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WO2010063151A1 - 扰沙系统及方法 - Google Patents

扰沙系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010063151A1
WO2010063151A1 PCT/CN2008/073483 CN2008073483W WO2010063151A1 WO 2010063151 A1 WO2010063151 A1 WO 2010063151A1 CN 2008073483 W CN2008073483 W CN 2008073483W WO 2010063151 A1 WO2010063151 A1 WO 2010063151A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating body
sand
wheel
baffle
water flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2008/073483
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑星昱
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2010063151A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010063151A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
    • E02B3/023—Removing sediments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F1/00—General working methods with dredgers or soil-shifting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/28—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for cleaning watercourses or other ways
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to water and sand adjustment technology, in particular to a sand disturbance system and a sand disturbance method performed by the system. Background technique
  • the present invention provides a sand disturbing system, comprising: a sand disturbing ship, the sand disturbing ship comprising:
  • baffle disposed on the floating body in an amount of at least one, the baffle being inserted into the water flow during sand disturbance, and the edge of the baffle having a distance from the river bed for flowing in the water The sediment on the river bed is disturbed when the spacing is exceeded.
  • the present invention also provides a method for disturbing sand, comprising:
  • the baffle drives the floating body to flow downstream under the impeding of the water flow, and the water flow disturbs and washes away the sediment when passing through the spacing.
  • the baffle of the present invention blocks the water flow, so that the water flows through the interval between the edge of the baffle and the river bed to rapidly flow to disturb and wash away the sediment, thereby overcoming the high pressure of the prior art sand disturbing ship.
  • the nozzle exerts a high-pressure impact on the sedimentation surface, the impact area is small.
  • the technical effect of disturbing sand is not obvious.
  • sand can be adjusted in a long area of the river to completely control the sedimentation problem.
  • the invention can enhance the effect of disturbing sand, cure the flood, and realize the simple method, and is easy to promote and apply in the Yellow River and various waters.
  • 1 is a side view showing the principle of water flow disturbance of a sand disturbing system of the present invention
  • 2 is a cross-sectional view of a river channel according to the principle of water flow disturbance of the sand disturbing system of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a sand disturbing system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a sand disturbing system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a baffle removing water surface according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the sand disturbing system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of a sand disturbing system according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of a fifth embodiment of the sand disturbing system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a sixth embodiment of the sand disturbing system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a specific embodiment of a sand scattering method according to the present invention.
  • the sand disturbing system of the present invention mainly comprises a sand disturbing ship, and the sand disturbing ship comprises: at least one floating body 1 , at least one baffle is disposed on the floating body 1 2, when the baffle 2 is inserted into the river water at an angle with the direction of the water flow, the baffle 2 drives the floating body 1 under the driving of the water flow, and the water flow rapidly passes through the baffle 2 under the barrier of the baffle 2 The distance between the edge and the bottom of the river bed disturbs the sediment on the riverbed.
  • the water carrying capacity of the water flow is proportional to the square of the water flow speed
  • the angle between the baffle 2 and the water flow direction is increased, the distance between the edge of the baffle 2 and the bottom of the river bed becomes smaller, and the water flow velocity passing through the gap becomes smaller. If it is increased, the sand disturbing effect of the sand disturbing system of the present invention is more obvious, and the speed of the bottom of the riverbed is faster.
  • FIG. 2 it is a cross-sectional view of the river channel of the sand disturbing principle of the sand disturbing system of the present invention.
  • the angle between the baffle 2 and the water flow direction is increased, the distance between the edge of the baffle 2 and the two sides of the river bed becomes smaller, and the water flow velocity passing through the distance between the two sides is correspondingly increased, and the sand disturbing ship of the present invention is used to disturb the river bed.
  • the width of the two sides is faster.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a sand-slipping system according to the present invention.
  • the system can be disposed in the Yellow River waters to utilize the directional water flow in the river to disturb the sand.
  • the system may in particular comprise a wheel 3 and a sand-carrying boat consisting of a floating body 1 and a baffle 2, which is connected to the wheel 3 via a flexible chain 4.
  • the wheel 3 is fixedly arranged with respect to the water flow, and can be fixedly inserted into the river bottom or fixed to the dam or the shore.
  • the sand disturbing ship specifically includes: at least one floating body 1 floats on the water flow, specifically, the common hull can be used as the floating body 1; at least one baffle 2 is disposed on the floating body 1, and when the sand is disturbed, the baffle 2 is inserted into the water flow
  • the direction of the baffle 2 is at an angle with the flow direction of the water flow, the angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, and the baffle 2 is used to drive the floating body 1 to run downstream under the driving of the water flow to control the floating body.
  • the speed of 1 is less than the speed of the water flow.
  • the floating body 1 is connected to the wheel 3 by a flexible chain 4, one end of the flexible chain 4 is fixedly connected to the floating body 1, and the other end of the flexible chain 4 is wound around the wheel 3.
  • the drag chain 4 drives the wheel 3 to rotate.
  • the advantage of using the flexible chain 4 and the wheel 3 is that the floating body 1 can be controlled, and the floating body 1 can be retracted to the starting point by winding the flexible chain 4 after the floating body 1 travels for a certain distance.
  • the sand disturbing process of the sand disturbing system of the embodiment is specifically: first inserting the baffle into the water flow, and the baffle drives the floating body to run along with the water flow; the baffle blocks the water flow, so that the water flows through the edge of the baffle
  • the spacing from the riverbed disturbs and washes away the sediment of the riverbed; the sediment of the riverbed through which the floating body passes can be disturbed and washed away.
  • the floating body drags the flexible chain out of the wheel and the wheel rotates in the direction in which the flexible chain is loosened.
  • the sand disturbing system of the present embodiment blocks the water flow by the baffle which is always immersed in the water flow, and improves the kinetic energy of the water flow passing through the gap between the edge of the baffle and the river bed, and can fully utilize the kinetic energy of the water flow to directly disturb and wash away the sediment. Radical cures and enhance the effect of disturbing sand.
  • the system has a simple device structure and is easy to form a large-scale sand disturbance project in a wide water area. Especially suitable for being installed in the Yellow River waters, the Yellow River has a large amount of sediment carrying and is not suitable for boating.
  • the width of the baffle or floating body can be set according to the flow of the Yellow River to maximize the disturbance of sand, and multiple sets of sand-disposing vessels can be set continuously from the middle reaches of the Yellow River to the estuary of the Yellow River, and the disturbance of the disturbing ship can be disturbed. Loose or rushing the riverbed sediment, changing the section shape of the riverbed, and making the section develop in a narrow and deep direction.
