WO2010074059A1 - 磁気共鳴イメージング装置及び読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法 - Google Patents
磁気共鳴イメージング装置及び読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/565—Correction of image distortions, e.g. due to magnetic field inhomogeneities
- G01R33/56572—Correction of image distortions, e.g. due to magnetic field inhomogeneities caused by a distortion of a gradient magnetic field, e.g. non-linearity of a gradient magnetic field
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/4816—NMR imaging of samples with ultrashort relaxation times such as solid samples, e.g. MRI using ultrashort TE [UTE], single point imaging, constant time imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/4818—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space
- G01R33/4824—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space using a non-Cartesian trajectory
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/5608—Data processing and visualization specially adapted for MR, e.g. for feature analysis and pattern recognition on the basis of measured MR data, segmentation of measured MR data, edge contour detection on the basis of measured MR data, for enhancing measured MR data in terms of signal-to-noise ratio by means of noise filtering or apodization, for enhancing measured MR data in terms of resolution by means for deblurring, windowing, zero filling, or generation of gray-scaled images, colour-coded images or images displaying vectors instead of pixels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (hereinafter referred to as an MRI apparatus), and more particularly, to an MRI apparatus that realizes an imaging method for measuring a magnetic resonance signal (nonlinear measurement) from the rising edge of a readout gradient magnetic field.
- an MRI apparatus that realizes an imaging method for measuring a magnetic resonance signal (nonlinear measurement) from the rising edge of a readout gradient magnetic field.
- One of the high-speed imaging methods of the MRI apparatus is imaging by the gradient echo method.
- a phase gradient magnetic field that diffuses the phase of the spin is applied in the readout direction before measuring the magnetic resonance signal, and then a rephase gradient magnetic field is applied. Generate an echo.
- data before and after the signal peak can be obtained.
- Imaging by this gradient echo method has a shorter echo time TE (time during which signal peaks occur) compared to a spin-echo pulse sequence that uses a high-frequency magnetic field pulse for spin inversion, which can greatly reduce the imaging time.
- TE time during which signal peaks occur
- spin-echo pulse sequence that uses a high-frequency magnetic field pulse for spin inversion
- a signal is measured from the rising edge of the gradient magnetic field, and in addition, a half-wave high-frequency magnetic field pulse is used as a high-frequency magnetic field pulse for exciting spins.
- Techniques for measuring a signal with echo time have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 and 2). This method is called UTE measurement and can further shorten TE. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to imaging of tissue with a short lateral relaxation time T2, which has been difficult to image with conventional MRI, such as bone tissue. ing.
- a radial scan is performed without using a phase encoding gradient magnetic field.
- a plurality of signals are measured while varying the gradient magnetic field strength in each direction of the readout gradient magnetic field constituted by the gradient magnetic fields in the biaxial direction or the triaxial direction.
- the measurement data obtained in this way is collected radially from the origin of the k space because the measurement data is collected from the peak of the signal toward the base.
- a process called gridding is required.
- Gridding is a process of converting the coordinates of measurement data determined by the gradient magnetic field strength in each axial direction of the readout gradient magnetic field into the coordinates of lattice points in k space consisting of a square or a cubic lattice.
- the coordinates of the raw measurement data are determined based on the calculated gradient magnetic field values (gradient magnetic field application timing and intensity set in the apparatus).
- the actually applied gradient magnetic field is slightly deviated from the calculated value of the gradient magnetic field due to the characteristics of the gradient magnetic field coil and the deviation of the control timing of the apparatus.
- the k-space data gridded based on the calculated value includes an error, and when this is reconstructed, the image quality is degraded.
- the problem of the gridding process caused by the difference between the gradient magnetic field setting value (theoretical value) and the actually applied gradient magnetic field strength occurs not only in UTE measurement but also in the case of radial scan.
- the present applicant has proposed a method for solving this problem. This method uses a plurality of echo signals to calculate a shift amount for correcting the peak position of the echo signal (that is, the position that is the origin of the k space).
- the present invention has an object to provide an MRI apparatus capable of solving the above-described problems caused by gridding of measurement data of UTE measurement and performing accurate gridding.
- the present invention calculates a correction value based on the difference between the setting value of the readout gradient magnetic field in the imaging pulse sequence and the actual output value, and is acquired in the imaging pulse sequence using this correction value.
