAR09 the advantages of solution. The solution proposed allows the develop of an operation system much safer, much reliable, much easier to use by the human without special training.
Follow for VAR10 the presentation of technical problem. The search in the Internet is based mostly on indexes of key words. A request of search will receive like an answer references to documents in which exists keys words or a part of them. A request has a semantic value and the answers can contain the words from request but to have no connection with the request semantics. A system built modeled human understanding is expected to understand the document on the Internet and to be able to index them by the semantic content which to be used in the search.
Follow for VAR10 the expose of invention. The system according to the invention customize the system for the assisting of communication by developing and using a suitable knowledge base for the human understanding and for accomplish and indexed the documents on the Internet belonging to collections for which is meant the search engine.
Follow for VAR10 the advantages of solution. Search based on semantic indexing respond better to the purpose when a topic is to be find.
Variants of the invention can now be described below, more specific, on the way of examples with references at the attendant drawings in which:
• Fig.1 Messages, messages parts sets of and other sets which derive from firsts mentioned in the process of "The conventional message formal understanding".
• Fig.2 Relations between the the sets elements used in the process of "The conventional message formal understanding".
• Fig.3 Relations between messages with the same content but different expressions belonging to different conventions systems.
• Fig .4 Semantics formulas expression and content.
• Fig.5 Mathematic formula image messages examples o, with message parts and expressions.
• Fig.6 Schematic presentation of the communication process
• Fig.7 Schematic representation of assisted communication method
• Fig.8 Scheme, method used for assisted formal understanding like way of knowledge base creation and development
• Fig.9 Scheme, method used for subject based assisted learning
• Fig.10 The messages structure is a tree structure with expression on nodes that can be, at their turn, treated like messages.
• Fig.11 The general scheme for succession of the processing steps used by formal understanding, module of the assisted communication message transforming method
• Fig.12 Image document message example, and tables parts from message
• Fig.13 Image document message example, and tables parts from message
• Fig.14 The fig. 12 and 13 documents details.
• Fig.15 The fig. 12, 13 and 14 document, parts and expressions details. The elements which appear in the figures are: messages set (ML1); messages parts set (M L2); expression forms set (ML4); content forms set (ML5); entities set (ML6); semantic values set (ML7); expressions set element (EL3); message - message parts relation (RL1); messages parts - entity relation (RL3); messages parts - content form relation (RL2); content form - semantic value relation (RL4); entities, as parts of content expression messages,- semantic value relation (RL5); messages parts - expression relation (RL6); expressions - expression form relation (RL7); expressions, as part of messages, - semantic value relation (RL8); expression form - semantic value relation (RL9); message part - entities relation (RL10); semantic values set element (EL7); expression-entity relation (RL11); expression form- content form relation (RL12); message-semantic value relation (RL13); conventions system, C++ language
space, expressions subdivision (SP1); conventions system, Romanian language space, expressions subdivision (SP2); conventions system, English language space, expressions subdivision (SP3); conventions system, local, space expressions subdivision (SP4); expression forms set element (EL4); content forms set element (EL5); entities set element (EL6); expression space (SPE); content space (SPC); expression formula (FOE); expressions set (ML3); message parts set element (EL2); expressions set element (EL3); mathematic formula message (M11); messages set element (EL1); intention (CM1); expression (CM2); effect, result (CM3); message source, the one who produce the message (CM4); message generator (CM5); knowledge base (CM6); message understanding (CM7); message receiver, the one who receive the message (CM8); message transfer (CM9); user, message author (MS11); user, message receiver (MS12); message input (MS 13); message output (MS14); content expression transfer (MS15); ML1 ... ML7 sets (ML1 ... 7); user communication assisting apparatus (MS1); dedicated conventional message (MS2); dedicated knowledge base (MS3); formal understanding module (MS4); message generation module (MS5); content expression (MS6); knowledge base administrator (MS7); derived from messages, knowledge base (MS8); dialog module (MS9); study subject dedicated messages (MS10); RL1 - RL13 relations (RL1 ... 13); content formula (FOC); M23 message part (MG1); M22, foreign language text, image message, (MG2); M21, table image message, message, (MG3); M23, foreign language character, image message (MG4); table column head (MG5); table cell (MG6); M23, message part, detail (MG7); base element one (MG8); base element zero (MG9); M23 message part (MG10); message part address expression (MG11); message part subdivision (MG12); processing steps (STEP_1, ... STEP_12); document image message (M01); P02, M01 message part, as expression (E02); M01 message part (P02); P03, M01 message part, as expression (E03); M01 message part (P03); P04, M01 message part, as expression (E04); M01 message part (P04); E02 message part (P05); E02 message part (P06); E03 message part (P07); E03 message part (P08); E03 message part (P09); E03 message part (P10); E02 message part (P11); E02 message part (P12); E03 message part (P13); image document message (M21); P22, M21 message part, as expression (E22); M21 message part (P22); expression for , P23, M21 message part (E23); part of M21 message (P23); P24, M21 message part, as expression (E24); M21 message part (P24); E22 expression, message part (P25); E22 expression, message part (P26); E22 expression, message part (P27); E23 expression, message part (P28); E23 expression, message part (P29); expression in the E02 message (E05); expression in the E02 message (E06); expression in the E03 message (E08); expression in the E03 message (E09); expression in the E02 message (E10); expression in the E02 message (E11); part of message from the E06 expression (P14); part of message from the E08 expression (P15); P17, part of message, subdivision (P16); E08 expression, message part (P17); expression in the E22 message (E27); expression in the E05 message (E28); expression in the E28 message (P30); P16, part of message, subdivision and corresponding binary digits (E41, E42, E43, E44); expression in the E02 message (E05); E05 message part (P051); E05 message part (P052); E05, expression message, subdivision (E053); P051 , message part, subdivision (P053); E05, expression message, subdivision (E054); P051 , message part, subdivision (P054); expression in the E02 message (E06); E06 message part (P061); E06 message part (P062); E06 message part (P063); expression in the E22 message (E25); E25 message part (P251); E25 message part (P252); E25 message part (P253);
The list, figures and the contained elements ordered by figures: FG1:(ML1, ML2, ML3, ML4, ML5, ML6, ML7, EL1 , EL2, EL3, EL4, EL5, EL6, EL7, RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8, RL9, RL10, SPE1 SPC); FG2:(RL1 , RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8, RL9, RL10); FG3:(EL1, EL3, EL4, EL5, EL6, EL7, RL11, RL12, RL13, SPE, SPC,
SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4); FG4:(EL1, EL3, EL4, EL5, EL6, EL7, SPE, SPC, FOC, FOE); FG5:(ML2, ML3, EL1, EL2, EL3, M11); FG6:(EL1, CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, CM5, CM6, CM7, CM8 , CM9); FG7:(MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4, MS5, MS6, MS7, MS8, MS11, MS12, MS13, MS14, MS15, ML1 ... 7 , RL1 ... 13, FOC); FG8:(MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4, MS5, MS6, WTS7, MS8, MS9, ML1 ... 7 , RL1 ... 13, FOC); FG9:(MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4, MS5, MS6, MS7, MS8, MS9, MS10, ML1 ... 7 , RU ... 13, FOC); FG10:(MG1, MG2, MG3, MG4, MG5, MG6, MG7, MG8, MG9, MG10, MG11); FG11:(STEP_1 ... STEPJI2); FG12:(M01, E02, P02, E03, P03, E04, P04, P05, P06, P07, P08, PU9, P10, P11, P12, P13); FG1~3:(M21, E22, P22, E23, P23, E24, P24, P25, P26, P27, P28, P29); FG14:(E05, E06, E08, E09, E10, E11, P14, P15, P16, P17, E27, E28, P30, E41, E42, E43, E44); FG15: (E05, P051, P052, E053, P053, E054, P054, E06, P061, P062, P063, E25, P251 , P252, P253); The list elements in figures ordered by elements and figures: CM1:(FG6); CM2:(FG6); CM3:(FG6); CM4:(FG6); CM5:(FG6); CM6:(FG6); CM7:(FG6); CM8 :(FG6); CM9 :(FG6); E02:(FG12); E03:(FG12); E04:(FG12); E05:(FG15, FG14); E053:(FG15); E054:(FG15); E06:(FG15, FG14); E08:(FG14); E09:(FG14); E10:(FG14); E11:(FG14); E23:(FG13); E24: (FG13); E25:(FG15); E27:(FG14); E28:(FG14); E41:(FG14); E42:(FG14); E43:(FG14); E44:(FG14); EL1:(FG5, FG4, FG3, FG1); EL1:(FG6); EL2:(FG5, FG1); EL3:(FG5, FG4, FG3, FG1); EL4:(FG4, FG3, FG1); EL5:(FG4, FG3, FG1); EL6:(FG4, G3, FG1); EL7:(FG4, FG3, FG1); FOC:(FG9, FG8, FG7, FG4); FOE:(FG4>; M01 :<FG12); M11:(FG5); MG1: (FG10); MG10:(FG10); MG11 :(FG10); MG2:(FG10); MG3:(FG10); MG4:(FG10); MG5: (FG10); MG6:(FG10); MG7:(FG10); MG8:(FG10); MG9:(FG10); ML1_7 :(FG9, FG8, FG7); ML1:(FG1); ML2:(FG5, FG1); ML3:<FG5, FG1); ML4:(FG1); ML5:(FG1); ML6:(FG1); ML7: (FG1); MS1:(FG9, FG8, FG7); MS10:(FG9); MS11:(FG7); MS12:(FG7); MS13:(FG7); MS14:(FG7); MS15:(FG7); MS2:(FG9, FG8, FG7); MS3:(FG9, FG8, FG7); MS4:(FG9, FG8, FG7); MS5:(FG9, FG8, FG7); MS6:(FG9, FG8, FG7); MS7:(FG9, FG8, ¥Q7); MS8: (FG9, FG8, FG7); MS9:(FG9, FG8); P02:(FG12); P03:(FG12); P04:(FG12); P05:(FG12); P051:(FG15); P052:(FG15); P053:(FG15); P054:(FG15); P06:(FG12); P061:(FG15); P062: (FG15); P063:(FG15); P07:(FG12); P08:(FG12); P09:(FG12); P10:(FG12); P11:(FG12); P12:(FG12); P13:(FG12); P14:(FG14); P15,(FG14); P16:(FG14); P17:(FG14); P23: (FG13); P24:(FG13); P25:(FG13); P251:(FG15); P252:(FG15); P253:(FG15); P26:(FG13); P27:(FG13); P28:(FG13); P29:(FG13); P30:(FG14); STEP_1 ... STEP_12:(FG11) RL1 _13:(FG9, FG8, FG7); RL1:(FG2, FG1); RL10:(FG1); RL10:(FG2); RL11:(FG3); RU 2: (FG3); RL13:(FG3); RL2:(FG2, FG1); RL3:(FG2, FG1); RL4:(FG2, FG1); RL5:(FG2, FG1); RL6:(FG2, FG1); RL7:(FG2, FG1); RL8:(FG2, FG1); RL9:(FG2, FG1); SP1:(FG3); SP2: (FG3); SP3:(FG3); SP4:(FG3); SPC:(FG4, FG3, FG1); SPE:(FG4, FG3, FG1)
Next It is given first example of application for explaining the system. The communication is important and his improvement can help mostly where multidisciplinary, multilingual and multicultural teams are involves. Communication can be described using the scheme from fig.6. In the figure the elements are: intention (CM1); expression (CM2); effect (CM3); message source, the one who produce the message (CM4); message generator (CM5); knowledge (CM6); message understanding (CM7); message receiver, the one who receive the message (CM8); message transfer (CM9); Somebody or something called here actor in communication, message source (CM4) wants, have an intention (CM1), to determine an effect (CM3) to an actor in communication called here message receiver (CM8). The source generate (CM5) a message (CM2), which is something that can be transferred (CM9) from source to destination. The receiver understands the message (CM7) and the follow effect can be the one desired by the source of the message. Learning can be one of communication objectives and the desired effect is the knowledge transfer to the receiver. A major communication difficulty is the fact that the message author must have enough knowledge about receiver, about what and how understand, and how react, for create a suitable message which to
produce the expected effect. Invention is destined to offer a solution to simplify communication from that point of view, by that the source is assisted to create a standard message which is unique for a certain intention of the author, a message called content expression.