  • the sand-disposing ship of this embodiment can widen the river channel in a short time, increase the river's over-current capacity, and completely cure the Yellow River flood.
  • the sand disturbance system of the present embodiment may further include: a generator 5 connected to the rotating shaft of the wheel 3 through the transmission 9, and when the wheel 3 rotates, the generator 5 is driven to generate electricity.
  • the above technical solution not only utilizes the floating body and the baffle structure to realize the disturbance of sand, but also utilizes the movement of the floating body downstream to drive the rotation of the wheel, and transmits the rotation of the wheel to the generator for power generation.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the sand disturbing system of the present invention.
  • the first embodiment is based on the first embodiment, and further includes a first power device 6, which may be an electric motor or the like, and
  • the wheel 3 is connected for driving the wheel 3 to rotate when the sand disturbance is stopped, and the rotation of the wheel 3 winds up the flexible chain 4, thereby driving the floating body 1 to run countercurrently, and rewinding the flexible chain 4 On the wheel 3 .
  • the technical solution of the embodiment enables the floating body not only to travel downstream to disturb the sand, but also can be driven back to the starting point by the driving of the power unit to restart the next sand disturbance.
  • one end of the baffle 2 can be pivotally connected to the floating body 1, and the pivoting shaft 7 is horizontally disposed, and the second power unit 8 can be connected to the pivoting shaft 7.
  • the second power unit 8 drives the pivot shaft 7 to rotate, thereby driving the baffle 2 to rotate to change the distance between the baffle 2 and the bottom of the river bed;
  • the second power unit 8 drives the pivot shaft 7 to rotate, thereby driving the shutter 2 to rotate until the shutter 2 is lifted up. Moving away from the water stream, as shown in Figure 5, causes the baffle 2 to rotate above the water surface.
  • the baffle pivotally connected to the floating body can conveniently change the position, insert the baffle into the water when the traffic is disturbed by the downstream flow, and remove the baffle from the water to reduce the resistance when the flow is stopped in the reverse flow.
  • the thrust of the baffle can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the water entering the baffle to adapt to different actual needs.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the sand disturbing system of the present invention.
  • the present embodiment is based on the second embodiment, and further arranged a plurality of sand disturbing vessels in series along the water flow direction, and the floating body 1 of each sand disturbing ship passes through the head and tail.
  • the flexible chain 4 is connected.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment enables a plurality of floating bodies to simultaneously travel downstream to disturb the sand, and can be driven back by a power device to return to the starting point.
  • the plurality of baffles 2 are simultaneously inserted into the water; when the sand disturbance is stopped, the plurality of baffles 1 are returned to the flow, and the plurality of baffles 2 are taken from the water flow. Remove to reduce drag.
  • the second power unit 8 drives the pivot shaft 7 of each floating body 1 to rotate, thereby driving the baffles 2 to rotate, so that the baffles 2 and the bottom of the river bed Maintaining a spacing; when the floating body 1 stops traveling in the opposite direction, the second power unit 8 drives the pivot shaft 7 of each floating body 1 to rotate, thereby driving the shutter 1 to rotate until the flapper 1 is lifted and moved from the water flow. open.
  • a plurality of sand disturbing vessels are arranged in series along the water flow direction, and the plurality of floating bodies simultaneously run downstream to enhance the disturbance of the riverbed sediment, and a power device drives the wheel to rotate and wind the first flexible chain to drive All floating bodies travel in reverse.
  • the generator 5 may also be disposed through the transmission 9 and the wheel 3 The rotating shafts are connected.
  • the thrust of the water flow to the plurality of baffles 2 is correspondingly increased, and when the rotating wheel 3 is rotated, the power generation of the generator 5 is increased.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the sand-slipping system of the present invention.
  • the number of the wheels 3 is one, and two floating bodies, that is, the first floating body 11 and the second floating body. 12.
  • the first flexible chain 41 and the second flexible chain 42 respectively connected to the two floating bodies are respectively connected to the wheel 3 through a pulley system.
  • the first flexible chain 41 of the first floating body 11 is connected by the first pulley 101.
  • the second flexible chain 42 of the second floating body 12 is connected to the wheel 3 disposed on the shore by the second pulley 102, the third pulley 103, and the fourth pulley 104.
  • the traveling paths of the first floating body 1 1 and the second floating body 12 are serial and do not overlap each other in the flow direction of the water flow.
  • Two flexible chains are wound independently on the wheel. In the specific work, one of the flexible chains is wound and the other flexible chain is released.
  • One of the floating bodies is driven by the water flow to block the water flow. Sand, and drive the wheel to rotate, the other floating body is driven by the rotating wheel, and the two floating bodies alternately flow downstream and countercurrent.
  • the generator 5 of the present embodiment is connected to the rotating shaft of the wheel 3 through the transmission 9 and the commutator 10, and the commutator 10 can change the wheel when the two floating bodies 1 alternately flow downstream and countercurrent. 3
  • the direction of rotation of the rotating shaft is such that the generator 5 continuously generates electricity.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment can make two floating bodies alternately perform sand disturbance, and the driving ranges do not overlap to avoid entanglement and interference between the flexible chains of the floating body.
  • FIG. 8 it is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth embodiment of the sand disturbing system of the present invention.
  • the number of the wheels is two, that is, the first wheel 31 and the second wheel 32, on which a flexible chain, that is, a first flexible chain 41 and a second flexible chain 42, respectively, and one of which is flexible
  • the chain is in a wound state, and the other flexible chain is in a loose state
  • the number of the generators 5 is one
  • the first transmission 91 and the second transmission 92 which are connected to the rotating shafts of the first and third disks 31, 32, respectively, respectively.
  • the first clutch device 105 and the second clutch device 106 are connected to the generator 5, and the first clutch device 105 and the second clutch device 106 may specifically be a clutch or a ratchet.
  • the other end of the rotating shaft of the first wheel 31 is connected to the fourth power unit 107, and the other end of the rotating shaft of the second wheel 32 is connected to the fifth power unit 108; one end of each flexible chain is connected with a floating body, that is, The first floating body 1 1 and the second floating body 12; one of the floating bodies is driven by the flow of water, and drives the wheel to rotate, thereby driving the generator 5 to generate electricity, and the clutch device connected to the other wheel Separating the rotating shaft of the other wheel from the generator 5, and then rotating the other wheel under the driving of the power unit, thereby driving the connected floating body to run countercurrently; the flexible chains of the two floating bodies are respectively coupled to the pulley system The respective discs are connected, and the driving ranges of the two floating bodies do not overlap in the flow direction of the water flow.
