WO2010052075A1 - Traction mechanism, tractive drive comprising said traction mechanism, and lift installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a traction mechanism (1), a tractive drive comprising said traction mechanism, and a lift comprising said tractive drive. The traction mechanism is characterised in that the traction carrier (2) is coated with an elastomer material to form coated traction carriers (3). The coated traction carriers (3) are arranged next to each other in a plane in the cross-section of the traction mechanism, at such a distance from each other that there is a space (6) between two coated traction carriers (3). The coated traction carriers (3) are connected at the back by a rear layer, the space (6) beginning on the side facing away from the rear layer (4) extends up to the central point (5) of the traction carrier, and the ratio of the second diameter (d2) of the coated traction carrier (3) in relation to the first diameter (d1) of the traction carrier (2) is between 1.05 and 2.25. The tractive drive is characterised in that the traction mechanism can be driven by at least one traction disk, and each coated traction carrier (3) engages in a corresponding groove (10) of the traction disk (9). The rear layer (4) is arranged on the side of the coated traction carriers (3), that faces away from the side engaging in the grooves (10) of the traction disk (9), and at least one traction carrier (2) engages in the corresponding groove (10) of the traction disk (9) by between 5 % and 25 % of its diameter (d1).

Description

 description

Traction means, traction drive with this traction device and elevator system

The invention relates to a traction means, in particular for an elevator installation, a traction mechanism drive with this traction means and at least one traction sheave and an elevator installation, comprising this traction mechanism drive.

Traction means and traction mechanisms for elevator systems are known in the art. Ropes or belts are frequently used, with flat belts, V-ribbed belts or toothed belts being used as belts.

In the case of ropes as traction means, each individual rope is uniquely assigned its own rope groove on the traction sheave or other disk which drives the traction means. Each rope dives at least in part of its diameter in the corresponding rope groove. Each individual rope is an independent tension element and can also be operated individually. For higher outputs, either several ropes can be used in parallel or the rope diameter can be increased. The single rope is not only traction means for transmitting the tensile forces, but is also directly involved in the transmission of traction forces. Ropes as traction means have the advantage that the force is transmitted directly from the traction sheave on the ropes.

In belts as traction means several adjacent ropes are always embedded as a tensile carrier in a common elastomeric belt body. The tension members are completely encased with the elastomer material of the belt body, enclosed and embedded in this. The plane of the tension members lies far above the contact surface, which forms the belt with the corresponding pulley, wherein the timing belt Belt splines, in the case of V-ribs the wedging plane and, in the case of flat belts, directly the flat belt surface can be regarded as the contact surface. Between the tension member and the corresponding pulley a thick rubber layer is arranged in comparison to the diameter of the tension member. Here the tension members are exclusively responsible for the transmission of tensile forces, while the elastomeric material transmits the traction forces. Thus, the belt is subjected as a traction means, in particular the elastomer region between tension members and contact surface, during operation, high shear and shear stresses, whereby the risk of fatigue of the elastomeric material consists.

EP 1 396 458 A2, for example, discloses an elevator device in which a flat belt of elastomeric material reinforced with reinforcements is used as the traction means. EP 1 555 234 B1 discloses an elevator installation with a V-ribbed belt.

Belts offer over individual ropes the advantage that on the one hand the handling is easier, since during construction or maintenance of the belt drive not every single rope must be placed on each corresponding groove of the traction disc, but only the elastomeric body in which the tension members are embedded. In addition, small traction disk diameters can be used, since the embedded tensile carriers usually have relatively small diameters. In addition, belts as traction means are virtually maintenance-free, since no lubrication is required. However, in addition to friction between the traction sheave and elastomer, the transferable force is u.a. also dependent on the shear strength of the elastomeric material. Due to the shear of the elastomer material, such a belt is endangered fatigue.

For safety reasons, always at least two, usually three to five belts must be used in parallel in elevator systems. Since the belts contain a multitude of thin tension members (single ropes), the belt becomes relatively wide compared to a rope of equal strength. If several belts are now used in parallel, relatively wide traction disks and deflecting disks are required. US Pat. No. 6,739,433 discloses a traction means for an elevator installation, which is designed as a profiled flat belt, so that the area available for friction between traction disk and belt is increased. The transferable force is thus higher than in the case of a non-profiled flat belt, but here too the zone of force transmission between traction sheave and traction means is still clearly spaced from the tensile carriers by an elastomer layer of the elastomer body which is thick compared to the diameter of a tensile carrier, so that the Elastomer material of the flat belt is also heavily loaded on shear.

