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WO2010075674A1 - 一种太阳能聚集装置和采用该装置的建筑构件 - Google Patents

一种太阳能聚集装置和采用该装置的建筑构件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010075674A1
WO2010075674A1 PCT/CN2009/001601 CN2009001601W WO2010075674A1 WO 2010075674 A1 WO2010075674 A1 WO 2010075674A1 CN 2009001601 W CN2009001601 W CN 2009001601W WO 2010075674 A1 WO2010075674 A1 WO 2010075674A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar energy
mirror
energy collecting
collecting device
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2009/001601
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘阳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Powertech Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Beijing Powertech Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2009100760121A external-priority patent/CN101457989B/zh
Priority claimed from CN200910077223A external-priority patent/CN101782280A/zh
Application filed by Beijing Powertech Co Ltd filed Critical Beijing Powertech Co Ltd
Publication of WO2010075674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010075674A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
    • F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F24S2023/872—Assemblies of spaced reflective elements on common support, e.g. Fresnel reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/56—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by means for preventing heat loss
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of solar energy application technology, and in particular to a solar energy gathering device. Background technique
  • a solar energy concentrating device having a structure such as a parabolic mirror, a Fresnel mirror, a flat strip mirror, and the like is disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,296,737, US Pat. No. 4,770, 162, US Pat.
  • the main problem the gravity of the structure itself and the influence of the wind, increases the quality of the structure. General wind forces will distort and deform the mirror, reducing the efficiency of collection. If the wind and strong winds will destroy the entire system, and these collection systems are not rain and dustproof, and are not convenient for maintenance, the cost and cost are constantly increasing.
  • the use area is small, and a single piece of glass covers the device casing to prevent dust pollution, but causes The heat absorption performance is lowered, so that industrial use effects cannot be formed.
  • the small trough line focusing device has a short length of a single focal line, a single absorption device is also short, and there is a disadvantage that reflected light cannot be sufficiently obtained by the absorption device, and the boundary loss is large and the efficiency is low.
  • material utilization is low and manufacturing costs are high.
  • the present invention provides a solar energy gathering device.
  • the solar energy collecting device includes a closed frame, a mirror and an absorbing device.
  • the light-transmissive surface of the enclosed frame is covered with a glass plate, the mirror is mounted in a closed frame and has a long focal line, and the absorption device is mounted on the mirror At the telephoto line position, the mirror tracks the change in position of the sun to reflect sunlight to the telephoto line.
  • the mirror can be of a lightweight construction.
  • the mirrors may employ a parabolic or parabolic trough combination or a Fresnel array-shaped focusing structure.
  • the mirror can be in the form of a front reflection.
  • the mirror can be made of a thin aluminum plate with high reflectivity, or a pure silver, pure aluminum or other high-reflective material can be used as a reflective film on the film substrate. It is further preferred that the reflective film of the mirror is covered with an enhanced reflective coating to further increase reflectivity and protect the reflective coating.
  • a support frame can be mounted at the rear of the mirror to enhance the mirror strength to maintain shape accuracy.
  • Multiple support frames are modularly connected using a glass tube skeleton structure.
  • the solar energy collecting device may include a connecting device connected to the absorbent device of the plurality of modules.
  • the solar concentrating device can be modularly assembled and connected to each solar absorbing device by a connecting device to form a larger-scale solar concentrating device.
  • the absorbing device may be a photovoltaic absorbing device or a photovoltaic/photothermal composite absorbing device.
  • Solar collectors can be used as building components, such as building a roof or wall, saving construction costs while eliminating the need for additional installation space to facilitate the deployment of the unit.
  • the structure of the invention Compared with the existing solar energy gathering device, the structure of the invention has the following advantages: (1) The invention installs the solar concentrator in the closed frame, so that the large-area mirror does not have to consider wind resistance and dust pollution. Significantly reduce material use, reduce cost, no wind impact, light body structure, and greatly reduce the power and intensity of the tracking drive system, which is helpful for improving tracking accuracy and reducing costs. (2) The modular frame and the modular mirror structure can obtain long focal lines.