  • a combination of two sets of roulette, flexible chain and floating body is further adopted, and two floating bodies alternately perform sand disturbance, and a generator is used to generate electricity through two wheels, to control the wheel of the clutch device.
  • the disc is engaged and disconnected from the generator.
  • the two buoyants alternate between downstream power generation and countercurrent return, and the power unit drives the buoyant body to return countercurrently, so that the generator can realize continuous power generation under the driving of the two wheels.
  • the speed of returning the floating body to the countercurrent is greater than the speed of the other floating body, so as to ensure that the returning floating body has a time interval for retracting the baffle, etc., to prevent a sudden change in the power generation, and to ensure that the generator can Continuous power generation.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth embodiment of a sand-slipping system according to the present invention.
  • the floating body 1 is provided with a third power unit 119 similar to an engine for driving the floating body 1 to travel when the sand is disturbed, so that the floating body 1 forms a speed difference with the water flow, and the speed difference is a preset value. It is the difference between the forward speed and the reverse speed.
  • the preset speed difference is a forward speed difference
  • the third power unit 109 drives the floating body 1 to run downstream; when the preset speed difference is a reverse speed difference, the third power unit 1 09
  • the floating body 1 is driven to flow countercurrently.
  • the relative speed difference between the floating body 1 and the water flow can be adjusted to a preset value by adjusting the power of the third power unit 109, that is, when the driving floating body 1 is driven in reverse, the power of the third power unit 109 is much larger than that of the floating body. 1 power when traveling downstream.
  • the sand disturbance system of the embodiment drives the floating body and the water flow to form a set relative speed difference by the third power device, thereby correspondingly increasing the water flow energy passing through the gap between the edge of the baffle and the river bed, so that the floating body can be flexibly Perform sand drifting.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a specific embodiment of a sand-slipping method according to the present invention. The method may be specifically implemented by using an embodiment of the sand-splitting system of the present invention, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 00 inserting a baffle provided on the floating body of the sand disturbing ship into the water flow, the edge of the baffle having a distance from the river bed, and the baffle has an angle with the direction of the water flow;
  • Step 200 The baffle drives the floating body to flow downstream under the driving of the water flow, and the water flow is blocked by the baffle, disturbs through the spacing and washes away the sediment.
  • the floating body may be connected to one end of a flexible chain, and the other end of the flexible chain is fixed on a wheel disc fixedly disposed with respect to the water flow, and the flexible chain is wound on the wheel. Therefore, when the baffle is driven by the water flow to drive the floating body to run downstream, the step 300 can be performed, the flexible chain wound by the floating body is loosened, and the dragged flexible chain drives the wheel to rotate. The function of connecting the flexible chain is to stop When the sand is disturbed, the floating body is conveniently recycled to the starting point.
  • the method for disturbing sand in the embodiment can be specifically implemented by using the embodiment of the sand-slipping system of the present invention, and inserting the baffle into the water flow, and the baffle drives the floating body to run along with the flow of water; the baffle blocks the water flow, The flow of water through the edge of the baffle and the riverbed disturbs and washes away the sediment of the riverbed; as the floating body travels, the area where the floating body passes, the sediment of the riverbed can be disturbed and washed away.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment is to block the water flow by the baffle, increase the kinetic energy of the water flow through the distance between the edge of the baffle and the river bed, thereby disturbing and taking away the sediment on the bottom and both sides of the river bed, thereby enhancing the sand scattering effect.
  • the horizontal movement of the floating body can be converted into the rotation of the wheel by the flexible chain to generate electricity, and then the generator can be connected to the rotating shaft of the wheel, and the flexible chain drives the wheel When rotating, the rotating wheel further drives the generator to generate electricity.
  • Step 400 start a first power device that drives the floating body to run countercurrently
  • Step 500 During the reverse flow of the floating body, the wheel rotates to wind up the flexible chain.
  • the first power unit may be fixedly disposed with respect to the water flow, and is coupled to the wheel, and drives the wheel to rotate to drive the floating body to run countercurrently.
  • the baffle may be removed from the water flow before starting the first power device, for example, when one end of the baffle is pivotally connected to the floating body, such as the above-described sand disturbing system embodiment Said that the horizontal pivot axis between one end of the baffle and the buoyant body can be driven until The pivoting baffle rotates to lift above the water surface or float above the water surface to move out of the water stream to reduce drag.
  • the number of the roulettes may be further set to one, and the number of the flexible chains and the floating bodies may be two.
  • the roulette of the roulette The rotating shaft drives the generator to generate electricity through a transmission and a commutator; while the rotation of the wheel winds another flexible chain to drive the other floating body to run countercurrently.
  • the two buoyants alternate between popular and counter-current, and the commutator can change the direction of rotation of the wheel, which ensures that the generator can continue to generate electricity.
  • two sets of connected disks, a flexible chain and a floating body may be further provided, and one set is a first wheel, a first flexible chain and a first floating body, which are described in the above embodiment.
  • the method operates, the other group being the second wheel, the second flexible chain and the second floating body, which also operate in the manner described in the above embodiments.
  • the working process of the two groups of systems is specifically: when the first floating body runs downstream and drags the first flexible chain to drive the first wheel to rotate, the rotating shaft of the rotating first wheel is engaged with the generator through the first clutch, and The second rotating disc connected to the second floating body is disconnected from the generator through the second clutch, and the second rotating wheel is rotated by the power device, and the second rotating coil is rotated.
  • the second flexible chain drags the second floating body connected thereto in a countercurrent flow in the water flow.
  • the two buoyant bodies alternately flow downstream and countercurrent, and their respective connected clutches are engaged with the generator when the connected buoyant body travels downstream, and are disconnected from the generator when the connected buoyant body travels countercurrently.
  • the speed at which the power unit drives a buoyant body to travel countercurrently may be equal to, and preferably greater than, the speed at which another buoyant body travels downstream. This can ensure that the returning floating body has a time interval of retracting the baffle, etc., in order to prevent sudden changes in power generation. Ensure that the generator can generate electricity continuously.