The message is vehicles which transports content and generally speaking are lots of vehicles, to be used for the same content, called here expressions. The method, according to the invention, is provide to modeling the process of understanding on computers like by a data processing called here formal understanding, which consists in message content recognition and to built an standard expression with the same semantic value, for the same semantics messages, no matter how them are expressed, Communication according to the invention it is presented schematic in fig.7. The elements from the figure, plus other elements used in the describing, are presented in table 1 TABLE 1
The process assisted by the system works as described below: (MS1, MS11) introduce a message on the device using input interface (MS13), the device use formal understanding (MS4) to generate content expression (MS6), next the content expression is transferred (MS15) at the part from the system which assist the receiver, then from content expression is transformed in dedicated message for the reviver user by the process of message generating (MS5) which by using output interface (MS4) is make accessible by the user (MS12). The formal understanding and message generating processes (MS4) (MS5) are dates processing assisted by a knowledge base derived by selected sets of messages called initial messages. The knowledge base is structured like in fig.1 being constituted from sets and sets elements relations.
Next, by the second example, is presented the way used for the knowledge base creation. Starting by selecting messages collection to be used. Then the sets elements and set elements relation will be identified. The sets are: messages set (ML1), messages parts set (ML2), expressions set (ML3), expression forms set (ML4), content forms set (ML5), entities set (ML6), semantic values set (ML7), messages set element (EL1), messages parts set element (EL2), expressions set element (EL3), expression forms set element (EL4), content forms set element (EL5), entities set element (EL6), semantic values set element (EL7), message - parts messages relation (RL1), parts messages - content form relation (RL2>, parts messages - entity relation (RL3), content form - semantic value relation (RL4), entities as parts of content expression messages- semantic value relation (RL5), parts messages - expression relation (RL6), relation expressions - expression form (RL7), expressions, as part of messages, - semantic value relation (RL8), form expression - semantic value relation (RL9), message part entities relation (RLIO).
From a initial messages collection, like c column tab.2, messages parts, e column, are identified. Between messages are distinguished original messages, lines 1 and 2 and derived messages, lines 3...8. The message parts set elements can be defined by, using the message identity the and the the part in the message place. In the table the parts message are defined, just for the that explanation, by the string of characters of each part. That way of defining part of message can't be used exclusively because, large messages contain more than one part of message using the same character strings. Defining the message parts means, here, too establish of the identity associated at the definition, as in the example <p22:=fopen(> where p22 is identity of message part defined by character string between ':' and '>'. TABLE 2
Next using tab. 3. are defined expressions set elements (EL3) like sequences of characters, so to each characters string an expression code is associated, a pattern
consist of 'e' followed by a unique number for any distinct string.
The 'a* column tab.3 contains messages parts and column "b1 corresponding expression. That way the table, presents the relation between message parts and expressions. TABLE 3
Table 4 presents the entities identified in messages. The 'a' column contains messages parts and the code as identity of entity, 'b' column and an explication on 'c' column. Between part of message and entity, a and b columns, exists the RL10 relation as it can be seen in the fig. 1 and fig. 2. To recognize the entity it is important his definition. The proposed method uses many alternative definitions which must be understood and different users categories (MS1) can be able to use them . A way to build a definitions is like "the entity represented by the semantic of the message part pxx", where 'pxx' is the identity of the message part. That definition can function for persons and that thing can be demonstrated on examples with persons which understand those examples. Those persons will be able to identify identically entities like being the semantic of some parts built by expression identical or not. TABLE 4
Table 5 presents the forms which determine the messages from examples. Column 'a' contains the code of message, references to the elements (EL1) from the ML1 set. Column 'b* contains a reference to the semantic value for the messages. Column 'c' contains the messages which in ensemble and in parts are expressions and combinations of expressions. The messages are dedicated to some categories of users which know and understand the used conventions system. The system of convention is given in the column *d\ Those are: programming language C++ (SP1), Romanian language (SP2), English language (SP3), local conventions system (SP4). In the column 'e' are presented the form which can generate the messages from the column 'c', by substituting the parameters noted with x1, x2, x3, and x4. Forms are identified by set elements (ML4) codes, T column. Expression forms for the same content have in common, the type of relations between parameters, number of parameters and relations, form and parameters assembly relation with the same semantic message value. All those together constitute specification for the content form FG1 'g' column. We can write the formula S (f, x1 , x2, x3, x4, x5). This formula results from the family of semantic functions V= S (f, x1...) which it is read: The semantic value of the expression determined with the form f with parameters x1 ... is V. If f is replaced with a expression form reference and x1, x2 ... with expressions references, then result an expression formula. TABLE 5
Tab. 6 present the formula corresponding to messages.
Particularly we understand, by reference, the element code or something that can replace an element by convention.
TABLE 6
We can see the relations between sets elements as are represented by the fig. 2 and tab.
7.
TABLE 7
Relations between forms and parameters are represented in fig.3 and fig.4. Those relations are: expression-entity relation (RL11), expression form- content form relation (RL12), message-semantic value relation (RL13). The entities set elements, content forms set subsets of, semantic values with the relations between them are elements of the content space (SPC) where the knowledge are represented by content expressions. Expressions and the expression forms are the elements of expression space (SPE). The same content formulas can have in correspondence many expression formulas belonging to different conventions systems subdivision of expressions space. Users are also categorized by conventions systems which they use and understand. Between expressions formulas and message transforming is making by using addresses which establish the place of parameters in expression and are part of the expression form specifications of. In the example "I want to buy red apples and green tomatoes" expressed in Romanian language it is used the same word for 'red' and 'tomatoes', That expression is once the object in a form O has the property P" and once the property in the same form used for other message part.
Specification for that form ruled the place of object and property that is to be used to generate message from formula. The tables and examples show how understanding of initial messages (MCI) and transformed messages can produce a result that can be stored and organized.
The building a knowledge base that way is transferring the knowledge from teacher user to system. Teacher user (UTP) is the one who participate and validate the ML1...ML7 sets
construction and as well the inter elements sets relations. This process, which constitute more pattern recognitions and classifications, we called him interactive formal understanding (IFI). The transferred knowledge refers to the way in which are built the messages, the conventions, for different categories of conventions and categories of users. Beside the identity of the sets elements and relations, teacher explain in which way he decide in the processes of pattern recognition, what knowledge ware implied, all those together forming message for the documenting of the process of formal understanding (MDP-IF). By using IFI for initial messages and documenting messages MDP-IF produce elements and relations which are registered in the knowledge base. Also the process IFI produces content expressions corresponding to the messages. This process has the purpose to produce enough knowledge to help the system to be able to process the formal understanding, unassisted. The formal understanding module is provided to be able to use , for performing his task, content expressions messages obtained from the MDP-IF messages. In that way the system understanding ability can be developed by training, by developing the knowledge base.
