WO2010069336A1

WO2010069336A1 - Four stroke cycle reciprocating engine works with out valves and camshaft

Info

Publication number: WO2010069336A1
Application number: PCT/EG2008/000045
Authority: WO
Inventors: Abdel Fattah Mohamed Hatem Abouseira
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-12-15
Filing date: 2008-12-15
Publication date: 2010-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2011-06-15

Abstract

This idea is based, on a rotary valve (2) that rotates in the cylinder head (11) of four stroke cycle engines. This valve is a shaft upon which there is a groove (3). The valve rotates among three ports (suction port (5)- combustion chamber port (7)-exhaust port (6). During rotation, the groove (3) allows once the exhaust to get out from the exhaust port (6) and the combustion chamber port (7) and in other time allows the passage of suction charge from the suction port (5) and the combustion chamber port (7).After that, the groove disappears from the combustion chamber port leading to the compression and power strokes depending on the position of the shaft sealing. This idea replaces camshaft and valves of the cylinder head of the four stroke cycle engines by one part, which is the rotary valve (2) that controls the occurrence of the four strokes.

Description

Four Stroke Cycle Reciprocating Engine Works With Out Valves and Camshaft

Technical field:

The four stroke cycle reciprocating engines is used in {cars- motor cycles, some types of planes modern trains' ships....etc} the idea is based on canceling valves and camshaft and the related part in the cylinder head in four stroke cycle reciprocating engines and replacing it with one part which is the rotary valve

Background Art:

There is no four stoke cycle reciprocating engines work with rotary valve instead of valves and camshaft

Disclosure of Invention :

This Idea is specialized for four stroke cycle engines (carburetor-Diesel). It is based upon which there is a groove shaft that rotate inside atight chamber in the cylinder head instead of the valves .During the shaft rotation the following occurs:

A. The groove allows the entrance of suction charge from the suction port

B. When the groove disappears the compression and the power strokes occur.

C. At the end of rotation the groove allows the exit of exhaust gases from the exhaust port.

As illusterated in figures (1\2\3)

Components of rotary valve system :

l .gearsof motion conduction

2. the ports located in the cylinder head

3. the groove shaft 1. Gears of Motion Conduction :

This gears operate the same as gears in four stroke cycle engine they are based on transmission of motion to the top as over head camshaft. this motion is transmitted from agear which is in the crank shaft the number of its teeth equals to the half number of the teeth of the groove shaft gear.

That means, if the crank shaft rotates one cycle.the groove shaft will rotate ahalf cycle .This is illusterated in figure (4 )

2.The Ports Located in The Cylinder Head :

Figure (5) illusterates an over all shape of the cylinder head ports A. The combustion chamber port

It is the port which connect the combustion chamber to ports of the exhaust and the suction as illusterated in figure (6)

B. the suction port:

It is the port which allows the passage of the suction charge to the combustion chamber as illustrated in figure ( 7 )

C. the exhaust port

It is the port which allows the exit of exhaust from the combustion chamber to outside. As illusterated in figure (8)

3. The groove shaft:

Figure (3) illusterates:

The over all shape of the groove shaft when it is parallel to crank shaft and also illusterates transmission of the motion from the crank shaft to the groove shaft to rotate in half engine rotation speed

To avoid the wear out of groove shaft during rotation, the groove shaft is fixed on some ball bearing

- Figure ( 9 ) illusterates :

A profile shape of the groove shaft and balls bearing which it is fixed up on

- Figure ( 10 ) illusterates :

A profile shape of the groove shaft. And the complete shape of the groove and its curvature

- figure (1 l)illustrates :

A cross section in the groove shaft and the curvature of its groove

- Figure ( 12 ) illusterates :

Vertical shape of the groove shaft and the pin that the small ball bearing is fixed on. Figure (13) illusterates:

Vertical shape of the groove shaft and the groove inside it and its level inside the shaft. figure (14) illusterates

Vertical shape of the groove shaft and the part that the large ball bearing is fixed on.

