WO2010098063A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010098063A1 WO2010098063A1 PCT/JP2010/001149 JP2010001149W WO2010098063A1 WO 2010098063 A1 WO2010098063 A1 WO 2010098063A1 JP 2010001149 W JP2010001149 W JP 2010001149W WO 2010098063 A1 WO2010098063 A1 WO 2010098063A1
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- liquid crystal
- display device
- crystal display
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- layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
- G02F1/133555—Transflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133776—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers having structures locally influencing the alignment, e.g. unevenness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a transflective liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display device is used not only as a large television but also as a small display device such as a display unit of a mobile phone.
- Liquid crystal display devices are roughly classified into a reflection type and a transmission type.
- a liquid crystal display device is an illumination device disposed behind a liquid crystal panel in a transmissive liquid crystal display device. Display is performed using (so-called backlight) light, and the reflective liquid crystal display device performs display using ambient light.
- the transmissive liquid crystal display device performs display using light from the backlight, it has the advantage that it is less affected by ambient brightness and can perform display with a high contrast ratio. Since the backlight is used, there is a problem that power consumption is large. In addition, the transmissive liquid crystal display device also has a problem that visibility is deteriorated in a very bright usage environment (for example, outdoors on a sunny day). On the other hand, the reflective liquid crystal display device has an advantage that it consumes very little power because it does not have a backlight, but the brightness and contrast ratio of the display are greatly affected by the usage environment such as ambient brightness. Has the problem. In particular, the visibility is extremely lowered in a dark usage environment.
- This transflective liquid crystal display device has a reflective area that reflects ambient light and a transmissive area that transmits light from the backlight in one pixel area, and the usage environment (ambient brightness). Accordingly, the area mainly used for display can be switched, or display using both areas can be performed. Therefore, the transflective liquid crystal display device is less affected by the low power consumption characteristic of the reflective liquid crystal display device and the ambient brightness of the transmissive liquid crystal display device, and can display a high contrast ratio. It has the feature that it can be done. Furthermore, the disadvantage of the transmissive liquid crystal display device in which the visibility is lowered in a very bright usage environment (for example, outdoors in fine weather) is also suppressed.
- a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode liquid crystal display device that has been often used in the past has a relatively narrow viewing angle.
- a liquid crystal display device with a viewing angle has been manufactured.
- the VA mode can realize a high contrast ratio, and is used in many liquid crystal display devices.
- the liquid crystal display device has an alignment film that defines the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity thereof. In the VA mode liquid crystal display device, the alignment film aligns the liquid crystal molecules substantially perpendicular to the main surface.
- an MVA (Multi-domain Vertical Alignment) mode in which a plurality of liquid crystal domains are formed in one pixel region is known.
- an alignment regulating structure is provided on at least one liquid crystal layer side of a pair of substrates facing each other with a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween.
- the alignment regulating structure is, for example, a linear slit (opening) or a rib (projection structure) provided on the electrode.
- a CPA (Continuous Pinwheel Alignment) mode is also known.
- a general CPA mode liquid crystal display device a pixel electrode having a highly symmetric shape is provided, and a protrusion is provided on the counter electrode corresponding to the center of the liquid crystal domain. This protrusion is also called a rivet.
- the liquid crystal molecules are inclined and aligned in a radial shape in accordance with an oblique electric field formed by the counter electrode and the highly symmetrical pixel electrode.
- the tilt alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is stabilized by the alignment regulating force on the tilted side surface of the rivet.
- viewing angle characteristics are improved by aligning liquid crystal molecules in one pixel in a radial shape.
- liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the normal direction of the main surface of the alignment film when no voltage is applied.
- a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer
- the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a predetermined direction.
- PSA technology Polymer Sustained Alignment Technology
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 the pretilt direction of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by polymerizing the polymerizable compound in a state where a voltage is applied to a liquid crystal layer mixed with a small amount of a polymerizable compound (for example, a photopolymerizable monomer).
- a pretilt is applied so that the liquid crystal molecules are tilted from the normal direction of the main surface of the alignment film in a state where no voltage is applied.
- the liquid crystal display device of Patent Document 1 is an MVA mode in which slits or ribs are provided as an alignment regulating structure.
- linear slits and / or ribs are provided, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned so that the azimuth component of the liquid crystal molecules is orthogonal to the slits or ribs when a voltage is applied. .
- ultraviolet light is irradiated in this state, a polymer is formed and the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules is maintained (stored). Thereafter, even when the voltage application is finished, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined in the pretilt direction from the normal direction of the main surface of the alignment film.
- the liquid crystal display device of Patent Document 2 has fine stripe pattern electrodes, and when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stripe pattern. This is in contrast to the liquid crystal display device of Patent Document 1, in which the azimuth angle component of the liquid crystal molecules is orthogonal to the slits or ribs. In addition, since the plurality of slits are provided, disorder of orientation is suppressed. In this state, ultraviolet light is irradiated to maintain (store) the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules. Thereafter, even when the voltage application is finished, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined in the pretilt direction from the normal direction of the main surface of the alignment film. In this way, pretilt is imparted to the liquid crystal molecules in the state where no voltage is applied, thereby improving the response speed.
- the photopolymerizable compound when a large amount of the photopolymerizable compound remains in the liquid crystal layer, the photopolymerizable compound may be polymerized when the liquid crystal display device is driven, and image sticking may occur.
- ultraviolet light having a relatively low illuminance is applied to the liquid crystal layer without applying voltage to the liquid crystal layer after the polymerization step for providing a pretilt, so that the liquid crystal display device remains in the liquid crystal layer before driving. It is disclosed that the photopolymerizable compound is reduced to further suppress burn-in.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a transflective liquid crystal display device.
- an alignment maintaining layer is partially formed by partially allowing ultraviolet light to reach the liquid crystal layer using a light shielding mask, whereby the retardation of the transmission region is changed to that of the reflection region. And almost match.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a transflective liquid crystal display device in which the generation of spots and bright spots is suppressed, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a liquid crystal display device is a transflective liquid crystal display device, and is provided between a rear substrate having an alignment film, a front substrate having an alignment film, and the rear substrate and the front substrate.