  • the long linear absorption device placed at the long focal line position can avoid the boundary loss caused by the short device, improve the absorption efficiency and reduce the cost; (3) Ben
  • the invention adopts modular assembly structure, simple manufacturing method, low cost, convenient installation and maintenance, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application; (4)
  • the invention can also be used as a top or frame for building a building, thereby saving construction cost. It is also conducive to the promotion and use of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solar energy collecting device according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • 2 is a schematic view showing a structure in which a mirror surface is assembled to form a long focusing line
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the entire mirror surface
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a light body structure mirror
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the position of the mirror when the solar elevation angle is low
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the position of the mirror when the solar elevation angle is high
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the position of the mirror when the sun height angle is the highest
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the solar gathering device placed upright
  • Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 respectively show state diagrams of different solar incident angles when the mirror adopts a Fresnel array structure
  • Fig. 12 is a view showing the structure of a solar energy collecting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a solar energy collecting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solar energy gathering device includes a closed frame.
  • the frame may include a plurality of frame units, such as adjacent frame units 121, 122, and 123. Multiple frame units can be secured together by snapping or soldering.
  • the frame is mainly covered by a light-emitting surface (for example, a top) to cover the transparent glass plate 140, and the glass plates of adjacent modules are planarly connected using, for example, a sealing rubber, and the remaining outer surfaces of the entire frame may be covered with a sheet material to form a closed type having a light-transmissive surface. Framework.
  • a light-emitting surface for example, a top
  • a mirror is mounted in the closed frame. Taking the frame unit 121 as an example, the mirror units 101-1 and 101-2 are mounted therein.
  • the mirror is mounted inside the enclosed frame so that it is not affected by bad weather and the mirror is damaged, and sunlight can also shine through the top glass onto the mirror.
  • the mirror is of a lightweight construction, such as a thin sheet of material (such as a thin aluminum sheet having a good reflectivity or a PET film coated with a highly reflective material, a plastic film such as PC).
  • the mirrors can be made into a parabolic trough, a parabolic trough or a Fresnel array, and are optically designed to concentrate incident light onto a focal line.
  • the mirror is of the front reflection type, and a thin aluminum plate with high reflectivity may be used, or pure silver, pure aluminum or other high-reverse material may be plated on the light incident surface of the film substrate.
  • Reflective film and in order to further improve the reflectivity and reduce the damage of the coating in harsh environments, the highly reflective film can be coated with a reinforced reflective coating and has the ability to block the intrusion of moisture and oxygen to improve the reflectivity and prevent oxidation of the reflective surface. Causes the reflectivity to drop.
  • the enhanced reflection and protective barrier coating can have long-term anti-reflection because it will not be attacked by severe wind and sand. And protective ability to keep the mirror highly reflective. This type of front reflection can be maintained for a long time.
  • embossed high-reflection film More than 90%, even more than 95% high reflectivity.
  • cover the embossed high-reflection film with a reinforced reflective coating or a protective coating to enhance reflection or film protection.
  • the mirror can have a long life cycle and always maintain a high reflectivity, compared to the currently known rear-reflecting glass mirrors and aluminum mirrors used in open environments. It can increase the reflection efficiency by 10% ⁇ 20%. Therefore, although the mirror is placed in the enclosed space, the light is 10% to 15% lost when it enters through the cover glass, but the overall absorption efficiency of the system is not greatly reduced, and even improved during long-term operation. .
  • a support bracket is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the mirror.
  • the support bracket is described below.
  • the antireflection and antireflection optical film are coated or covered with an anti-reflection antireflection optical film in consideration of environmental erosion or external surface wear caused by cleaning and maintenance.
  • the solar energy collecting device further includes at least one linear absorption device, such as a heat absorbing tube 110-1 penetrating through the frame units 121-123 and a heat absorbing tube 1 10-2 penetrating the adjacent unit.
  • the heat absorbing tube is fixed at the focal line position of the mirror inside the frame, and the sunlight is incident on the mirror, and is reflected by the reflection at the heat absorbing tube, thereby heating the heat conductive medium flowing inside the heat absorbing tube to form energy conversion.
  • the ends of the two adjacent heat absorbing tubes may be connected by a connecting short tube 131, and the top end is connected with the system connecting tube 130, and the heat of all the heat absorbing tubes in the device is summarized and then exported.
  • Each of the mirrors in the solar concentrating device can be adjusted according to the position of the sun at different times of the day, so that the incident sunlight is always incident in the direction of the main axis of the mirror to achieve an optical focusing effect, which will be described below.