  • the above technical solution can be specifically implemented by using the device of Embodiment 5 of the sand disturbing system of the present invention.
  • the third power unit drives the floating body to travel, so that the floating body and the water flow form a speed difference, and the speed difference is a preset value, and may be a forward speed difference or a reverse speed difference.
  • the preset speed difference is a forward speed difference
  • the third power device drives the floating body to run downstream; when the preset speed difference is a reverse speed difference, the third power device drives the floating body to run countercurrently .
  • the relative speed difference between the floating body and the water flow can be adjusted to a preset value by adjusting the power of the third power device, that is, when the driving floating body is driven in reverse flow, the power of the third power device is far greater than when the floating body is traveling downstream.
  • the sand disturbing method of the embodiment drives the floating body and the water flow to form a set relative speed difference by the third power device, thereby correspondingly increasing the water flow energy passing through the gap between the edge of the baffle and the river bed, so that the floating body can be flexibly Perform sand drifting.
  • the method of disturbing sand of the present invention can be specifically carried out by any of the embodiments of the sand disturbing system of the present invention, but is not limited thereto.
  • the system for disturbing sand can be used to perform the sand scattering method of the present invention by blocking the flow of water with a baffle, allowing the water to flow through the distance between the edge of the baffle and the riverbed, and disturbing and washing away the sediment of the riverbed.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Description

护 ύ沙系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及调水调沙技术， 尤其涉及一种扰沙系统， 以及该系统所执行 的扰沙方法。 背景技术
自古以来， "水少沙多， 水沙不平衡" 成为黄河水患的根源， 黄河每年 携带 16亿吨泥沙进入下游， 其中有 4亿吨淤积在下游河床， 使之以每年平均 10厘米的速度抬升， 目前下游河床平均高出临河地面 4 - 6米， 形成了举世 闻名的 "地上悬河" 。
针对黄河的实际情况， 近年来， 我国提出了 "调水调沙" 的治理措施， 即借助河水已有的动能， 辅以人工扰动河床泥沙， 实现河床下切， 从而最大 限度输沙入海。 其中人工扰动河床泥沙主要釆用装载有空气压缩机和高压喷 嘴的扰沙船， 在离泥沙淤积面 0. 5米左右的上方实施高压冲击， 将该区域淤 积泥沙充分扰动起来。 此种扰沙船的高压喷嘴在对泥沙淤积面实施高压冲击 时， 冲击面积较小， 对于黄河大面积的泥沙淤积河段而言， 扰沙效果不明显。 并且， 现有技术通常仅对泥沙淤积严重的某些地点进行治理， 搅动起来的沙 子会沉积到下一个河段。 因此， 无法达到彻底治理泥沙的目的， 要实现对整 个河流的治沙， 那么成本将是相当巨大的， 难以实现彻底的根治。 发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种扰沙系统及方法， 以增强扰沙效果， 根治水患。 为实现上述目的， 本发明提供了一种扰沙系统， 包括： 扰沙船， 所述扰 沙船包括：
漂浮体， 漂浮在水流上， 数量至少为一个；
挡板， 设置在所述漂浮体上， 数量至少为一个， 在扰沙时所述挡板插入 所述水流中， 且所述挡板的边缘与河床具有一间距， 用于在所述水流穿过所 述间距时扰动河床上的泥沙。
为实现上述目的， 本发明还提供了一种扰沙方法， 包括：
将扰沙船的漂浮体上设置的挡板插入水流， 所述挡板的边缘与河床具有 一间距；
所述挡板在水流的推动下带动所述漂浮体顺流行驶， 所述水流穿过所述 间距时扰动并冲走泥沙。