- a liquid crystal layer, and an alignment sustaining layer provided on the liquid crystal layer side of each of the alignment films of the back substrate and the front substrate, wherein the alignment maintaining layer is made of a polymer obtained by polymerizing a photopolymerizable compound.
- the liquid crystal layer is formed and includes a liquid crystal compound and the photopolymerizable compound having a concentration in the liquid crystal layer of 0.045 wt% or more and 0.060 wt% or less.
- a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is a transflective type liquid crystal cell, comprising a rear substrate having an alignment film, a front substrate having an alignment film, the alignment film of the rear substrate, and the front substrate.
- a liquid crystal cell comprising: a liquid crystal cell comprising a mixture sandwiched between the alignment film; and a step of forming an alignment maintaining layer on each of the alignment films of the back substrate and the front substrate.
- the mixture in the step of preparing the liquid crystal cell, the mixture includes a liquid crystal compound and a photopolymerizable compound, and in the step of forming the alignment maintaining layer, the alignment maintaining layer is formed of the mixture.
- the concentration of the photopolymerizable compound in the liquid crystal layer formed from the photopolymerizable compound and formed from the mixture after forming the alignment maintaining layer is 0.045 wt% or more and 0.060 wt%. Is less than or equal to t%.
- the concentration of the photopolymerizable compound in the mixture is 0.25 wt% or more and 0.35% wt or less.
- the residual ratio of the photopolymerizable compound in the liquid crystal layer is 15% or more and 20% or less.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a transflective liquid crystal display device in which the generation of spots and bright spots is suppressed, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- (A) is a schematic diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of the liquid crystal display device by this invention
- (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the pixel electrode in a liquid crystal display device. It is a figure which shows the SEM image of the orientation maintenance layer in the liquid crystal display device of 1st Embodiment.
- (A) And (b) is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of 1st Embodiment.
- (A) is a schematic diagram of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1
- (b) is a schematic diagram of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 2
- (c) is a schematic diagram of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 3.
- (D) is a schematic diagram of the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. (A)-(e) is a schematic diagram for demonstrating specifically the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the modification of 1st Embodiment of the liquid crystal display device by this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of the liquid crystal display device by this invention.
- (A) is a schematic diagram which shows 3rd Embodiment of the liquid crystal display device by this invention
- (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the pixel electrode in a liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is a transmission / reflection type.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a back substrate 120, a front substrate 140, and a liquid crystal layer 160.
- the back substrate 120 includes a transparent substrate 122, pixel electrodes 124, and an alignment film 126.
- the front substrate 140 includes a transparent substrate 142, a counter electrode 144, and an alignment film 146.
- the liquid crystal layer 160 is sandwiched between the back substrate 120 and the front substrate 140.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a backlight.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is provided with matrix-like pixels along a plurality of rows and columns, and the rear substrate 120 has at least one switching element (for example, a thin film transistor (Thin Film) for each pixel). (Transistor: TFT)) (not shown here).
- pixel refers to a minimum unit that expresses a specific gradation in display, and corresponds to a unit that expresses each gradation of R, G, and B in color display, Also called a dot. A combination of the R pixel, the G pixel, and the B pixel constitutes one color display pixel.
- the “pixel area” refers to an area of the liquid crystal display device 100 corresponding to a “pixel” of display.
- the back substrate 120 is also called an active matrix substrate, and the front substrate 140 is also called a counter substrate.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is a color liquid crystal display device
- a color filter is often provided on the front substrate 140, and the front substrate 140 is also referred to as a color filter substrate.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is a transmissive / reflective type, and each pixel has a transmissive region and a reflective region.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is provided with a reflective member (not shown in FIG. 1) on the transparent substrate 122 side of the liquid crystal layer 160, and this reflective member has a fine uneven structure.
- a reflective electrode electrically connected to the transparent pixel electrode 124 is provided as a reflective member in the reflective region.
- an ITO film is used as the pixel electrode 124, and a metal reflection film such as an Al film is used as the reflection member.
- each of the rear substrate 120 and the front substrate 140 is provided with a polarizing plate, and the two polarizing plates are arranged to face each other with the liquid crystal layer 160 interposed therebetween.
- the transmission axes (polarization axes) of the two polarizing plates are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other, with one arranged along the horizontal direction (row direction) and the other along the vertical direction (column direction).
- the liquid crystal layer 160 has a nematic liquid crystal compound (liquid crystal molecules 162) having a negative dielectric anisotropy.
- the liquid crystal layer 160 is a vertical alignment type, and the liquid crystal molecules 162 are aligned at approximately 90 ° with respect to the surfaces of the alignment film 126 and the alignment film 146.
- the liquid crystal layer 160 further includes a photopolymerizable compound 164 having a concentration of 0.045 wt% or more and 0.060 wt% or less. Note that a chiral agent may be added to the liquid crystal layer 160 as necessary.
- the liquid crystal layer 160 is combined with a polarizing plate arranged in a crossed Nicols state to display a normally black mode.
- the pixel electrode 124 has a plurality of unit electrodes, and each unit electrode has a highly symmetric shape.
- the liquid crystal molecules 162 of the liquid crystal layer 160 are aligned in axial symmetry (C ⁇ ) to form a liquid crystal domain.
- a convex portion may be provided on the liquid crystal layer 160 side of the counter substrate 140 corresponding to the center of the liquid crystal domain, and such a convex portion is also called a rivet.
- the pixel electrode 124 includes an electrode 124t provided in the transmissive region and an electrode 124r provided in the reflective region, and the area ratio of the electrode 124t and the electrode 124r is 7: 3.
- the liquid crystal molecules 162 When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 160 or when the applied voltage is relatively low, the liquid crystal molecules 162 are aligned substantially perpendicular to the main surfaces of the alignment films 126 and 146. On the other hand, when a predetermined voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 160, the liquid crystal molecules 162 are aligned in an axially symmetrical manner with the unit electrodes of the pixel electrode 124 as the center, and an axially symmetric liquid crystal domain is formed.
- the polarizing plate described above may be a linear polarizing plate. Alternatively, the polarizing plate may be a circularly polarizing plate.
- the alignment maintaining layer 130 is provided on the liquid crystal layer 160 side on the alignment film 126.
- the orientation maintaining layer 130 includes a polymer obtained by polymerizing a photopolymerizable compound.
- An alignment maintaining layer 150 is provided on the alignment film 146 on the liquid crystal layer 160 side.