- the echo data is corrected, or the readout gradient magnetic field in the imaging pulse sequence is corrected.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention includes a high-frequency magnetic field generation unit, a gradient magnetic field generation unit, a control unit that controls measurement of a magnetic resonance signal by controlling the high-frequency magnetic field generation unit and the gradient magnetic field generation unit,
- the control unit includes an imaging pulse sequence that measures a magnetic resonance signal from the rising state of the readout gradient magnetic field, and corrects based on the difference between the set value of the readout gradient magnetic field and the actual output value in the imaging pulse sequence
- a correction value calculation unit for calculating a value is provided. Then, using this correction value, the echo data acquired in the imaging pulse sequence is corrected, or the readout gradient magnetic field in the imaging pulse sequence is corrected.
- the readout gradient magnetic field error correction method of the present invention executes a pre-scan sequence and measures a magnetic resonance signal for detecting a difference between a readout gradient magnetic field setting value and an actual output value in an imaging pulse sequence.
- a correction step for correcting the readout gradient magnetic field in the imaging pulse sequence executes a pre-scan sequence and measures a magnetic resonance signal for detecting a difference between a readout gradient magnetic field setting value and an actual output value in an imaging pulse sequence.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention includes a pre-scan sequence in addition to the imaging pulse sequence, and the correction value calculation unit is set to the imaging sequence using measurement data obtained in the pre-scan sequence.
- a deviation between the setting value at the start of application of the read gradient magnetic field and the application start time of the actually applied readout gradient magnetic field is calculated as a correction value.
- the correction value calculated by the correction value calculation unit is used, for example, to correct parameter values used for gridding when gridding is performed in which measurement data obtained by measurement using an imaging pulse sequence is arranged in k-space data. Then, the calculation unit grids the measurement data obtained by the measurement using the imaging pulse sequence, using the parameter corrected by the correction value.
- the pre-scan sequence includes, for example, a sequence of measuring a magnetic resonance signal while applying a read gradient magnetic field in which the polarity of the phase gradient magnetic field is reversed after application of the phase gradient magnetic field.
- Second pre-scan sequence includes, for example, a sequence of measuring a magnetic resonance signal while applying a read gradient magnetic field in which the polarity of the phase gradient magnetic field is reversed after application of the phase gradient magnetic field.
- the gridding parameter is corrected using the data obtained by the previous measurement (pre-scan), and when the data obtained by the main imaging is gridded, the correction is performed according to the actually applied gradient magnetic field. Since gridding is performed using the coordinate transformation formula, an image with excellent image quality can be obtained without image distortion or contrast change caused by a deviation between the calculated value of the gradient magnetic field and the actually applied condition. .
- the correction starting point using the data obtained by the pre-scan is used to correct the application start time point of the readout gradient magnetic field in the imaging pulse sequence, so that the gradient magnetic field can be corrected without performing gridding correction.
- the deviation between the calculated value and the actually applied condition can be eliminated.
- summary of the MRI apparatus with which this invention is applied The figure which shows the procedure of the imaging by the MRI apparatus of this invention Diagram showing an example of the pulse sequence of the main imaging Figure explaining the measurement data obtained in Figure 3 and its gridding
- the figure which shows an example of the prescan sequence by 1st Embodiment The figure which shows the search processing procedure of 1st Embodiment (a) and (b) are diagrams for explaining pre-processing of echo obtained by pre-scan.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration diagram of an MRI apparatus to which the present invention is applied
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration of a control unit as a main part for applying the present invention.
- the MRI apparatus mainly includes a static magnetic field generation system 11 that generates a uniform static magnetic field around the subject 10, and magnetic fields in three axial directions (x, y, z) orthogonal to the static magnetic field.
- Gradient magnetic field generation system 12 for applying a gradient, high-frequency magnetic field generation system 13 for applying a high-frequency magnetic field to subject 10
- reception system 14 for detecting a magnetic resonance signal generated from subject 10, and magnetism received by reception system 14
- a reconstruction calculation unit 15 that reconstructs a tomographic image or spectrum of a subject using a resonance signal
- a control system 16 that controls operations of the gradient magnetic field generation system 12, the high-frequency magnetic field generation system 13, and the reception system 14 are provided. Yes.
- the static magnetic field generation system 11 is provided with a magnet such as a permanent magnet or a superconducting magnet, and the subject is placed in the bore of the magnet.
- the gradient magnetic field generation system 12 includes a gradient magnetic field coil 121 in three axial directions and a gradient magnetic field power source 122 that drives these gradient magnetic field coils 121.
- the high-frequency magnetic field generating system 13 receives a high-frequency oscillator 131, a modulator 132 that modulates a high-frequency signal generated by the high-frequency oscillator 131, a high-frequency amplifier 133 that amplifies the modulated high-frequency signal, and a high-frequency signal from the high-frequency amplifier 133.
