WO2010052242A1 - Method for concentrating bioactive substances from plants using minerals and for forming reversible biomineral composite systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for concentrating bioactive substances from at least one plant using at least one mineral for forming a reversible, biomineral composite system, said method comprising the following process steps: a) digesting the plant and transferring the plant contents to at least one suspension, b) optionally dissolving the bioactive substance from the plant matrix using extractants, c) separating the cellulose components of the plant, in particular by way of filtration or separation of the suspension, d) preparing a colloidal dispersion from the extract containing the plant contents and at least one mineral, in particular a clay mineral, through mechanical activation, e) drying the dispersion prepared in step d), and f) optionally disintegrating the aggregated parts in the dispersion. The consequence of these process steps is a materially bonded and interlocking composite between particles of the mineral and the adsorbed and included plant substance, said composite forming as a result of physical adsorption and aggregation due to drying. This composite can be completely dissolved again by adding a suitable solvent.

Description

 Method of concentrating bioactive substances from plants using minerals and forming reversible biomineral composite systems

The present invention relates to a method according to claim 1, and the biomineral composite system produced by the method according to claim 13.

It is known that plants are complex organisms. Of medical interest are individual building blocks, complex extracts, the entire plant up to their entire being, depending on the application. It is usually true that the more fully it enters into the application, the more complete and effective it is in comparison to a similar synthetic product, produces less undesirable effects, and can more effectively alter a pathological condition, because of the multitude of components a whole bunch of effects is activated. Using an isolated molecule increases the likelihood that the cause of the pathological condition will find a new pathway and lose the effect of the molecule (adaptation).

The material composition of the plant is the result of millennia of evolution. Plants assert themselves within the ecosystem against similar attackers as humans, they apply some similar strategies to get rid of invading pathogens.

In recent years, the paradigm of the pharmaceutical industry to combat a disease at a particular receptor with a molecule (drug) has been relativized. Increased resistance and strong side effects at the same time unsatisfactory effect are the triggers. The pharmaceutical industry has discovered the potential of the multi-substance mixture and begins to combine molecules (HIV / Aids therapy).

It is known that plants consist of primary and secondary plant substances. The primary phytochemicals, with the exception of fiber, have a nutrient effect and can be divided into carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and fiber. Secondary plant compounds occur only in small amounts in plants and have a protective effect. They can be divided into the following groups: carotenoids, phytostins, glucosinolates, Flavonoids, phenolic acids, protease inhibitors, monoterpenes, phytoestrogens and sulfur compounds.

In total, around 30,000 different phytonutrients, also known as phytochemicals, are currently known.

It is believed that secondary metabolites have developed as a result of intense interaction between plants and their environment, especially predators. Many secondary metabolites are used by the plant as effective chemical defense against herbivores and pathogens. On the other hand, secondary metabolites as coloring and flavoring agents attract pollen-dispersing insects and seed-spreading fruit-eaters.

Many of the defenses are toxic not only to the enemies of the plants, but also to the plants themselves. To avoid self-destruction, plants have developed three key strategies.

The substances accumulate in special cells or tissues. For example, resin accumulates in the resin veins, alkaloids are stored in special hair or scales, and very often secondary metabolites accumulate in the hair

Vacuole on. The release of the substances takes place only when tissue destruction.

The plants form non-toxic precursors and a specific enzyme system that is located in other compartments of the cell or in special cells. Only when the compartments dissolve by injury do the enzymes come into contact with the substances and form the actual toxic antibodies. Example: Alliin in garlic.

The plants form protective substances only in response to an infection. These protective substances are called phytoalexins. Their education is limited only to the place of infection. The formation of phytoalexins is triggered by special signal substances (elicitors).

In many cases, only by the destruction of the tissue cells and the resulting release of substances, a chain of chemical reactions is set in motion, at the end pharmacologically active substances arise. The plant substances in their entirety form a multi-substance mixture, whose components work together synergistically and thereby strengthen themselves. The effects are multi-dimensional and have an effect on the whole organism. Depending on the plant and its profile of bioactive substances, however, individual effects can be achieved especially.

Studies have shown that the effects of phytochemicals can generally be summarized as follows: antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, blood pressure regulating, lowering cholesterol, regulating blood glucose, promoting digestion.

The following phytochemicals in the respective ranking are of particular importance for human health: glucosinolates, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sulfur compounds, carotenoids.