  • an access door is provided in the frame (for example, the side).
  • a solar collector can be used as the top of the building.
  • the modular combination of the sealing frame structure used in the solar focusing device can be used for large-area use; since the frame structure has good mechanical strength and sealing and a certain thermal insulation effect, it can be used as a good building covering, such as a roof.
  • conversion is usually set in general solar energy utilization systems (for example, using a steam generator to convert heat of heat transfer oil into water vapor, using an inverter to convert direct current obtained by a solar battery into alternating current transformer use and grid connection) and an energy storage device. (Charge storage device and power storage device), the conversion device and/or the energy storage device can be disposed under the cover layer formed by the solar energy collection device, and the cover layer and the building wall can be utilized.
  • the waterproof insulation and sealing protection function reduces the cost and facilitates the installation.
  • the energy required for the solar energy conversion and/or storage device can be obtained through a short transmission path, reducing the loss of pipelines and wires, and improving energy utilization. effectiveness.
  • the support column can be arranged at a distance between the ground and the top of the building in the X, Y directions, and supported by the wall at the outermost edge, connecting the bottom connection point of the frame structure of the solar focusing device with the top and wall of the support column.
  • the upper edge is fixedly connected to form a new building of a certain area.
  • the top sealing structure gives the building a good waterproof and insulation performance. In order to maintain good drainage, especially to increase the lighting area and reduce the attenuation of incident light, the top is optimally maintained at a certain angle to the sun.
  • the incident light can be concentrated on a long focal line, for example, the length of the focal line can be up to 10 meters or even 100 meters, and the focal line
  • the ratio of the length to the width of the mirror can be, for example, more than 10 or even 100 times.
  • a long linear absorption device is fixedly mounted at the focal line position, and a through-end heat absorption tube is used when the absorption device is a linear heat absorption tube, which can reduce the edge loss between the mirror and the absorption device, and greatly improve the reflection.
  • the absorption efficiency of light, and the cost can be significantly reduced.
  • Each telephoto line absorption device is further connected by a system connection tube to form a large-area application, and has obvious cost and efficiency advantages compared with some small-sized, short-reflection and absorption-length devices, and is more suitable for industrialization.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the mirror surface to form a long focusing line.
  • a plurality of parabolic mirrors 201 are assembled to increase the length of the mirror surface to form a long focusing line structure, and the heat absorbing tube 210 is located at the focal line position, so that the heat absorbing tube can effectively absorb the solar heat.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the mirror holder
  • Fig. 4 is an inverted perspective view thereof.
  • the mirror of the present invention can adopt a light body structure.
  • a support frame 304 made of a light material such as foam or the like is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the mirror.
  • a glass tube skeleton 406 is mounted at the hole 306 of the support frame, and the glass tube frame also realizes the connection between the mirror holders.
  • Figures 5, 6 and 7 show the corresponding positional changes of the parabolic mirrors for different sun positions.
  • a solar collector is used as the top of the building.
  • the solar energy gathering device can be provided with a certain inclination, and the inclination angle should not be too large for the purpose of construction and maintenance.
  • the inclination can be set to, for example, 5. - 35. , of which 5. More gradual, easy to maintain, but there is a certain loss of light utilization, 35. There is better utilization of sunlight, but the inclination is large and maintenance is relatively difficult. Since the position of the sun changes at different times of the day, the position changes.
  • the effective reflection of the sunlight by the mirror requires the mirror 501 in the frame unit 520 to track the change of the position of the sun, and rotates around the focal line to ensure that the direction of the incident sunlight is always parallel to the optical main surface of the mirror, so that the light is focused on the heat absorbing tube 510. , to achieve the best absorption efficiency.
  • Figures 5-7 illustrate the angle of incidence of sunlight 10, respectively. 42.5. And 75. The situation.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the solar gathering device placed upright.
  • the light-transmissive glass plate is directed to the direction of the sun, so that the structure can be used as a wall of an energy-saving building, thereby reducing construction cost and achieving energy saving.
  • Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 show state diagrams of different solar incident angles when the mirror adopts a Fresnel array structure.
  • the mirror array in the frame 921 is composed of a plurality of mirror strips 930-1, 930-3, 930-5, each of which has a longitudinal direction parallel to the optical focal line of the array, and each of the mirror strips can be Each of the axes along its length is rotated.