由以上技术方案可知， 本发明釆用挡板阻隔水流， 使水流穿过挡板边缘 与河床之间的间距急速流过， 以扰动并冲走泥沙， 克服了现有技术中扰沙船 的高压喷嘴在对泥沙淤积面实施高压冲击时， 冲击面积较小， 对于黄河大面 积的泥沙淤积河段而言， 扰沙效果不明显的技术问题。 并且， 随着漂浮体的 行驶， 可以在河流较长的区域内进行调沙， 彻底治理泥沙淤积问题。 本发明 可以增强扰沙效果， 根治水患， 并且实现方法简单， 易于在黄河以及各种水 域中推广应用。 附图说明
图 1为本发明扰沙系统水流扰沙原理的侧视图； 图 2为本发明扰沙系统水流扰沙原理的河道截面图；
图 3为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例一的结构示意图；
图 4为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例二的结构示意图；
图 5为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例二中挡板移出水面的结构示意图； 图 6为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例三的结构示意图；
图 7为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例四的结构示意图；
图 8为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例五的结构示意图；
图 9为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例六的结构示意图；
图 10为本发明扰沙方法具体实施例的流程图。
图中：
1 -漂浮体 2 -挡板 3 -轮盘
4 -柔性链 5 -发电机 6 -第一动力装置
7 -枢接轴 8 -第二动力装置 9 -变速器
10 -换向器 11 -第一漂浮体 12 -第二漂浮体
41 -第一柔性链 42-第二柔性链 101-第一滑轮
102-第二滑轮 103-第三滑轮 104-第四滑轮
31 -第一轮盘 32 -第二轮盘 105-第一离合装置
106-第二离合装置 107-第四动力装置 108-第五动力装置
109-第三动力装置 91-第一变速器 92-第二变速器 具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述。 如图 1所示， 为本发明扰沙系统水流扰沙原理的侧视图， 本发明扰沙系 统主要包括扰沙船， 扰沙船包括： 至少一个漂浮体 1 , 该漂浮体 1上至少设 置一个挡板 2 , 当该挡板 2插入河水中， 与水流方向呈一夹角时， 挡板 2在 水流的推动下带动漂浮体 1行驶， 水流在挡板 2的阻隔下急速穿过该挡板 2 的边缘与河床底部的间距， 扰动河床上的泥沙。 根据水流携沙能力与水流速 度的平方成正比的原理， 若增大挡板 2与水流方向的夹角， 则该挡板 2的边 缘与河床底部的间距变小， 穿过该间距的水流速度增大， 则本发明扰沙系统 的扰沙船扰沙效果更明显， 下切河床底部的速度更快； 同理， 如图 2所示， 为本发明扰沙系统水流扰沙原理的河道截面图， 当增大挡板 2与水流方向的 夹角， 则该挡板 2的边缘与河床两边的间距变小， 穿过两边间距的水流速度 相应增大， 则本发明扰沙系统的扰沙船对河床两边的拓宽速度更快。
扰沙系统实施例一
如图 3所示为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例一的结构示意图， 该系统可以 设置在黄河水域中， 利用河流中的定向水流进行扰沙。 该系统具体可以包括 轮盘 3以及由漂浮体 1和挡板 2组成的扰沙船， 扰沙船通过柔性链 4与轮盘 3相连接。 其中， 轮盘 3相对于水流固定设置， 可以固定插入河底， 也可以 固定在堤坝或岸边。 扰沙船具体包括： 至少一个漂浮体 1漂浮在水流上， 具 体可以釆用常用的船体作为漂浮体 1 ; 至少一个挡板 2设置在漂浮体 1上， 在扰沙时， 将挡板 2插入水流中， 使挡板 2的方向与水流流动方向具有一夹 角， 该夹角大于 0度且小于等于 90度， 挡板 2用于在水流的推动下带动漂浮 体 1顺流行驶， 控制漂浮体 1的速度小于水流的速度。 挡板 2的边缘与河床 之间还具有一间距， 则漂浮体 1行驶时， 水流被挤压着急速流过该间距， 从 而能够将河床上的泥沙搅动翻起， 起到扰沙的作用， 搅动翻起的泥沙能够顺 流被冲走。
在本实施例中， 釆用柔性链 4将漂浮体 1连接到了轮盘 3上， 柔性链 4 的一端固定连接在该漂浮体 1上， 柔性链 4的另一端卷绕在轮盘 3上， 当漂 浮体 1在水流推动下顺流行驶时， 拖拽柔性链 4带动轮盘 3—起转动。 具体 应用中， 釆用柔性链 4和轮盘 3的好处是可以对漂浮体 1进行控制， 还能够 在漂浮体 1行驶一段距离后通过卷绕柔性链 4而将漂浮体 1收回到出发点。
本实施例的扰沙系统的扰沙过程具体为： 首先将挡板插入水流中， 在水 流的推动下， 挡板带动漂浮体一起顺流行驶； 挡板阻隔水流， 使水流穿过挡 板边缘与河床的间距， 扰动并冲走河床的泥沙； 漂浮体所经过的河床的泥沙 都能够被扰动并冲走。 在此过程中， 漂浮体拖拽柔性链从轮盘上松开， 则轮 盘沿着柔性链松开的方向转动。
本实施例的扰沙系统以始终浸没在水流中的挡板阻隔水流， 提高了穿过 挡板边缘与河床之间间隔的水流的动能， 能够充分利用水流的动能直接扰动 并冲走泥沙， 根治水患， 增强扰沙效果。 并且， 该系统的设备构成简单， 易 于在宽阔的水域内形成大规模的扰沙工程。 特别是适于设置在黄河水域中， 黄河水流泥沙携带量较大， 且不适宜行船， 所以可以利用空旷的水域构建由 本实施例的扰沙系统组成大型的扰沙工程。 在大型的扰沙工程中， 可以按照 黄河的流量设置挡板或漂浮体的宽度， 最大限度进行扰沙， 并从黄河中游河 道至黄河入海口连续设置多组扰沙船， 通过扰沙船的扰动， 疏松或冲起河床 泥沙， 改变了河床断面形态， 使断面向窄深方向发展， 利用本实施例扰沙水 流的输沙潜力， 可以大量输沙入海， 特别是将扰动河床上的粗沙带入大海， 提高河道的输沙能力。 通过大面积推广本实施例的扰沙系统能够彻底改变黄 河的 "地上悬河" 状态。
当黄河发大水时， 本实施例的扰沙船可以用较短时间拓宽河道， 增大河 道过流能力， 彻底根治黄河水患。
进一步地， 本实施例的扰沙系统还可以包括： 发电机 5 , 通过变速器 9 与轮盘 3的转动轴相连， 当轮盘 3转动时， 带动该发电机 5发电。
上述技术方案不仅利用漂浮体和挡板结构实现了扰沙， 而且利用了漂浮 体顺流而下的运动带动轮盘转动， 将轮盘的转动传递给发电机进行发电。