- the alignment maintaining layer 150 includes a polymer obtained by polymerizing a photopolymerizable compound.
- the alignment maintaining layer 130 is made of the same material as the alignment maintaining layer 150, and the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150 are formed of a polymer of a photopolymerizable compound. In FIG.
- the liquid crystal molecules 162 are shown to be aligned in parallel to the normal direction of the main surfaces of the alignment films 126 and 146, but the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150 allow the liquid crystal molecules 162 to be aligned. Is maintained in a direction slightly inclined from the normal direction of the main surface of the alignment films 126 and 146. As described above, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 162 is defined by the alignment films 126 and 146 and the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150.
- the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150 are provided in an island shape on the alignment films 126 and 146, and part of the surfaces of the alignment films 126 and 146 may be in contact with the liquid crystal layer 160.
- the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150 on the alignment films 126 and 146 are formed, the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150 define the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules.
- the orientation maintaining layer 130 and 150 described above will be described with reference to FIG. 2
- the SEM image shown in FIG. 2 is obtained by observing the surface cleaned with a solvent after removing the liquid crystal material after disassembling the liquid crystal display device 100.
- the orientation maintaining layer includes polymer particles having a particle size of 50 nm or less. This polymer may grow to a particle size of 1 ⁇ m-5 ⁇ m.
- a photopolymerizable compound is dissolved in a liquid crystal compound, and a mixture of the photopolymerizable compound and the liquid crystal compound is used as a liquid crystal material.
- the liquid crystal material is surrounded by the back substrate 120, the front substrate 140, and the sealant, the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150 are formed by polymerizing the photopolymerizable compound in the liquid crystal material, and the liquid crystal layer 160 is formed from the mixture. It is formed.
- the liquid crystal layer 160 includes a photopolymerizable compound 164 that has not been polymerized.
- the concentration of the photopolymerizable compound with respect to the liquid crystal material is 0.30 wt%.
- the photopolymerizable compound in an amount of 0.30 wt% can be dissolved in the liquid crystal compound.
- the ratio of the photopolymerizable compound remaining in the liquid crystal layer 160 after polymerization is 15% or more and 20% or less, and the concentration of the photopolymerizable compound 164 remaining after polymerization is 0.045 wt% or more and 0.060 wt% or less. is there.
- a polymerizable monomer having at least one ring structure or condensed ring structure and two functional groups directly bonded to the ring structure or condensed ring structure is used as the photopolymerizable compound.
- the photopolymerizable monomer is selected from those represented by the following general formula (1). P 1 -A 1- (Z 1 -A 2 ) n -P 2 (1)
- P 1 and P 2 are functional groups, and are each independently an acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy or epoxy group, and A 1 and A 2 are ring structures, each independently. And represents a 1,4-phenylene or naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, Z 1 represents a —COO— or —OCO— group or a single bond, and n represents 0, 1 or 2.
- P 1 and P 2 are preferably acrylate groups, Z 1 is preferably a single bond, and n is preferably 0 or 1.
- a preferable monomer is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula.
- P 1 and P 2 are as described in the general formula (1), and particularly preferable P 1 and P 2 are acrylate groups. Further, among the above compounds, the compounds represented by Structural Formula (1a) and Structural Formula (1b) are very preferable, and the compound of Structural Formula (1a) is particularly preferable.
- a liquid crystal cell 110 is prepared.
- the liquid crystal cell 110 includes a back substrate 120, a front substrate 140, and a mixture C sandwiched between the alignment film 126 of the back substrate 120 and the alignment film 146 of the front substrate 140.
- the mixture C is formed from a liquid crystal material in which a liquid crystal compound and a photopolymerizable monomer are mixed.
- the concentration of the photopolymerizable monomer with respect to the liquid crystal material is 0.30 wt%.
- the mixture C is sealed with a sealing agent (not shown in FIG. 3).
- the sealant may be a photocurable resin, or the sealant may be formed from a thermosetting resin (for example, a thermosetting acrylic resin). Alternatively, the sealant material may have both photocuring and thermosetting properties.
- the liquid crystal cell 110 is manufactured as follows. A sealing agent is applied in a rectangular frame shape to one of the back substrate 120 and the front substrate 140, and a liquid crystal material is dropped into a region surrounded by the sealing agent. Thereafter, the back substrate 120 and the front substrate 140 are bonded together, and the sealing agent is cured.
- dropping the liquid crystal material is also referred to as a liquid crystal dropping method (One Drop Filling: ODF).
- ODF One Drop Filling
- the liquid crystal material can be applied uniformly and in a short time, and batch processing can be performed on the mother glass substrate. Furthermore, the amount of discarded liquid crystal material can be reduced and the liquid crystal material can be used efficiently.
- a sealant formed of, for example, a thermosetting resin to one of the back substrate 120 and the front substrate 140 in a partially opened rectangular frame shape
- the back substrate 120 and the front substrate 140 are bonded together
- the sealing agent is cured by heat treatment to form an empty cell.
- a photo-curing sealant may be cured in order to seal the opening.
- the liquid crystal cell 110 is irradiated with ultraviolet light in a state where a voltage is applied to polymerize the photopolymerizable monomer in the liquid crystal material, and as shown in FIG. 3B, on the alignment film 126 of the back substrate 120.
- the alignment maintaining layer 130 is formed on the liquid crystal layer 160 side
- the alignment maintaining layer 150 is formed on the liquid crystal layer 160 side on the alignment film 146 of the front substrate 140.
- the intensity depending on the wavelength of the light reaching the liquid crystal layer differs depending on the color of the pixel. For this reason, in order to obtain a uniform pretilt angle, light irradiation is preferably performed from the back substrate 120 side. Since the liquid crystal display device 100 of this embodiment is provided with not only a transmissive region but also a reflective region, when light is irradiated from the back substrate 120 side, the intensity of light reaching the reflective region of the liquid crystal layer 160 is the liquid crystal Lower than the intensity of light reaching the transmission region of layer 160.
- the area ratio between the electrode 124t provided in the transmission region of the pixel electrode 124 and the electrode 124r provided in the reflection region is 7: 3. Further, the light irradiated from the back substrate 120 side is also blocked at the wiring portion in the liquid crystal display device 100.
