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WO2010059220A2 - Fabrication écologique à grande échelle de méthane utilisant un plasma - Google Patents

Fabrication écologique à grande échelle de méthane utilisant un plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010059220A2
WO2010059220A2 PCT/US2009/006202 US2009006202W WO2010059220A2 WO 2010059220 A2 WO2010059220 A2 WO 2010059220A2 US 2009006202 W US2009006202 W US 2009006202W WO 2010059220 A2 WO2010059220 A2 WO 2010059220A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
mixture
extracting
methane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/006202
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010059220A3 (fr
Inventor
James Charles Juranitch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GLOBAL ENERGIES LLC
Original Assignee
GLOBAL ENERGIES LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GLOBAL ENERGIES LLC filed Critical GLOBAL ENERGIES LLC
Priority to US12/998,693 priority Critical patent/US20110288185A1/en
Publication of WO2010059220A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010059220A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2010059220A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010059220A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
    • C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1612—CO2-separation and sequestration, i.e. long time storage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • C10J2300/1815—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water for carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to methods and systems for extracting methane, and more particularly, to a system for manufacturing methane on a large scale from waste.
  • a current method of producing methane is to mine it from beneath the surface of the earth. All fossil fuel based methane that is burned produces additional greenhouse gasses. There is need for a methane generator the uses renewable resources, such as municipal waste. Such usage would render the methane that is produced to be carbon neutral. More specifically, when burned, the methane thus produced will not add any additional greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
  • methane commonly referred to as "natural gas.”
  • natural gas a commodity that can widely be used in an efficient manner.
  • methane differs slightly from the natural gas used by most people, the names have been used interchangeably in the art. This interchangeability is due to the fact that the BTU content, or energy level of methane, is essentially the same per cubic foot as the commonly used natural gas. This makes methane a very tradable commodity in today's energy markets. Additionally, methane can be used in optimized applications at very high levels of efficiency.
  • Plasma melters are now becoming a reliable technology that is used to destroy waste. At this time there are few operational plasma melter installations, but the technology is gaining acceptance. It is a characteristic of plasma melters that they produce a low BTU syngas consisting of several different elements. If the plasma melters are operated in a pyrolysis mode of operation, they will generate large amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The syngas byproduct is typically used to run stationary power generators. The resulting electric power is then sold to the power grid.
  • the method includes the steps of: supplying a waste material to a plasma melter; supplying electrical energy to the plasma melter; supplying steam to the plasma melter; extracting a syngas from the plasma melter; extracting hydrogen from the syngas; and forming methane from the hydrogen produced in the step of extracting hydrogen.
  • the waste material that is supplied to the plasma melter is a municipal waste.
  • the waste material is a municipal solid waste, and in still other embodiments the waste material is a biomass.
  • the biomass is specifically grown.
  • the step of extracting hydrogen from the syngas includes, but is not limited to, the steps of: subjecting the syngas to a water gas shift process to form a mixture hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and extracting hydrogen from the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • the step of extracting hydrogen from the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide includes, but is not limited to, the step of subjecting the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide to a pressure swing adsorption process. In some embodiments, the step of extracting hydrogen from the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide includes, but is not limited to, the step of subjecting the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide to a molecular sieve. In a further embodiment, the step of extracting hydrogen from the mixture hydrogen and carbon dioxide includes, but is not limited to, the step of subjecting the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide to an aqueous ethanolamine solution. In yet another embodiment, prior to performing the step of subjecting the syngas to a water gas shift process to form a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide there is provided the step of pre-treating the output of the plasma melter to perform a cleaning and separation of the syngas.
  • the step of forming methane from the hydrogen produced in the step of extracting hydrogen includes, without limitation, the step of subjecting the hydrogen to a Sabatier Reactor process.
  • the further step of optimizing the production of methane by correcting the molar ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the Sabatier Reactor process.
  • the step of correcting the molar ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the Sabatier Reactor process includes, but is not limited to, the step of supplying a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to the Sabatier Reactor process.
  • step of correcting the molar ratio of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the Sabatier Reactor process is provided.
  • hydrogen and carbon dioxide are diverted from the output of the water gas shift process, and are delivered to the Sabatier Reactor process.
  • the step of supplying the mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to the Sabatier Reactor process includes, but is not limited to, the step of diverting a portion of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced by the plasma melter.
  • the step of diverting a portion of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced by the plasma melter is performed, in one embodiment, after performing a step of cleaning the hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced by the plasma melter.
  • the Sabatier Reactor is constructed of an aluminum-based ceramic foam, or other appropriately based foam.
  • the step of extracting a slag from the plasma melter includes, but is not limited to, the step of supplying municipal waste to the plasma melter.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified function block and schematic representation of a specific illustrative embodiment of the invention. Detailed Description
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified function block and schematic representation of a specific illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • a methane producing system 100 receives municipal waste, or specifically grown biomass 110 that is deposited into a plasma melter 112.
  • the process is operated in a pyrolysis mode (i.e., lacking oxygen).
  • Steam 115 is delivered to plasma melter 112 to facilitate production of hydrogen and plasma.
  • electrical power 116 is delivered to plasma melter 112.
  • a hydrogen rich Syngas 118 is produced at an output (not specifically designated) of plasma melter 112, as is a slag 114 that is subsequently removed.
  • slag 114 is sold as building materials, and may take the form of mineral wool, reclaimed metals, and silicates, such as building blocks.
  • the BTU content, plasma production, and slag production can also be "sweetened” by the addition of small amounts of coke or other additives (not shown).
  • the syngas is cooled, cleaned, and separated in a pretreatment step 120.
  • the carbon monoxide is processed out of the cleaned syngas at the output of a Water Gas Shift reaction 122.
  • the waste carbon dioxide 126 that is later stripped out is not considered an addition to the greenhouse gas carbon base. This is due to the fact it is obtained in its entirety from a reclaimed and renewable source energy. In this embodiment of the invention, the energy source is predominantly municipal waste 110.
  • the carbon dioxide is recycled into the plasma melter 112 and reprocessed into carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) process, molecular sieve, aqueous ethanolamine solutions, or other processes are used in process step 124 to separate out carbon dioxide 126.
  • Hydrogen from process step 124 is delivered to a conventional Sabatier Reactor 128, which is a known large scale process, or other similar process, to produce methane 134.
  • the Sabatier Reactor is formed of a ceramic foam that is based on aluminum or other appropriate material.
  • a portion of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen obtained from pretreatment step 120 is diverted by a flow control valve 130 and supplied to Sabatier Reactor 128. This diverted flow is applied to achieve an appropriate molar ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and thereby optimize the production of methane.
  • a flow valve 123 diverts a portion of the hydrogen and carbon dioxide that is produced at the output of Water Gas Shift reaction 122 to Sabatier Reactor 128.
  • Pretreatment step 120 Water Gas Shift reaction 122, and Sabatier Reactor 128 generate heat that in some embodiments of the invention is used to supply steam to the plasma melter 112, or to a turbine generator (not shown), or any other process (not shown) that utilizes heat.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un procédé et un système pour transformer des déchets en méthane en utilisant un plasma. Le procédé utilise une quantité minimale de combustible fossile et produit par conséquent une empreinte carbone minimale en comparaison des procédés classiques. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : l'introduction d’un matériau de biomasse dans un dispositif de fusion à plasma; l’introduction d’énergie électrique dans le dispositif de fusion à plasma; l’introduction de vapeur dans le dispositif de fusion à plasma; l’extraction d’un gaz de synthèse du dispositif de fusion à plasma; l’extraction d’hydrogène à partir du gaz de synthèse; et la formation de méthane à partir de l’hydrogène produit lors de l’étape d’extraction d’hydrogène.
PCT/US2009/006202 2008-11-19 2009-11-19 Fabrication écologique à grande échelle de méthane utilisant un plasma Ceased WO2010059220A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/998,693 US20110288185A1 (en) 2008-11-19 2009-11-19 Large scale green manufacturing of methane using plasma