It is known that glucosinolates occur especially in brassicas. In Central Europe they occur mainly in Kreuzblütengewächsen (Brassicaceae). These include kale species such as cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, turnip. In addition, u.a. Radishes, rapeseed, mustard, horseradish and cress on this.

The non-toxic precursor glucosinolates and the appropriate enzyme system myrosinase are located in different compartments, which are released when the vacuoles are destroyed and trigger glucosinolate hydrolysis (see Scheme 1).

Schema 1 BPiTHKHUTmuε Die Produktbildung ist stark abhängig vom pH-Wert der Reaktionsumgebung. Bei einem pH-Wert von 7 werden insbesondere Isothiocyanate, bei einem pH-Wert von 3-4 Thiocyanate und Nitrile gebildet. Zurzeit sind etwa 120 Glucosinolate und die entsprechenden Hydrolyseprodukte bekannt.

Scheme 1 BPiTHKHUTmuε Product formation is highly dependent on the pH of the reaction environment. At a pH of 7 in particular isothiocyanates, at a pH of 3-4 thiocyanates and nitriles are formed. At present, about 120 glucosinolates and the corresponding hydrolysis products are known.

Scientific investigations have shown that especially the following isothiocyanates have an extremely positive spectrum of activity (Scheme 2).

S

N - C - S M - p - O

Ailyfisothiocyanate (AITC) 4-Methytothiobitty isothiocyanate (MTBITC) M = 99.15 g / mol M = 161.29 g / times

Benzyl cyanothiocyanate (BITC) phenyl ethylisothiocyanate (PEΣTC) M = 149.2 g / mol M = 163.2 g / mol

Scheme 2

The cited isothiocyanates are bacteriostatic / bacteriocidal (high-dose), virostatic, antifungal, modulate impurity metabolizing enzymes, induce apoptosis, modulate histone deacetylation and affect estrogen status.

It is known that the bioavailability of the isothiocyanates is highly dependent on the type of consumption, since the myrosinase is inactivated during cooking and also in the microwave.

Thus, the bioavailability after consumption of raw vegetables is 30 - 50%, of cooked vegetables 10 - 15%, of isolated glucosinolates 10 - 15% and of isolated isothiocyanates 90%.

For therapeutic applications, isolation of room temperature nonvolatile isothiocyanates is of critical importance. It does not come up the isolation of the individual molecule, but the presence of the free isothiocyanates in the multi-substance mixture of primary and secondary plant substances is essential for the effectiveness. This mixture also consists of several phases, such as a suspension of water and solid and of gaseous, liquid and solid materials which are in solution.

For the prophylactic and therapeutic use of phytochemicals their gentle release and fixation in a liquid or solid matrix in their entirety and in a high concentration is crucial.

It is known that for the extraction of a component from a solid or liquid mixture extraction is used as a physical separation process. Depending on the extractant, the goal is usually to remove very specific active substances from the plant matrix and then to concentrate them with often thermal agents.

It is also known that for the enrichment of gases and liquids and adsorbents can be used. In the general sense, adsorption is a physical process in which substances adhere to the surface of another substance and accumulate on its surface. The forces that cause adhesion are not chemical bonds but only physical forces. Therefore, this form of adsorption is called exact physical adsorption or physisorption. However, the adsorbed substance (adsorbate) does not form a chemical bond with the surface, but adheres to weaker forces similar to the adhesion. As a rule, only van der Waal's forces appear. The physical adsorption is reversible.

The chemical adsorption (chemosorption) is characterized by a chemical bond between adsorbent and adsorbate, which can lead to the formation of a new chemical compound. Chemosorption proceeds more slowly than physical adsorption and is not reversible.

For the use of adsorbent, in particular for physisorption, its pore structure or the existing reaction surface is the most important factor. In order to ensure optimal utilization of the surface or the adsorption sites, the distribution of the cavities should be maximum, the wall thickness should be minimal. That's why the pore structure and the accessible Surface per unit mass often used as a quality criterion for an adsorbent.

Therefore come as adsorbents in particular those substances are used which have a high specific surface area or high porosity such as activated carbon, silica gel, sepiolite, zeolites or bentonites. These can be used in the form of beds or in structured form. Due to their very different ion uptake capacities, their application depends on the specific task.

As early as 1935, MADAUS (GB 485188) recognized that it is possible to bind the volatile constituents from medicinal plants to a coarse granulate of adsorbents.

In medicine, activated carbon is mainly used to remove toxins from the gastrointestinal tract. For harmless diarrhea, z. As gastrointestinal influenza (gastroenteritis), coal compresses are commonly used. In poisoning emergencies activated carbon is used in greater quantities to remove orally taken up poisons that are in the digestive tract or undergo enterohepatic circulation from the organism

Silica gel is used for drying wet chemical compounds.