- the ratio of the opening area to the light shielding area is, for example, 6: 4. In the following description of the present specification, the ratio of the light shielding region may be referred to as a “light shielding ratio”.
- the intensity of the light reaching the reflection region of the liquid crystal layer 160 is weaker than the intensity of the light reaching the transmission region. For this reason, it is also conceivable that the scattered light is incident so that the intensity of the light reaching the reflection area of the liquid crystal layer is substantially equal to the intensity of the light reaching the transmission area.
- the intensity of light reaching the liquid crystal layer is also uneven due to reflection and scattering at the surface and film interface of each film in the transparent substrate and the liquid crystal cell. Will occur and unevenness of the pretilt angle will occur.
- the intensity of the light reaching the reflection area of the liquid crystal layer is substantially equal to the intensity of the light reaching the transmission area.
- a pretilt angle unevenness occurs due to a decrease in characteristics (for example, a decrease in transmittance) due to the addition of the scattering member, and an unevenness in light intensity due to light scattering in the liquid crystal cell, thereby degrading display quality. Therefore, it is difficult to make the intensity of light reaching the reflection region of the liquid crystal layer substantially equal to the intensity of light reaching the transmission region without degrading display quality.
- the pixel electrode 124 and the counter electrode 144 when a large amount of photopolymerizable monomer remains in the liquid crystal layer 160 after irradiation with ultraviolet light with a voltage applied between the pixel electrode 124 and the counter electrode 144, the pixel electrode 124 and the counter electrode 144. The concentration of the remaining photopolymerizable monomer may be reduced by irradiating with ultraviolet light without applying a voltage therebetween. Then, a drive circuit and a polarizing plate are attached as needed.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is manufactured as described above.
- FIG. 4A shows a schematic diagram of the liquid crystal display device 700 of Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 4B shows a schematic diagram of the liquid crystal display device 800 of Comparative Example 2
- FIG. A schematic diagram of the liquid crystal display device 900 is shown
- FIG. 4D shows a schematic diagram of the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display devices 700, 800 and 900 of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 except that the presence or absence of the photopolymerizable monomer added to the liquid crystal material and the concentration of the photopolymerizable monomer remaining in the liquid crystal layer after polymerization are different.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is manufactured and has the same configuration as the liquid crystal display device 100.
- liquid crystal display device 700 of Comparative Example 1 no photopolymerizable monomer (hereinafter also simply referred to as “monomer”) is added to the liquid crystal material, and no alignment maintaining layer is formed in the liquid crystal display device 700.
- monomer photopolymerizable monomer
- the liquid crystal display device 800 of Comparative Example 2 as in the liquid crystal display device 100, a liquid crystal material added with 0.30 wt% monomer is used, and the alignment maintaining layers 830 and 850 are formed.
- the concentration of the residual monomer 864 is high, and the proportion of the monomer remaining after polymerization is 30%.
- the ratio of the monomer amount remaining after the polymerization step with respect to the added monomer amount is also referred to as “residual ratio”.
- the monomer residual ratio can be measured by gas chromatography.
- the liquid crystal display device 900 of Comparative Example 3 uses a liquid crystal material to which a monomer of 0.30 wt% is added, as in the liquid crystal display device 100, and the alignment maintaining layers 930 and 950 are formed. However, in the liquid crystal display device 900 of Comparative Example 3, the residual monomer 964 is sufficiently reduced. In the liquid crystal display device 900 of Comparative Example 3, the ratio of the monomer 964 remaining after polymerization is 10%, and the concentration of the monomer 964 is 0.030 wt%. On the other hand, in the liquid crystal display device 100, as described above, the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150 are formed using a liquid crystal material to which a monomer having a concentration of 0.30 wt% is added as a liquid crystal material.
- the ratio of the monomer 164 remaining after polymerization is higher than the liquid crystal display device 900 of Comparative Example 3 and is 15% or more and 20% or less, and the concentration of the monomer 164 in the liquid crystal layer 160 is 0.045 wt%. It is 0.060 wt% or less.
- the response speed of the liquid crystal display device 700 of the comparative example 1 is low and the alignment regulation force is weak.
- the alignment maintaining layers 830 and 850 are formed, but the concentration of the remaining monomer 864 is high, and the polymerization of the monomer 864 is not sufficiently performed.
- the orientation regulating force applied to 862 is relatively weak.
- the liquid crystal display device 800 of the comparative example 2 when a certain display is continued for a long time and then another display (for example, display of the same gradation level on the entire screen) is performed, the previous display is caused.
- the luminance may be different from the gradation that should be displayed, and image sticking may occur.
- the polymerization of the monomer is sufficiently performed and the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150 are provided, thereby improving the response speed and the alignment collapse due to the panel surface pressing. At the same time, seizure is suppressed.
- the polymerization of the monomer is sufficiently performed and the alignment maintaining layers 930 and 950 are provided, whereby the response speed is improved and the image sticking is performed. Is suppressed.
- the liquid crystal display device 900 of Comparative Example 3 is a transflective type, but due to diffraction and refraction of light irradiated from the back substrate 920 side, polymerization based on heat caused by light irradiation, and flow in the liquid crystal layer 960, A polymer is formed not only in the transmissive region but also in the reflective region. In addition, the polymerization of the monomer in the reflection region is not sufficient, and the polymer formed in the reflection region includes dimers and trimers.
- the concentration of residual monomer is reduced by irradiating with ultraviolet light for a long time, and as a result, many polymers are formed.
- the intensity of light reaching the transmission region of the liquid crystal layer 960 is high, the polymer in the transmission region adheres to the transmission regions of the alignment films 926 and 946, and the alignment film in the transmission region.
- Alignment maintaining layers 930 and 950 are formed on 926 and 946, whereas the intensity of light reaching the reflective region of the liquid crystal layer 960 is low, and one of the alignment films 926 and 946 and the liquid crystal layer 960 Since almost no light passes through the interface and reaches the reflection region of the liquid crystal layer 960, the polymer hardly adheres to the reflection regions of the alignment films 926 and 946, and the grown polymer floats in the liquid crystal layer 960.
- Such a floating polymer may adhere non-uniformly to the alignment films 926 and 946 during the operation of the liquid crystal display device 900, but the polymer in which the floating polymer aggregates and grows to a diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m is aligned with the alignment film 926, When it adheres to 946, a bright spot is generated or a spot is visible.
