WO2010095647A1 - 保持器、転がり軸受、保持器の製造方法および射出成形用の型 - Google Patents
保持器、転がり軸受、保持器の製造方法および射出成形用の型 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010095647A1 WO2010095647A1 PCT/JP2010/052350 JP2010052350W WO2010095647A1 WO 2010095647 A1 WO2010095647 A1 WO 2010095647A1 JP 2010052350 W JP2010052350 W JP 2010052350W WO 2010095647 A1 WO2010095647 A1 WO 2010095647A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cage
- magnesium alloy
- cavity portion
- region
- mold
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
- B22C9/28—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for wheels, rolls, or rollers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/38—Ball cages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/38—Ball cages
- F16C33/3837—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the balls, e.g. machined window cages
- F16C33/3843—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the balls, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages
- F16C33/385—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the balls, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages made from metal, e.g. cast or machined window cages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/38—Ball cages
- F16C33/44—Selection of substances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
- F16C33/49—Cages for rollers or needles comb-shaped
- F16C33/494—Massive or moulded comb cages
- F16C33/495—Massive or moulded comb cages formed as one piece cages, i.e. monoblock comb cages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
- F16C33/56—Selection of substances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/26—Alloys based on magnesium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2220/00—Shaping
- F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
- F16C2220/04—Shaping by casting by injection-moulding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cage, a rolling bearing, a method for manufacturing a cage, and a mold for injection molding, and more specifically, a cage made of a magnesium alloy, a rolling bearing provided with the cage, and a cage made of a magnesium alloy. And a mold for injection molding that can be used in the manufacturing method.
- a metal cage made of steel or brass may be used as a cage for holding rolling elements of a rolling bearing.
- a metal cage made of steel or brass may be used.
- Such a metal cage is excellent in strength, but has a problem of high cost when processed into a complicated shape. Further, since the mass increases due to the high specific gravity of the material, there is also a problem that it is disadvantageous for bearings for high-speed rotation applications and transportation equipment applications that require weight reduction.
- the resin cage is generally formed by injection molding. Further, in a resin cage, a reinforcing material having a large aspect ratio such as fiber is often added for the purpose of securing a desired strength. Therefore, the amount of molding shrinkage and the anisotropy of mechanical properties associated with flow orientation become problems. In addition, since the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing material tends to be aligned along the weld line in the weld portion formed by injection molding, the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing material does not reach the weld portion, and as a result, the strength of the weld portion can be ensured. There is also the problem that it is difficult.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a magnesium alloy cage that is lightweight and has high strength, a rolling bearing provided with the cage, and a method for manufacturing the cage.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a mold for injection molding suitable for application to a manufacturing method of a magnesium alloy cage having a light weight and high strength.
- the cage according to the present invention is a cage that holds rolling elements in a rolling bearing.
- the cage is made of a magnesium alloy and is formed by injection molding.
- a joining region which is a region containing voids formed by joining the magnesium alloy containing the liquid phase, flows out of the cage.
- the present inventor has investigated the cause of the high strength and fatigue characteristics that should be originally obtained in a magnesium alloy cage molded by injection molding and the countermeasures. As a result, the following knowledge was obtained and the present invention was conceived.
- the magnesium alloy containing the liquid phase flows to fill the inside of the mold (cavity part).
- the magnesium alloy when the injection molding is performed is supplied into the mold in a state in which the viscosity is significantly smaller than that of a general resin.
- magnesium alloys compared with general resins, magnesium alloys have a low specific heat and excellent thermal conductivity, so that the solidification rate is fast.
- the magnesium alloy is filled in the mold at a high speed several times to ten times as high as that in the case of general resin injection molding.
- the magnesium alloy tends to be turbulent, and it is easy to entrain gas (such as air) in the mold. As a result, the gas is confined in the region where the magnesium alloy is merged, thereby forming a merged region that is a region containing voids.
- gas such as air
- the cage of the present invention a merged region, which is a region containing voids formed by the joining of magnesium alloys containing a liquid phase, flows out of the cage.
- the cage of the present invention can provide a magnesium alloy cage that is lightweight and has high strength.
- a magnesium alloy that is controlled to a liquid phase only state (a state that does not include a solid phase) by being heated to a temperature range equal to or higher than the melting point is manufactured by being injected into the mold. It is preferable that Thereby, the cage made from a magnesium alloy which is more excellent in fatigue strength than suppressing the segregation phase can be provided.
- the magnesium alloy preferably contains aluminum, zinc and manganese.
- a magnesium alloy containing aluminum, zinc, and manganese is suitable for injection molding, and by employing such a magnesium alloy, the cage of the present invention can be easily manufactured.
- ASTM standard AZ91D can be mentioned, for example.
- the cage may have a comb shape.
- a comb-shaped cage having a comb shape including an annular portion having an annular shape and a plurality of column portions protruding in the axial direction from the annular portion is easily deflected, and high specific rigidity is required. Therefore, the cage of the present invention having a high specific rigidity by being made of a magnesium alloy is suitable for use in a comb cage.
- the rolling bearing according to the present invention includes a race member, a plurality of rolling elements arranged in contact with the race member, and a cage that holds the rolling element in a freely rollable manner.