- an irradiation coil 134 for irradiating the subject 10 with a high-frequency magnetic field pulse.
- the receiving system 14 includes a receiving coil 141 that detects a magnetic resonance signal (echo signal) from the subject 10, a receiving circuit 142 that receives a signal detected by the receiving coil 141, and an analog signal received by the receiving circuit 142.
- the A / D converter 143 converts the signal into a digital signal at the sampling frequency.
- the digital signal (echo data, measurement data) output from the A / D converter 143 is subjected to calculations such as correction calculation and Fourier transform in the reconstruction calculation unit 15 to reconstruct an image.
- the processing result in the reconstruction calculation unit 15 is displayed on the display 17.
- the control system 16 controls the operation of the entire apparatus described above, and in particular, a sequencer for controlling the operations of the gradient magnetic field generation system 12, the high-frequency magnetic field generation system 13 and the reception system 14 at a predetermined timing determined by the imaging method. 18 and a storage unit (not shown) for storing parameters necessary for control.
- the timing of each magnetic field pulse generation controlled by the sequencer 18 is called a pulse sequence.
- Various pulse sequences are stored in advance in the storage unit, and imaging is performed by reading out and executing a desired pulse sequence.
- the control system 16 and the reconstruction calculation unit 15 are provided with a user interface for the user to set conditions necessary for the internal processing. Through this user interface, parameters necessary for selecting an imaging method and executing a pulse sequence are set.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention includes a UTE pulse sequence and a pre-measurement (prescan) sequence as a pulse sequence.
- pre-measurement is performed to obtain a conversion parameter (correction value) necessary for gridding processing of measurement data obtained by UTE measurement.
- FIG. 2 shows an imaging procedure according to the first embodiment.
- the imaging includes a processing flow 200 for deriving a correction value and a main imaging flow 210.
- the correction value processing flow 200 includes a pre-scan data acquisition step 201 and a gridding correction value calculation step 202 using pre-scan data.
- the main imaging flow 210 includes a data acquisition step 211 by main imaging, a gridding processing step 212 using the correction value derived in the processing flow 200, and a step 213 for reconstructing an image from k-space data after gridding. Consists of.
- Fig. 3 shows a typical UTE measurement pulse sequence.
- a half-wave high-frequency (RF) pulse 301 is applied together with a slice gradient magnetic field pulse 303, and then a readout gradient magnetic field pulse 305 is applied, and the echo signal 307 is measured simultaneously with the application.
- the signal measured without applying the phase gradient magnetic field is a FID having no peak, and is a signal having a maximum signal value when the application of the read gradient magnetic field pulse 305 is started.
- a / D309 indicates the sampling time of the echo signal.
- sampling is started slightly before the rising of the readout gradient magnetic field (the gradient magnetic field application start time set in the apparatus). As a result, even when the application start time of the gradient magnetic field deviates from the set time, sampling can be performed without missing the maximum value (peak) of the echo signal.
- the readout gradient magnetic field pulse 305 is, for example, a combination of gradient magnetic fields in the x-axis and y-axis directions, and repeats the same pulse sequence with different intensities of both to measure a plurality of echo signals 307. Thereby, an echo signal in the xy plane is obtained as measurement data. It is possible to obtain signals not only from the xy plane but also from any cross section by appropriately selecting the gradient magnetic field axis and combination used as the readout gradient magnetic field pulse.
- Fig. 4 (a) The raw measurement data obtained by UTE measurement as described above is shown in Fig. 4 (a).
- data arranged on one line corresponds to a signal obtained by one measurement.
- the data interval is narrow from the start of data measurement (left side in the figure) until the gradient magnetic field strength becomes constant.
- this is arranged in the k space (kx-ky space), as shown in FIG. 4 (b), it becomes radial centered on the origin of the k space.
- the gridding processing step 212 such radial measurement data is converted into data on a k-space grid as shown in FIG. 4 (c).
- the readout gradient magnetic field 305 shown in FIG. 3 is started at the gradient magnetic field application start time (GCdelay) set in the apparatus and the rising shape of the gradient magnetic field pulse is an ideal trapezoid, that is, the set value ( If (theoretical value) is passed, as shown in Fig. 4 (b), the measurement data is radial data centered on the origin of k-space, and the data interval can be calculated from the trapezoidal shape. This is a predetermined interval determined by the amount (integral value with respect to the time axis).