The process of training thus describe is inspired by human training which learn to understand messages, which start with "food", "water", "I am thirsf , and gets to school manuals and specialty treaties in universities and further. That model is important for developing like human understanding , which at his turn, is important if we want that the computers to understand messages wrote by human, to be able to built applications from regular books. The hardware required for the method can be configured using the existing computers with existing input output devices. The system elements, according to the invention, some are distributed to users, some are the core system which is the system knowledge base (BCS), administration and development software, some are communication devices and software. The extraction, from the system knowledge base, of some reduced, dedicated to the users, knowledge base, is a solution which, besides the fact that reduce the volume of information to the what is necessary, reduce too the precessing time for any users by the fact that unnecessary Knowledge are not processed. The module of formal understanding contains a collection of tools for the pattern classification and recognition. In the case of text messages in natural language, expression sets will have words, groups of words. The words classified from more points of view among others, like part of word, like semantic etc. The classifications, introduced in the knowledge base by messages MPD-IF, are exploited by classifications tools and the results, further, serve for decisions in pattern recognition. It is a process which also can be describe by MDP-IF and executed by formal understanding module interpreting content expression. Messages generating is a transforming of content expression, which exploit the relations between the content formulas elements and expression formula elements. The specifications of the expressions forms allows the replacement of the parameters identifiers from the expression formula with corresponding expressions put each one in a right place. Following of a long use of the apparatus dedicated to the user, in time it is cumulate experience, in the local knowledge base, consisting in the communicating personalization, adding of messages created by the user, accumulation of statistic dates regarding the correctness of the process of formal understanding, dates resulted from verifications and confirming. The communication between user and the apparatus which assist him can be improved by using a dialog module (MS9), which allows to the user to confirm formal understanding process steps, to request explications regarding the messages generating, to introduce personals messages and to documents the semantic associated by conventions that him want to set to be used with the personal apparatus, to introduce, and to document messages for system development. The understanding module is the component which process formal understanding is provided to perform more pattern recognition and others operations as a combination and order adequate to
the analyzed message. Among those operations it is mentioned: Parts recognition
The method of base elements zero (MG9) and one (MG8) The method of recognition from expressions The method of recognition subdivision of parts Expressions recognition, entities recognition Expression form recognition Content form recognition entities recognition Sets elements recognition by using elements definition
Messages parts recognition by comparing with elements from expressions set can be inappropriate if the message contains unknown elements. In that case can be useful the method which recognize parts using base elements (MG8, MG9). This method can be useful also to split big and complicated parts. The parts subdivisions recognition will be more appropriate and will reduce the entity number to be recognized. That suppose to split the large part until the subdivisions (MG12) will be simples enough. In fig.10, 14, 15, more levels message discomposed, is presented. Message parts and him subdivisions can be seen as a message and message parts which allows the treating of complicated expressions like messages, in the process of recognition, using expressions derived by splitting message parts. The advantage is that a small number of expressions can serve at the recognition of a large number of combinations. The relative rapport exist between expression and message; that makes possible to use the same kind of tools on more levels. The definition represent combinations of properties which can be determinate each one, using appropriate tools, from properties evaluators category. For example: By consulting the knowledge base we can find the elements x1 and x2 category on which them belongs; that can help us to understand if message x1 x2 can be like x1 property of x2. To belongs mean to have the common properties of the elements from the category. So we can recognize the relation between x1 and x2; the knowledge base consultation can be:
• x2 have the property expressed by x1 , x2
• doesn't have the property,
• we can't known from knowledge base, if x2 have or not the property. Others examples of property evaluators:
• the part of message px is word which start with big letter
• the part of message px is a name of element from x1 class (x1 , object, being, attribute, action, etc.) is a word
• the part of message px is an character image and have the rapport between height and width x1
• the part of message px is an character image which is intersected x2 times by a vertical line positioned at the relative address x1 , expressed in percents from the line text height, measured from the start from the character image
School teaches use such rules which allow us to recognize parts of message, expressions, entities, letters, words, simple images, composed images. Those rules are transmitted to the knowledge base by interactive formal understanding of messages documenting the human understanding process and are to be used by tools provided of formal understanding module. Returning to the example "I want to buy red apples and green tomatoes" we add identity for the message parts "1(11) want(12) to(13) buy (14) red(15) apples(16) and(17) green(18) tomatoes(19) .(20) Original messages is "Vreau(1) sa(2)
cumpar(3) mere(4) rosji(5) si(6) rosji(7) verzi(8).(9)" and use the same expression for 5 and correspond to 15 and 19. In the knowledge base we will find, like, rosιϊ(7) is a name of fruit, of plant, but also a name of color, apples, mere(4) name of fruit, green, verzi(8) name of color. The part of message "red (5) apples (4)" is a sequence of two words, first fruit the second fruit or maybe color between words doesn't exist any signs to show that is a list so it seems to be a name of fruit follow by a name of color, a pattern object-property. The combination, object property, "red (5) apples (4)" and "green (8) tomatoes (7)" must be valid in the knowledge base as a semantic valid combination between form and entity of corresponding content expression. The understanding development is made:
• by adding of new tools, modules to be used by formal understanding
• by specifying new combinations about how to use the existing tools by using the knowledge base, new combinations needed to explain, by assisted formal understanding, the understanding process for some new messages and some new types of messages.
Following is given the third example of accomplish for the persons assisted dedicated apparatus and for the for communication system between persons or apparatus, or persons and apparatus assisting. The individual apparatus consists in an electronic device provided with entries for the user, in particular a combination of one or more input channels like keyboard, microphone, digital cam for image and others. Also the apparatus is provided with combinations of one or more text, image, and sound and others output channels. The apparatus have memory and processor, as well the interface of communication with the computers, which can be USB interface.
For the communication with others users the apparatus is provided either by radio transmission-reception unit, either an interface for cable communication. The device is provided to be charged with software and data as dedicated knowledge base, extracted from the system knowledge base, by the using connection with a computers or data storage media. Throw the connection, the local knowledge base can be upgraded with new knowledge, extracted from the system knowledge base. The apparatus input messages from the owner user, transform them in content expressions, and transmit them to the receiver('s) user or users assertive devices, using known communication solutions, provided to assure the confidentiality and security. The apparatus receive messages from other similar apparatus of others users, as expressions messages, next transform them in user dedicated messages and output it for owner user. The core, central system, with the system knowledge base, is provided to assures the local knowledge basis to stay integrated, as well the messages and content expressions. The core, central system assures the development of the understanding and the messages generating ability for the individual apparatus in the system, by developing the central base of knowledge with new categories of messages for the existing users and for new users. The system assembly development will assure the coherence with him, which allows the keeping of users messages interfaces even if technological is passed to new generations of equipments. The central system is developed by accumulations, which permit a permanent rise to the volume of knowledge, but affect the users only in the measure in which is useful. The users are affected in a much small measure as long everything what is interface is kept adding only what is new and unknown. The applications of the individual apparatus are multiple and they are covered by extending the local knowledge base and, like an improved version, in need, a communication with the system knowledge base, can assist the local operations, understanding, message generating, and dialog, for special situations. Voice entry is provided with ability to learn to recognize mostly the owner user and that will simplify the problem of speak recognition, being about messages and expressions limited to one user, to the content of the local knowledge base. Speech recognition training can be developed by a dialog which start, with yes and no, with
numbers, letters, isolated words, and developed to the continuous speaking using messages from the base of knowledge. The user is invited to pronounce different words and the system learn to classify and to recognize them.
The development of individual apparatus knowledge base is provided to cover the owner user communication needs as a personalization of the input output interface. Technological changes can have consequences to that individual apparatus only if those changes can't be covered by the knowledge already existing in the apparatus and if the users consider that he must extend his communication subjects. The training effort won't be waste by reason of technology change. In a way is like the vehicle, where if you learn to drive you don't need to repeat driver's school for a new car. The individual apparatus can cover the communications needs with humans or apparatus, with audio video domestic equipment, with persons from different corners of the world. The individual apparatus is provided to be able to host particular knowledge offered by different organizations such as international tourism. The tourism company can provide a supplement at the knowledge base which to help you to communicate on the airport, at the hotel, at shopping, etc assisted by personal apparatus.
Continuing is presented an example, fourth example, about how the method and the system of facilitating communication is used for the informatics projects development. An informatics project develops an ensemble of files which, from the method point of view, are conventional messages which has different authors and different receivers. Programs have like receiver computers which by them are instructed to offer certain processing services, established by project specifications. Other categories of files are messages for the project users, which are trained how to request services to the system in the limits of the project specifications. Programmers have also messages about how to use informatics tools for communicate with the system, to use modules developed by others team members. A complex project supposes a muitidisciplinary and possible multilingual team. Also, ideal is that each user to receive the dedicated message, appropriate, adapt at his level of knowledge and needs. Using the method of communication based on transforming messages in content expressions and on generating messages from content expressions using formal understanding, all those communications can be streamlined and improved. The programmer communicates with computers by programs. He is a kind of translator for the rest of the team which can't communicate directly. By using the proposed method, initial source programs messages can be transformed in one or more natural languages messages. On the base of these messages the knowledge base is developed to assure the communication between a nonprogrammer user, assistance of the method, and computers. Even for a programmer the reading of source program can be difficult and a text in source language can be useful. Together with the source programs messages are included in the knowledge base too, the programming language specifications, to be used by formal understanding module.