  • the small mirrors constituting the mirror array are rotated according to the change of the position of the sun, so that the light is focused on the heat absorbing tube 910 to achieve absorption efficiency. optimal.
  • the aggregation device can also be applied to photovoltaic applications.
  • the heat absorbing tube in the gathering device can be replaced by other absorbing devices.
  • the absorption device may be, for example, a photovoltaic absorption device or a photovoltaic/photothermal composite absorption device.
  • the photovoltaic absorption device converts the absorbed solar energy into electrical energy
  • the photovoltaic/photothermal composite absorption device can convert not only the absorbed sunlight into electrical energy.
  • the heat brought by sunlight can be absorbed and utilized, which not only improves the comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy, but also controls the temperature rise of the solar cell, improves the photovoltaic conversion efficiency, and prolongs the service life of the battery.
  • Fig. 12 is a view showing the construction of a solar concentrating device of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. Most of the components of Fig. 12 are the same as those of Fig. 1, and therefore will not be described again. The difference in Figure 12 is mainly due to the fact that the heat absorbing tube is replaced by photovoltaic absorbers 1210-1 and 1210-2.
  • the photovoltaic absorbers 1210-1 and 1210-2 can be composed of a concentrating photovoltaic cell that is linearly arranged.
  • the concentrating photovoltaic cell can be, for example, a silicon cell, a gallium arsenide cell, a CIS, a CIGS cell, or other type of cell.
  • the light-receiving surface of a general photovoltaic cell is flat. In order to obtain the best receiving effect, it is necessary to mount the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic absorption device or the photovoltaic/photothermal composite absorption device at the position of the concentrated focal line and make it reflect.
  • the optical main axis of the mirror is vertical to ensure that the light from the mirror is most efficiently converted.
  • the mirror is a parabolic trough or parabolic trough that rotates around the focal line