- the gradient magnetic field pulse that is actually output from the apparatus and applied to the subject as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 3, the application start time is deviated from the calculated value, the rising slope is smaller than the calculated value, It may not be linear. In such a case, accurate k-space data cannot be obtained even by gridding based on the calculated value of the gradient magnetic field pulse.
- the correction value processing flow 200 is a process for obtaining a correction value for correcting the deviation between the actual gradient magnetic field pulse and the calculated value.
- pre-measurement pre-scan
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a prescan pulse sequence.
- the pre-scan consists of a sequence that uses a phase gradient magnetic field to generate a gradient echo (full echo) with a rephasing readout gradient magnetic field, and a rising edge of the readout gradient magnetic field without using the phase gradient magnetic field. It consists of two types of sequences: a sequence for measuring signals (non-linear echo).
- the RF pulse 501 and the slice gradient magnetic field 503 are the same as the RF pulse and the slice gradient magnetic field used in the UTE measurement.
- a slice refocus gradient magnetic field may be used.
- the cross section for exciting the spin by the RF pulse 501 and the slice gradient magnetic field 503 may be the same as or different from the main imaging.
- a slice gradient magnetic field application for selecting the xy plane of the apparatus for obtaining a correction value on the x-axis of the apparatus may be applied.
- echo signal 508 is measured while applying readout gradient magnetic field 506 with reversed polarity.
- a predetermined sampling time 510 is set across the echo time TE (when the application amounts of the phase gradient magnetic field 504 and the read gradient magnetic field 506 are the same), and a signal that peaks at TE is measured.
- the sequence for measuring the non-linear echo is the same as the UTE pulse sequence shown in FIG. 3, but the echo time TE is set to be the same as the full echo measurement sequence.
- the readout gradient magnetic field 506 is applied, and the signal 507 is measured immediately before this (sampling time 509). This signal has no peak as shown in the figure.
- the pre-scan consisting of the above two types of sequences is repeated with different readout gradient magnetic field strengths to obtain one set of measurement data.
- the number of echo signals included in one set of measurement data may be the same as or less than the UTE measurement that is the main measurement. It is preferable to obtain at least data of the biaxial or triaxial gradient magnetic field constituting the readout gradient magnetic field in each axial direction.
- correction data for gridding is calculated using the measurement data obtained by the prescan (step 202 in FIG. 2).
- the latter half of the peak of full echo is gridded and the Fourier transformed data is compared with the non-linear echo gridded and Fourier transformed data, and the nonlinear echo data matches the full echo data Correct the parameters of the fitting so that they are closest.
- the details of the step of calculating the gridding correction data are shown in FIG.
- the process of calculating the correction value is a process of performing gridding while changing the gridding parameter (condition) for the measured data, and searching for a parameter that best matches the full echo data and the non-linear echo data.
- the parameter obtained by the search process corresponds to a correction value (corrected parameter).
- the gridding parameter is a value determined from the shape and shape of the application start of the read gradient magnetic field.
- the range (search range) for changing the gridding parameters is set in consideration of the range of variation predicted from the characteristics of the gradient magnetic field.
- the full echo is preprocessed to obtain Fourier transformed data (step 601). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), this pre-processing is performed by extracting only the latter half portion from the peak position from the full echo obtained by pre-scanning, and performing the Fourier transform to obtain real space data. .
- the property of the following equation (1) of Fourier transform may be used.
- the deviation of the function f [n] by ⁇ n corresponds to the multiplication of the exponential function exp (2 ⁇ ik ⁇ n / N) by F [k] obtained by Fourier transforming f [n]. Therefore, the relative positional relationship between the center of the data and the peak position can be obtained by obtaining the slope of the phase when Fourier transform is performed on full-echo data having peaks. Gridding is performed using this peak position as the origin of coordinates. Since the full echo is data measured when the readout gradient magnetic field is constant, the data processed as described above depends on the start of application of the gradient magnetic field and the deviation from the calculated value (setting value) of the rising shape. Does not include errors.
- non-linear echo preprocessing is performed (step 603).
- this processing is the same as the full echo preprocessing.
- k-space data is Fourier transformed into real space data.
- the gridding parameters are assumed to be initial values, for example, assuming that the shape of the readout gradient magnetic field is a trapezoid whose height is 1, and that the application start point of the gradient magnetic field coincides with the peak of the echo. Calculate the coordinates of the measurement data.
- the result obtained in the previous process may be set as the initial value. Specifically, when the intensity of the gradient magnetic field when the nth data is acquired is expressed by the following equation (2), the coordinate equation at that time is expressed by equation (3).