Continuing is presented the fifth example for the using of the method and communication system for developing, the natural languages understanding, at computers. For the knowledge base development, messages will be texts, paper works, books, prefer available in more languages, translations. Original papers works represents initial messages, paper works translated represents messages transformed which by their choice are mostly carrying of the same content. In tab.8 is presented some messages segment from a novel col. a with messages parts, col. b. For the message parts it was chosen a pattern like: 70:"11_1_4_8:[truth]< >" 70(a):"11 (b)_1 (c)_4(d)_8(e):[truth](f)< >(g)"
Any line contains two parts, one containing string of elements one(f) and next containing string of elements zero(g): message part address (a), sequence number(b),
chapter no(c) line no (d) address in line(e). The message, novel, is constituted from a string of base elements, characters codes, each one bytes for that example. The base elements are classified in elements one (MG8), elements which form parts of message and elements zero( MG9) which separates the parts of message. The data from tab. 8 are obtained with a parts split module which recognizes the parts of message like being a string of base elements one. List of elements one is parts split module parameter. The module used is one from the lot of tools used by the formal understanding module, and the result follow to be processed using others parameterized tools.
In the example from tab.8 col. b, in the string of elements zero, new line and car return, codes 10 and 13 were replaced by the characters #$. That is a way to represent a byte that is not a character by replacing it by a character that is not used. It is a kind of local convention between others that can help to show all messages bytes. After the message split in parts, other tools, will be used to recognize the strings characters of parts between expressions set elements. That tool can be used then when there is a expressions set and all parts of message are finding in there. TABLE 8
Assisted formal understanding is designed so that parts and others sets elements and
relations identification are done by decisions make or validated by the teacher user. As the result of decisions identical words or different, parts of message, can be put in correspondence with the same entity. So a pronoun, a persons name or phrase like a person being in rapport with other person, can be expression for the same entity in relations (RL8) with the same semantic value set element (EL6), a person. Must be noted the fact that a pronoun in the expressions set can be in relations with any person, he can represents potentially any person from the message. That mean it can't be provided an entity code for a word not part of a message like words from regular dictionary. The teacher user can be any person who understand the message, if he know to answers to the questions such as:
• Who is the person quoted in the part of message px?
• What action is about in the part of message px?
• What it is said about px?
By questions classification and suitability, pattern are recognized that are used to express relations between parts of message, between entities which are the semantic of those parts of message. The question "How you can tell that the part of message px represents a certain entity? " is one from the possible questions on which the answer is element of documenting category messages find out by the assisted formal understanding. The grammar manuals and the dictionaries can be used to build the knowledge base to be used by formal understanding in the alike situations when people use them. A natural language is not sets with limited number of words and rules. Words and rules are changed over time. Teaching natural language by using messages, is alike the human model and is justify by the fact that what is learned can be applied on a defined messages set and categories and you can have results, immediately. If you say that the intelligence is 10 millions rules, next questions will be: with which to start? , when will have results? The child knows at the start some words which use them with results. Continuing another example of accomplish, sixth example. The elements from the method of communication are used to build of notions universal encoding systems. A universal knowledge representation can be done if exist a notions universal encoding systems. The major difficulty in accomplish of notions universal encoding systems consists in how to define entity which to be used in the entity recognition process. The proposed method uses the knowledge base and formal understanding, to build and store more definitions for the same entity, to be used by different categories of users, all definitions in relation with the same semantic values set element, using different semantic formula, with the same semantics values. Definitions are formulated stating from collections of documents as, initial conventional messages; a simplest definition can be "the entity ny is the semantic of the part of message px". The initials documents, translated will allow the put into correspondence the messages and the messages parts with the same semantic content and the translations will offer into an another language a similar definition in which ny is the same, but nx represents an another message parts from the translated message. More precision can be assured if the definition refers to the original paper work from which the translation comes.
This kind of definition should reflect the content according to author intention and the teacher user, which assists the formal understanding, must know the message, and if is necessary, the author and the history around message creation. That method has the target to provider reliable definitions, that can be confirmed using assisted formal understanding by more qualified persons. Those definitions can be used by, the one who understand the messages, book, novel etc., and he will recognize the same entity expressed in other way.
Messages used to build the entity encoding system definitions are provided to be kept as knowledge base content witness in the original format that preserve the address of
messages parts. For geographical names can be built reliable definitions as: The geographic element ny with the name px1 in the language px2 situated between the geographic coordinates px3, px4, px5, px6 at the moment px7\ That kind of definition can be translate and the corresponding names in other language can be find. The following presents the seventh example, where the method and the apparatus for communication facility are used for new subject assisted learning. A new study subject comes with new entity and with specific messages which defines and use those entity. Messages used by students to learn the new subjects with the elements and relations are used to build a derived knowledge base for that subject. A user which study the subject can use the apparatus of assisted communication like communicating with a teacher for the studied subject, he put questions, receive answers, about the entities and the messages used for the subject. At the school the student can see and hear. The individual apparatus can offer him image and sound being equipped with proper input output interface and more, can offer him the possibility to request supplementary explications, and by interaction he can adapt the learning process. In the fig.5 is presented the M11 mathematic formula message, message parts (ML2) and expressions (ML3). In the figure 9 is presented schematically the apparatus and the system used for assisted learning. It can be seen a component provided to assure the dialog (MS9).
Continuing for the variants of the invention are presented the examples of accomplish.
Following examples of accomplish for VAR01. Follow a general example for the way of accomplish regarding the formal understanding method. The method is provided to process a numerical data structure called here conventional message, data which come from a source called author user (MS11). The processing is determined by a knowledge base (MS3, MS8) which contains conventions used for to build the messages and knowledge from subject covering the message content. An example of implementation is a knowledge base mainly consists of two tables; articles and links tables. The articles table contain distinct codes for articles and associate definitions. The links table contain two article codes on each entry and a code provided to express relation type. The data from the table are derived from messages. Thus from the messages from the tab. 2 will result articles for the lots ML1, ML2 ... Articles will contain a unique code and associate definitions. For message parts, from text message, definitions can be a message which consists from: form identity, message identity, address of part, length of the part, where:
• The message identity, source of the message part;
• Address, position of first character of part in message string;
• The length of the part in characters;
The others elements from the rest of the sets are defined using statements which contains directly or indirectly parts of message identity. Thus the semantic of a word (EL6) is defined by a message like: the semantic of the part of message x1. That definition can be specified for being used in the analysis of other message like example "apple like in the message <apple is a fruit>". Or another example "deschide fisjer" from the message "Deschide fisierul specificat cu numele NUF, Tn variabila fis, Tn citire text Ia Tnceput.", have the same semantic with "open the file" from the message "Open the file specified by file name NUF, at the beginning, for text reading using the variables fis" and with "fopen" from the message ufis=:fopen(NUF, "rt")". The defining of an expression form is made similar by mentioning a message and the parts which are in relations according to the expression. The relation between an object and a property can be defined like the relation between "house" and "red" from the message "the red house from the corner of the street". The relation are defined also in connection with the questions who, what, which, where, when, questions which make the connections between part or parts of message from the question and part or parts of message from the answer. The questions and answers can
have equivalent in different languages and in that way are recognized equal semantic values for the messages and expressions in different languages. Similar can be spoken about messages of technical draw type, with parts of messages, line segments or circle segments with elements semantic values the dimension line, cylinder etc. The same can . be spoken of image messages representing mathematic formulas or speech messages materialized by a sequence of samples in sound files, noted the fact that identification at their turn defined each one in the articles table. Some codes are known by the tools of the procedure, codes which defines processing, parameters, data types, and these don't need to be defined in knowledge base. Example of codes known by the system will be codes for:
• sets ML1, ML2 ...
• Relations RL1, RL2 ...
• Relation belongs, between element and set or subset
• Types of elementary data
• Numbers
• Characters string
• Data type
• Unsigned 8 bits number
• Signed 8 bits number
• Binary 2 bytes big-endian
• Characters UTF-8
• Characters UCS-2 •
• Operations with numbers
• Operations with rows of characters
The base of knowledge derived from messages M1 , M2 ... tab.2 can be used for to analyze some messages from the same messages category, another combination of forms and expressions elements, combinations which respect the specifications of the form and generate credible content. Thus combinations like "open the file, at beginning, for appending is an impossible action according to the Knowledge about subject. Message can be formulated, understand, but considered mistaken and the user will be asked for other informations. Generally the processing steps are (fig. 11):
• STEP_1 - The message is split in parts using one of the known methods appropriate for messages in the given context.
• STEP_2 - it is created and initialized the work knowledge base BCL with the message which need to be analyzed and the parts of message
• STEP_2-1 for expressions, expressions form, entities, content form, for each one and for each message part, including the message, is created an entry in BCL_ articles; it is assign a distinct code and and create a definition which use corresponding part of message
• STEP_2-2 for all the created elements are added entries in BC_ connections for reflecting the sets and the context in which them belongs; the sets and the context are entries in BC, the existing knowledge base.
• STEP_3 - the expressions from BCL are identified in BC and if are find, the result is registered in the BCL by links BCL_ expression -> BC_ expression
• STEP_4 - initializing BCL elements link to recognized elements in BC; there are created links between the elements BCL and BC using existing relations directly or indirectly as ones RL7, RL8, RL11, RL12, RL13, RL2, RL10, between expressions already recognized in BC and expressions,
expressions form, entities, content form from BC; Those connections are the elements list of possible recognition solutions, in number of 0, 1 or more.
• REG 4.1 are used those relations which create connections with elements from the current context;
• REG 4.2 are retained only the relations which introduce a minim number of possible alternative solutions; at least the relations RL7, RL8 are expected to give more alternative.