- retainer is a holder
- a cage according to the present invention made of a magnesium alloy that is lightweight and has high strength is employed.
- a rolling bearing suitable for high-speed rotation and having high reliability it is possible to provide a rolling bearing suitable for high-speed rotation and having high reliability.
- the rolling bearing of the present invention may be a bearing that is used to rotatably support a main shaft of a machine tool with respect to a member that is disposed so as to face the main shaft.
- a cage for a bearing (rolling bearing for a machine tool) that supports the spindle is required to have high strength and light weight.
- the cage is deformed and the rotational accuracy of the bearing is reduced (NRRO (Non-Repeatable Run-Out)); Rise) and heat generation at the bearing increases.
- NRRO Non-Repeatable Run-Out
- the rolling bearing of the present invention provided with a cage made of a magnesium alloy having not only high strength and light weight but also high specific rigidity is suitable as a rolling bearing for machine tools.
- the method for manufacturing a cage according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a cage that holds rolling elements in a rolling bearing.
- This manufacturing method includes a step of producing a liquid phase by heating a magnesium alloy, and injecting the magnesium alloy produced with the liquid phase into a mold having a cavity portion having a shape corresponding to the shape of the cage.
- Filling the part with a magnesium alloy includes forming the magnesium alloy into the shape of the cage, and taking out the cage made of the magnesium alloy shaped into the shape of the cage from the mold.
- region which is an area
- a merged region including voids formed by the joining of magnesium alloys including a liquid phase flows out of the cavity portion. Therefore, it is suppressed that the joining area
- the cage manufacturing method of the present invention it is possible to manufacture a magnesium alloy cage that is lightweight and has high strength.
- the magnesium alloy contains aluminum, zinc, and manganese.
- a magnesium alloy containing aluminum, zinc and manganese is suitable for injection molding, and by employing such a magnesium alloy, a lightweight and high strength magnesium alloy cage can be easily manufactured. Can do.
- the cage may have a comb shape.
- the column portion is easily bent and high specific rigidity is required. Therefore, the method for manufacturing a cage of the present invention that can manufacture a cage having high specific rigidity by being made of a magnesium alloy is suitable for manufacturing a comb-type cage.
- the mold for injection molding according to the present invention is a mold made of a magnesium alloy and used for injection molding of a cage that holds a rolling element in a rolling bearing.
- the mold includes a cavity portion having a shape corresponding to the shape of the cage, and a runner portion including a gate portion connected to the cavity portion and supplying a magnesium alloy to the cavity portion.
- the cavity portion includes a weld region which is a region where magnesium alloys supplied from the gate portion of the runner portion to the cavity portion merge.
- the mold further includes an overflow portion that is connected to the weld region of the cavity portion and stores the magnesium alloy that reaches the weld region and overflows from the cavity portion.
- the gate system is not particularly limited, and various gate systems such as side gates, spoke gates, pin gates, submarine gates, film gates, and disk gates can be employed.
- an overflow portion connected to the weld region of the cavity portion is provided.
- the overflow part includes, for example, a discharge part connected to the weld region of the cavity part and a holding part connected to the discharge part and storing the magnesium alloy. Therefore, after the magnesium alloy containing the liquid phase is joined, a joining region, which is a region containing voids, is formed in the weld region of the cavity, and then the joining region can flow out to the overflow portion.
- a joining region which is a region containing voids
- the area of the gate part boundary surface which is the boundary surface with the cavity part, is adjacent to the gate part boundary surface and is a cross-sectional area in a plane parallel to the gate part boundary surface. It is smaller than that.
- the area of the discharge portion boundary surface, which is the boundary surface with the cavity portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the surface adjacent to the discharge portion boundary surface and parallel to the discharge portion boundary surface.
- the magnesium alloy solidified in the cavity part (retainer) and the magnesium alloy solidified in the runner part can be easily separated at the interface of the gate part, and the magnesium alloy solidified in the cavity part ( The cage) and the magnesium alloy solidified in the overflow portion can be easily separated at the discharge portion interface.
- the magnesium alloy solidified in the cavity portion when the molded cage is taken out from the mold by adjusting the area of the gate portion boundary surface and the discharge portion boundary surface in consideration of the strength of the magnesium alloy at the boundary surface. Separation of the (retainer) and the magnesium alloy solidified in another region can be achieved at the same time, and the manufacturing process can be simplified. Although it depends on the cage size, for example, when ASTM standard AZ91D is adopted as a magnesium alloy and a submarine gate is adopted as a gate system, by setting the area of each gate part boundary surface and discharge part boundary surface to 15 mm 2 or less, When taking out the molded cage from the mold, it becomes easy to simultaneously separate the cage from the magnesium alloy solidified in other regions.
- the gate boundary surface and the discharge are not dependent on the gate system.
- the height (width in the axial direction) of the part boundary surface is preferably 4 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less.
- a lightweight and high strength magnesium alloy cage and a rolling machine equipped with the cage are provided.
- a bearing and a method for manufacturing the cage can be provided.