Zeolites have a variety of applications u.a. as an ion exchanger for water softening, EDTA substitute, molecular sieve, desiccant or in a self-cooling beer keg. Furthermore, they are needed for large-scale production of detergents. However, zeolites are also used in industrial catalysts and are installed in heat storage heaters. Increasingly, natural zeolites are also being used as a feed additive to have a positive effect on diarrhea and as mycotoxin binders. There are also mixtures of zeolites and parts of plants, which have a higher efficiency in the animal body than each component on its own (US 6287576).

Sepiolites have recently been used as a carrier material for natural products. Meerschaum or sepiolite is a rather rare clay mineral from the group of silicates, chemically a hydrated magnesium silicate. Due to its high porosity, it is predestined for the absorption of liquids. The particle size distribution ranges between 50μm and 700μm. (EP 1132009, EP 1297751). Bentonite, named after the Benton Formation, Fort Benton Montana, is a rock that is a mixture of different clay minerals and contains as its main constituent montmorillonite (60-80%), which explains its strong water absorption and swelling ability. Further accompanying minerals are quartz, mica, feldspar, pyrite or calcite. It is caused by weathering from volcanic ash.

Clay minerals are divided into different groups depending on the layer structure. These include the group of kaolinites, smectites, illites and chlorites.

A well-known representative of the clay minerals is montmorillonite, which belongs to the group of smectides as a three-layer dioctahedral silicate with a tetrahedral layer-octahedral layer-tetrahedral layer structure.

Montmorillonite is a three-layer silicate with high swelling capacity and thixotropy. In the fully delaminated state it can reach an accessible surface of up to 750m ² / g. It is capable of ion exchange and chemical and physical adsorption. Most of the adsorption is via van der Waals forces and through hydrogen bonds.

The binding of organic agents to montmorillonite usually occurs through several mechanisms involving physical adsorption and chemosorption.

Cationic agents are preferably exchanged for the cations contained in montmorillonite and bound by chemosorption to the montmorillonite. These mechanisms are controlled by the pH.

The binding of anionic drugs to montmorillonite is preferably carried out by physical adsorption, so that the drug can be released quickly.

Nonionic agents are often bound to montmorillonite via van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.

Montmorillonite has a remarkable swelling capacity. Water causes the interlayer cations to build up through hydration. The swelling process is called "intergranular swelling." Nathum montmorillonite can absorb six to seven times its dry matter in liquid. In the presence of still small amounts of solvent, the layers remain well ordered, but increases the supply of solvents, the state of order is increasingly lost.

Due to the physicochemical properties shown, montmorillonite is used in particular as a pharmaceutical excipient and as a bioactive agent, in particular as a detoxifier. Also, chemical agents can be bound and thus used for drug preparation.

Increasingly, bentonites are used as a feed additive especially in diarrheal diseases in animals and in a particular embodiment as mycotoxin binder. With a very high content of montmorillonite bentonite is also used in mixtures with zeolites and plant parts as animal feed (US 6287576).

Due to their smaller measurable surface compared to pure montmorillonite layers, the frequently occurring interchangeable clay minerals (mixed layers) are less frequently used for adsorptive and catalytic applications.

For the production of biomineral composite systems not only a large adsorption capacity of importance, but the complete desorption of the bound bioactive substances in the small intestine of humans and animals without previous destruction in the stomach is no less important.

Starting from the prior art, it is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method by means of which composite systems can be provided which have a high content of bioactive substances, a high bioavailability, a low adsorbability of foreign substances and a good storability and durability ,

This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a composite system having the features of claim 13.

Accordingly, the method according to the invention for the concentration of bioactive substances, in particular phytochemicals, using at least one mineral in the form of reversible biomineral composite systems is characterized by the following method steps: a) digestion of the plant and conversion of the plant constituents into at least one suspension,

b) optionally dissolving the bioactive substances from the plant matrix by the use of extraction agents,

c) separation of the cellulose constituents of the plant, in particular by means of filtration or separation of the suspension,

d) preparation of a dispersion, in particular a colloidal suspension, from the extract containing the plant constituents and at least one mineral, in particular a clay mineral,

e) drying the dispersion prepared in step d),

f) if necessary, disintegration of the parts aggregated in the dispersion.