扰沙系统实施例二
如图 4所示为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例二的结构示意图， 本实施例以 上述实施例一为基础， 进一步设置有第一动力装置 6 , 第一动力装置 6 可以 为电动机等， 与轮盘 3相连， 用于在停止扰沙时， 驱动轮盘 3转动， 轮盘 3 的转动会将柔性链 4卷绕起来， 从而带动漂浮体 1逆流行驶， 并将柔性链 4 重新卷绕在轮盘 3上。
本实施例的技术方案使漂浮体不仅能顺流行驶去扰沙， 而且可以在动力 装置的驱动下逆流行驶返回到出发点， 以便重新开始下次扰沙。
在停止扰沙、 漂浮体 1逆流返航的过程中， 较佳的是将挡板 2从水流中 移出以减小阻力， 如图 5所示。 具体的， 该挡板 2的一端可以与漂浮体 1枢 接， 且枢接轴 7水平设置， 枢接轴 7上可以连接第二动力装置 8。 在漂浮体 1 顺流行驶扰沙时， 以第二动力装置 8驱动枢接轴 7转动， 从而带动挡板 2转 动， 以改变挡板 2与河床底部的间距； 在漂浮体 1逆流行驶停止扰沙时， 以 第二动力装置 8驱动枢接轴 7转动， 从而带动挡板 2转动， 直至挡板 2翘起 从水流中移开， 如图 5所示， 使得挡板 2转动至位于水面之上。
上述技术方案中， 与漂浮体枢接的挡板可以便利的变换位置， 在顺流行 驶扰沙时将挡板插入水中， 在逆流行驶停止扰沙时将挡板从水中移开以减小 阻力。 进一步的， 在顺流扰沙时， 还可以通过调整挡板入水的角度来调整挡 板所承受的推力大小， 来适应不同的实际需求。
4尤沙系统实施例三
如图 6所示为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例三的结构示意图， 本实施例以 上述实施例二为基础， 进一步沿水流方向串联设置多个扰沙船， 各扰沙船的 漂浮体 1首尾通过柔性链 4连接。
本实施例的技术方案使多个漂浮体能够同时顺流行驶扰沙， 并能够在一 个动力装置的驱动下逆流行驶返回到出发点。
在本实例的多个漂浮体 1顺流行驶扰沙时， 多个挡板 2同时插入水中； 在停止扰沙时， 多个漂浮体 1逆流返航过程中， 将多个挡板 2从水流中移出 以减小阻力。 具体的， 多个漂浮体 1顺流行驶进行扰沙时， 第二动力装置 8 驱动各漂浮体 1的枢接轴 7转动， 从而带动各挡板 2转动， 以使各挡板 2与 河床底部保持一间距； 在各漂浮体 1逆流行驶停止扰沙时， 第二动力装置 8 驱动各漂浮体 1的枢接轴 7转动， 从而带动挡板 1转动， 直至挡板 1翘起从 水流中移开。
上述技术方案中， 沿水流方向串联设置多个扰沙船， 多个漂浮体同时顺 流行驶增强了对河床泥沙的扰动， 并由一个动力装置驱动轮盘转动卷绕第一 个柔性链以带动所有漂浮体逆流行驶。
进一步地， 本实施例中也可以设置发电机 5 , 通过变速器 9与轮盘 3的 转动轴相连， 当本实施例的多个扰沙船顺流行驶时， 水流对多个挡板 2的推 力相应增大， 则带动轮盘 3转动时， 提高了发电机 5的发电功率。
4尤沙系统实施例四
如图 7所示为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例四的结构示意图， 本实施例的 技术方案中轮盘 3的数量为一个， 两个漂浮体， 即第一漂浮体 11和第二漂浮 体 12。 两个漂浮体上分别连接的第一柔性链 41和第二柔性链 42分别通过滑 轮系与该轮盘 3相连， 具体的， 第一漂浮体 11的第一柔性链 41通过第一滑 轮 101连接到设置在岸边的轮盘 3 , 第二漂浮体 12的第二柔性链 42通过第 二滑轮 102、 第三滑轮 1 03和第四滑轮 104连接到设置在岸边的轮盘 3上。 第一漂浮体 1 1和第二漂浮体 12的行驶线路是串行的， 且在水流流动方向上 相互不交叠。
轮盘上独立卷绕两个柔性链， 具体工作时， 其中一个柔性链呈卷绕状态， 另一个柔性链呈松开状态； 其中一个漂浮体在水流的推动下顺流行驶， 阻隔 水流进行扰沙， 并带动轮盘转动， 另一个漂浮体在转动的轮盘带动下逆流行 驶， 两个漂浮体交替顺流和逆流行驶。
进一步地， 本实施例的发电机 5 , 通过变速器 9、 换向器 10与轮盘 3的 转动轴相连， 当两个漂浮体 1交替顺流和逆流行驶时， 换向器 10能够改变轮 盘 3转动轴的转动方向， 以使发电机 5持续地发电。
本实施例的技术方案可以使两个漂浮体交替着进行扰沙， 并且行驶范围 不交叠可以避免漂浮体柔性链之间的纠缠和干扰。
扰沙系统实施例五
如图 8所示， 为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例五的结构示意图， 在本实施 例中， 轮盘的数量为两个， 即第一轮盘 31和第二轮盘 32 , 其上分别卷绕一 个柔性链， 即第一柔性链 41和第二柔性链 42 , 且其中一个柔性链呈卷绕状 态， 另一个柔性链呈松开状态； 发电机 5的数量为一个， 与第一轮盘 31和第 二轮盘 32的转动轴相连的第一变速器 91和第二变速器 92分别通过第一离 合装置 105和第二离合装置 106连接在发电机 5上， 第一离合装置 105和第 二离合装置 1 06具体可以为离合器或棘轮。且第一轮盘 31转动轴的另一端连 接第四动力装置 107 ,第二轮盘 32的转动轴的另一端连接第五动力装置 108 ; 每个柔性链的一端分别连接有一个漂浮体， 即第一漂浮体 1 1 和第二漂浮体 12 ; 其中一个漂浮体在水流的推动下顺流行驶， 并带动该轮盘转动， 从而带 动发电机 5转动发电， 与另一轮盘连接的离合装置使另一轮盘的转动轴与发 电机 5分离， 然后另一轮盘在其动力装置的驱动下转动， 从而带动所连接的 漂浮体逆流行驶； 两个漂浮体的柔性链通过滑轮系分别与各自轮盘相连， 两 个漂浮体的行驶范围在水流流动方向上不重叠。
在本实施例中， 进一步釆用两组轮盘、 柔性链和漂浮体的组合， 两个漂 浮体交替着进行扰沙， 并通过两个轮盘带动着一个发电机发电， 以离合装置 控制轮盘与发电机的接合和断开。 两个漂浮体交替着顺流发电和逆流返回， 并且， 以动力装置驱动漂浮体逆流返回， 这样发电机在两个轮盘的带动下可 以实现连续发电。 较佳的是使漂浮体逆流返回的速度大于另一漂浮体顺流行 驶的速度， 这样可以保证返回漂浮体留有收起挡板等的时间间隔， 以防止发 电功率的突变， 确保发电机能够连续发电。
4尤沙系统实施例六