  • the light receiving surface also rotates at the same angle, so that the receiving surface and the mirror
  • the optical main shaft surface maintains a vertical relationship;
  • the mirror is a Fresnel array.
  • the mirror strips constituting the array rotate around the respective rotation axes, and the optical main surface of the entire array does not change. Therefore, the light receiving surface of the absorbing device does not have to be rotated during the tracking process to maintain
  • the optical spindle faces are vertical.
  • the photovoltaic absorption devices 1210-1 and 1210-2 convert the light reflected by the mirror 1201-1 or the like into electric energy.
  • the generated electrical energy can be sent to the grid 1260 via the inverter 1250 or directly to the user.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Description

一种太阳能聚集装置和采用该装置的建筑构件 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能应用技术领域， 具体来说涉及太阳能聚集装置。 背景技术
太阳能作为一种洁净、 环保的能源， 长期以来人们一直致力于对其 的开发和利用。 特别是近年来， 由于油价的不断攀升和对环境保护要求 的提高， 以及大气二氧化碳排放量的限制， 各国更加努力地开展了太阳 能利用方面的研究。
由于太阳辐射的功率密度较低， 为了充分地利用太阳能， 跟踪太阳 光的位置变化并将其光线聚集转化为热能和电能， 是太阳能利用中非常 重要的技术。
现有太阳能聚集技术中， 如美国专利 US4296737 , US4770162 , US4148564和 US5832362分别公开了具有抛物面反射镜、 费涅尔镜、 平 面条反射镜等结构的太阳能聚集装置， 但这些太阳能聚集装置中都存在 一个主要问题， 即结构自身的重力和要承受风的影响而增加结构的质量。 一般的风力将使反射镜扭曲和变形， 降低收集的效率。 如果是大风和强 风将毁坏整个系统， 同时这些收集系统不能防雨和防尘， 且不方便维修， 使得成本和造价不断地升高。
虽然有一些小型的太阳能利用系统采用了在吸收装置表面覆盖玻璃 板的方式， 达到防尘或抗风效果， 但使用面积较小， 单片玻璃覆盖在装 置外壳上防止了灰尘污染， 但导致了热量吸收性能的降低， 因此无法形 成工业化使用效果。 另外， 小型槽式线形聚焦装置单条焦线长度较短， 单条吸收装置也短， 存在反射光线不能充分被吸收装置获得、 边界损失 较多、 效率低的缺点。 此外， 材料利用率也低， 制造成本高。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供克服以上问题的太阳能聚集装置。
为此， 本发明提供一种太阳能聚集装置。 该太阳能聚集装置包括封 闭式框架， 反射镜和吸收装置。 封闭式框架的透光面使用玻璃板覆盖， 反射镜安装在封闭式框架内并且具有长焦线， 吸收装置安装在反射镜的 长焦线位置， 反射镜跟踪太阳的位置变化进行调整而将太阳光反射到所 述长焦线。
反射镜可以采用轻体结构。
反射镜可以采用抛物槽或抛物槽组合或菲涅耳阵列形聚焦结构。 反射镜可以采用前反射形式。 反射镜可采用具有高反射率的薄铝板， 也可采用在薄膜基材上镀制纯银、 纯铝或其它高反材料作为反射膜。 进 一步优选的是， 反射镜的反射膜上覆盖增强反射涂层,进一步提高反射率 并保护反射涂层。
可以在反射镜后部安装支撑架增强反射镜强度保持形状精度。 多个 支撑架采用玻璃管骨架结构模块化连接。
太阳能聚集装置可以包括连接装置， 连接装置连接至所述多个模块 中的吸收装置。 该太阳能聚集装置可以模块化拼装后利用连接装置连接 各太阳能吸收装置形成更大规模的太阳能聚集装置。
所述吸收装置可以是光伏吸收装置或者光伏 /光热复合吸收装置。 太阳能聚集装置可以用作为建筑构件， 例如搭建建筑物的顶部或墙 体使用， 既节约了建筑成本， 同时不需增加额外的安装空间为本装置的 推广提供帮助。