Through the cell disruption of the plants, especially of water-containing crops, the plant ingredients are transferred into a suspension. The cell water itself or an added solvent can form the liquid phase. For cell disintegration, etching disc mills, hammer mills and the like are preferably used. used with adapted screen plates. The process temperature is a maximum of 35 ° C with minimal air entry. High air intake can lead to the oxidation of bioactive substances. Therefore slowly running mills are indicated.

As a plant crops or green algae are used, which are available as food for humans or as cattle feed. Drug plants can also be used.

As a crop especially fruits, vegetables, herbs, medicinal herbs, spices and mushrooms are used.

The crops used are preferably water-containing fruits and vegetables. Preferred fruits are blueberries, red and blackcurrants, red grapes and apples. Preferred vegetables come from the group of Brassicaceae, in particular cabbage, Radish, watercress or broccoli. In general, only plants that grow in close proximity to the consumer should be used. Therefore, the optimal plants differ depending on the climatic zone.

For optimal release of all bioactive substances, in particular phytochemicals, the plant cells are digested in a moist or dry state and mixed intensively with an extractant. The bioactive substances are dissolved out of the plant matrix. The ratio between plant and extractant determines the degree of saturation of the extract. As the extractant, organic solvents such as e.g. Ethanol, methanol and / or mixtures of water and organic solvent and / or mixtures of water, organic solvent and oil, e.g. used a water-ethanol-oil mixture.

The cell disruption causes the release of the bioactive substances, especially the phytochemicals. The release occurs from the vacuoles of the plant cells, which preferably contain the bioactive substances. Depending on the plant, further enzymatic transformations may occur.

The separation of the vegetable cellulose is preferably carried out by means of a hydraulic filter press or a separator. The mesh size of the filter elements should be about 900μm. The cellulose components of the plant affect by their relatively high proportion in the dry matter, a maximum concentration of bioactive substances. The clarified extract contains by the optimal choice of the composition of the extractant, the totality of the bioactive substances of the plant, which would also be available to the human as well as the animal when consuming the same in diluted form.

The pressed juice obtained by the cell disruption and subsequent filtration contains essentially all bioactive substances contained in the plant, in particular phytochemicals. In the course of plant digestion enzymes are also released, which can cause a chemical transformation of the bioactive substances contained in the press juice.

Thus, for example, in the digestion of cruciferous plants, activation of the enzyme myrosinase occurs, which converts the glucosinulates into the corresponding reactive isothiocyanates. The reaction time for the conversion of plant ingredients by enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the variety used. Thus, the required hydrolysis time for fruit juice is between 1 to 3 hours, in particular 2 hours, and for vegetable juice between 3 and 8 hours, especially 6 hours.

The press juice obtained from the digestion of bioactive substances and their hydrolysis products constitutes a multiphase mixture. This mixture also consists of several phases, such as a suspension of water and solid and of gaseous, liquid and solid materials which are in solution.

The bioactive substances contained in the press juice are preferably phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, protein and fats. The water content can be between 75 and 90%.

Some of the bioactive substances contained in the press juice, such as vitamins, show high oxidizability and high photosensitivity. Furthermore, the pressed juice has a high sensitivity to heat and cold. So are the optimum temperatures for a press juice from fruit between 24 ° C and 40 ⁰ C and a press juice from vegetables between -45 degrees Celsius and 49 ° C depending on the variety.

The dispersion of mineral and the plant ingredients contained suspension containing the bioactive substances, especially phytochemicals and their hydrolysis products, has a ratio of 1 to 3 to 1 to 9, preferably 1 to 5 to 1 to 9 on. The ratio depends on the proportion of bioactive substances in each plant. The mineral carrier is preferably completely saturated, whereby a maximum concentration of bioactive substances is achieved.

The dispersion time is about 8 hours with gentle stirring and a temperature of 35 ° C, preferably under vacuum. This leads to a preconcentration of the bioactive substances. The reaction vessel used is preferably temperature-controlled, provided with a stirring tool and designed for vacuum operation container.

During the dispersion time, both the complete enzymatic conversion of a part of the phytochemicals into new active substances and the physical adsorption of bioactive substances on the minerals takes place. The essence of the invention consists in the optimal binding of the bioactive substances in solution in the extract to a solid matrix which has both very good adsorption properties with respect to the bioactive substances and is capable of complete desorption in the small intestine.

Surprisingly, it has been found that naturally occurring mixed layers, which consist of swellable and non-swellable layers in an irregular sequence, correspond to these requirements after appropriate preparation.