• STEP_5 - it is initialized a variable (NM) with 0, for counting changes number
• STEP_6 - it is reevaluated the context for each element and if is possible it is reduced, creating a new connection element context for the new reduced context
• STEP_7 - reevaluating element recognition BCL in BC; at each modification NM is incremented; as result some BCL-BC elements links will be deleted or added
« STEP_8 - reevaluation message split; in need are created new elements parts composed from more parts or by splitting of some parts; to each modification; is incremented NM β STEP_9 - if exist new parts
» STEP_10 - are rebuilt for the new parts the steps 3, and 4; NM will be incremented
• STEP_11 - if NM is different of 0 processing will be continued with STEP_6
• STEP_12 - it is returned the obtained result, the final BCL where message and message parts as expressions and entity were recognized as BC elements.
Follow a particular example for the natural language text understanding. We consider an example "Open the specified file with the name nf, in f1 variable, for binary reading from the beginning". At the general method described in fig.11 , are used proceedings from the knowledge base activated as the context requires. Those proceedings arrive in the knowledge base, if are necessary, once with the assisted. formal_ understanding on one similar messages. English language, activates a proceeding for searching expressions composed by more than a word. This procedure searches if exists in the knowledge base expressions composed by:
• Two words which appear in the message in the same sentence one next to another; is search using the name of the words family for each one from those two words
• Two non consecutive words
• More non consecutive words
• More non consecutive words
If there are appropriate composed expressions corresponding message parts will be replaced by one message part ; some new entry will be created in BCL_ articles for new message part and expression, some entry will be deleted. In our case is expected to find "to open file", composed expression, and its identity, if the knowledge base know about that action. By recognizing the expression "to open the file" the context of the message is restricted to messages which describe the operation of file open describe by the form F2 tab.5. The reduced context at messages with the form F2 allow to recognize the correspondence of the parts of message with parts of the form or with parameter elements using the relations between parts of message and the elements of message formula FOE and FOC, relations like in the lines 3 and 4, tab.5 and tab.6 The results obtained in BCL are the elements recognized in message and materialized by links with the elements from
BC. The content expression of the message will be the content formula FOC with the semantic values parameters (EL7) corresponding of the parameters part of message in FOE. In the example nf and f1 are elements which can be unknown in the base of knowledge but to be the object to some conventions limited in place and time. Those restricted conventions can be about how some elements can be defined and used then forgotten after, outside the limits. The need to define new elements can appear in the middle of a dialog session, the need of new conventions for the session. The id of new elements nf and f1 must be transmitted as part of the content expression by using known elements for the content field of knowledge. This can be done as follows: "the characters string composed of 'f followed by the letter 'n' from the Latin alphabef .
Next example illustrate the executing of a proceeding specified in the knowledge base. We consider the message "Open the specified file by the name nf, using the variable f1 , in binary for reading at the beginning". The procedure refers to the determination of composed parts from two simple consecutive parts.
• STEP_21 it is initialized item analyzed current part reference (PCA) with "first part from message";
• STEP_22 it is initialized the analyzed pair with PCA for word_1 , with the part which follows after PCA for word_2
• STEP_23 it is determined the expression family name for word_1 using the connection "word x1 belong to the family x2" and the definition of the family "family x2 with the name x3"
• STEP_24 it is determined the expression family name for word_2 similar as STEP_23
• STEP_25 following, will be seek an expression composed by two words name_family_1 follow by name_family_2
•
• STEP_26 it is verified if, the found expression, correspond at the current context, meaning that exist, a connection between found expression and a message part, in BC, in current context
• STEP_27 if it was found the expression,
• yes, next step STEP_28
• no, next step STEP_29
• STEP_28 it is created a new entry for BCL_article, for new message part composed by word_1 follow by word_2 with the afferent links, next step STEP_29
• STEP_29 it is incremented PCA next step STEP_22 until all message parts pairs are processed
The variables used in processing are objects, entries in BCL tables which are created and destroyed as required by procedure. The parameters of the procedures are from the BCL, knowledge base. Those procedures are both, conventional message for different categories of users, and content expression message, which can be interpreted and executed like a component provided for for the specified purpose. It follow a particular example regarding the way in which is interpreted and executed a content expression procedure. Content expression is a message of one or more procedural expressions unit, each consist of:
Processing code: processing entity, the set identity, in which the elements are procedures that give the same output for the same input; processing code identify a list of tools that can be used any List of parameters codes, contain
• parameters number
• Parameter 1 identity
• Parameter 2 identity
•
• Parameter n identity
Parameters are articles codes and by using the definitions the value can be localized parameters and data type, and that will allow the replacing of formals parameters with actual parameters.
For processing, if is necessary, entries and definitions, will be created in BCL_ articles. With those information the parameters can be converted as required by the executable program or as required by C source:int call_module_X(int parameters_number, void *parameters_list);
Follow a particular example for the understanding of a message from the C programming language statement, category. We consider "f1=fopen(nf, "wb")"; . Following the general procedure the message is split in parts (STEP_1) using right parameters for C syntax. Thus in the first message split are obtained the parts <f1>, <=>, <fopen>, <(>, <nf>, <,>, < >, <"wb">, <)>, <;>. From the general procedure a particularization in the given context consists in starting with the recognition of special words defined by the language.
For the given example we will find <fopen>which restrict the context at the fopen statement format (F1 , tab.5). In that context <"wb"> is put in correspondence with the parameters x3 and x4. It is necessary that the part <"wbD> to be split in parts <">, <w>, <b>, <"> for determine the expression elements and corresponding semantic values of parameters x3 and x4. Those are operations located at STEP_8.
Follow a general example for the way of accomplish regarding the method assisted_ formal_ understanding used at the building and development of the knowledge base (MS8).
Let be the message M3 from the tab.2 "Deschide fisierul specificat cu numele NUF, Tn variabila fis, Tn citire text Ia Tnceput." (M3). An application which allows the display of a number of windows, as required, is provide to allow the display message, subject of analysis. The application display too sets of buttons tools which allow the activation of some processing. One of the buttons activate the process of message split in parts, using a general method such as the method based on the characters classification like characters used in words and others. The result is displayed into another window, as follow:
<Deschide>(1), < >(2), <fisierul>(3), < >(4), <specificat>(5), < >(6), <cu>(7), < >(8), <numele>(9), < >(10), <NUF>(11) <,>(12), < >(13), <ϊn>(14), < >(15), <variabila>(16), < >(17), <fis>(18) <,>(19), < >(20), <ϊn>(21), < >(22), <citire>(23), < >(24), <text>(25), < >(26) <la>, < >(27), <ϊnceput>(28), <.>(29).
Every message part, displayed is sensitive that mean, a processing can be activate by clicking on it with a specific parameter for each. Others windows will display sets elements also each sensitive. By cliquing tools, message parts, sets elements, a user, which understand the message can formulate messages about links between message parts and the elements already existing, to be stored in knowledge base. Elements from the content domain are posted using definitions built on the base of others messages which already exist in the base of knowledge. For user to be able to chose some elements, definitions have to be also displayed. "Deschid" can be defined like "open" in "open file" from the message M5. In the same way can be posted for being used definitions for all the categories of elements which seams to have a connection with the message. The teacher select the elements from the message and from knowledge base which have between them a relation, click a button for the type of relation and the application will generate a
message like "between the EL2 element <Deschide>(1) and the M3 element exist the relation RL1". That affirmation follows to be confirmed by the teacher. If the message will be confirmed the application will retain the connection in the base of knowledge together with the information who is the teacher, when was the relation introduced in the knowledge base so the knowledge base will store, a fact. In similar way will be introduced in the knowledge base connections and messages which to affirm properties of the elements and procedurals knowledge like in the examples:
• The word (words) from message answer (answers), at the question...as regards the part...
• The word, in message, is a fruit name
• The characters string represents a combination of characters where each has the signification... (as in the case "rf from M1 tab 2)
• The word belongs to the expression ...
For messages part split from the category... is used the procedure ... The procedure... consists of steps...
Follow a general example for the way of accomplish regarding the method assisted, formal .understanding by speaking, dialog Like example the message M3 from the tab. 2 "Deschide fisierul specificat cu numele NUF, Tn variabila fis, Tn citire text Ia Tnceput." (M3). The teacher user dedicated apparatus, receives this message through the microphone and create a sound file. In the first step the message is cut using known methods for pause detecting. It is used a known method for recognize the isolated speech recorded segments and transform them in text. The apparatus reproduce the recognized text message, for being validate, by the user and if necessary the character sequence of text. For the parts of message which weren't recognized, such as, nf and f1 , it is solicited to be again generated this time as isolated segments, isolated words, syllables or letters. For dialog are used messages from which the method can recognize form and parts which are taken from the analyzed message as parameters. The messages define, that way, what the quote represents, the words, the syllables, and the letters or other set element. After the speech to text conversion and validation by user, follow the message text understanding step in which can appear unknown parts for which the system will request explanations. Those explications will be given by the teacher user using known messages provided . Thus, a unknown notion, will be mention like being new, is created a definite article for her, using the part of message from which provide, and specifying the properties through connections at the sets in which are included.
Follow a particular example for content expression transforming in user conventional message (MS5).Lets be, the content expression "S (FG1.n1, n2, n3, n4, n12)" from the tab.6 line 3. Lets be a Romanian speaker user. Using the relations RL11 , RL12, RL13 can be built a message using F2 form, and the expressions e31, e36, e32, e43, e34 where the form and the expressions are elements known by the target user, fact from knowledge base expressed by links between elements and the target user or his category.