本发明的结构和已有的太阳能聚集装置相比较具有以下优点： ( 1 )本发明将太阳能聚光器安装在封闭式框架内， 使大面积的反射 镜不必考虑抗风性及沙尘污染， 大大减少材料使用， 降低成本， 无风力 影响， 轻体结构， 也大大降低跟踪驱动系统的功率及强度， 对于提高跟 踪精度， 降低成本大有帮助。 （2 )模块化框架和模块化反射镜结构可以 得到长的焦线， 在长焦线位置安置的长线形吸收装置可避免短装置造成 的边界损失， 提高吸收效率并降低成本； （3 ) 本发明采用模块化拼装组 合结构， 制造方法简单， 成本造价低廉， 安装和维修异常方便， 适合大 规模推广应用； （4 ) 本发明还可作为搭建建筑物的顶部或框架使用， 既 节约建筑成本， 又有利于装置的推广使用。 附图说明
下面将参照附图对本发明的具体实施方案进行更详细的说明， 其中： 图 1 是依据本发明第一优选实施方案的太阳能聚集装置的结构示意 图； 图 2是反射镜面拼装形成长聚焦线结构的示意图；
图 3是反射镜面整体示意图；
图 4是轻体结构反射镜面示意图；
图 5是太阳高度角较低时的反射镜位置示意图；
图 6是太阳高度角较高时的反射镜位置示意图；
图 7是太阳高度角最高时的反射镜位置示意图；
图 8是将太阳能聚集装置直立放置的示意图；
图 9,图 10和图 11分别表示了反射镜采用菲涅耳阵列形结构时不同 太阳入射角度下的状态图；
图 12表示了本发明第二实施方案的太阳能聚集装置的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
图 1 是本发明第一实施方案太阳能聚集装置的结构示意图。 如图所 示， 太阳能聚集装置包括一个封闭式框架。 该框架可以包括多个框架单 元， 例如相邻的框架单元 121、 122和 123。 多个框架单元可以通过卡接 或者焊接固定在一起。框架主要受光面（例如顶部）覆盖透光玻璃板 140, 相邻模块的玻璃板使用例如密封橡胶进行平面连接， 框架整体的其余各 外表面可以用板材覆盖， 形成一个有透光面的封闭式框架结构。 这样， 可以保证整个太阳能聚集装置内部无风力扰动， 并同时防水防尘， 可方 便自如地对受光面的玻璃板外面做周期性清洁。
封闭框架内安装有反射镜。 以框架单元 121 为例， 其内安装有反射 镜单元 101-1和 101-2。 反射镜安装在封闭框架的内部， 从而不会受到恶 劣天气的影响导致反射镜损坏， 同时太阳光也能透过顶部玻璃照射到反 射镜上。 在一个例子中， 所述反射镜采用轻体结构， 比如采用薄板材料 (如有较好反射率的薄铝板或镀有高反射材料的 PET,PC等塑料薄膜）制 作。 反射镜可以做成抛物槽型、 抛物槽组合型或菲涅耳阵列型， 其光学 设计为将入射光线汇聚到一条焦线上。
在进一步优化的例子中， 反射镜采用前反射式， 可采用具有高反射 率的薄铝板， 也可采用在薄膜基材的光线射入面上镀制纯银、 纯铝或其 它高反材料作为反射膜， 并且为进一步提高反射率并减少恶劣环境对镀 膜的损坏， 可在所镀高反射膜上覆盖增强反射涂层并具备阻隔水汽和氧 气侵入的能力， 以提高反射率并防止反射面氧化造成反射率下降。 该增 强反射及防护阻隔涂层由于不会受到严重风沙侵袭可以具有长期的增反 及防护能力， 使反射镜保持高反射效果。 此种前反射方式可以长期保持
90%以上， 甚至 95%以上的高反射率。 此外， 也可以在所镀高反射膜上覆 盖增强反射涂层或者保护涂层， 达到增强反射或膜层防护效果。
由于在封闭空间内反射镜得到很好的保护， 反射镜可以有长寿命周 期并且一直保持很高的反射率， 与当前已知使用的后反射玻璃镜及开放 环境中使用的铝镜相比， 可提高 10% ~ 20%的反射效率。 因此， 虽然反射 镜置于封闭空间内， 光线透过盖板玻璃入射进来时有 10% ~ 15%的损耗， 但系统的整体吸收效率并未有大的降低， 长期运行过程中甚至有所提高。
为增加反射镜的强度， 在反射镜底部固定安装支撑支架， 支撑支架 在下文作伴细介绍。
考虑到阳光透过玻璃板的衰减对整个装置吸收效率的影响， 优选在 玻璃盖板两面涂镀或覆盖减反射增透光学膜。 考虑到环境侵蚀或清洁维 护所导致的外表面磨损， 可以只在内表面涂镀或覆盖减反射增透光学膜。
太阳能聚集装置还包括至少一条线形的吸收装置， 例如贯穿框架单 元 121-123的吸热管 110 - 1和贯穿相邻单元的吸热管 1 10-2。吸热管固定 在框架内部反射镜的焦线位置， 太阳光入射在反射镜上， 经其反射聚焦 在吸热管处， 从而加热吸热管内部流动的导热介质形成能量转换。 两根 相邻吸热管末端可采用连接短管 131连接， 顶端与系统连接管 130相连， 装置内所有吸热管热量汇总后导出。
太阳能聚集装置中的每个反射镜可根据每天不同时刻的太阳位置作 相应调整， 使入射太阳光始终沿镜面主轴方向入射达到光学聚焦效果， 下文将对此描述。
另外， 为方便工作人员进入框架内部对聚光器进行检修， 在框架（例 如侧面）设置检修出入口。