- the agglomerated polymer has a certain height, the polymer itself functions in the same manner as a structure, and the surrounding orientation is disturbed, so that a bright spot is generated.
- the exposed area of the alignment film is remarkably reduced, so that spots may be seen due to a pretilt change accompanying a decrease in vertical alignment. . As described above, spots and bright spots are generated due to the floating polymer.
- the liquid crystal display device 900 of Comparative Example 3 it is necessary to irradiate with ultraviolet light for a long time in order to reduce the concentration of the remaining monomer, and as a result, the floating polymer increases and the liquid crystal display device The reliability of 900 is lowered.
- it is necessary to reduce only the photopolymerizable monomer which remains after pretilt provision for long time ultraviolet light irradiation it is often irradiated in the state of no voltage application.
- the concentration of the residual monomer 164 is relatively high in the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment, the amount of polymer formed in the liquid crystal layer 160 is small, and as a result, the amount of floating polymer is reduced. Thereby, the generation
- the liquid crystal cell 110 may be manufactured by ODF.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is manufactured as follows.
- a sealant S that defines a liquid crystal region is applied to the front substrate 140.
- the sealing agent S is formed from, for example, a photocurable or thermosetting resin, and specifically, is formed from an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin and a reactive agent thereof. Alternatively, the sealing agent S is formed from a resin having both photocuring and thermosetting properties and its reactive agent.
- a liquid crystal material L is dropped onto the display area.
- the liquid crystal material L is mixed with a liquid crystal compound and a photopolymerizable monomer.
- the back substrate 120 is bonded to the front substrate 140. Bonding is performed in a vacuum atmosphere. After bonding, it is released to atmospheric pressure. Then, the sealing agent S is irradiated with light to cure the sealing agent S. Further, when the sealant S is thermally cured, the liquid crystal cell 110 is further subjected to a heat treatment so that the sealant S is completely cured. If necessary, the cutting process is also performed to bring out the terminal for PSA.
- a voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 124 and the counter electrode 144 to irradiate the liquid crystal cell 110 with ultraviolet light.
- the voltage is applied as follows. For example, a gate voltage of 10 V is continuously applied to the gate wiring of the liquid crystal cell 110 to keep the TFTs provided in each pixel in an on state, a data voltage of 5 V is applied to all the source wirings, and an amplitude is applied to the counter electrode. A rectangular wave of 10V (maximum 10V and minimum 0V) is applied. As a result, an AC voltage of ⁇ 5 V is applied between the pixel electrode 124 and the counter electrode 144.
- ultraviolet light for example, i-line with a wavelength of 365 nm, about 5.8 mW / cm 2
- the photopolymerizable monomer in the liquid crystal material is polymerized to form a polymer, and as shown in FIG. 5E, alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150 are formed, and a pretilt of 0.1 ° to 5 ° is formed.
- a corner is given.
- the front substrate 140 is provided with a color filter layer, the intensity of the wavelength reaching the liquid crystal layer differs depending on the color material (for example, red, green, blue) of each color filter layer, so that a uniform pretilt is achieved.
- light irradiation is generally performed from the back substrate 120 side.
- the photopolymerizable monomer remaining in the liquid crystal material is adsorbed or chemically bonded on the alignment maintaining layers 130 and 150, and in addition, the photopolymerizable monomers are polymerized with each other. It is possible to reduce the photopolymerizable monomer remaining in the liquid crystal material. If there are many remaining photopolymerizable monomers, the photopolymerizable monomers may slowly polymerize during the operation of the liquid crystal panel, and burn-in may occur. Can be prevented. Thereafter, a polarizing plate and a drive circuit are attached as necessary.
- the liquid crystal material is dropped on the front substrate 140, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the liquid crystal material may be dropped on the back substrate 120.
- the sealing agent is cured by irradiating the sealing agent with light
- the light is preferably irradiated from the rear substrate 120 side.
- the light source is moved relatively above the liquid crystal cell 110 without inverting the liquid crystal cell 110 formed by bonding the back substrate 120 to the front substrate 140, and the If light is irradiated, it can be irradiated from the back substrate 120 side.
- a liquid crystal panel can be easily produced by dropping the liquid crystal material onto the front substrate 140.
- the application of the voltage at the time of ultraviolet light irradiation may be performed as follows.
- the gate voltage of 15V is continuously applied to all the gate lines in the display area of the liquid crystal cell 110, the TFTs provided in the respective pixels are kept on, the data voltage of 0V is applied to all the source lines, and the counter electrode A rectangular wave having an amplitude of 10 V (maximum 5 V and minimum -5 V) is applied.
- an AC voltage of ⁇ 5 V is applied to the liquid crystal layer.
- the alignment regulating force and the pretilt angle can be controlled by the voltage value applied to the liquid crystal layer and the ultraviolet light irradiation time.
- the voltage value applied to the liquid crystal layer and the ultraviolet light irradiation time can be controlled by the voltage value applied to the liquid crystal layer and the ultraviolet light irradiation time.
- disorder of the alignment state in the pixel may be reduced, and display quality without a feeling of roughness may be obtained.
- the light source is a low-pressure mercury lamp (sterilization lamp, fluorescent chemical lamp, black light), high-pressure discharge lamp (high-pressure mercury lamp, metal halide lamp), or short arc discharge lamp (ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, xenon lamp, mercury xenon lamp). ) Etc. may be used. Moreover, the light from a light source may be irradiated as it is, or the specific wavelength (or specific wavelength area) selected with the filter may be irradiated.
- the thickness of the transmission region and the reflection region of the liquid crystal layer 160 is shown to be equal to each other, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the transmissive region light that has entered from the rear substrate side and passed through the liquid crystal layer contributes to display, whereas in the reflective region, it has been incident from the front substrate side and passed through the liquid crystal layer and then reflected by the reflecting member and again. Light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer contributes to display. Therefore, when the thickness of the transmissive region and the reflective region of the liquid crystal layer 160 is substantially equal to each other, and the refractive index anisotropy per unit thickness of the liquid crystal layer is equal in each of the reflective region and the transmissive region, the reflective region This retardation is twice that of the transmission region.