- N nonlinear corresponds to the number of points measured during the rising period of the gradient magnetic field (the number of points measured nonlinearly)
- n peak corresponds to the peak position (application start time)
- G corresponds to the gradient magnetic field strength to be applied.
- FIG. 8 shows the gradient magnetic field strength and coordinates of the nth data calculated from the above formula.
- the real space data obtained by performing the Fourier transform after gridding the nonlinear echo is compared with the real space data of the full echo obtained in step 601. Specifically, the correlation coefficient between the two is calculated (step 604).
- the correlation coefficient only the absolute value of the real space data may be used, or a complex value may be used.
- the non-linear echo gridding parameters are changed, and steps 603 and 604 are repeated.
- the correlation coefficient is calculated by varying the application start time of the gradient magnetic field within a predetermined range. Changing the application start time corresponds to changing the value of n peak in Equation (2).
- the correlation coefficient is calculated by varying the gradient of the gradient magnetic field within a predetermined range. Changing the gradient of the gradient magnetic field is equivalent to changing the number of N nonlinear in Equation (2).
- step 606 the parameter (for example, the gradient magnetic field application start time n peak and the number of data points N nonlinear ) whose correlation coefficient is closest to 1 within the searched range is selected.
- a threshold value may be set in advance for the correlation coefficient, and a parameter when the correlation coefficient is equal to or less than the threshold value may be selected.
- the above is the process for calculating the correction value. It is ideal to calculate such correction values for all echoes (all of the radial data shown in FIG. 4 (b)) that make up the measurement data in actual imaging. Since it is considered that there is little change in the correction value of the matching echo, the correction value may be calculated for each data of a predetermined angle. That is, in the pre-scan, instead of measuring the same number of echoes as the measurement data of the main measurement, the number of echoes may be thinned and measured.
- the correction value is obtained only for the two-axis direction, and if the measurement data is three-dimensional k-space data, the correction value is obtained only for the three-axis direction.
- the correction value can be interpolated or synthesized at a ratio corresponding to the ratio of the gradient magnetic field strength to obtain the correction value.
- the measurement data is subjected to gridding processing by UTE measurement that is the main imaging (griding processing step 212 in FIG. 2). ). That is, using the equation (3) corrected with the correction value n peak as the coordinate calculation formula at the time of gridding, first, k-space coordinates of the measurement data are calculated, and k-space coordinates at the time of gridding are calculated from these k-space coordinates. Determine the value of the data on the grid.
- the method for determining the data value on the grid is the same as the general gridding method. For example, data at a predetermined distance from one grid point is weighted and added according to the distance, and the value of the grid point To do. This is performed for all grid points in k space to obtain k space data. Finally, the k-space data after gridding is Fourier transformed to reconstruct an image (image reconstruction step 213 in FIG. 2).
- s, p, f are the depth, vertical and horizontal coordinates of the image corresponding to the data point
- s x , s y , s z , p x , p y , p z , f x , f y , f z is the element of the matrix that converts from the xyz coordinate system of the device to the spf coordinate system of the image
- n peakX , n peakY , n peakZ are the peak coordinates in each axis
- N nonlinearX , N nonlinearY , N nonlinearZ are in each axis Indicates the number of non-linear measurement points.
- pre-scan including two types of pulse sequences of full echo measurement and non-linear measurement is executed, and the correlation coefficient between the two types of data obtained by pre-scan is closest to 1.
- N nonlinear is the number of non-linear measurements
- n peak is the peak position.
- N nonlinear may be fixed and only the peak position may be changed, or N nonlinear may be changed.
- the process of calculating the correction value of the gridding parameter can be performed as a multi-stage process such as a two-stage or a three-stage process by changing the roughness of the change when changing the parameter or the type of the parameter.
- FIG. 9 shows the procedure for searching in a two-stage process.
- steps 901 to 905 are the same as steps 601 to 605 shown in FIG.
- the search is performed by increasing the parameter changing range, that is, a rough search. For example, if a parameter whose correlation coefficient is closest to 1 is selected by rough search of several points (step 906), then this parameter is set as an initial value (step 907), and the parameter is changed while changing the parameter in the vicinity. A search is performed, and a parameter having a correlation coefficient closest to 1 is selected (step 908).
- the search is performed while changing only one of a plurality of parameters, for example, the parameter related to the gradient magnetic field application start time, and the parameter that makes the correlation coefficient closest to 1 in the search range is selected. Then (step 906), the parameter is changed, for example, the number N is changed (step 907), and the next search loop 902 to 905 is executed.