Structurally, mixedlayer can be very different

Alternating layers are e.g. Kaolinite / smectite, chlorite / vermiculite, mica / vermiculite or very often alternating storage of illite / smectite. As a result, more versatile exchange reactions of cations and anions are possible than with pure clay minerals. This is why mixedlayer are particularly well suited for the binding of substances in solution.

As preferred minerals and smectite clay mineral, especially bentonite or montmorillonite, or finely divided natural zeolite can be used.

The minerals used have a high internal surface area and an optimum particle size of 1 to 10 μm, in particular 2 μm. Furthermore, the minerals are in cubic particle form.

The preferred clay minerals are also high

Water absorbency, good dispersibility and positive effects in humans and animals. They are approved as excipients for human and animal use.

A major disadvantage of mixedlayer is their low specific surface area and thus too small a number of adsorption sites compared to the zeolites and the bentonites in their natural composite.

In a further embodiment, this problem is solved by suspending the mixed layer in the extract and then subjecting it to mechanical activation by means of a wet comminution machine such as a cone mill. In the process, the alternating layers are torn open, new adsorption sites are created and immediately released by the dissolved bioactive substances occupied the extract. The conversion of the coarse-disperse clay suspension into a colloidal clay dispersion creates a huge specific surface area that substantially exceeds that of zeolites and bentonites. The choice of the optimal ratio of clay to extract results in a viscous colloidal clay dispersion after mechanical activation.

The adsorption of the bioactive substances, in particular phytochemicals, is advantageously carried out by means of physical adsorption, a chemical adsorption being prevented by a basic pH. The cohesive bond is reversible.

The drying of the dispersion obtained in step d), which is composed of the plant contained in the ingredients suspension and minerals, is carried out at temperatures up to 49 ° C, especially 20 to 45 ° C, depending on the profile of the bioactive substances of the respective plant.

For drying, the dispersion is preferably arranged in a thin layer of not more than 2 mm. The drying is preferably carried out under vacuum. Depending on the process engineering design, vacuum drying ovens, vacuum rotary thin-film evaporators, vacuum belt dryers or other systems can be used.

The clay dispersion is gently dried by means of vacuum drying, the drying temperatures should be between 20 ⁰ C and 60 ⁰ C depending on the nature of the loaded bioactive substances. Depending on the drying apparatus, a free-flowing or roughly aggregated product is obtained which, if appropriate, must still be disaggregated by impact mills. The residual moisture of 5 to 6% should not be exceeded or fallen below. This preserves properties of the clay mineral that are important for further processing.

The drying process removes the water from the layer interstices of the minerals and binds the bioactive substances that were not accumulated by physical adsorption through a positive bond. The result is a reversible, biomineral composite system.

As a result of the adsorption and drying, a material and form-locking bond between the particles of the mineral and the adsorbed and entrapped plant substances, in particular phytochemicals produced. It comes to the formation of reversible aggregates, which can be brought into dispersion or disaggregated by adding a suitable solvent, in particular of water.

Since the individual particles are in colloidal form, the adsorbed bioactive substances can be relatively easily desorbed in the intestinal tract. By aggregating during the drying of fine granules formed by non-conforming compounds and non-ionic substances are bound while ensuring a safe stomach passage.

Depending on the procedural design, a disintegration of the aggregated parts may be necessary. This process is preferably carried out in counter-rotating pin mills or in classifier mills. In this case, a maximum particle size of 30 microns is desirable.

The biomineral composite system which can be produced by the process according to the invention is a coarsely crystalline powder with cubic particles. The cubic particles are particularly well suited for direct tableting.

The powdery composite system is characterized by low oxidizability, low photosensitivity, low heat and cold sensitivity, and low adsorbability. By measuring the redox potential of freshly prepared samples stored after 1 year under the influence of light, air and temperature, there was no drop in the redox potential.

In one embodiment, the powdered composite system has a high gastroresistance, high bioavailability and a high dispersibility.

The powdery composite system advantageously has a high content of bioactive substances, which are preferably taken up in the anterior small intestine section.

The maximum particle size of the powdery composite system is preferably below the organoleptic threshold of 30 μm. The residual moisture content of the powdered composite system is approx. 5%. In the preferred use of bentonite as a carrier material, the powder can be used for direct tableting.

The biomineral composite system contains bioactive substances in high concentration. The proportion of bioactive substances in the powdered composite system is based on the total amount about 30%, based on the amount of the support material about 42%.