- a transparent dielectric layer 148 is provided between the transparent substrate 142 of the front substrate 140 and the counter electrode 144 in the reflective region.
- the thickness of the reflective region of the liquid crystal layer 160 is approximately half of the thickness of the transmissive region, and the retardation of the reflective region can be made substantially coincident with the retardation of the transmissive region.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of spots, bright spots, image sticking, thermal test and impact test when the residual ratio was changed to 4%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40%.
- concentration of the monomer added to the liquid crystal material is 0.30 wt%.
- the ratio between the opening area and the light shielding area of the liquid crystal panel is 60:40.
- the light shielding region is a region including not only a region occupied by the reflecting member but also a region corresponding to the wiring.
- the thickness of the transmission region of the liquid crystal layer is 4 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the reflection region is 2 ⁇ m.
- the presence or absence of spots and bright spots is confirmed as follows.
- the liquid crystal panel is operated at a high temperature of 70 ° C. and room temperature, and the display of the liquid crystal panel is confirmed visually and with a microscope.
- the residual ratio of the monomer is 10% or less, the amount of floating polymer increases, and spots and bright spots are generated on the display of the liquid crystal panel.
- the residual ratio is 15% or more, the occurrence of spots and bright spots is suppressed.
- the confirmation of the presence or absence of burn-in is performed as follows. First, a pattern in which the central part of the display area is black and the peripheral part of the display area is white is displayed for a long time. Specifically, this display is continued for 240 hours in a high-temperature bath at 70 ° C. Note that the backlight of the liquid crystal display device continues to be lit. Thereafter, the entire display area is displayed in a predetermined halftone. At this time, if there is a difference between the luminance of the peripheral portion where the white display is performed and the luminance of the central portion where the black display is performed by visual inspection and luminance evaluation, it is determined that the burn-in has occurred. Image sticking occurs when the residual ratio is 30% or more, but image sticking is suppressed when the residual ratio is 20% or less.
- the display on the liquid crystal panel is checked after the display is continued for a long time in a heated state.
- some polymers are peeled off from the alignment film by heating while applying voltage to the liquid crystal, and the regulating force by the polymer is partially And the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules changes, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules returns to the vertical alignment before the polymer formation, and as a result, the display of the liquid crystal panel may change. If the residual ratio is high and the amount of polymer formed is small, uneven display tends to occur. From the results of such a thermal test, the adhesion of the polymer can be understood. In general, the pretilt of liquid crystal molecules may become zero due to aging, and the result of the thermal test is also an index for aging.
- the thermal test is performed as follows. In a high-temperature bath at 80 ° C., it is confirmed whether or not the display on the liquid crystal panel is changed by visual inspection and luminance unevenness evaluation. When the residual ratio is 30% or more, the display on the liquid crystal panel changes, but when the residual ratio is 20% or less, the change in the display on the liquid crystal panel is suppressed.
- the impact test check whether the display on the liquid crystal panel changes after an impact is applied to the liquid crystal panel.
- the polymer adhesion at the interface is low depending on the polymer formation amount and the growth rate, the starting point of the polymer imparting the tilt of the liquid crystal molecules disappears due to the impact.
- the regulation force by the polymer is partially reduced, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules changes, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules returns to the vertical alignment before polymer formation, and as a result, the display of the liquid crystal panel changes.
- the results of the impact test reveal the adhesion of the polymer.
- the impact test is performed as follows. At high temperature (for example, 70 ° C.) and room temperature, the liquid crystal panel is vibrated during operation, or the main surface of the liquid crystal panel is struck, and then the change in the display of the liquid crystal panel is confirmed by visual observation and luminance difference evaluation. When the residual ratio is 30% or more, the display on the liquid crystal panel changes. On the other hand, when the residual ratio is 20% or less, the display change of the liquid crystal panel is suppressed.
- the liquid crystal display devices 100 and 100A by setting the residual ratio of the monomer to 15% or more and 20% or less, it is possible to suppress the burn-in and display change and to suppress the generation of spots and bright spots.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is further improved by adding a chiral agent to the liquid crystal material. Can be stabilized.
- the ratio between the opening area and the light shielding area of the liquid crystal panel is 60:40, but the ratio between the opening area and the light shielding area of the liquid crystal panel is within the range of 80:20 to 30:70.
- the light shielding region includes not only a region occupied by the reflecting member but also a region corresponding to the wiring. In this case, the occurrence of spots and bright spots can be suppressed by setting the residual ratio to 15% or more and 20% or less.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of display quality when the light shielding ratio is changed to 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%, and 75%.
- the concentration of the monomer added to the liquid crystal material is 0.25 wt%, 0.30 wt%, and 0.35 wt%.
- ⁇ indicates that there is no deterioration in display quality when the concentration of the residual monomer in the liquid crystal layer is 0.045 wt% or more and 0.060 wt% or less, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that the residual ratio is 0. Even if it is 045 wt% or less, the display quality does not deteriorate.
- the ultraviolet light is basically irradiated in parallel, but the monomer flows in the liquid crystal layer at the time of the ultraviolet light irradiation, and the irradiated light is applied to the film interface in the liquid crystal cell. Due to diffraction, refraction, reflection, scattering, and the like by the structure, ultraviolet light slightly enters the reflective region of the liquid crystal layer. For this reason, it is thought that the same effect was acquired over the comparatively wide range whose light-shielding ratio is 20% or more and 70% or less.
- the light shielding ratio is 75%, spots occur when the monomer concentration with respect to the liquid crystal material is 0.25 wt%. However, when the monomer concentration with respect to the liquid crystal material is 0.30 wt% or more, not only the spots but also bright spots Will occur. From this, it is understood that when the light shielding ratio is relatively high, the larger the monomer concentration with respect to the liquid crystal material, the easier it is to form a large floating polymer, so that not only spots but also bright spots are generated.
- the liquid crystal display device 100B of this embodiment includes a back substrate 120, a front substrate 140, and a liquid crystal layer 160.
- the back substrate 120 includes a planarizing film 123 provided between the transparent substrate 122 and the pixel electrode 124 in addition to the transparent substrate 122, the pixel electrode 124, and the alignment film 126.
- the liquid crystal display device 100B has the same configuration as the liquid crystal display device 100A described above except that the planarizing film 123 is provided, and redundant description is omitted to avoid redundancy.