- a plurality of parameters for example, the parameter related to the gradient magnetic field application start time, and the parameter that makes the correlation coefficient closest to 1 in the search range is selected.
- the parameter is changed, for example, the number N is changed (step 907), and the next search loop 902 to 905 is executed.
- the correlation coefficient is obtained in order to compare the data obtained by the full echo measurement and the data obtained by the non-linear measurement. Instead of obtaining the correlation coefficient, the sum of squares of the difference between the two is obtained. It is also possible to calculate and obtain a parameter that minimizes the sum of squares.
- ⁇ Second Embodiment> Even in the present embodiment, performing pre-measurement separately from the main imaging is the same as in the first embodiment and its modified example. However, in this embodiment, the pre-measurement performs only full echo measurement, and nonlinear measurement. Does not. Full echo measurement is the same as the first half of the pulse sequence shown in FIG. 5, after applying the RF pulse 501 and the slice gradient magnetic field 503, applying the phase gradient magnetic field 504 in the readout direction, and then the readout gradient magnetic field with reversed polarity While applying 506, the echo signal 508 is measured.
- FIG. 10 shows a processing procedure for calculating the deviation of the peak position.
- the shift of the peak position of the full echo can be obtained by the property of the Fourier transform shown in the equation (1). That is, first, the full echo obtained in the previous measurement is Fourier transformed (step 1001), and the phase gradient after the Fourier transformation is obtained by fitting (step 1002). The peak position deviation ⁇ n is obtained from the phase gradient (step 1003). If the peak shifts in the same way for full echo and nonlinear echo, this shift ⁇ n can be applied to the correction of the peak position (start of gradient magnetic field application) n peak shown in Equation (3) or Equation (6). it can.
- the pulse sequence for measuring one signal after one RF excitation is illustrated, but for example, the UTE pulse sequence is one RF It may be a multi-echo sequence that measures a plurality of echoes after excitation.
- the pre-scan is also a multi-echo sequence
- the gridding correction value conversion parameter
- each echo of the UTE pulse sequence that is the main imaging is calculated for the echo corresponding to the pre-scan TE
- the gridding may be performed using the correction value, or the prescan is performed with a smaller number of echoes (for example, 1 echo) than the UTE pulse sequence, and the gridding correction value calculated for the prescan echo (same conversion) Parameter) may be applied to multiple or all echoes of a UTE measurement.
- the preprocessing 200 shown in FIG. 2 is performed to calculate the gradient magnetic field application start time as a correction value, as in the first and second embodiments.
- correction is made to the pulse sequence of the main imaging created by the sequence using the correction value (gradient magnetic field application start time), the read gradient magnetic field application start time is shifted, and the data acquisition start time (FIG. 309) and the application start point of the readout gradient magnetic field (the left end of 305 in FIG. 3).
- the gridding can be performed without going through the correction step 212 of FIG.
- the effect of simplifying the reconstruction process of calculating and gridding the coordinates can be obtained.
- the UTE pulse sequence has been described as an example of the main imaging, but the present invention can also be applied to a pulse sequence other than the UTE pulse sequence.
- the present invention may be applied to a radial scan using a full-wave high-frequency pulse instead of a half-wave high-frequency pulse as an RF pulse. It is also possible to change to a three-dimensional measurement that collects kx-ky-kz data instead of a two-dimensional measurement that collects kx-ky spatial data.