The composite system can be incorporated by its special properties in such galenic forms such as tablets, capsules, ointments, suppositories, suspensions, drinks, juice, gel or cream. Intensive dispersion makes possible a return to a colloidal clay dispersion, where no particles sediment out.

Due to the binding of the bioactive substances on the minerals according to the invention, it is now possible to stabilize the bioactive substances and to convert them into a storable form.

The powdery composite system according to the invention also makes it possible to administer all the bioactive substances, preferably contained in the press juice of the fruit and vegetables used. A time-consuming and costly isolation of individual active components is not necessary. Also, this approach offers the advantage of exploiting synergistic effects of the bioactive substances, which usually do not occur when using individual components.

The biomineral composite system can be used as a means of prevention and therapy in the form of dietary supplements, as a dietary balance, as a novel food, as a phytopharmaceutical, as a food additive and

Cosmetics. It can also be used to boost the immune system, in cancer therapy and / or in the treatment of bacterial and viral infections.

The biomineral composite system is characterized by a high degree of concentration of bioactive substances, low oxidizability, low photosensitivity, low heat and cold sensitivity, low adsorbability of foreign substances, high bioavailability and dispersibility. The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments, without restricting them to these examples.

embodiments

example 1

1. cell disruption

For cell disruption, a plant with the following characteristics is used (Table 1):

Table 1

The digestion of the plant cells was carried out with the Green Star juicer. It juices with powerful, but slowly rotating precision press rollers. At only

At 110 revolutions per minute, these press rollers mesh with one another like gears and gently press the juices. A sieve element with 0.5mm mesh holds the

Cellulose components of the plant cell largely back. The highly sensitive

Enzymes and valuable vitamins are retained in the juice. The juice yield is about 41% of the fresh produce used.

2. Dispersion

Subsequently, a dispersion of plant juice with Friedland bentonite (FIM GmbH) in a mass ratio of 5: 1 is prepared.

The Friedland bentonites have the following characteristics.

The particle size distribution (sludge analysis, DIN 18123) is <2.0 μm 72% by mass, 2.0-6.3 μm 10-15% by mass, 6.3-20 μm 8-12% by mass, 20-63 μm 1 mass %, <63μm 0.2 mass%.

Friedland bentonites have a total clay mineral content of between 75 to 78%. There are 44 mass% alternating storage (muscovite-montmorillonite mixed-layer mineral), 16 mass% muscovite, 15 mass% kaolinite / chlorite, 1 mass% glauconite, 20 mass% quartz, 5 mass% feldspar, 2 mass% carbonates and 1 mass% pyrite. The chemical analysis gives the following composition: 58.98% SiO ₂ , 0.99% TiO ₂ , 19.47% Al ₂ O ₃ , 6.89% Fe ₂ O ₃ , 0.023% MnO, 2.05% MgO, O, 49% CaO, 0.89% Na ₂ O, 3.07% K ₂ O and <0.01% F.

The bulk density is 0.75 t / m ³ , the specific surface area 170 m ² / g, the pH 8.3, the humidity about 5%, the H ₂ O absorption 150% Enslin, the content of dioxins at 0.2 ng / kg, and cation exchange capacity 50-60 meq / 100g.

The dispersing and reaction time is at a temperature of 35 ° C and with gentle stirring 8 h. After this time, the bentonite has reached its full swelling capacity. Some of the bioactive substances were bound by physical adsorption.

3. drying

The creamy dispersion is placed in a vacuum drying oven with a maximum thickness of 2mm. The drying takes place at 35 ° C and under vacuum. The drying time is about 8h. During this time, the water is removed from the layer interstices of the bentonite and the bioactive substances, which were not accumulated by physical adsorption, bound by a positive bond. The result is a reversible, biomineral composite system with larger aggregates with a residual moisture of 5%, which must be fed to a disintegration.

4. Crushing

The disintegration takes place with an opposite Contraplex pin mill of the company Alpine. The high impact speed ensures the maximum particle size below 30μm. The mean particle size is 9 μm.

5. Reversible biomineral composite system

The method shown on the example of the plant Brassica rapa causes a concentration of bioactive substances in comparison to the fresh mass by a factor of 6.5. On 100g biomineral composite system (BMV) come about 30g bioactive substances and about 70g bentonite. The capacity of the bentonite is about 43% of its own weight. The bioactive substances are released to the body in the digestive tract after dispersion of the BMV with water in the upper small intestine area. The now discharged bentonite can develop its positive effects in terms of pollutant uptake, binding pathogenic germs, antifungal effect, etc., when passing through the intestine. The bentonite in the BMV is thus not only the carrier for the bioactive plant substances, but at the same time also active ingredient for regulating the digestive system.