- the injection molding die of the present invention it is possible to provide an injection molding die suitable for application to a manufacturing method of a cage made of magnesium alloy having a light weight and high strength.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a mold in the first embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the outline of the manufacturing process of a holder
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a mold in a second embodiment. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the jig
- machine tool 90 in the present embodiment includes a main shaft 91 having a cylindrical shape, a housing 92 that surrounds the outer peripheral surface of main shaft 91, and outer peripheral surfaces of outer ring 11 and outer ring 21.
- main shaft 91 having a cylindrical shape
- housing 92 that surrounds the outer peripheral surface of main shaft 91
- outer peripheral surfaces of outer ring 11 and outer ring 21 For the machine tool disposed between the main shaft 91 and the housing 92 so that each of the inner peripheral surfaces of the inner ring 12 and the inner ring 22 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface 91A of the main shaft 91.
- a double row cylindrical roller bearing 1 (rear bearing) and an angular ball bearing 2 (front bearing) as rolling bearings are provided.
- the main shaft 91 is supported so as to be rotatable about the axis with respect to the housing 92.
- a motor rotor 93B is installed on the main shaft 91 so as to surround a part of the outer peripheral surface 91A, and a motor stator 93A is installed on the inner wall 92A of the housing 92 at a position facing the motor rotor 93B.
- the motor stator 93A and the motor rotor 93B constitute a motor 93 (built-in motor).
- the main shaft 91 can be rotated relative to the housing 92 by the power of the motor 93.
- the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 1 and the angular ball bearing 2 are machine tool rollings that rotatably support the main shaft 91 of the machine tool 90 with respect to a housing 92 that is a member disposed so as to face the main shaft 91. It is a bearing.
- a double row cylindrical roller bearing 1 includes an outer ring 11 as a first race member, an inner ring 12 as a second race member, a cylindrical roller 13 as a plurality of rolling elements, and a cage 14. It has. On the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 11, outer ring rolling surfaces 11A that are annular first rolling surfaces are formed in double rows (two rows). On the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 12, inner ring rolling surfaces 12 ⁇ / b> A are formed in a double row (two rows) as an annular second rolling surface facing each of the double row (two rows) outer ring rolling surfaces 11 ⁇ / b> A. ing.
- the plurality of cylindrical rollers 13 are formed with a roller contact surface 13A (an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical roller 13) as a rolling element contact surface.
- the cylindrical roller 13 comes into contact with each of the outer ring rolling surface 11A and the inner ring rolling surface 12A at the roller contact surface 13A, and is arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction by an annular retainer 14. It is rotatably held on an annular orbit of the row. Thereby, the outer ring
- the retainer 14 is a comb retainer including an annular portion 14A having an annular shape and a plurality of column portions 14B protruding in the axial direction from the annular portion 14A.
- the opposite surfaces of the annular portion 14 ⁇ / b> A from the side from which the column portion 14 ⁇ / b> B protrudes face each other, and the central axes thereof coincide with each other.
- Two cages 14 are incorporated.
- the cage 14 is made of a magnesium alloy such as AZ91D and is formed by injection molding.
- the joining region which is a region including voids formed by joining magnesium alloys in injection molding, is pushed out of the cage 14, so that the joining region is excluded from the cage 14.
- the retainer 14 is a magnesium alloy retainer that is lightweight and has high strength.
- the retainer 14 is a comb retainer in which the column portion 14B is easily bent and requires a high specific rigidity. However, since the retainer 14 is made of a magnesium alloy, a sufficient specific rigidity is ensured.
- the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 1 is provided with a cage 14 and is a highly reliable rolling bearing suitable for high-speed rotation required for a rolling bearing for machine tools.
- the advantages of adopting the magnesium alloy cage 14 formed by injection molding will be listed. Since the cage 14 is made of a magnesium alloy and has a specific gravity smaller and lighter than a brass cage having the same shape, the energy loss due to the cage under intermittent operation is, for example, 30% or less. Can be reduced. Further, since the cage 14 is formed by injection molding, it is excellent in mass productivity as compared with a general metal cage manufactured by machining such as cutting.
- the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 1 employs a magnesium alloy cage having excellent specific rigidity, so that it is used as a bearing used under high-speed rotation where a large centrifugal force is generated, such as a rolling bearing for machine tools.
- the specific rigidity (value obtained by dividing the elastic modulus by the specific gravity) of the magnesium alloy is 2.5 times or more that of high-strength brass and 1.5 times or more that of fiber-reinforced resin such as carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK resin.
- fiber reinforced resin is excellent in specific strength (value obtained by dividing strength by specific gravity), but the specific strength of magnesium alloy is equal to or higher than that of fiber reinforced resin, and is 2.5 times higher than that of high-strength brass. is there.
- the magnesium alloy has no molding anisotropy or is very small, so that sink marks and deformation due to the molding anisotropy are suppressed, and the resin material In comparison, the linear expansion coefficient is small. Therefore, a highly accurate cage can be manufactured by injection molding.
- the magnesium alloy has a higher heat conductivity than the resin, and therefore has excellent heat dissipation. As a result, temperature rise during the operation of the bearing can be suppressed and deterioration of the lubricant due to heat can be reduced, so that the life of the rolling bearing can be extended.