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19976008P 2008-11-19 2008-11-19
US61/199,760 2008-11-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010059220A2 true WO2010059220A2 (fr) 2010-05-27
WO2010059220A3 WO2010059220A3 (fr) 2016-03-24

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PCT/US2009/006202 Ceased WO2010059220A2 (fr) 2008-11-19 2009-11-19 Fabrication écologique à grande échelle de méthane utilisant un plasma

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20110288185A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010059220A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012039749A1 (fr) 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 James Charles Juranitch Gaz de synthèse mélangé renouvelable produit au moyen d'un système à base de plasma
WO2012067754A1 (fr) * 2010-11-19 2012-05-24 Praxair Technology, Inc. Procédé de fabrication de gaz naturel synthétique
WO2015011503A1 (fr) * 2013-07-26 2015-01-29 Advanced Plasma Power Limited Procédé de production d'un substitut du gaz naturel

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2632775A (en) * 2023-03-03 2025-02-26 Siemens Process Systems Engineering Ltd Fuel generation system and method

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5666891A (en) * 1995-02-02 1997-09-16 Battelle Memorial Institute ARC plasma-melter electro conversion system for waste treatment and resource recovery
US20040112741A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-06-17 Murdoch Karen E. Method and system for producing dry gas
WO2008117119A2 (fr) * 2006-11-02 2008-10-02 Plasco Energy Group Inc. Système de conditionnement de résidus
US7655703B2 (en) * 2007-01-26 2010-02-02 Inentec Llc Method and apparatus for methanol and other fuel production

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012039749A1 (fr) 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 James Charles Juranitch Gaz de synthèse mélangé renouvelable produit au moyen d'un système à base de plasma
EP2618895A4 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2014-07-23 James Charles Juranitch Gaz de synthèse mélangé renouvelable produit au moyen d'un système à base de plasma
US11261393B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2022-03-01 Plasma Tech Holdings, Llc Renewable blended syngas from a plasma-based system
WO2012067754A1 (fr) * 2010-11-19 2012-05-24 Praxair Technology, Inc. Procédé de fabrication de gaz naturel synthétique
CN103189481A (zh) * 2010-11-19 2013-07-03 普莱克斯技术有限公司 制备合成天然气的方法
CN103189481B (zh) * 2010-11-19 2016-06-22 普莱克斯技术有限公司 制备合成天然气的方法
KR101929066B1 (ko) 2010-11-19 2018-12-13 프랙스에어 테크놀로지, 인코포레이티드 합성 천연 가스의 제조 공정
WO2015011503A1 (fr) * 2013-07-26 2015-01-29 Advanced Plasma Power Limited Procédé de production d'un substitut du gaz naturel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010059220A3 (fr) 2016-03-24
US20110288185A1 (en) 2011-11-24

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