The groove shaft is on the shape of cylindrical pipe hollowed from inside except the part that contain the groove which takes a large part of the pipe space .

» Mode of Action of Rotary Valve in Four Stroke Combustion Cycle ( Carburettor Engine )

1. Suction stroke

- In figure ( 15 ) : with the rotation of the groove shaft the suction port appear partially and the exhaust port disappear completely. - In figure ( 16 ) : At this moment : small amount of petrol vapour enters when the piston is in the middle of stroke , complete opening of the suction port and the combustion chamber port occur. At this moment : the largest amount of petrol vapour enters. - Figure ( 17 ) :

The piston moves upward where it is in the beginning of the compression stroke that is after reaching the piston to the bottom dead center with approximately (10) degrees of turning the crank shaft where the groove that on the shaft disappeared completely from the side of the combustion chamber port which leads to the start of the compression stroke. At this moment the petrol vapour enterence stops

2. The compression stroke

- Figure (18 ) :

After hiding of the groove of the shaft from the combustion chamber port side , The piston compress the ( Petrol , air) mixture depending on the shaft sealing in the chamber where the shaft rotates in.

- Figure (19 ) :

Before the piston reaches the top dead center with approximately (5°) from the crank shaft rotation , the electric spark generates. 3.The power stroke

- Figure ( 20 ) :

When the explosion power happened and the chamber temperature increases and gas pressure generates , All this leads to the push of piston to the bottom dead center depending on the seal of shaft on its chamber where it rotates.

4.The Exhaust Stroke

- Figure (21 ) :

The piston reachs in the bottom dead center .where it is the beginning of the exhaust stroke.

The exhaust stroke occurs when the groove on the shaft starts to appear from the combustion chamber port side, allowing the connection of the combustion chamber port to the exhaust port leading to the exit of the exhaust gases outside - Figure( 22 )

The piston moves to the middle of the stroke and complete opening of the combustion chamber port and the exhaust port occurs leading to the exit of the major part of the exhaust gases to outside

- Figure( 23 )

• The interference of exhaust stroke with suction stroke

• In the four stroke cycle engines that operates with valves system . the interference occurs by in complete closure of the exhaust valve with beginning of opening of suction valve

• This interference differs according to engine type (diesel carburettor)and the company design

• The aim of interference of suction stroke with exhaust stroke:

1) Prevention of pressure generation at the combustion chamber

2) Cooling of the combustion chamber and complete scavenging of exhaust gases

• this interference occurs in rotary valve by incomplete hiding of the groove from the exhaust port side with the beginning of the groove appearance from the suction port side.

• this interference occurs by the appearance of 0.3mm of the groove from the exhaust port side and 0.3mm of the groove from the suction port side in the same time

NOTES : the shape of the exhaust port, the suction port and the combustion chamber port is rectangular .the combustion chamber port and the suction port are of the same size whatever the exhaust port is smaller Illusterated in figures (24\25\26)

1. the lower rib of the suction port in union with the beginning of the groove controls the starting of suction stroke that equals (opening suction valve in the valve system. This illustrated in figure (27) 3. The rib of the combustion chamber port that located towards suction port in union with the end of existent groove controls the end of the suction stroke that equals (closing the suction valve in the valves system) .

This illusterated in figure (27 )

4. The rib of the combustion chamber port that located to ward the exhaust port in union with the beginning of the groove controls the beginning of the exhaust stroke that Equals (opening of the exhaust valve in the valve system)

This illustrated in figure (27) 5. the lower rib of the exhaust port in union with the end of the groove controls the end of exhaust stroke that equals (closing the exhaust valve in the valve system ) This illustrated in figure (27)

6. The other ribs of the suction, the exhaust and combustion chamber ports control the wideness of ports that equal to (valve diameter in the valve system). This illustrated in figure (27)

In profile view of the exhaust and the suction ports. We find that the lower rib is horizontal and the upper rib is slopped for making the exhaust and the suction ports narrower from outside wider from in side like ( the valves chamber in the valve system) . This illusterated in figure (27 )