- the angular ball bearing 2 will be described. 4 and 2, the angular ball bearing 2 and the double row cylindrical roller bearing 1 basically have the same configuration and have the same effects. However, the angular ball bearing 2 is different from the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 1 in the shape of the race and rolling elements.
- the angular ball bearing 2 includes an outer ring 21 as a first race member, an inner ring 22 as a second race member, balls 23 as a plurality of rolling elements, and a cage 24.
- An outer ring rolling surface 21 ⁇ / b> A as an annular first rolling surface is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 21.
- An inner ring rolling surface 22A as an annular second rolling surface facing the outer ring rolling surface 21A is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 22.
- a plurality of balls 23 are formed with a ball contact surface 23A (a surface of the ball 23) as a rolling element contact surface.
- the balls 23 are in contact with each of the outer ring rolling surface 21A and the inner ring rolling surface 22A at the ball contact surface 23A, and are arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction by an annular cage 24, thereby forming an annular shape. It is held so that it can roll on the track. Thereby, the outer ring
- a straight line connecting a contact point between the ball 23 and the outer ring 21 and a contact point between the ball 23 and the inner ring 22 is a radial direction (a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the angular ball bearing 2). ). Therefore, it is possible to receive not only the radial load but also the axial load, and when the radial load is applied, the axial direction (the direction of the rotation axis of the angular ball bearing 2) is reduced. Power is generated. Referring to FIG.
- two angular ball bearings 2 in the same direction are arranged on the front side (tip 91B side of main shaft 91) and on the rear side (motor rotor 93B side). Has two angular ball bearings 2 opposite to the front side to cancel the component force.
- the cage 24 is made of a magnesium alloy such as AZ91D and is molded by injection molding.
- the merged region which is a region including voids formed by joining magnesium alloys in injection molding, is pushed out of the cage 24, so that the merged region is excluded from the cage 24.
- the cage 24 is a lightweight and high strength magnesium alloy cage.
- injection molding apparatus 70 in the present embodiment includes an injection unit 50 and a mold 60.
- the injection part 50 is fitted into the hollow part of the cylinder 51 having a cylindrical hollow part, the supply part 52 connected to the hollow part of the cylinder 51 and supplying the magnesium alloy chip 41 to the hollow part,
- a screw 53 having a spiral groove formed on the outer peripheral surface and a heater 56 arranged so as to surround the cylinder 51 are provided.
- the cylinder 51 has a nozzle 55 formed at one end thereof and connected to the mold 60.
- a storage portion 54 which is a region surrounded by the tip side of the screw 53 (an end portion close to the mold 60) and the cylinder 51, is formed on one end side of the screw 53.
- the storage unit 54 is connected to the mold 60 through the nozzle 55.
- the mold 60 includes a sprue portion 63 that is a hollow region connected to the hollow region of the nozzle 55 of the cylinder 51, and a cavity portion 61 that is a hollow region corresponding to the shape of the cage. And a runner portion 62 extending radially from the sprue portion 63 and connected to the cavity portion 61.
- the runner part 62 includes a gate part 62 ⁇ / b> A, and the runner part 62 is connected to the cavity part 61 in the gate part 62 ⁇ / b> A.
- the cavity portion 61 includes a weld region 65 that is a region where the magnesium alloy supplied from the runner portion 62 to the cavity portion 61 merges.
- the mold 60 further includes an overflow portion 66 that is connected to the weld region 65 and stores the magnesium alloy that reaches the weld region 65 and overflows from the cavity portion 61.
- the overflow part 66 has a discharge part 66A connected to the weld region 65 and a holding part 66B connected to the discharge part 66A.
- a raw material chip supply step is first performed as a step (S10).
- this step (S ⁇ b> 10) referring to FIG. 5, the magnesium alloy chip 41 manufactured from the recycled material is supplied into the cylinder 51 from the supply unit 52 of the injection unit 50.
- a heating step is performed as a step (S20).
- the screw 53 rotates around the axis, so that the magnesium alloy chip 41 supplied into the cylinder 51 in the step (S10) follows the spiral groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of the screw 53.
- the heater 56 is heated to the melting point or higher while moving.
- the molten magnesium alloy 42 in a molten state is stored in the storage portion 54.
- the molten magnesium alloy 42 may be in a completely molten state only in a liquid phase in which no solid phase exists, or in a semi-molten state in which magnesium ( ⁇ phase) as a solid phase is dispersed in the liquid phase. Also good.
- the proportion of the solid phase is preferably small.
- the proportion of the ⁇ phase may be less than 5% in terms of area ratio. preferable. As a result, it is possible to prevent the ⁇ phase from becoming a stress concentration source in the completed cage, and to reduce the fatigue strength of the cage.
- an injection process is performed as a process (S30).
- the molten magnesium alloy 42 stored in the storage portion 54 in the step (S ⁇ b> 20) is injected into the mold 60 by advancing the screw 53 in a direction approaching the mold 60.
- molten magnesium alloy 42 injected into mold 60 is first supplied to sprue portion 63, then branched into a plurality of runner portions 62 and injected into cavity portion 61.