In addition, the bentonite in the BMV can be used to obtain different galenical dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, juice, gel, cream and others.

In the following Table 2 is exemplified the process of the gradual concentration of plant ingredients.

Table 2

The figures given in Table 2 result from the changes in the respective process stage or from measurements before and after drying.

Thus, the present method enables a concentration of the minerals contained in the plant, trace elements, vitamins and phytochemicals and their administration in an enriched form of the biomineral composite system. Example 2

Raw material used: Brassica rapa pulv. Extracting agent: Ethanol-water-oil mixture 50-45-5 Vol% Mineral: Friedländer clay flour <70μm

450 g Brassica powder is mixed with 1 liter extractant and extracted with intensive stirring for about 85 minutes. Subsequently, the cellulose components are separated by means of a centrifuge. 1 liter of extract is added to 350 g of clay powder and distributed optimally by intensive dispersion. The subsequent wet comminution by means of a cone mill enables optimal mechanical activation and comminution of the particles to a particle size of <5 μm. The colloidal loaded clay dispersion is dried in a vacuum dryer at a temperature of 45 ° C.

Yield: 560g biomineral composite system

Example 3

Used raw material: AINi sat. Bulbus pulv.

Extraction Agent: Ethanol-Water-Oil-Mixture 60-31 -9 Vol% Mineral: Friedländer Tonmehl <70μm

450g of raw material powder is mixed with 1 liter of extractant and extracted with vigorous stirring for about 85 minutes. Subsequently, the cellulose components are separated by means of a centrifuge. 360 g of clay powder are added to 1 liter of extract and optimally distributed by means of intensive dispersion. The subsequent wet comminution by means of a cone mill enables optimal mechanical activation and comminution of the particles to a particle size of <5 μm. The colloidal loaded clay dispersion is applied in a vacuum dryer at a

Temperature of 46 ° C dried.

Yield: 545g biomineral composite system

Example 4

Used raw material: Curcumae long. Rhizoma pulv. Extracting Agent: Ethanol-Water-Oil-Mixture 55-33-12 Vol% Mineral: Friedländer Tonmehl <70μm 460g raw material powder is mixed with 1 liter extractant and extracted with vigorous stirring for about 90 minutes. Subsequently, the cellulose components are separated by means of a centrifuge. 1 liter of extract is added to 350 g of clay powder and distributed optimally by intensive dispersion. The subsequent wet comminution by means of a cone mill enables optimal mechanical activation and comminution of the particles to a particle size of <5 μm. The colloidal loaded clay dispersion is dried in a vacuum dryer at a temperature of 49 ° C. Yield: 560g biomineral composite system

Example 5

Used raw material: Ground black currant Extractor: Ethanol-water-oil mixture 60-34-6 Vol% Mineral: Friedländer clay flour <70μm

400g raw material powder is mixed with 1 liter extractant and extracted with vigorous stirring for about 55 minutes. Subsequently, the cellulose components are separated by means of a centrifuge. 360 g of clay powder are added to 1 liter of extract and optimally distributed by means of intensive dispersion. The subsequent wet comminution by means of a cone mill enables optimal mechanical activation and comminution of the particles to a particle size of <5 μm. The colloidal loaded clay dispersion is dried in a vacuum dryer at a temperature of 46 ° C.

Yield: 550g biomineral composite system

Example 6

Used raw material: Avena sativa Fructus pulv.

Extraction Agent: Ethanol-Water-Oil-Mixture 60-31 -9 Vol% Mineral: Friedländer Tonmehl <70μm

360g raw material powder is mixed with 1 liter extractant and extracted with intensive stirring for about 60 minutes. Subsequently, the cellulose components are separated by means of a centrifuge. 360 g of clay powder are added to 1 liter of extract and optimally distributed by means of intensive dispersion. The subsequent wet comminution by means of a cone mill enables optimal mechanical activation and comminution of the particles to a particle size of <5 μm. The colloidally loaded clay dispersion is used in a vacuum dryer at

Temperature of 50 ⁰ C dried.