Follow a general example for content expression transforming in user conventional message (MS5).For transform a content expression in message for a certain user, are locked the elements, the form and known expressions by the target user using the relations RL11 , RL12, RL13. If can't be find correspondence for each parameter element, it is replaced, the unknown parameter by the user, with a message which defines the entity, using known elements. The definitions are built using entity - semantic formula value relations. The definitions can be existing definitions in the articles table or definitions like: element of the set x1 having properties combinations x2. The properties are expressed as links of type 'belongs' of the element at the some set defined, using that property, as be common for all elements. The properties combination can be expressed as composed
condition which must contain enough parts thus the definite element to be determined
Follow a particular example for the functioning of the dialog module (MS9). Like example the message like M3 from tab2 "Deschide fisierul specificat cu numele nf, Tn variabila f1 , ϊn citire text Ia Tnceput." (M3). The elements nf and f1 wasn't find in the expression set. The program modules are made thus that in situations in which can't decide what way to follow generate a question as content expression message for request the necessary information. That is usual software behavior but the difference consist by the fact that dialog modules produces content expression which can be transformed in expression for any target user. More than this the method is distinguishes by the fact that use the base of knowledge which assures an efficient dialog which can be explained through the elements and links from the the knowledge base (MS8, MS10). The dialog can be determined of procedural knowledge from MS8, MS10. Any time when knowledge are missing the dialog module is provided to ask for them by querying knowledge base or by asking to the user. The dialog is provided for solve situations in which the autonomic functioning is not possible and is provided to request information which to allow the continuing of the processing in progress or to cancel it.
Follow a particular example for the functioning of the dialog module (MS9) for assisted learning in the subject of the Romanian language grammar, the verb. The knowledge base contains exposing of the subject as content expression messages. Those exposing are transformed in messages for the target user. Examples, definitions, questions with answers, questions with answers requests from user's part, are provided to be use through dialog module. The training suppose the appropriation of new notions, their defining, sending to the user the messages which use those new notions and eventually the new words. The module will send to the user known messages but also messages which follow be learned by the user, with necessary explanations. The dialog is managed through questions and answers. The dialog module will be able to respond at the questions by exploiting the links from the knowledge base like ones, between message parts from questions and answers.
Follow a general example for the functioning of the dialog module (MS9). The dialog module is provided to answer to questions using the knowledge from MS8, MS10. The question will be converted to content expression message alike "to find the element x1 which has the properties combination x2". The question is transformed into a knowledge base query of an element defined by the properties combination x2. If no answer for query, is found, the answer will said that. The module in which the properties combination is transformed into a data base query can be combination of transformations defined through content of the knowledge base.
Follow a particular example for the method formal__ understanding used at the understanding of an image. A document page M21 and M01 have the content V21. The messages contain 6 tables on a page.
• M01 - message obtained from M21 through the transforming with message output device (MS14), the printer here, follow by the transforming with entry message device (MS13), the scanner, here.
• M21 - message produced from V21 through the generating message module (MS5).
The content of the 6 tables are: V22, V23, V24, V12, V13, V14 and represents:
• V02 - table with the cell 3c from tab.2
• V03 - list of the words from V02 ordered by images length
• V04 - the Romanian alphabet upper-case letters
• V22 - table with the cell 3e from tab.2
• V23 - list of the words from V02 in the same order as the appearance in message
• V24 - the Romanian alphabet lower-case letters
Different messages with the same content with M01 are obtained through printer (MS14) and scanner (MS13) of images with different resolutions. The analyze, the message understanding, is processed starting with their transforming into a standard reasonable resolution and the reducing of the color number to 2, white and black, monochrome images. The obtained images will contain parts of message corresponding to some different expressions from the same expressions family. Thus P06 and P08 are parts from the expressions family represented by E25, image expression of the word "specificat". Thus P06 and P08 are parts from the expressions family with the representing E25, image expression of the word "specificat". In the message M21, E25 appears many times in different places as different parts of message but all having in correspondence the same expression, so the parts of message and the expression are identical point-to-point. In the message M01 for each word "specificat" are, more distinct parts, links with distinct expressions like E06, E08 which are from family E25, the image of the word "specificat". Formal understanding of the message M21 consists in determining identical expressions in the message parts. For understanding the message M01 point-to-point comparing won't work, so the method is provided to recognize the family of expressions instead of comparing. The expressions E05, E06, E25, E28 are expressions between 64 to 68 points length. Those correspond to the words "Deschide" and "specificat" two elements of distinct value (EL7). For recognize the corresponding content to each expression it is observed what those have in common and what have different (fig. 15). From the whole expression can be chosen message parts details (P14, P15, P17, P30, P061, P062, P063, P251, P252, P253, P051, P052, P053, P054) are known from the knowledge base (MS3, MS8) as those that can be helpful in classifying the expressions and establish of the representing (E25, E28) which determine the value, element corresponding to the content (EL7). A detail is a part of message (expression) defined through coordinates and perimeter. Simple details like (E41 , E42, E43, E44, E53, E54) are divided in elements classes which have in common that allows the determination of the limits image parts. Thus E41 and E43 can indicate a right limit if on the same vertical line doesn't appear details from a category which move the limit to the right, like E44. The expressions E56 and E54 can be represented like binary numbers of 8 bites, 2 lines of 4 bits put in order up line follow by down line. If the result number is less then 128 but greater than 0, the down line of the element can be on the limit of the message part. If the all numbers for elements on the line are less than 128 but at least one element is greater then zeros the line is the up limit. The elements E41 , E42, E43, E44 form binary numbers of 4 bits, 2+2 from left columns follow by right. The value of the numbers can be used to find the left and right limits of the message parts. The words are recognized on the base of some details and the result is checked, if is necessary, by comparing message with image generated from text. The recognition of the words and graphics elements will produce for each, a value element (EL7) or the decision "unknown elemenf . In the case "unknown element' the method is provided to to record the element and his affiliation to the "category new", unknown and to request explanations.
Follow an example for the using of the method formal_ understanding for the speech recognition. Like an example a file containing a speech message as digital recording. The message is cut in portions of equal duration; establish through parameter, of about 5 milliseconds, an equal number of samples. The segments are transformed using the discrete Fourier transform. The obtained result consists into a list of values pairs, amplitude and phase, associate to the frequencies. Those, each one separated, amplitude and phase, are a discrete function having on the horizontal axis the frequency. Those functions are represented graphic like histograms. Once graphic represented the speech message it can be analyzed and recognized the elements in similar way with the image
messages.
Follow accomplish examples for VAR02
An accomplish example of a system destined to assists the persons from a house to communicate with the apparatus consists in: ACEC apparatus assisting commanded through infrared (ACEC-IR) devices, ACEC for each person (ACEC-P) from the house, ACEC devices for the assisting through USB interface (ACEC-USB). All those devices communicate between them directly or through a central station using content expression messages through a short range radio communication, in the house limits. The communication between devices is provided with known ways:
• To prevent interception
• To detect and correct errors
• To authenticate the partner
The apparatus from the house which communicate through IR are adapted for the use in system by mounting in the front of IR sensor of each apparatus of a device ACEC- IR. Personal computers from the house will be ingrates in the system through ACEC-USB. The assisting devices will be adapted to the dedicate user through the charging with software and knowledge for adapt, each of them, to communicate with the dedicated user. Thus ACEC-IR will be adapted to send alike IR messages as which are emits by the remote control as the result of some content expression messages which are sent to him. The ACEC-USB devices is provided to communicate with the computer through USB, using the dedicated conventional messages, to a software module, provided, at its turn, to communicate with the computer applications, and with other assisting devices through content expression messages. Each person which communicate in the system has a ACEC-P provided to assist the user for which is dedicated, through speech in both senses, through the keyboard and sensitive screen, like entry device and through screen like exit device. The content expression messages are from a list of transformed regular messages from dialog between the persons, in the house, and the apparatuses. For each user the messages have an equivalent dedicated conventional message. A knowledge base contains both content expression messages and dedicated conventional messages, and more, contains knowledge which allows the transforming of conventional messages in content expression messages and vice-versa for each user. From the system knowledge base are extracted necessary knowledge to each dedicated device, program modules and dates, that are transferred to the device which is intended. The assisting devices are provided with known ways which allows the numerical dates transfer and those memorizing and installation. Once charged the devices are ready to communicate in the system. The content expression has the format:
• Message starting
• Message shape
• Parameter 1 , •
• Parameter n,
• Message ending
The parameters can be messages which through their semantic value and type respect the specification. The conventional messages used by the persons from the house can be like in the following examples:
• Jack open my television
• Jack I want to see a film on DVD
• Jack close all apparatuses
Jack is used by the person 1 for drawing message receiver, the device which assists him.
Another person, person 2 can use other conventional messages with the same content which will be transformed in the same content expressions:
• Alex open my television in the living room
• Alex, start the DVD player and everything is necessary
• Alex close all the audio-video apparatus
If in the house are coming a guest, those have or receive, a ACEC-P which will be integrated in the system by presenting to the system the new person with attributes rights in the using of the components from the house. If a person comes with ACEP-P that will use already known messages to communicate with his owner, on which are added local conventions through, partial base of knowledge provided for visitors. Those conventions are destined to adapt the apparatus of the new user to the local system, and that to be recognized and the dialog with him to be accepted. If the new person doesn't have a ACEC-P integrated in the system can receive an apparatus from the host which learn to communicate with the new comer throw articulate speaking messages or will communicate throw keyboard and/or touch screen, or through all the channels of his disposition, so to be able to verified and validate the communication quality.