- two pockets are arranged between adjacent runner portions 62, that is, every other cavity portion 61 is disposed.
- the molten magnesium alloy 42 is injected into the cavity portion 61A.
- the adjacent cavity portions 61 (the cavity portion 61A and the cavity portion 61B) in FIG. 6 are connected to each other in the front-rear direction (the front side and the back side of the paper surface) in the axial direction. Therefore, the molten magnesium alloy 42 injected from the runner 62 into the two cavities 61A joins in the weld region 65 formed in the cavity 61B sandwiched between the two cavities 61A, as indicated by the dashed arrow ⁇ . To do. When the molten magnesium alloy 42 is further injected into the two cavities 61A, the molten magnesium alloy 42 overflows from the cavities, flows into the overflow portion 66, and is stored.
- an extraction step is performed as a step (S40).
- the cage produced by being injected into the mold 60 and solidifying in the step (S30) is taken out from the mold 60.
- a separation step is performed as a step (S50).
- a magnesium alloy solidified in the runner portion 62 and the overflow portion 66 is connected to the cage taken out in the step (S40).
- the magnesium alloy in the region other than the cage is separated from the cage.
- the cross-sectional area of the gate portion boundary surface that is the boundary surface with cavity portion 61 is the gate in the region adjacent to the gate portion boundary surface. It is smaller than the cross-sectional area parallel to the boundary surface. More specifically, as the runner portion 62 approaches the cavity portion 61, the cross-sectional area in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction becomes smaller, and the cross-sectional area becomes the smallest at the boundary surface of the gate portion. Furthermore, in the overflow part 66, the cross-sectional area of the discharge part boundary surface which is a boundary surface with the cavity part 61 is smaller than the cross-sectional area parallel to the discharge part boundary surface in the region adjacent to the discharge part boundary surface.
- the overflow portion 66 has a cross-sectional area that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction as it approaches the cavity portion 61, and the cross-sectional area that is the smallest at the discharge portion boundary surface. Therefore, the magnesium alloy solidified in the cavity portion 61 (retainer) and the magnesium alloy solidified in the runner portion 62 are easily separated at the gate portion boundary surface, and the magnesium alloy solidified in the cavity portion 61 (retainer) ) And the magnesium alloy solidified in the overflow portion 66 can be easily separated at the discharge portion interface.
- the magnesium alloy in the region other than the cage is separated from the cage. It is possible to do.
- a polishing step is performed as a step (S60).
- polishing such as barrel polishing is performed on the cage separated in step (S50). As a result, the surface of the cage is smoothed.
- a surface treatment process is performed as a process (S70).
- this step (S70) for example, surface treatment such as anodizing is performed on the cage.
- This step (S70) is not an essential step in the method for manufacturing a cage of the present invention, but by performing this, the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the cage are improved.
- a finishing step is performed as a step (S80).
- polishing treatment such as barrel polishing, sealing (sealing) treatment, overcoat treatment, etc. that are carried out when the surface irregularities are increased by the surface treatment in step (S70) are required. Will be implemented accordingly.
- the molten magnesium alloy 42 merges in the step (S30) as described above, whereby a merged region including voids is formed in the weld region 65 of the cavity portion 61B. .
- this merged region is pushed out of the cage (cavity portion 61) when the molten magnesium alloy 42 overflows from the cavity portion 61B and flows into the overflow portion 66.
- the merging area is excluded from the cage, and the merging area containing voids remains in the cage and the strength is suppressed from being lowered. Therefore, according to the cage manufacturing method using the injection molding apparatus 70 in the present embodiment, it is possible to manufacture a magnesium alloy cage that is lightweight and has high strength.
- a weld portion formed between adjacent gates or in the vicinity of the rolling element holding portion of the cage has a characteristic appearance usually called a weld line.
- the weld line does not exist, or the trace of hot water flowing from the inside of the cage to the outside and the removal trace of the overflow portion are observed.
- the existence rate of the ⁇ phase near the discharge part tends to be smaller than that near the gate part due to the difference in the cooling rate in the mold, so it can be confirmed by observation of the structure. There is a case.
- Embodiment 2 which is another embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the cage and the rolling bearing according to the second embodiment have the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and can produce the same effect as well.
- the cage in the first embodiment has an even number of pockets for holding rolling elements
- the cage in the second embodiment has an odd number of pockets.
- the configuration of the mold used in the injection molding is different from the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- the cage shape in the second embodiment in which an odd number of pockets for holding rolling elements are formed for example, three pockets are sandwiched from adjacent runner portions 62, that is, in cavity portion 61.
- Molten magnesium alloy 42 is injected into every other cavity portion 61A.
- the adjacent cavity portions 61 in FIG. 8 are connected to each other in the longitudinal direction (front side and back side of the paper). Therefore, the molten magnesium alloy 42 injected from the runner 62 into the two cavities 61A flows into the two cavities 61B sandwiched between the two cavities 61A, as indicated by the broken line arrow ⁇ , and the 2 They merge at the weld region 65 formed at the center (front side or back side) of the two cavity portions 61B.