- 11 static magnetic field generation system 12 gradient magnetic field generation system, 13 high frequency magnetic field generation system, 14 reception system, 15 reconstruction calculation unit, 16 control system, 17 display, 18 sequencer
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Abstract
Description
以上の装置の概要を踏まえて、本発明の第1の実施の形態を説明する。第1の実施の形態による撮像の手順を図2に示す。
第1の実施の形態では、傾斜磁場の形状が台形であると仮定して、検索処理を行なった場合を説明したが、傾斜磁場の立ち上がりは直線ではない場合は、傾斜磁場の形状を示す式(1)の代わりに、例えば三角関数で近似した式(以下に示す式(5))を用いることにより、同様に検索処理することができる。その場合の座標計算式は、式(6)に示すようになる。
グリッディングのパラメータの補正値を算出する処理は、パラメータを変化させる場合の変化の粗さやパラメータの種類を変えて、2段階或いは3段階などの多段処理として行なうことも可能である。2段階処理で検索する場合の手順を図9に示す。
以上の実施の形態では、フルエコー計測で得たデータとノンリニア計測で得たデータとを比較するために相関係数を求めたが、相関係数を求める代わりに、両者の差の2乗和を計算し、2乗和が最小となるパラメータを求めることも可能である。
本実施の形態でも、本撮像とは別に前計測を行なうことは第1の実施の形態及びその変更例と同じであるが、本実施の形態では、前計測はフルエコー計測のみを行い、ノンリニア計測は行なわない。フルエコー計測は、図5に示すパルスシーケンスの前半部分と同じであり、RFパルス501とスライス傾斜磁場503を印加後に、読み出し方向にディフェイズ傾斜磁場504を印加した後、極性の反転した読み出し傾斜磁場506を印加しながら、エコー信号508を計測する。
第1および第2の実施の形態では、UTEパルスシーケンス及びプリスキャンシーケンスとして、1回のRF励起後に1つの信号を計測するパルスシーケンスを例示したが、例えば、UTEパルスシーケンスは、1回のRF励起後に複数のエコーを計測するマルチエコーシーケンスであってもよい。その場合、プリスキャンもマルチエコーシーケンスとして、各エコーについてグリッディングの補正値(変換パラメータ)を算出し、本撮像であるUTEパルスシーケンスの各エコーを、プリスキャンのTEが対応するエコーについて算出した補正値を用いてグリッディングを行なってもよいし、プリスキャンはUTEパルスシーケンスよりも少ないエコー数(例えば1エコー)で実施し、そのプリスキャンエコーについて算出したグリッディングの補正値(同一の変換パラメータ)をUTE計測の複数の或いは全てのエコーに適用してもよい。
上記2つの実施の形態は、プリスキャンで求めた補正値を使って、本撮像で計測したデータのグリッディングパラメータを補正する場合を説明したが、本実施の形態では、本撮像で得たデータを補正するのではなく、本撮像のパルスシーケンスを補正する。
Claims (19)
- 高周波磁場発生部と、傾斜磁場発生部と、前記高周波磁場発生部と前記傾斜磁場発生部とを制御して磁気共鳴信号の計測を制御する制御部と、を備えた磁気共鳴イメージング装置であって、
前記制御部は、読み出し傾斜磁場の立ち上がり状態から前記磁気共鳴信号の計測を行なう撮像パルスシーケンスを備え、前記撮像パルスシーケンスにおける前記読み出し傾斜磁場の設定値と実際の出力値との差異に基づく補正値を算出する補正値算出部を備えたことを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記制御部は、前記差異を検出するための磁気共鳴信号の計測を行うプリスキャンシーケンスを備え、
前記補正値算出部は、前記プリスキャンシーケンスを用いて計測された磁気共鳴信号を用いて前記補正値を算出することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項2記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記撮像パルスシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータをK空間の格子点にグリッディングする演算部を備え、
前記演算部は、前記補正値を用いて、前記撮像パルスシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータのK空間上の位置を補正し、該K空間上の位置が補正されたエコーデータを前記K空間の格子点にグリッディングすることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項3記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記プリスキャンシーケンスは、フルエコーデータを取得する第1のプリスキャンシーケンスと、ノンリニアエコーデータを取得する第2のプリスキャンシーケンスとを有して成り、
前記補正値算出部は、前記フルエコーデータの一部と前記ノンリニアエコーデータとに基づいて前記補正値を算出することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項4記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記第1のプリスキャンシーケンスは、読み出し傾斜磁場としてディフェイズ傾斜磁場を用いて前記フルエコーデータの取得を行い、前記第2のプリスキャンシーケンスは、読み出し傾斜磁場としてディフェイズ傾斜磁場を用いずに読み出し傾斜磁場の立ち上がり状態から前記ノンリニアエコーデータの取得を行なうことを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項4記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記補正値算出部は、前記補正値として、前記フルエコーデータの後半部と前記ノンリニアエコーデータとの比較に基づいて、前記グリッディングに用いるパラメータ値を求め、
前記演算部は、前記グリッディングに用いるパラメータ値を用いて、前記撮像パルスシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータのK空間上の位置を補正することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項6記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、前記補正値算出部は、前記フルエコーデータの内のそのピーク位置以後のデータをグリッディングした後にフーリエ変換した第1の実空間データと、前記ノンリニアエコーデータをグリッディングした後にフーリエ変換した第2の実空間データとの相関係数を算出し、一方のプリスキャンシーケンスで得られたエコーデータのグリッディングに用いるパラメータを変えながら前記相関係数の算出を繰り返し、前記相関係数として最も1に近い値を与えるパラメータ値を、前記撮像パルスシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータのグリッディングに用いるパラメータ値とすることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。
- 請求項6記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、前記グリッディングに用いるパラメータ値は、前記ノンリニアエコーデータの計測点数に対応する値と、前記読み出し傾斜磁場の印加開始時点に対応する値と、を含むことを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。
- 請求項3記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記制御部は、複数方向の各々で前記プリスキャンシーケンスを実行し、前記補正値算出部は、方向毎に前記補正値を求め、