An example of accomplish of a system destined to assist the persons which speak different languages in international tourism. A device of individual assisting (ACEC) assures the communication into a system having knowledge which allows him the transforming of messages specifics to the activities and locations. The tourist own his personal device or receives one for using during he is visitor. For the speech recognition of one foreign person the apparatus is provided to can be training for understand saying words classified on importance and priority levels. Thus the levels will contain words in the visitor language such as the following:
• Level 1 yes/no
» Level 2 numbers 0, 1... 9
• Level 3 alphabet letters
• Level 4 usual words necessary to the daily needs
• ...
Level n words and specific messages to the place and to activities in the present case tourism into a determined place.
The persons, which have a ACEC in the same system with the host organization, have passed throw the phase of training and interactive personalization of the apparatus, but for particular places and activities how is in that case a touristy holiday, receive from the organizer a supplement at the knowledge base, integrated in the system, which allows htm to communicate with persons and apparatus from the vacation's place. For the apparatus training apparatus will display or generate sound, words which the user is invited to repeat. After what the assisting device have learned to recognize, the words on the level 1, 2, 3 a dialog can be used to develop the list of words which are recognized. The words and messages are contained in the base of knowledge from the memory of the device and can be upgraded by data transfer. The content expression messages and the knowledge base are integrated into a system of conventions which assures the keeping of messages content by converting them in and from content expression.
Follow accomplish examples for VAR03
Accomplish examples for user, household appliances that communicate in IR, assisting apparatus (ACEC-IR); For the communication assisting the apparatus will be provided with a two-way short range radio for content expression messages, is fixed in front of the household appliance thus to influence just one apparatus the one which is dedicated. Before being used is charged with the knowledge base which allows him to transform content expression messages in commands for the wave IR source.
Another accomplish example refers to the apparatus for the user person assisting
(ACEC-P). The apparatus can be a PDA, personal digital assistant, which is provided, with voice communication to communicate with the dedicated user and with two-way short range radio to communicate with other apparatus through content expression. The apparatus is provided with software for speech recognition and generation. The communication with the user is made by speech, keyboard and any others regular channels at PDA. The apparatus is provided with ways for the transforming user messages in and from content expression. An ACEC provided to communicate through speaking messages is provided with ways to allows his training for to recognize the speech of his owner. For recognize a new person's speech, the apparatus, is provided to can be trained for understand sounds of words classified on levels of importance and priority. Those levels will contain words in the user language as following:
Level 1 yes/no
Level 2 numbers 0,1... 9
Level 3 alphabet letters
Level 4 usual words necessary to the daily needs
After the apparatus has learn to recognize yes and no he can be command to display or generate as sound, different words and messages which the user have to repeat. The apparatus will try to recognize what the user and convert it to text. In that way is created a dialog for the apparatus training. The apparatus being personal is provided to recognize and react only to the owner voice. The apparatus is provided also to can be training to understand messages defined by the owner through some messages already known by the apparatus. In that way long messages can be replaced with short agreed messages conventions between ACEC and the owner.
Another example refers to the apparatus of assisting computers as user (ACEC- USB). The apparatus is provided to communicate with the calculation systems through USB, and with ACEC apparatus through by two-way short range radio. The apparatus is provided with ways which to transform the content expression messages in messages for a program installed on the calculation system which at his turn control the operation system and the applications on the system and transform part from the system answer in messages for being transmitted through ACEC to the person which uses the computer.
Another accomplish example refers to the telephonic line assisting (ACEC-TEL). The apparatus is provided to communicate into a telephonic system through protocols which allow numeric dates transfer. The apparatus is provided to communicate with another ACEC apparatus and with telephonic line as user, to call a subscriber, to telephone service, and to establish a telephonic connection, then when are requested those actions, through content expression messages, to transmit and convert messages from and to the user.
Another example of accomplish is an apparatus which combines the mobile phone functions (ACEC-MOD) with functions of the apparatus ACEC, for assisting a person, permitting the communication at distance using content expression messages through the mobile phonic network and as well, the communication in the apparatus neighborhood with ACEC apparatus.
Follow accomplish examples for VAR04. The system used for the development, at the computers, of the ability of understanding, destined messages to the human, is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of document choosing, messages which are used for the training of the knowledge base. The documents are chosen such as to cover the school courses collection, classified on grades.
Follow accomplish examples for VAR05. The system is used for a universal knowledge base used for the accomplish of universal encoding for semantic entity lists, is
a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of how documents are selected, messages which are used for the knowledge base creation. The documents are chosen such as to contain recognized knowledge by the authorities in domain.
Follow accomplish examples for VAR06. The system used to translate from one language into another is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of how documents are selected, messages which are used for the knowledge base to be created and the way of using the system. The source of the messages for which is used the system can be books, in more language, each of them, which are from different authors.
Follow accomplish examples for VAR07. The system used for the training assist is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of how documents are selected, messages, which are used for the knowledge base to be created and the way of using the system. The system uses dialog modules and specific knowledge to the study subject to generate exposing, questions and answers.
Follow accomplish examples for VAR08. The system used for the informatics project development is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the way of how documents are selected, messages, which are used for the knowledge base to be created and the way of using the system. Messages are programs and documentation in all the conventions systems, to cover the users understanding, users as persons and computers software components.
Follow accomplish examples for VAR09. Continuing it is presented an accomplish example of an operation system provided to communicate through content expression messages. For a such system, the request of a service from the part of a program or of a person is made by a content expression message in which the connection between the message and content is determined by the knowledge base and the content can be understood and said by the all users provided for the system. That mean, you can't request the disclosure of confidential dates without using a message in which that thing is understood by the interested users and can be conditioned at semantic level. Being a Linux distribution install on a partition of a computer, destined to be adapted to the communication through content expression. In another partition is installed a functional operation system which can access and processing the files from the Linux partition. The files from Linux partition are encoded, each with a distinct code, and renames using as name, the code. Thus each file and folders.indifferent of the place he occupied in the file system, will have a unique code. By changing of files names, Linux system has became nonfunctional being destroyed the connections based on addresses in the files system. In the next step the destroyed connections are rebuilt as knowledge base content, links between files old identity and the new codes. The files are messages for the new system and the files codes are elements which can be used in the definitions from the articles table, for messages and parts of messages and further for the rest of the derived elements from the knowledge base. The messages between modules which ware defined with the help of the files names of whose identity ware modified can be transformed using the informations from the knowledge base. The files encoding allows also alternative solutions as long as the knowledge base can reflect the content identity for distinct messages. Time after time a new Linux incomplete verified version are released, a version that is supposed to be better replace an old one which partial, was verified. Thus, sometime, what was functioning well, in old version is not functioning in the new one. The solution with the knowledge base allows the existence of modules from different versions and the built of modules which to use and compare alternative solutions to the same problems to assure, the system malfunctioning, detection and correction.
Follow accomplish examples for VAR10. The system used for the developed of Internet search engine is a particularization of the system VAR02 consisting in the are
selected, messages, which are used for the knowledge base to be created and the way of using the system. The system needs knowledge to be able to understand, an to build, a semantic index for documents to be subject of search.
Claims
1. A method for messages transformation in a special provided format, so that for any distinct content to have a unique special format message, and transformation from that special format in others messages with the same content, method used as component of a system for communication assisting, characterized in that,
• it is used for messages named here conventional messages built in compliance with rules organized as collections, named here, conventions systems
• it use as special format message a message named content expression
• uses a knowledge base to store and organize knowledge about messages, messages subjects and constitutive elements, categorized by conventions systems, channels of communication, subject, users, procedurals;, where the knowledge base is built around collections of messages:
• as collections of elements, each element having an identity and associate definition « as collections of links between elements each links having two elements identity and type of links identity;, where elements from knowledge base are:
• message parts each defined by message identity, location inside message and boundary, elements of messages parts set
• isolated elements used as message parts, elements named here expressions, elements of expressions set
• isolated message parts that are used to express relations between others, named here forms, and as isolated elements named expression forms, elements of expression form set
• semantics for message parts, form and full message as elements of entities and content forms sets, subsets of semantic values set β actions to be done with messages and elements, actions named here procedural knowledge
• types of links between elements
• sets of elements as elements categories with same properties, a way to express knowledge about conventions systems, knowledge fields, users categories, procedures categories, context for message and parts, sources, channels;, where elements definitions:
• are messages built using as forms and parts, elements, defined as well, in knowledge base except some special elements named system elements that are known by method tools where the content expression:
• is a message with form and parts elements from semantic values set, defined in knowledge base where the message transformations are:
• from regular conventional message based on known conventions systems, or new created conventions systems, to content expression message, transformations named here formal understanding
• from content expression message to conventional message, in compliance with a specified convention system, transformation named here message generation;, where formal understanding:
• is provided to combine actions of processing tools, some system elements, that process:
• message split in parts • recognition, between message parts, sets elements from knowledge base sets, as expressions, expression forms, entity, content forms where processing tools combinations is:
• determined sequence of processing steps
• sequence of processing steps described in knowledge base as procedural knowledge to be selected on context of message, or message part;, where context is:
• the name used for properties as, source, subject, convention system, properties that restrict the search area during recognition processes;, where basic formal understanding consist of steps:
• message split in parts, for each parts recognition of location and borders,
• expression recognition,
• semantic value recognition, based on current context,
• reevaluate current context,
• for new context are redone steps of split message, expression recognition and semantic values recognitions, o step above are repeated until no change are detected
• return result as links between message, message parts and elements from semantic values set elements
• build content expression as combination of values set elements; where message generation is a process of:
• selection expressions and expressions form, for specified, convention system, exploiting links, of type, the same content, between elements from content expression and selected expressions
« combine selected elements following the rules of specified convention system.