- the molten magnesium alloy 42 is further injected into the two cavities 61A, the molten magnesium alloy 42 overflows from the cavities, flows into the overflow portion 66, and is stored.
- the molten magnesium alloy 42 merges in the step (S30), so that a merge region including voids is formed in the weld region 65.
- the weld region 65 is located in the central portion of the pocket (the central portion in the circumferential direction of the cage), which is a thin region of the cage. For this reason, if a merge region including voids remains in the region, the strength of the cage tends to be insufficient compared to the case of the first embodiment. However, the merged region is pushed out of the cavity portion 61 when the molten magnesium alloy 42 overflows from the cavity portion 61 and flows into the overflow portion 66.
- the merging area is excluded from the cage, and the merging area containing voids remains in the cage and the strength is suppressed from being lowered.
- the application of the present invention is particularly effective when the merge region is formed in the thin region of the cage.
- the ASTM standard AZ91D is exemplified as a magnesium alloy applicable to the present invention, but the magnesium alloy applicable to the present invention is not limited to this, and various magnesium alloys for die casting are applied. be able to.
- magnesium alloys that can be used in the present invention include alloys in which aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), and the like are added to magnesium (Mg), which is the main component. Can do.
- Mg-Al-Zn-Mn alloys such as ASTM standard AZ91D
- Mg-Al-Mn alloys such as AM60B
- Mg-Al-Si-Mn alloys such as AS41A. it can.
- the volume (volume) of the overflow portion 66 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% or more of the volume of the cavity portion 61 from the viewpoint of reliably removing the merging portion from the cage (product), In order to more reliably exclude the merged portion, the content is preferably set to 10% or more. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of material yield, it is preferable that the amount of waste material portion to be removed is small, and the volume (volume) of the overflow portion 66 is preferably 30% or less of the volume of the cavity portion 61.
- the separation (removal) of the magnesium alloy solidified in the runner part 62 and the overflow part 66 performed in the step (S50) from the cage can be performed by various methods.
- machining such as trimming by a press machine, barrel machining, and cutting can be exemplified.
- a so-called hot nozzle or hot runner method capable of reducing the amount of magnesium alloy solidified in the sprue portion 63 or the runner portion 62, or a molding method using an in-mold gate cut method in which gate cutting is performed in a mold is also suitable.
- the magnesium alloy solidified in the overflow part 66 by the in-mold processing can be removed together with the magnesium alloy solidified in the sprue part 63 and the runner part 62.
- the surface treatment can be performed before or after the removal of the solidified magnesium alloy in the sprue portion 63, the runner portion 62, and the overflow portion 66, but is preferably performed after the removal.
- Specific examples of the surface treatment include plating treatment using a metal having excellent corrosion resistance, resin coating, chemical conversion treatment for modifying the surface to magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide, and anodization treatment.
- plating treatment using a metal having excellent corrosion resistance, resin coating chemical conversion treatment for modifying the surface to magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide
- anodization treatment it is particularly preferable to employ an anodizing treatment that has a low risk of insufficient adhesion at the interface and is excellent in both corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
- polishing treatment such as barrel polishing after surface treatment, sealing with resin material (sealing), steam treatment, boiling water as necessary
- medical solution processes such as a heated nickel acetate solution, or an overcoat process.
- the amount of polishing in the case of polishing treatment can be made not more than the thickness of the modified layer in order to leave the modified layer formed by the surface treatment. If the thickness of the denatured layer is about 3 ⁇ m or more, there will be no major functional problem, but since the cage has a sliding part that contacts the rolling elements and the raceway, the thickness should be 5 ⁇ m or more. Is preferable.
- the thickness is 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the shape of the cage of the present invention various types such as a crown-type cage, a cage-type cage, a comb-type cage, and a cage-type cage can be adopted, and the shape is not particularly limited.
- the cage of the present invention can be suitably used for a comb-type or crown-type cage that requires high rigidity.
- the cage of the present invention can be applied to various types of rolling bearings such as radial ball bearings, radial roller bearings, thrust ball bearings, thrust roller bearings, and angular ball bearings, and is not particularly limited to the types of rolling bearings.
- the guide type of the cage is not particularly limited, and can be applied to any guide type such as rolling element guide, outer ring guide, and inner ring guide.
- the cage described in the above embodiment was manufactured by the same manufacturing method as in the above embodiment.
- the shape of the cage is a comb type cage that can be used for a bearing model number NN3020 (JIS nominal number). More specifically, the inner diameter is 120 mm, the outer diameter is 132 mm, the height is 10.5 mm, the thickness of the annular portion 14A (see FIG. 2) is 2.3 mm, the PCD (Pitch Circle Diameter) is 126 mm, and the number of columns is 11 did.
- the cage was manufactured by performing steps (S10) to (S60) in the manufacturing method (see FIG. 7) described in the above embodiment.
- step (S10) a magnesium alloy chip made of AZ91D was adopted as a raw material chip.
- steps (S20) and (S30) the conditions of a nozzle temperature of 610 ° C., a mold temperature of 250 ° C., an injection speed of 1200 mm / s, a holding pressure of 15 MPa, and a cooling time of 10 s were adopted.