前記演算部は、前記方向毎の補正値を用いて、前記撮像パルスシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータのK空間上の位置を補正することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項3記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、前記撮像パルスシーケンスは、1回のRF励起後に複数のエコーデータを取得するマルチエコーシーケンスであって、
前記演算部は、1回のRF励起で取得された複数のエコーデータに対し、同一の補正値を適用してグリッディングを行なうことを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記撮像パルスシーケンスは、励起高周波パルスとして半波形パルスを用いたパルスシーケンスであることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、前記撮像パルスシーケンスは、K空間を放射状に走査するパルスシーケンスであることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。
- 請求項2に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置であって、
前記プリスキャンシーケンスは、前記読み出し傾斜磁場の極性を反転させて磁気共鳴信号を計測するものであり、
前記補正値算出部は、前記計測された磁気共鳴信号のピーク位置と、前記読み出し傾斜磁場の印加条件から算出される磁気共鳴信号のピーク位置と、のずれに基づいて前記補正値を算出することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記制御部は、前記補正値に基づき、前記撮像パルスシーケンスにおける読み出し傾斜磁場の印加開始時点を補正することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 読み出し傾斜磁場の立ち上がり状態から磁気共鳴信号の計測を行なう撮像パルスシーケンスにおける読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法であって、
プリスキャンシーケンスを実行して、前記撮像パルスシーケンスにおける前記読み出し傾斜磁場の設定値と実際の出力値との差異を検出するための磁気共鳴信号を計測するプリスキャンステップと、
前記プリスキャンシーケンスを用いて計測された磁気共鳴信号を用いて、前記差異に基づく補正値を算出する補正値算出ステップと、
前記補正値を用いて、前記撮像パルスシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータの補正、又は、前記撮像パルスシーケンスにおける読み出し傾斜磁場の補正を行う補正ステップと、を備えたことを特徴とする読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法。 - 請求項15記載の読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法において、
前記撮像パルスシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータをK空間の格子点にグリッディングするグリッディングステップを備え、
前記グリッディングステップは、前記補正ステップとして、前記補正値を用いて、前記撮像パルスシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータのK空間上の位置を補正し、該K空間上の位置が補正されたエコーデータを前記格子点にグリッディングすることを特徴とする読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法。 - 請求項15記載の読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法において、前記プリスキャンステップは、フルエコーデータの取得と、ノンリニアエコーデータの取得とを行い、
前記補正値算出ステップは、前記補正値として、前記フルエコーデータの後半部と前記ノンリニアエコーデータとの比較に基づいて、前記グリッディングに用いるパラメータ値を求め、
前記グリッディングステップは、前記グリッディングに用いるパラメータ値を用いて、前記撮像パルスシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータのK空間上の位置を補正することを特徴とする読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法。 - 請求項15記載の読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法において、前記補正値算出ステップは、前記プリスキャンシーケンスで取得されたエコーデータのピーク位置と読み出し傾斜磁場の印加条件から算出されるエコーデータのピーク位置とのずれに基づいて前記補正値を算出することを特徴とする読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法。
- 請求項15記載の読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法において、前記補正ステップは、前記補正値に基づき、前記撮像パルスシーケンスにおける読み出し傾斜磁場の印加開始時点を補正することを特徴とする読み出し傾斜磁場誤差補正方法。
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| WO2012063654A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-18 | 株式会社 日立メディコ | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置、計測空間座標補正方法、及び、画像再構成方法 |
| JP5846450B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-09 | 2016-01-20 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置、計測空間座標補正方法、及び、画像再構成方法 |
| US9714994B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 | 2017-07-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, and method for correcting measurement-space coordinates |
| JP2015173897A (ja) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-10-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
| JP2017131664A (ja) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-08-03 | 東芝メディカルシステムズ株式会社 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
| CN118425858A (zh) * | 2024-04-26 | 2024-08-02 | 河北迈格磁电科技有限公司 | 一种梯度磁场即时生成方法及系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8582845B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
| JPWO2010074059A1 (ja) | 2012-06-21 |
| JP5661473B2 (ja) | 2015-01-28 |
| CN102264291B (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
| US20110249881A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
| CN102264291A (zh) | 2011-11-30 |
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