- the pixel electrode 124 is provided on the planarization film 123, and the pixel electrode 124 can be formed at a position overlapping a wiring (not shown). Note that a contact hole is formed in the planarizing film 123, and the pixel electrode 124 and the drain electrode D of the TFT are electrically connected in the contact hole.
- the planarizing film 123 is made of an acrylic or imide insulating material.
- a part of the planarization film 123 may be decomposed to generate gas and generate bubbles in the liquid crystal layer 160 by irradiation with ultraviolet light. .
- bubbles are generated in the liquid crystal layer 160, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 162 in the region is disturbed, the luminance is lowered (also referred to as a black spot), and the display quality is lowered.
- a transparent dielectric layer 148 is provided in the reflective region of the front substrate 140. Due to the transparent dielectric layer 148, the thickness of the reflective region of the liquid crystal layer 160 is approximately half the thickness of the transmissive region. Thus, by providing the transparent dielectric layer 148, the retardation of the reflective region can be made the same as the retardation of the transmissive region.
- a photopolymerizable monomer having a concentration of 0.30 wt% is added to the liquid crystal material.
- the concentration of the photopolymerizable monomer 164 in the liquid crystal layer 160 is 0.045 wt% or more and 0.060 wt% or less, and the remaining ratio of the photopolymerizable monomer is 15% or more and 20% or less.
- the concentration of the photopolymerizable monomer 164 is relatively high at 0.045 wt% or more and 0.060 wt% or less, and the remaining ratio of the photopolymerizable monomer is relatively at 15% or more and 20% or less. Since it is high, the irradiation time of ultraviolet light can be shortened. For this reason, generation
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of spots, bright spots, bubbles, image sticking, thermal test and impact test when the residual ratio was changed to 4%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Again, the concentration of the monomer added to the liquid crystal material is 0.30 wt%.
- the residual ratio is 4%
- bubbles may be generated in the liquid crystal layer 160 because the irradiation time of ultraviolet light is relatively long.
- the residual ratio is 10% or more, since the irradiation time of ultraviolet light is relatively short, it is possible to suppress deterioration in display quality due to generation of bubbles.
- the result of a spot, a bright spot, a burn-in, a thermal test, and an impact test is as described above with reference to Table 1.
- the electrodes provided in the transmissive region and the reflective region in the pixel electrode are both formed from the same unit electrode, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the electrode provided in the transmissive region may have a different shape from the electrode provided in the reflective region.
- FIG. 8A shows a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal display device 100C of the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display device 100C of the present embodiment has the same configuration as the above-described liquid crystal display device 100 except that the pixel electrode 124C has a different shape, and redundant description is given to avoid redundancy. Omitted.
- the pixel electrode 124C has an electrode 124t provided in the transmissive region and an electrode 124r provided in the reflective region.
- the electrode 124t includes a cross-shaped stem electrode 124j and linear electrodes 124k1 to 124k4 extending in four different directions d1 to d4 from the stem electrode 124j.
- Such a structure of the pixel electrode is also called a fishbone structure.
- the trunk electrode 124j extends in the x direction and the y direction. For example, in the electrode 124t, the width of the trunk electrode 124j is 3 ⁇ m.
- the width of the linear electrodes 124k1, 124k2, 124k3, and 124k4 is 3 ⁇ m, and the interval is 3 ⁇ m.
- the horizontal direction (left and right direction) of the display screen (paper surface) is taken as a reference for the azimuth angle direction, and the counterclockwise direction is taken positively.
- the directions d1 to d4 are directed to 135 °, 45 °, 315 °, and 225 °, respectively.
- the electrode 124r is a highly symmetrical unit electrode, and the electrode 124r is electrically connected to the trunk electrode 124j of the electrode 124.
- the liquid crystal molecules 162 in the transmissive region are aligned parallel to the extending direction of the corresponding linear electrodes 124k1 to 124k4, as shown in FIG. 8B.
- the liquid crystal layer 160 is a vertical alignment type, and the liquid crystal layer 160 includes a liquid crystal domain A formed by the linear electrode 124k1, a liquid crystal domain B formed by the linear electrode 124k2, and a liquid crystal formed by the linear electrode 124k3. It has a domain C and a liquid crystal domain D formed by the linear electrode 124k4.
- the liquid crystal molecules 162 are aligned perpendicular to the main surface of an alignment film (not shown) except for the vicinity of the pixel electrode 124.
- the liquid crystal molecules 162 are aligned along the extending directions d1 to d4 of the linear electrodes 124k1, 124k2, 124k3, and 124k4.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the center of the liquid crystal domains A to D is referred to as a reference alignment direction.
- the azimuth angle component projected onto the main surface of the alignment film is referred to as a reference orientation.
- the reference orientation characterizes the corresponding liquid crystal domain and has a dominant influence on the viewing angle characteristics of each liquid crystal domain.
- the horizontal direction (left-right direction) of the display screen (paper surface) is taken as the reference for the azimuth direction, and the counterclockwise direction is positive
- the difference between any two azimuths of the four liquid crystal domains A to D is 90 °. It is set to be four orientations that are substantially equal to an integral multiple of.
- the reference alignment directions of the liquid crystal domains A, B, C, and D are 315 °, 225 °, 135 °, and 45 °, respectively.
- the viewing angle characteristics are improved by aligning the liquid crystal molecules 162 in four different orientations.
- the liquid crystal molecules 162 in the reflective region are aligned in an axially symmetrical manner with the unit electrode of the pixel electrode 124 as the center, and a liquid crystal domain is formed.
- a convex portion may be provided on the liquid crystal layer 160 side of the counter substrate 140 corresponding to the center of the electrode 124r.
- the electrode 124t provided in the transmission region has a fishbone structure
- the electrode 124r provided in the reflection region is formed from a unit electrode. It is not limited to this.
- Each electrode provided in the transmission region and the reflection region may have a fishbone structure.
- the planarizing film is provided on the rear substrate, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the planarizing film may be provided on the front substrate.
- the liquid crystal display device 100D of the present embodiment has the same configuration as the above-described liquid crystal display device 100B except that the front substrate 140 further includes a planarizing film 143, and is duplicated to avoid redundancy. Description to be omitted is omitted.
- the planarizing film 143 covers the color filter layers 145R, 145G, and 145B, and a counter electrode 144 is provided on the surface of the planarizing film 143.