The Aim of this Design:

A. In exhaust port: this achieves the preservation of the cylinder head heat

B. In suction port preservation of the prepared petrol vapour to enter in the combustion chamber by inertia

8. When the suction port and the combustion chamber port are completely opened, at this moment the largest amount of petrol vapour enter that equals (the end of suction valve distance in the valve system)

9. when the exhaust port and combustion chamber port are complelety opened, at this moment the lowest amount of exhaust gases exit that equals (the end of exhaust valve distance in the valve system)

The problem of leakage of petrol vapour : from the exhaust port during engine rotation : • illusterated in figure ( 28 ) small amount of petrol vapour leaks without combustion because the suction, the exhaust and combustion camber ports are in the same level This problem delays the beginning of engine rotation so the first amount of petrol vapor must be rich (air: patrol =9: 1)

• this problem doesn't present in diesel engines and fuel carburettor engines which operates by fuel injection inside the combustion chamber

• the problem occurs only in carburettor engines which operates by carburettor system and fuel injection system inside the suction pipe

• this problem have 3 solution: • othe first solution:

Illusterated in figures ( 29\30 ) :

There is two groove shaft one for the suction and the other for exhaust this suction groove shaft keeps petrol vapour that entered by interia during engine rotation

o the second solution:

Illusterated in figures ( 31\32\33 )

A. There is two grooves in one shaft one groove for suction and the other for exhaust which preceeds the suction groove

B. two ports in the combustion chamber one for suction and the other for exhaust

C. there are other two ports located in one side of the cylinder head ,one for suction and the other for exhaust

o the third solution:

Illustrated in figure (34\35\36\37) like the second solution but differs in two points:

1. the two grooves located in the shaft are beside each others

2. the two ports on the cylinder head, one port located in one side of the cylinder head and the other port on the opposite side but they are not on the same level

Notes for engine manufacture

1) The sizes of the ports are critical for engine rotation (for examble the size of ports in figures (24\25\26\27)

2) the size of groove of the shaft is critical for engine strokes

3) The groove shaft must be made of thermal steel to avoid the thermal expansion and must be thermally treated like the exhaust valve at 200¹C or more

4) The chamber in which the groove shaft rotates must be made of metal like the cylinder . 5) Rings can be added to the groove shaft as the rings for the piston and also vertical metal slides compressed by spring canbe added to the groove shaft like (wankles engine )

• The cooling cycle system

The cooling system in the rotary valve system is like traditional cooling system it has two sections (cooling by air and by water )

A. cooling with air :its the easiest cooling systems which used to cool the small engines. It's better to pass the air inside the shaft from inside this means that it is an empty pipe except the part which has the groove ,it fills most of the shaft ,but Allows the air to pass.

B. The cooling with water. This system is the most popular in car engines and large engines. It is prefered to pass the water inside the shaft which hollowed from inside except the part which has the groove; it fills most of the shaft, but allows water to pass. As illusterated in figures (38/39 )

♦ lubrication System:

Illusterated in figures ( 40/41 )

• this cycle depends on oil pan located above the groove shaft. The oil is pumped up ward by oil pump untill the pan is filled excess oil returns to oil pump which located in crankcase through a hole in the top of oil pan .

• the oil pan has a small holes that allow the passage of oil to the shaft during rotation

• the oil pan holes that faces the groove of the shaft should be very minute in size, large in number to avoid descending of oil to the combustion chamber ,which causes the break down of engine and harmful exhaust products

The model description that I manufactured is four stroke cycle carburettor engine {(l)cylinder 200c. c} works without valves, camshaft, and works with rotary valve . The groove shaft diamter (45m.m) Exhaust port (22m.m)*(17 m.m) Suction port (27 m.m)* (17 m.m) Combustion chamber port (27 mm)*( 27 m.m) The advantages of the rotary valve system :