太阳能聚集装置可以作为搭建建筑物的顶部。 太阳能聚焦装置采用 的密封框架结构模块化组合可以形成大面积使用； 由于该框架结构具有 良好的机械强度和密封以及一定的保温效果， 可以被当作很好的建筑物 覆盖层使用， 如屋顶等。 另外， 针对一般太阳能利用系统中通常设置转 换 （如利用蒸气发生器将导热油热量转化为水蒸气， 利用逆变器将太阳 能电池得到的直流电转化为交流电变压使用及并网） 以及蓄能装置 （蓄 热装置和蓄电装置） 的特点， 可以将该转换装置和 /或蓄能装置设置在本 太阳能聚集装置构成的覆盖层下方， 不但可以利用覆盖层与建筑墙体等 构成的防水保温及封闭保护功能， 降低成本， 方便安装， 同时可以使太 阳能转换和 /或储存装置所需的能量经过较短的传输路径即可得到， 减少 管路及电线的损失， 提高能源利用效率。
在一个例子中， 可以在地面或建筑顶部在 X, Y 两方向间隔一定距 离布置支撑柱， 在最外边缘以墙体为支撑， 将太阳能聚焦装置的框架结 构底部连接点与支撑柱顶端和围墙上沿相连接固定， 从而形成一定面积 的新建筑。 顶部的密封结构使建筑物具有良好的防水保温性能。 为保持 良好的排水， 特别是为了增加采光面积,减少入射光线衰减， 顶部最佳保 持一定的向太阳侧倾斜角。 由于太阳能聚集装置采用的大面积组合式框 架结构和组合式反射镜结构， 从而可以使入射光线能够汇聚在一条很长 的焦线上， 焦线长度例如可达 10米以上甚至 100米， 焦线长度与反射镜 宽度的比例如可超过 10倍甚至 100倍。 在此焦线位置固定安装一条很长 的线性吸收装置， 并且当吸收装置为线形吸热管时采用两端贯通式吸热 管， 可以减少反射镜与吸收装置之间的边缘损失， 大大提高反射光的吸 收效率， 并且成本可明显降低。 各长焦线吸收装置再通过系统连接管组 合连接， 形成大面积应用， 与一些小尺寸， 短反射与吸收长度的装置相 比， 具有明显的成本和效率优势， 更加适合工业化推广。
图 2是反射镜面拼装形成长聚焦线结构的示意图。 图中利用多个抛 物面型反射镜 201 进行拼装， 使镜面长度增长， 形成长聚焦线结构， 吸 热管 210位于焦线位置， 从而使吸热管能有效吸收太阳热量。
图 3示意了反射镜支架的立体视图， 图 4是其倒置后的立体视图。 如前文所述， 本发明中反射镜可采用轻体结构， 为增加反射镜的强度， 在反射镜底部固定安装了由轻体材料如泡沫塑料等制成的支撑架 304。为 进一步增加支撑架的强度， 在支撑架的孔 306处安装玻璃管骨架 406 , 同 时玻璃管骨架也实现了各反射镜支架之间的连接。
图 5、 图 6和图 7表示了不同太阳位置时， 抛物线型反射镜相应的位 置变化示意图。 在图中， 太阳能聚集装置作为建筑顶部使用。 考虑到充 分利用入射光利用效率和太阳高度角之间的关系， 太阳能聚集装置可设 有一定的倾斜度， 同时为便于施工和维护， 该倾斜角度不宜过大。 以北 京地区为例， 该倾斜度可设为例如 5。 - 35。， 其中 5。较平緩， 维护方便， 但有一定的光利用损失， 35。有较好的太阳光利用率， 但倾斜较大,维护相 对困难。 由于太阳位置在一天的不同时刻， 其位置发生变化， 为增加反 射镜对阳光的有效反射， 需要框架单元 520 内的反射镜 501跟踪太阳位 置变化， 而绕焦线转动， 保证入射太阳光方向始终平行于镜面光学主轴 面， 使光线聚焦在吸热管 510处， 实现吸收效率最佳。 图 5-7分别示意了 太阳光入射角度 10。、 42.5。和 75。的情形。
图 8是将太阳能聚集装置直立放置的示意图。 太阳能聚集装置中， 透光玻璃板一面指向太阳方向， 这样就可以将此结构作为节能建筑物的 墙体使用， 减少建筑成本， 实现了节能目的。
图 9,图 10和图 11表示了反射镜采用菲涅耳阵列形结构时不同太阳 入射角度下的状态图。 如图所示， 框架 921 中的反射镜阵列由若干反射 镜条 930-1 , 930-3 , 930-5组合而成， 各镜条长度方向与阵列的光学焦线 平行， 并且各镜条可沿自身长度方向的轴线各自转动。 当太阳位置改变 时， 为保证入射太阳光经反射后实现聚焦目的， 组成反射镜阵列的各小 反射镜要随太阳位置的变动而转动， 从而实现光线聚焦在吸热管 910处， 实现吸收效率最佳。
需要说明的是， 聚集装置也可以应用在光伏场合。 换句话说， 聚集 装置中的吸热管可以由其它的吸收装置所代替。 吸收装置比如可以是光 伏吸收装置， 也可以是光伏 /光热复合吸收装置,光伏吸收装置将吸收的太 阳光能转换为电能,光伏 /光热复合吸收装置不但可以将吸收的太阳光转 换为电能，同时还可以将太阳光带来的热量加以吸收利用，不但提高了太 阳能综合利用率,还可以控制太阳能电池的温升，提高光伏转换效率，延长 电池使用寿命。
图 12 表示了本发明第二优选实施方案太阳能聚集装置的结构示意 图。 图 12的多数部件与图 1相同， 故此不复贅述。 图 12不同之处主要 在于吸热管被光伏吸收装置 1210-1 和 1210-2 所替代。 光伏吸收装置 1210-1和 1210-2可以由聚光光伏电池组成线性 _悱列而成。 聚光光伏电池 组可以例如是硅电池、 砷化镓电池、 CIS , CIGS电池或其它种类电池。
需要特别说明的是,一般光伏电池受光面为平面， 为了得到最好的接 收效果， 需要将光伏吸收装置或光伏 /光热复合吸收装置的受光面安装在 聚光焦线位置并使其与反射镜的光学主轴面垂直， 以保证来自反射镜的 光线被最有效转化利用。 因此， 如果反射镜为绕焦线转动的抛物槽式或 抛物槽组合式， 在跟踪转动过程中， 在反射镜绕焦线转动的同时， 受光 面也要转动相同角度， 使受光面与反射镜光学主轴面保持垂直关系； 如 果反射镜为菲涅耳阵列， 在跟踪过程中， 组成阵列的各反射镜条绕各自 转轴转动， 整个阵列的光学主轴面不发生变化， 所以跟踪过程中吸收装 置受光面不必转动即可保持与光学主轴面垂直。