如图 9所示为本发明扰沙系统具体实施例六的结构示意图， 本实施例在 漂浮体 1上设置类似于引擎这样的第三动力装置 1 09 , 用于在扰沙时， 驱动 漂浮体 1行驶， 使漂浮体 1与水流形成速度差， 该速度差为预先设定值， 可 以为正向速度差、 反向速度差。 当该预先设定的速度差为正向速度差时， 第 三动力装置 1 09驱动漂浮体 1顺流行驶； 当该预先设定的速度差为反向速度 差时， 第三动力装置 1 09驱动漂浮体 1逆流行驶。 本实施例中可以通过调整 第三动力装置 109的功率实现漂浮体 1与水流的相对速度差达到预设值，即： 驱动漂浮体 1逆流行驶时， 第三动力装置 109的功率远大于漂浮体 1顺流行 驶时的功率。
本实施例的扰沙系统通过第三动力装置驱动漂浮体与水流形成设定的相 对速度差， 相应地提高了穿过挡板边缘与河床之间间隔的水流动能， 使漂浮 体能够灵活地进行扰沙。
4尤沙方法实施例
如图 10所示为本发明扰沙方法具体实施例的流程图，该方法具体可以釆 用本发明扰沙系统的实施例来执行， 其包括如下步骤：
步骤 1 00、 将扰沙船的漂浮体上设置的挡板插入水流， 挡板的边缘与河 床具有一间距， 挡板与水流流动的方向具有一夹角；
步骤 200、 挡板在水流的推动下带动漂浮体顺流行驶， 该水流受挡板阻 隔， 穿过间距扰动并冲走泥沙。
其中， 漂浮体可以连接一柔性链的一端， 柔性链的另一端固定在相对于 水流固定设置的一轮盘上， 且柔性链卷绕在该轮盘上。 因此， 当挡板在水流 推动下带动漂浮体顺流行驶时还可以执行步骤 300、 漂浮体拖拽卷绕着的柔 性链松开， 被拖拽的柔性链带动轮盘转动。 连接柔性链的作用是能够在停止 扰沙时将漂浮体便利的回收到出发点。
本实施例的扰沙方法具体可以釆用本发明的扰沙系统实施例来执行， 将 挡板插入水流中， 在水流的推动下， 挡板带动漂浮体一起顺流行驶； 挡板阻 隔水流， 使水流穿过挡板边缘与河床的间距， 扰动并冲走河床的泥沙； 随着 漂浮体的行驶， 漂浮体经过的区域， 河床的泥沙都能够被扰动并冲走。
本实施例的技术方案是通过挡板对水流阻隔， 增加水流穿过挡板边缘与 河床之间的间距的动能， 从而扰动并带走河床底部和两边的泥沙， 增强了扰 沙效果。
进一步地， 在本实施例的基础上， 可以利用漂浮体的水平运动通过柔性 链转换为轮盘的转动， 进行发电， 那么可以在轮盘的转动轴上连接发电机， 当柔性链带动轮盘转动之时进一步使转动的轮盘带动发电机发电。
釆用上述技术方案， 既实现了扰沙治沙， 又能够进行发电， 充分利用了 水能资源， 提高了经济效益。
在本实施例的基础上， 为保证漂浮体扰沙作业的连续性， 可以进一步在 漂浮体行驶至柔性链从轮盘松开之后， 执行下述步骤， 驱动漂浮体逆流返航： 步骤 400、 启动第一动力装置， 带动漂浮体逆流行驶；
步骤 500、 在漂浮体逆流行驶的过程中， 轮盘转动以卷绕起柔性链。 上述第一动力装置可以是相对于水流固定设置的， 其连接在轮盘上， 通 过驱动轮盘转动来带动漂浮体逆流行驶。
为减小漂浮体逆流返航时的阻力， 在启动第一动力装置之前， 可以将挡 板从水流中移开， 例如， 当挡板的一端与漂浮体枢接时， 如上述扰沙系统实 施例中所述， 可以驱动挡板的一端与漂浮体之间的水平枢接轴转动， 直至将 枢接的挡板转动至翘起于水面之上或漂浮在水面之上而从水流中移出来减小 阻力。
本发明的扰沙方法， 可以进一步设置轮盘的数量为一个， 柔性链和漂浮 体的数量为两个， 当其中一个漂浮体顺流行驶拖拽柔性链带动轮盘转动时， 该轮盘的转动轴通过一变速器、 一换向器带动发电机转动发电； 同时轮盘的 转动卷绕另一柔性链， 以带动另一漂浮体逆流行驶。 两个漂浮体交替顺流行 驶和逆流行驶， 换向器能够改变轮盘转动的方向， 这样可以确保发电机能够 持续发电。 上述技术方案具体可以釆用本发明扰沙系统实施例四的装置来实 现。
本发明的扰沙方法， 可以进一步设置两组相连接的轮盘、 柔性链和漂浮 体， 一组为第一轮盘、 第一柔性链和第一漂浮体， 其以上述实施例中所述的 方法运行， 另一组为第二轮盘、 第二柔性链和第二漂浮体， 其也以上述实施 例中所述的方法运行。 两组系统配合工作流程具体为： 当第一漂浮体顺流行 驶拖拽第一柔性链带动第一轮盘转动时， 转动的第一轮盘的转动轴通过第一 离合器与发电机接合， 并通过一变速器带动发电机转动发电； 同时， 第二漂 浮体所连接的第二轮盘通过第二离合器与发电机断开连接， 以动力装置驱动 第二轮盘转动， 转动的第二轮盘卷绕其上连接的第二柔性链， 第二柔性链拖 拽其上连接的第二漂浮体在水流中逆流行驶。 两个漂浮体交替顺流行驶和逆 流行驶，其各自所连接的离合器在所连接的漂浮体顺流行驶时与发电机接合， 且在所连接的漂浮体逆流行驶时与发电机断开。 动力装置驱动一个漂浮体逆 流行驶的速度可以等于， 较佳的是大于另一个漂浮体顺流行驶的速度。 这样 可以保证返回漂浮体留有收起挡板等的时间间隔， 以防止发电功率的突变， 确保发电机能够连续发电。 上述技术方案具体可以釆用本发明扰沙系统实施 例五的装置来实现。
本发明的扰沙方法， 还可以在漂浮体上设置类似于引擎这样的第三动力 装置。 在扰沙时， 第三动力装置驱动漂浮体行驶， 从而使漂浮体与水流形成 速度差， 该速度差为预先设定值， 可以为正向速度差、 反向速度差。 当该预 先设定的速度差为正向速度差时， 第三动力装置驱动漂浮体顺流行驶； 当该 预先设定的速度差为反向速度差时， 第三动力装置驱动漂浮体逆流行驶。 本 实施例中可以通过调整第三动力装置的功率实现漂浮体与水流的相对速度差 达到预设值， 即： 驱动漂浮体逆流行驶时， 第三动力装置的功率远大于漂浮 体顺流行驶时的功率。 本实施例的扰沙方法通过第三动力装置驱动漂浮体与 水流形成设定的相对速度差， 相应地提高了穿过挡板边缘与河床之间间隔的 水流动能， 使漂浮体能够灵活地进行扰沙。
本发明的扰沙方法具体可以由本发明扰沙系统的任一实施例来执行， 但 是并不限于此。 能够以挡板阻隔水流， 使水流穿过挡板边缘与河床的间距， 扰动并冲走河床的泥沙，以此来扰沙的系统都可以用来执行本发明的扰沙方法。
最后应说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对其 限制； 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通技术 人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改， 或 者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并不使相应技 术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种扰沙系统， 其特征在于， 包括： 扰沙船， 所述扰沙船包括： 漂浮体， 漂浮在水流上， 数量至少为一个；