1- less industrial expenses

2- less fuel consuming because it's without springs

3- less break downs

4- no noise as it doesn't contain many parts

5- the cylinders head is smaller

6- speed of the engine is more than 8000 (r.p.m) because it's without springs

Breif Description of Drawings : ♦ The explanation of the figures

Fig 1 : profile view of the engine Fig 2: frontal view of the engine

Fig 3: the mechanism of movement conduction to the groove shaft Fig 4: the Gears

Fig 5: the overall shape of the ports Fig 6: frontal view of the combustion chamber port Fig 7 : frontal view of the suction port Fig 8: frontal view of the exhaust port Fig 9: the groove shaft and the ball bearing Fig 10: the shape of the groove

Fig 11 : cross section in the groove shaft and the curvature of its groove Fig 12: the small pin of the shaft Fig 13: the groove of the shaft Fig 14: the large pin of the shaft The suction stroke Fig. 15:the beginning of the suction stroke

Fig. 16: the middle of the suction stroke

Fig. 17: the end of the suction stroke

Fig .18: the compression stroke

Fig .19: the electric spark

Fig .20: the power stroke

The exhaust stroke

Fig .21 : the beginning of the exhaust stroke

Fig .22: the middle of the exhaust stroke

Fig .23 : suction and exhaust strokes interference

Fig .24: frontal view of the suction port

Fig .25 : frontal view of the combustion chamber port

Fig .26: frontal view of the exhaust port

Fig .27: lateral view of the suction , the combustion chamber, the exhaust ports and the beginning& the end of the groove in the shaft

Fig .G28: leakage of the petrol vapour

- (The first solution)

Fig .29: lateral view of the suction and exhaust shafts Fig .30: frontal view of the suction and exhaust shafts

- (The second solution)

Fig .31 : the groove shaft and the two grooves for suction and exhaust

Fig .32: one side of the cylinder head indicates the suction and the exhaust ports

Fig .33: the combustion chamber ports are parallel to the suction and exhaust ports

- (The third solution)

Fig .34: the combustion chamber ports are parallel to the suction and the exhaust ports Fig .35: the exhaust port in one side of the cylinder head

Fig .36: the suction port in the other side of the cylinders head

Fig .37: the groove shaft and the two grooves for suction and exhaust

- The cooling system

Fig .38: One groove shaft is cooled by air

Fig .39: One groove shaft is cooled by water

(The lubrication system)

Fig .40: The mechanism of lubrication system

Fig .41 : the internal shape of the oil pan

♦ The explanation of the numbers

1) Oil pan :that contains oil for shaft lubrication

2) The groove shaft :is the rotary valve

3) Groove in the shaft: controls the occurrence of the four strokes

4) Spark plug : that generates the electric spark

5) The suction port : allows the passage of suction charge

6) The exhaust port : allows the passage of exhaust

7) The combustion chamber port : allows the passage of suction charge or the exit of exhaust

8) The piston : performs the reciprocating movement

9) Connecting rod : conducts the movement from piston to the crank shaft

10) The crank shaft : transfers the reciprocating movement to rotary movement

11) Cylinder head : contains the rotary valve

12) Lower gear : rotates with the same speed of the crank shaft

13) Upper gear : rotates with half speed of the crank shaft

14) Track : connects the upper gear to the lower gear

15) Ball bearing : the shaft seats on it

16) Spark plug seat : the site of spark plug in the combustion chamber

17) Pin :its the pin seats inside the ball bearing

18) The groove in the shaft and its curvature inside the groove

19) (T.D.C ) : the top dead center

20) (B.D.C ) : the bottom dead center

21) The rib of the combustion chamber in suction port side.

Claims

- I'd like to protect the idea of rotary valve system completely including, the design of the rotary valve and the other components of the system, the mode of action of rotary valve in four strokes combustion engines, the cooling system and the lubrication system .

2- The design of rotary valve system

3 -The components of rotary valve system - The mode of action of rotary valve^' in four stroke combustion engines - The cooling system - The lubrication system