2. Method like the claim 1 characterized in that, the knowledge base:
« is created and developed through a learning procedure named here assisted formal understanding
• where special users category named here teacher users are analyzing messages, teachers who know the messages subject and convention system for the analyzed messages;, where assisted formal understanding performed and validated by teachers, consist of:
• message split in parts
• recognition, between message parts, sets elements from knowledge base sets, as expressions, expression forms, entity, content forms
• adding elements and messages in knowledge base needed to redo the same process without being assisted
• store the result in the knowledge base.
3. Method like the claim 1 or 2 characterized in that it is provided to:
• integrate, in knowledge base, any kind of file as conventional message by using elements definitions referring files or files parts,
• provided to use and process, using that way, a message diversity, among others, images, sounds, characters and bytes strings.
4. Method like the claim 1 or 2,3 characterized in that it is provided to use to define semantic values set elements, identities of existing conventional messages or messages parts, recognized by assisted formal understanding to have that semantic value.
5. Method like the claim 1 or 2,3,4 characterized in that it is provided with a module for dialog which:
• allows the user to assist and validate message transforming, some or all, processing steps, if it is necessary, • allows the user to ask questions, and receive answers regarding the knowledge from the knowledge base,
• where the dialog module interact with the others modules and with the knowledge base
• where dialog module is provided to communicate through content expression messages with others components,
• where questions an answers are generated by using links types between messages elements defined by forms.
6. Method like the claim 1 or 2,3,4 characterized in that it is provided to:
• count and record successes of formal understanding processes, as experience gained, the recognized elements, input data and results, the problem and solution, confirmed as valid
» to use experience gained to compute a number named confidence coefficient about formal understanding processes « to use confidence coefficient to conduct further steps.
7. System for assisting the communication between persons or apparatus or persons and apparatus, where the apparatus are electronic and electromechanical assemblies, all names users, users which can't communicate directly because they don't use the same language, or don't have the same knowledge level, or don't understand the same types of messages characterized in that:
• is provided with, one or more, distinct units as required by the purpose
• use the method for message transformation as described in clause 1 or 2,3,4,5,6, named here method claims
• the components of the method are distributed in the units where the units are electronic programmable assemblies, provided with communications means, and units are of categories:
• central system unit
• users assisting units
• communication node
• all in one unit where the central system unit is:
• a computer system provided to host the system knowledge base and means for create and develop system knowledge base, as described in method claims
• provided with means for distribution of parts of knowledge base and software for others units as required by the purpose
• provided to communicate digitally with other units, by permanent link and/or by data transfer through storage media;, where users assisting units, named also dedicated units
• are provided with means to communicate with dedicated user by using dedicated conventional messages, means that transform conventional messages in digital data assembly and vice versa, means known or to be invented
• are provided with means to communicate digitally with others units among others by using content expression
• are provided with means for transformation of dedicated conventional messages, as digital data, to content expression and vice versa
• are provided optionally with dialog component as described in claim 5;, where communication nodes:
• are provided optionally to assisting users trough dedicated units in a limited area
• are provided with means to communicate digitally with others units among others by using content expression • are provided with knowledge about users in the serving area and local personalized conventions;, where all in one unit
• are provided with all system components and communicate with users, some, that have access to the unit, or others system parts as users where communication is done by all or some of steps:
• transforming user convention message to digital data assemblies by means provided for communication with dedicated user
• transforming convention message as digital data assemblies to content expression by formal understanding
• optionally validate formal understanding using dialog module
• send content expression to other user, one ore more
• receive content expression message
• transform content expression to convention message for dedicated user as digital data assemblies by message generate
• transform digital data assemblies to convention messages by means provided for communication with dedicated user where potential users can be, and:
• software modules provided to communicate through content expression.
8. System like the 7 claim characterized in that, is provided to use existing communication networks such as mobile phone systems and/or Internet to communicate between units.
9. System like the 7 claim used to develop, at the computers, of the capacity to understand the messages destined for the human, as a tool for assisting human understanding characterized in that, the knowledge base is developed from selected messages, documents with subject as used in regular human educational system, processed using assisted formal understanding in a similar succession.
10. System like the 7 claim used for the universal knowledge base and for the accomplish of universal entity codification system, characterized in that, the knowledge base is developed using, documents as messages, about which there is a large consensus on their content.
11. System like the 7 claim used for texts translation from a language to another characterized in that, the knowledge base is created or developed using, the same content, as messages, in more languages into a such variety to cover the knowledge from the text which are to be translated and languages as conventions systems.
12. System like the 7 claim used for the assisted learning for a plurality of subjects characterized in that, the knowledge base is created or developed using massages from the training materials for the study subject, exposures, presentations, solved problem, questions and answers, and necessary knowledge to built of appropriate messages for all kind of students users, where the student user communicate with dialog module to get knowledge from the knowledge base.
13. System like the 7 claim used for the informatics projects development characterized in that, the knowledge base is created or developed using
• as original messages all kind of files created and used in the regular informatics project for development and exploitation
• transformed selected messages from original messages so that can be understood by any interested users category where the projects and knowledge base are developed together.
14. System like the 7 claim used for the accomplish of operating system and software applications, products, characterized in that:
• is provided with components to assist communication and through content expression
• between modules,
• with the developers
• with product users
• is provided, when is useful, to follow more processing way for some request, so that being capable to evaluate result quality and detect malfunctioning of the assembly.
15. System like the 7 claim used for the develop of Internet searching engine, characterized in that:
• use the formal understanding to analyze of the Internet documents and to build the content index using content expressions and entity identity from entity codification like claim 10
• use the formal understanding to convert users request in content expression messages
• search content expression messages in content index.
16. Apparatus for the communication assisting of dedicated users destined to function in the system according to the claims 7 or 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 and to use the some components of the method according to the claims 1 or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 characterized in that:
• are provided with means to communicate with dedicated user by using dedicated conventional messages, means that transform conventional messages in digital data assembly and vice versa, means known or to be invented β are provided with means to communicate digitally with others units among others by using content expression
• are provided with means for transformation of dedicated conventional messages, as digital data, to content expression and vice versa
« are provided optionally with dialog component as described in claim 5
• are provided with knowledge bases parts of system knowledge base selected on the basis of messages used and understood by dedicated user, or messages selected for application, or both, selection that include elements and knowledge necessary to convert that messages in content expression an vice versa
• are provided to use for communications known, or to be invented, means to assure security, confidentiality, reliability.
17. The apparatus like the claim 16 for the human as user characterized in that it is provided to communicate with the dedicated user through:
• known or to be invented means for converting to digital data assemblies, humans messages, like text through keypad, speech, image entries, touch
• known or to be invented means for converting the digital data assemblies to conventional messages for humans senses, as images, sounds, speech where it can by provided with one or some of:
• dialog capability to assure the messages transformation validation and knowledge base interrogation
• personalization through the establishment of local conventions about messages used between user and his apparatus
• means for speech recognition training
• means for owner recognize.
18. The apparatus like the claim 16 for electronic or electromechanical assembly, provided with electronic control and infrared, mono or bidirectional, communication, as user, characterized in that it is provided to communicate with the dedicated user through:
• known or to be invented means for converting to digital data assemblies, infrared signals from dedicated user, mounted with sensor, in front of users infrared emitter
• known or to be invented means for converting the digital data assemblies to infrared signals for dedicated user, mounted in front of users infrared sensor where it is provided with adapted component and knowledge base for dedicated user, message transformation.
19. The apparatus like the claim 15 for the computers as users characterized in that it is provided to communicate with the dedicated user through:
• known or to be invented means for converting, to digital data assemblies, computers conventional messages, signals from different kind of communication ports
• known or to be invented means for converting the digital data assemblies to computers conventional messages, signals for different kind of communication ports;, where computers conventional messages can be known messages used by known regular computer input/output devices, as keyboard, mouse, display, and apparatus is provided to simulate communication with one or some of this devices;, or where apparatus communicate through ports with a special application installed on computers provided to communicate, bidirectionally, with computer software, application and operating system.
20. The apparatus like the claim 15 for the assisting telephonic networks as user characterized in that it is provided to communicate with the dedicated user through:
• known or to be invented means for converting to digital data assemblies, conventional messages, signals of telephonic network
• known or to be invented means for converting the digital data assemblies to conventional messages, signals for telephonic network where it can by provided with adapted components for message transforming to content expression and vice versa.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RO200800513 | 2008-07-02 | ||
| ROA200800513 | 2008-07-02 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010002286A2 true WO2010002286A2 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| WO2010002286A3 WO2010002286A3 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
| WO2010002286A4 WO2010002286A4 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
Family
ID=41466507
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RO2009/000006 Ceased WO2010002286A2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2009-06-17 | Method, system and apparatus for assist of communication between persons or apparatus or persons and apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2010002286A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4635199A (en) * | 1983-04-28 | 1987-01-06 | Nec Corporation | Pivot-type machine translating system comprising a pragmatic table for checking semantic structures, a pivot representation, and a result of translation |
| ES2101613B1 (en) * | 1993-02-02 | 1998-03-01 | Uribe Echebarria Diaz De Mendi | COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERLINGUAL AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION METHOD. |
| US6463404B1 (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 2002-10-08 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Translation |
| US20020165708A1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2002-11-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for translating human language text |
| US20080086298A1 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-04-10 | Anisimovich Konstantin | Method and system for translating sentences between langauges |
-
2009
- 2009-06-17 WO PCT/RO2009/000006 patent/WO2010002286A2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010002286A4 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
| WO2010002286A3 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
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