Yield: 550g biomineral composite system

Example 7

Used raw material: Thymi vulg. Herba pulv. Extracting Agent: Ethanol-Water-Oil-Mixture 85-10-5 Vol% Mineral: Friedländer Tonmehl <70μm

450g of raw material powder is mixed with 1 liter of extractant and extracted with vigorous stirring for about 49 minutes. Subsequently, the cellulose components are separated by means of a centrifuge. 1 liter of extract is added to 350 g of clay powder and distributed optimally by intensive dispersion. The subsequent wet comminution by means of a cone mill enables optimal mechanical activation and comminution of the particles to a particle size of <5 μm. The colloidal loaded clay dispersion is dried in a vacuum dryer at a temperature of 35 ° C. Yield: 550g biomineral composite system

Example 8

Raw material used: Equiseti Herba pulv. Extraction Agent: Ethanol-Water-Oil-Mixture 85-10-5 Vol% Mineral: Friedländer Tonmehl <70μm

460g raw material powder is mixed with 1 liter extractant and extracted with intensive stirring for about 60 minutes. Subsequently, the cellulose components are separated by means of a centrifuge. 360 g of clay powder are added to 1 liter of extract and optimally distributed by means of intensive dispersion. The subsequent wet comminution by means of a cone mill enables optimal mechanical activation and comminution of the particles to a particle size of <5 μm. The colloidal clay dispersion loaded is dried in a vacuum dryer at a temperature of 60 ⁰ C. Yield: 560g biomineral composite system

Example 9

Used raw material: Tabebuia avell. Cortex pulv. Extraction Agent: Ethanol-Water-Oil-Mixture 85-10-5 Vol% Mineral: Friedländer Tonmehl <70μm

350g raw material powder is mixed with 1 liter extractant and extracted with vigorous stirring for about 90 minutes. Subsequently, the cellulose components are separated by means of a centrifuge. 360 g of clay powder are added to 1 liter of extract and optimally distributed by means of intensive dispersion. The subsequent wet comminution by means of a cone mill enables optimal mechanical activation and comminution of the particles to a particle size of <5 μm. The colloidal loaded clay dispersion is dried in a vacuum dryer at a temperature of 49 ° C. Yield: 560g biomineral composite system

Claims

claims A method of concentrating bioactive substances from at least one plant using at least one mineral to form a reversible biomineral composite system marked by the following process steps: a) digestion of the plant and conversion of the plant constituents into at least one suspension, b) optionally dissolving the bioactive substances from the plant matrix using at least one extractant, c) separation of the cellulose constituents of the plant, in particular by means of filtration or separation of the suspension, d) preparation of a dispersion, in particular a colloidal dispersion, from the extract containing the plant constituents and at least one mineral, in particular a clay mineral, e) drying the dispersion prepared in step d), f) optionally disintegration of the parts aggregated in the dispersion. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a crop or green algae is used as a plant, which is available as food for humans or as cattle feed available. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that are used as a useful plant fruits, vegetables, herbs, medicinal herbs, spices and mushrooms. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an ethanol-water-oil mixture is used as the extraction agent. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a mineral Wechsellagerungstonmineralien, the layer portions of a) smectite type, preferably 20 to 95% and / or b) illite type, preferably 30 to 90% and / or c) kaolinite type, preferably 10 to 70% and / or d) vermiculite type, preferably 10 up to 70% and / or c) chlorite-type, preferably containing 10 to 70%, be used. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the colloidal dispersion from the extract contained in the plant ingredients and the mineral by a mechanical activation of the clay suspension by means of a wet-crushing machine, in particular a cone mill, is produced. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispersion of the plant ingredients contained Suspension and the mineral in a ratio of 1: 3 to 1: 9, preferably 1: 5 to 1: 9 depending on the plant produced. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispersion to produce a large Contact surface and under vacuum at temperatures between 20 and 60 ⁰ C is dried. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that for drying, the dispersion is placed in a thin layer of not more than 2mm and under Vacuum at temperatures between 20 and 49 ° C is dried. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that form aggregates during drying, which include non-adsorbed plant substances form fit. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biomineral composite system is re-dispersible by addition of a suitable solvent. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the disintegration is carried out with impact mills to form particles having a maximum size of 30 microns. 13. Biomineralisches composite system produced by a method according to any one of the preceding claims. 14. Biomineralisches composite system according to claim 13 characterized by a residual moisture of 5% to 6%. 15. Biomineralisches composite system according to one of claims 13 to 14, characterized in that it is in the form of tablets, capsules, ointments, suppositories, suspensions, drinks, juice, gel or creams. 16. Use of a biomineral composite system according to any one of claims 13 to 15 for the preparation of dietary supplements, dietary compositions, as Novel Food, as phytopharmaceuticals, as an additive in food and cosmetics and as a carrier of pharmaceutical active ingredients.