- the magnesium alloy solidified in the overflow portion 66 was removed by press molding. Further, in the step (S60), barrel polishing was performed (Example A).
- Example B the same shape and manufacturing steps as those of Example A were employed, and a step (S70) was added in the manufacturing process.
- step (S70) anodization was performed to form a modified layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m (Example B).
- a high-strength brass cage (Comparative Example A) and a resin cage (Comparative Example B) having the same shape as the above-described embodiment were also prepared.
- a high-strength brass CAC301 was adopted as a material, and a cage was manufactured by processing into the above shape by cutting.
- a cage was manufactured by injection molding a resin (PEEK450CA30 manufactured by Victrex) in which a CF (carbon fiber) material was added to a PEEK (Poly Ether Ether) material.
- injection molding was performed under the conditions of a nozzle temperature of 400 ° C., a mold temperature of 180 ° C., an injection speed of 50 mm / s, a holding pressure of 120 MPa, and a cooling time of 30 s, and further heated to 200 ° C. as a post-treatment for 3 hours.
- a holding annealing treatment was performed.
- the cage mass, cage strength, and column deflection were measured.
- the strength of the cage was measured by pulling the cage by applying forces opposite to each other in the diameter direction of the cage from the inner diameter side of the cage, and recording the load when the cage was broken.
- the pillars deflection amount placing the cage in the plane as the annular portion of the cage on the bottom, the inner diameter side of the cage a jig shown in Fig. 9 from the small diameter side (the side of the diameter phi 2)
- the amount of column collapse (the amount of change in the outer diameter) was measured when pushed in with a constant load.
- the jig 80 has a first plane 82 having a circular shape with a diameter ⁇ 1 (132 mm) and a circular shape with a diameter ⁇ 2 (115.5 mm) parallel to the first plane 82. And a side surface 83 which is a spherical surface having a curvature radius of 66 mm.
- the thickness t that is, the distance between the first plane 82 and the second plane 81 is 32 mm.
- Table 1 shows the experimental results.
- the cage mass is a mass ratio when Comparative Example B is set to 1
- the cage strength and the column deflection amount are expressed as a strength ratio and a column deflection amount ratio when Comparative Example A is 1, respectively. Has been.
- Example A and B are 1/5 that of Comparative Example B, which is a cage made of high-strength brass. It is confirmed that the cage of the present invention achieves a weight reduction comparable to that of Comparative Example A, which is a resin cage. Moreover, the intensity
- the cage of the present invention can be manufactured not only by injection molding with excellent mass productivity but also a lightweight cage having high strength and rigidity.
- the cage, rolling bearing, cage manufacturing method and injection molding die of the present invention are lightweight and can be used in cages, rolling bearings, cage manufacturing methods and manufacturing methods that require high strength.
- the present invention can be applied particularly advantageously to molds for injection molding.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の一実施の形態である実施の形態1について説明する。図1を参照して、本実施の形態における工作機械90は、円筒状の形状を有する主軸91と、主軸91の外周面を取り囲むハウジング92と、外輪11および外輪21の外周面のそれぞれがハウジングの内壁92Aに接触するとともに、内輪12および内輪22の内周面のそれぞれが主軸91の外周面91Aに接触するように、主軸91とハウジング92との間に嵌め込まれて配置された工作機械用転がり軸受としての複列円筒ころ軸受1(リア軸受)とアンギュラ玉軸受2(フロント軸受)とを備えている。これにより、主軸91は、ハウジング92に対して軸周りに回転自在に支持されている。
次に、本発明の他の実施の形態である実施の形態2について説明する。実施の形態2における保持器および転がり軸受は、実施の形態1の場合と同様の構成を有し、同様の効果を奏するとともに同様に製造することができる。しかし、実施の形態1における保持器は転動体を保持するポケットを偶数個有していたのに対し、実施の形態2における保持器はポケットを奇数個有している。その結果、射出成形において使用される金型の構成において、実施の形態1と実施の形態2とは異なっている。
以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。本発明の保持器を実際に作製し、その特性を従来の保持器と比較する実験を行なった。実験の手順は以下の通りである。
Claims (10)
- 転がり軸受(1,2)において転動体(13,23)を保持する保持器(14,24)であって、
マグネシウム合金からなり、
射出成形により成形され、
前記射出成形において、液相を含む前記マグネシウム合金が合流することにより形成されたボイドを含む領域である合流領域が前記保持器(14,24)の外部に流出している、保持器(14,24)。 - 前記マグネシウム合金は、アルミニウム、亜鉛およびマンガンを含有している、請求の範囲第1項に記載の保持器(14,24)。
- くし型形状を有している、請求の範囲第1項に記載の保持器(14)。
- 軌道部材(11,12,21,22)と、
前記軌道部材(11,12,21,22)に接触して配置される複数の転動体(13,23)と、
前記転動体(13,23)を転動自在に保持する保持器(14,24)とを備え、
前記保持器(14,24)は、請求の範囲第1項に記載の保持器(14,24)である、転がり軸受(1,2)。 - 工作機械(90)の主軸(91)を、前記主軸(91)に対向するように配置される部材(92)に対して回転自在に支持するように用いられる、請求の範囲第4項に記載の転がり軸受(1,2)。
- 転がり軸受(1,2)において転動体(13,23)を保持する保持器(14,24)の製造方法であって、
マグネシウム合金を加熱することにより液相を生じさせる工程と、