光伏吸收装置 1210-1和 1210-2将反射镜 1201-1等反射的光转化为 电能。 所产生的电能可以经逆变器 1250送往电网 1260或者直接给用户 供电。
显而易见， 在不偏离本发明的真实精神和范围的前提下， 在此描述 的本发明可以有许多变化。 因此， 所有对于本领域技术人员来说显而易 见的改变， 都应包括在本权利要求书所涵盖的范围之内。 本发明所要求 保护的范围仅由所述的权利要求书进行限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于包括封闭式框架， 反射镜和吸收 装置， 其中封闭式框架的透光面使用玻璃板覆盖， 反射镜安装在封闭式 框架内并且具有长焦线， 吸收装置安装在反射镜的长焦线位置， 反射镜 跟踪太阳的位置变化进行调整而将太阳光反射到所述长焦线。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于反射镜采用轻 体结构。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于， 反射镜采用 抛物槽或抛物槽组合或菲涅耳阵列形聚焦结构。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于反射镜采用高 反射铝板或镀有纯银、 纯铝或其它高反材料的薄膜材料。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于反射镜采用前 反射形式。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于反射镜的反射 膜上覆盖有增强反射效果的光学涂层。
7、根据权利要求 5所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于反射镜的反射 膜上覆盖有保护涂层。
8、根据权利要求 5所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于反射镜的反射 膜上覆盖有增强反射效果及保护功能的涂层。
9、根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于反射镜后部安 装支撑架。
1 0、根据权利要求 9所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于包括玻璃管， 作为骨架将模块化排列的多个所述支撑架连接在一起。
1 1、 根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于反射镜包括 多个反射镜单元， 所述多个反射镜单元各自的焦线重合并且构成所述长 焦线。
1 2、 根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于包括所述封 闭式框架为多个框架模块化组合， 并且所述多个框架统一封闭。
1 3、根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于包括连接管， 连接管连接至所述多个封闭式框架之一中的吸收器。
14、 根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于， 封闭式框 架的骨架采用钢构架结构。
1 5、 根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于包括设置在 封闭式框架上的检修出入口。
1 6、 根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于在玻璃板两 面或至少内表面涂镀或覆盖减反射增透光学膜。
1 7、根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于跟踪过程中， 吸收装置的受光面保持与反射镜的光学主轴面垂直。
1 8、 根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能聚集装置， 其特征在于， 其中所述 吸收装置是光伏吸收装置或者光伏 /光热复合吸收装置。
1 9、 建筑构件， 包括根据权利要求 1-18之一所述的太阳能聚集装置。
20、根据权利要求 19所述的建筑构件， 其特征在于所述建筑构件作为 建筑物的顶部或墙体。
21、 如权利要求 19所述的建筑构件， 其特征在于还包括转换装置和 / 或蓄能装置， 用于将吸收装置产生的能量转换或储存或使用或传输。
PCT/CN2009/001601 2009-01-04 2009-12-30 一种太阳能聚集装置和采用该装置的建筑构件 Ceased WO2010075674A1 (zh)

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