挡板， 设置在所述漂浮体上， 数量至少为一个， 在扰沙时所述挡板插入 所述水流中， 且所述挡板的边缘与河床具有一间距， 用于在所述水流穿过所 述间距时扰动河床上的泥沙。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的扰沙系统， 其特征在于， 还包括：
轮盘， 相对于水流固定设置；
柔性链， 所述柔性链的一端固定连接在所述漂浮体上， 所述柔性链的另 一端卷绕在所述轮盘上， 当所述漂浮体在水流推动下顺流行驶时， 拖拽卷绕 的所述柔性链带动所述轮盘转动。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的扰沙系统， 其特征在于， 还包括：
发电机， 通过变速器与所述轮盘的转动轴相连， 当所述轮盘转动时， 带 动所述发电机发电。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的扰沙系统， 其特征在于， 还包括： 第一动力装置， 与所述轮盘相连， 用于在停止扰沙时， 驱动所述轮盘转 动卷绕所述柔性链以带动所述漂浮体逆流行驶。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的扰沙系统， 其特征在于： 所述挡板的 一端与所述漂浮体枢接， 且枢接轴水平设置； 还包括第二动力装置， 与所述 枢接轴相连， 在所述漂浮体顺流行驶扰沙时， 所述第二动力装置用于驱动所 述挡板转动以改变所述挡板与河床底部的间距， 在所述漂浮体逆流行驶时， 所述第二动力装置用于驱动所述挡板转动至从水流中移开。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的扰沙系统， 其特征在于： 多个所述扰 沙船沿水流方向串联设置。
7、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的扰沙系统， 其特征在于： 所述漂浮体和柔 性链的数量均为两个， 两个所述漂浮体连接的两个柔性链分别通过滑轮系与 一个所述轮盘相连， 且其中一个所述柔性链呈卷绕状态， 另一个所述柔性链 呈松开状态； 其中一个所述漂浮体在水流的推动下顺流行驶， 并带动所述轮 盘转动； 另一个所述漂浮体在转动的轮盘带动下逆流行驶， 两个所述漂浮体 的行驶范围在水流流动方向上不重叠。
8、 根据权利要求 3所述的扰沙系统， 其特征在于： 所述轮盘的数量为两 个， 其上分别卷绕一个所述柔性链， 且其中一个所述柔性链呈卷绕状态， 另 一个所述柔性链呈松开状态； 所述发电机的数量为一个， 与两个所述轮盘的 转动轴分别相连的两个变速器分别通过一离合器或棘轮连接在所述发电机的 两端， 且两个轮盘的转动轴的另一端分别连接一动力装置； 每个所述柔性链 的一端分别连接有一个所述漂浮体， 两个所述漂浮体的柔性链分别通过滑轮 系与两个所述轮盘相连； 其中一个所述漂浮体在水流的推动下顺流行驶， 并 带动所连接的轮盘转动， 从而带动所述发电机转动发电， 另一个所述漂浮体 所连接的轮盘在动力装置的驱动下转动，从而带动所连接的漂浮体逆流行驶； 两个所述漂浮体的行驶范围在水流流动方向上不重叠。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的扰沙系统， 其特征在于， 还包括：
第三动力装置， 设置在所述漂浮体上， 用于在扰沙时驱动所述漂浮体与 所述水流形成预设的速度差。
10、 一种扰沙方法， 其特征在于， 包括： 将扰沙船的漂浮体上设置的挡板插入水流， 所述挡板的边缘与河床具有 一间距；
所述挡板在水流的推动下带动所述漂浮体顺流行驶， 所述水流穿过所述 间距时扰动并冲走泥沙。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的扰沙方法， 其特征在于， 当所述挡板在水流 的推动下带动所述漂浮体顺流行驶时， 还包括：
所述漂浮体拖拽其上连接的柔性链， 所述柔性链的另一端卷绕在相对于 所述水流固定设置的一轮盘上， 拖拽的所述柔性链带动所述轮盘转动。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的扰沙方法， 其特征在于， 当所述漂浮体拖拽 所述柔性链， 拖拽的所述柔性链带动所述轮盘转动时， 还包括：
转动的所述轮盘带动与所述轮盘连接的发电机发电。
13、 根据权利要求 11或 12所述的扰沙方法， 其特征在于， 所述漂浮体 拖拽所述柔性链， 拖拽的所述柔性链带动所述轮盘转动至所述柔性链从所述 轮盘松开之后， 还包括：
启动第一动力装置， 带动所述漂浮体逆流行驶；
在所述漂浮体逆流行驶过程中， 所述轮盘转动以卷绕所述柔性链。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的扰沙方法， 其特征在于， 在所述启动第一动 力装置之前， 还包括： 将所述挡板从水流中移出。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的扰沙方法， 其特征在于， 所述将所述挡板从 水流中移出具体为： 驱动所述挡板的一端与所述漂浮体之间的枢接轴转动， 直至所述挡板从所述水流中移出。
16、 根据权利要求 13所述的扰沙方法， 其特征在于， 所述启动第一动力 装置， 带动所述漂浮体逆流行驶具体为： 启动相对于水流固定设置的第一动 力装置， 驱动所述轮盘转动以带动所述漂浮体逆流行驶。
17、 根据权利要求 12所述的扰沙方法， 其特征在于， 当所述漂浮体拖拽 所述柔性链， 拖拽的所述柔性链带动所述轮盘转动时， 转动的所述轮盘带动 与所述轮盘连接的发电机发电具体为：
所述漂浮体、 柔性链和轮盘具体为第一漂浮体、 第一柔性链和第一轮盘， 则当所述第一漂浮体拖拽所述第一柔性链， 拖拽的第一柔性链带动所述第一 轮盘转动时， 转动的所述第一轮盘通过第一离合器与所述发电机接合， 并带 动所述发电机发电；
同时， 第二轮盘通过第二离合器与所述发电机断开， 驱动所述第二轮盘 转动， 转动的第二轮盘卷绕其上连接的第二柔性链， 所述第二柔性链拖拽其 上连接的第二漂浮体在所述水流中逆流行驶， 所述第一漂浮体和第二漂浮体 交替地顺流行驶和逆流行驶， 其各自所连接的离合器在所连接的漂浮体顺流 行驶时与所述发电机接合， 且在所连接的漂浮体逆流行驶时与所述发电机断 开。
18、 根据权利要求 10所述的扰沙方法， 其特征在于， 所述漂浮体在扰沙 时， 还包括： 启动第三动力装置， 驱动所述漂浮体与所述水流形成预设的速 度差。
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