液相が生じた前記マグネシウム合金を、前記保持器(14,24)の形状に対応する形状を有するキャビティ部(61,61A,61B)を備えた型(60)に射出して前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)を前記マグネシウム合金で充填することにより、前記マグネシウム合金を前記保持器(14,24)の形状に成形する工程と、
前記保持器(14,24)の形状に成形された前記マグネシウム合金からなる前記保持器(14,24)を、前記型(60)から取り出す工程とを備え、
前記マグネシウム合金を前記保持器(14,24)の形状に成形する工程では、液相を含む前記マグネシウム合金が合流することにより形成されたボイドを含む領域である合流領域が、前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)の外部に流出する、保持器(14,24)の製造方法。 - 前記マグネシウム合金は、アルミニウム、亜鉛およびマンガンを含有している、請求の範囲第6項に記載の保持器(14,24)の製造方法。
- 前記保持器(14)は、くし型形状を有している、請求の範囲第6項に記載の保持器(14)の製造方法。
- マグネシウム合金からなり、転がり軸受(1,2)において転動体(13,23)を保持する保持器(14,24)の射出成形に用いられる型(60)であって、
前記保持器(14,24)の形状に対応する形状を有するキャビティ部(61,61A,61B)と、
前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)に接続され、前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)に前記マグネシウム合金を供給するゲート部(62A)を含むランナー部(62)とを備え、
前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)は、前記ランナー部(62)のゲート部(62A)から前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)に供給された前記マグネシウム合金が合流する領域であるウエルド領域(65)を含み、
前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)の前記ウエルド領域(65)に接続され、前記ウエルド領域(65)に到達して前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)から溢れた前記マグネシウム合金を貯留するオーバーフロー部(66)をさらに備えた、射出成形用の型(60)。 - 前記ランナー部(62)において、前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)との境界面であるゲート部境界面の面積は、前記ゲート部境界面に隣接し、前記ゲート部境界面に平行な面における断面積に比べて小さくなっており、
前記オーバーフロー部(66)において、前記キャビティ部(61,61A,61B)との境界面である排出部境界面の断面積は、前記排出部境界面に隣接し、前記排出部境界面に平行な面における断面積に比べて小さくなっている、請求の範囲第9項に記載の射出成形用の型(60)。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/202,529 US9192986B2 (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-02-17 | Cage, rolling bearing, method for manufacturing cage, and injection mold |
| CN201080008974.4A CN102326006B (zh) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-02-17 | 保持器、滚动轴承、保持器的制造方法及注塑成型用的模具 |
| EP10743773.3A EP2400176B1 (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-02-17 | Holder, rolling bearing, method of manufacturing holder and injection molding die |
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| JP2009-037787 | 2009-02-20 | ||
| JP2009037787A JP5388277B2 (ja) | 2009-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | 保持器、転がり軸受、保持器の製造方法および射出成形用の型 |
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| WO2010095647A1 true WO2010095647A1 (ja) | 2010-08-26 |
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| US (1) | US9192986B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2400176B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5388277B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20110123745A (ja) |
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| WO2011111729A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-10 | 2011-09-15 | Ntn株式会社 | 保持器および転がり軸受 |
| CN103042111A (zh) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-04-17 | 大连瑞谷科技有限公司 | 铜保持架高精度异型孔一次冲压成型模具 |
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| JP2012180886A (ja) * | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-20 | Ntn Corp | 保持器および転がり軸受 |
| JP6205117B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-06 | 2017-09-27 | Ntn株式会社 | 円錐ころ軸受用樹脂保持器 |
| JP6211260B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-16 | 2017-10-11 | Ntn株式会社 | 冠形保持器および玉軸受 |
| JP6178117B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-31 | 2017-08-09 | Ntn株式会社 | 転がり軸受用保持器、転がり軸受、及び転がり軸受用保持器の製造方法 |
| DE102014212072A1 (de) * | 2014-06-24 | 2015-12-24 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Lagerkäfig oder Lagerkäfigsegment |
| GB2528244A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-20 | Skf Ab | Method for producing a cage of a roller bearing |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011111729A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-10 | 2011-09-15 | Ntn株式会社 | 保持器および転がり軸受 |
| US9284982B2 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2016-03-15 | Ntn Corporation | Cage and rolling bearing |
| CN103042111A (zh) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-04-17 | 大连瑞谷科技有限公司 | 铜保持架高精度异型孔一次冲压成型模具 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102326006A (zh) | 2012-01-18 |
| JP5388277B2 (ja) | 2014-01-15 |
| CN102326006B (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
| EP2400176A4 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
| US9192986B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
| US20120039558A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
| EP2400176B1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| JP2010190385A (ja) | 2010-09-02 |
| KR20110123745A (ko) | 2011-11-15 |
| EP2400176A1 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
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