- the planarizing film 143 is made of acrylic or imide resin.
- a transparent dielectric layer may be provided on the planarizing film 143 in the reflective region, or a resin spacer for holding the cell thickness may be provided on the planarizing film 143.
- the transparent dielectric layer 148 is provided on the front substrate 140, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the transparent dielectric layer may be provided on the back substrate.
- the liquid crystal display device 100E of the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the liquid crystal display device 100 described above except that the back substrate 120 has a transparent dielectric layer 128, and is duplicated to avoid redundancy. Description to be omitted is omitted.
- the transparent dielectric layer 128 is provided in the reflective region on the pixel electrode 124. In the liquid crystal display device 100E, the transparent dielectric layer 128 is covered with the reflective electrode 125 having a fine uneven structure.
- liquid crystal panel may be in another ECB mode, or the liquid crystal panel may be in the TN mode.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明による液晶表示装置の第1実施形態を説明する。図1(a)に、本実施形態の液晶表示装置100の模式図を示す。液晶表示装置100は透過反射両用型である。
P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2 (1)
図7を参照して、本発明による液晶表示装置の第2実施形態を説明する。本実施形態の液晶表示装置100Bは、背面基板120と、前面基板140と、液晶層160とを備えている。背面基板120は、透明基板122、画素電極124および配向膜126に加えて、透明基板122と画素電極124との間に設けられた平坦化膜123を有している。液晶表示装置100Bは、平坦化膜123が設けられている点を除いて上述した液晶表示装置100Aと同様の構成を有しており、冗長を避けるために重複する説明を省略する。
図1(b)に示した液晶表示装置では、画素電極において透過領域および反射領域に設けられた電極はいずれも同様の単位電極から形成されていたが、本発明はこれに限定されない。透過領域に設けられる電極は反射領域に設けられる電極と異なる形状を有していてもよい。
図7を参照して説明した液晶表示装置100Bでは、平坦化膜は背面基板に設けられていたが、本発明はこれに限定されない。平坦化膜は前面基板に設けられてもよい。
図6に示した液晶表示装置100Aでは、透明誘電体層148は前面基板140に設けられたが、本発明はこれに限定されない。透明誘電体層は背面基板に設けられてもよい。
120 背面基板
122 透明基板
124 画素電極
126 配向膜
140 前面基板
142 透明基板
144 対向電極
146 配向膜
Claims (4)
- 透過反射両用型の液晶表示装置であって、
配向膜を有する背面基板と、
配向膜を有する前面基板と、
前記背面基板と前記前面基板との間に設けられた液晶層と、
前記背面基板および前記前面基板のそれぞれの前記配向膜の前記液晶層側に設けられた配向維持層と
を備えており、
前記配向維持層は光重合性化合物の重合した重合体から形成されており、
前記液晶層は、液晶化合物と、前記液晶層中の濃度が0.045wt%以上0.060wt%以下の前記光重合性化合物とを含む、液晶表示装置。 - 透過反射両用型の液晶セルであって、配向膜を有する背面基板と、配向膜を有する前面基板と、前記背面基板の前記配向膜と前記前面基板の前記配向膜との間に挟まれた混合物とを備える液晶セルを用意する工程と、
前記背面基板および前記前面基板のそれぞれの前記配向膜上に配向維持層を形成する工程と
を包含する、液晶表示装置の製造方法であって、
前記液晶セルを用意する工程において、前記混合物は液晶化合物と光重合性化合物とを含み、
前記配向維持層を形成する工程において、前記配向維持層は前記混合物の前記光重合性化合物から形成され、前記配向維持層を形成した後において前記混合物から形成された液晶層中の前記光重合性化合物の濃度は0.045wt%以上0.060wt%以下である、液晶表示装置の製造方法。 - 前記液晶セルを用意する工程において、前記混合物中の前記光重合性化合物の濃度は0.25wt%以上0.35wt%以下である、請求項2に記載の液晶表示装置の製造方法。
- 前記配向維持層を形成した後において、前記液晶層中の前記光重合性化合物の残留割合は15%以上20%以下である、請求項2または3に記載の液晶表示装置の製造方法。
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| CN2010800094085A CN102334064A (zh) | 2009-02-25 | 2010-02-22 | 液晶显示装置 |
| US13/202,650 US20110310339A1 (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2010-02-22 | Liquid crystal display device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2009043188 | 2009-02-25 | ||
| JP2009-043188 | 2009-02-25 |
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| WO2010098063A1 true WO2010098063A1 (ja) | 2010-09-02 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/001149 Ceased WO2010098063A1 (ja) | 2009-02-25 | 2010-02-22 | 液晶表示装置 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110310339A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102334064A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2010098063A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102830828A (zh) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 致伸科技股份有限公司 | 具有发光图案的输入装置 |
| WO2013115130A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-08 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102707498B (zh) * | 2012-05-25 | 2015-02-11 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种显示面板及其制造方法和显示器件 |
| US20160147093A1 (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-26 | Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. | Display panel and display device |
| US10731976B2 (en) | 2017-10-02 | 2020-08-04 | Liqxtal Technology Inc. | Optical sensing device and structured light projector |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003279946A (ja) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-10-02 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corp | 液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP2006139046A (ja) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-06-01 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4197404B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-02 | 2008-12-17 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
| KR100826735B1 (ko) * | 2002-02-20 | 2008-04-30 | 샤프 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 표시 장치용 기판 및 그것을 구비한 액정 표시 장치및 그 제조 방법 |
| WO2007032292A1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-22 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Manufacturing method of liquid crystal display device |
| CN100376947C (zh) * | 2006-03-01 | 2008-03-26 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | 液晶显示面板的制造方法 |
-
2010
- 2010-02-22 WO PCT/JP2010/001149 patent/WO2010098063A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2010-02-22 US US13/202,650 patent/US20110310339A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-02-22 CN CN2010800094085A patent/CN102334064A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003279946A (ja) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-10-02 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corp | 液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP2006139046A (ja) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-06-01 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102830828A (zh) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 致伸科技股份有限公司 | 具有发光图案的输入装置 |
| WO2013115130A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-08 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
| US9733524B2 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2017-08-15 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method therefor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102334064A (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
| US20110310339A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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