From the not yet published DE 10 2007 021 434.2 of the applicant, a traction means has become known, which consists of several juxtaposed and spaced apart tension members in the form of steel cables, which are sheathed by elastomer and are interconnected by a common backing layer.

The invention has for its object to provide a traction means of the type described, which is easy to handle and which can efficiently transfer high tensile forces without the risk of premature material fatigue. With regard to the traction drive of traction means and traction sheave high tensile forces without the risk of premature material fatigue should be transmitted and it should be compared to the known belt technology a less broad-based drive unit must be required.

This object is achieved in relation to the traction means in that the traction means has tensile carriers which are encased by elastomeric material to coated tension members, wherein the sheathed tensile carriers in the cross section of the traction means in a plane next to each other are arranged spaced from each other, so that between two sheathed tension members a free space is formed, wherein the sheathed tensile carriers are connected by a back layer with each other, wherein the free space on the side facing away from the back layer from beginning to at least beyond the center of the reinforcing member and wherein the ratio of the second diameter of the sheathed strength member to the first diameter of the reinforcement is between 1.05 and 2.25.

By virtue of this arrangement, the advantages of the belt technology with those of the cable technology are synergistically connected to those skilled in the art. The invention

Pulling means, which can also be referred to as "composite seam", is easy to handle and is almost maintenance-free.

The traction means according to the invention consists of a plurality of tension members, which are comparable to a plurality of individual cables of the rope technique. The tension members are encased with an elastomer layer which is very thin relative to the diameter of the tension member and connected to one another by a backing layer. The tension members are spaced apart on their lying on the traction disc wide side only by a very thin elastomer layer of the traction surface. This has the advantage that the thin sheathing material of the reinforcement is only slightly subjected to shear and material fatigue hardly takes place, the forces can still be transferred very well. Can be measured, the ratio of the second diameter of the coated strength member to the first diameter of the strength member, for example, in the plane which is spanned by the centers of the strength member. The fact that there is a free space between the coated reinforcements results in weight savings and thus easy handling. In addition, the free space allows engagement of the tension members of the traction means in corresponding grooves of the traction sheave, with which the traction means can cooperate.

The object is achieved with respect to the traction mechanism in that it consists of a described in this application traction means and at least one traction sheave through which the traction means is driven, wherein each sheathed tensile carrier of the traction means engages in a respective corresponding groove of the traction sheave, said the elastomeric backing layer is disposed on the side of the tension members facing away from the side engaging the grooves of the traction sheave, and wherein at least one bare tensile member engages at least 5% of its diameter in the corresponding groove of the traction sheave. Due to the directly engaging in the grooves of the traction sheave tension member is given a high power transmission. The zone of power transmission between traction sheave and traction means lies directly in the engagement zone. Due to its small thickness, the shear strength of the sheathing is only of minor importance. It is created an efficient working traction drive, with the high tensile forces can be transmitted without the risk of premature fatigue of the traction device. It is only a traction device according to the invention is required, not several ropes as in the rope technique or belt in the belt technology, so that a less broad-based drive unit can be used. It can be comparatively thin tensile carrier in the traction device according to the invention use, so that small traction disc diameter and narrow traction discs are structurally possible. For each traction means only one connecting element for connection to the example to be lifted elements is necessary.

It is advantageous if the thickness of the sheath of the tension member is in the range of 0.2 to 2 mm. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the sheath of the tension member is in the range of 0.5 to 1 mm. With these small thicknesses of the sheathing, this is subjected to a particularly low level of shear and the transmittable tensile force is correspondingly high. The life of the traction device and its manageability are improved.

The sheath of the tension members and the back layer consist in one embodiment of the same material.

In a development of the invention, it is provided that the casing consists of a first elastomer, which differs from a second elastomer of the back layer. By using different elastomers, a particularly wide variety of material combinations can be used, so that the traction means can be adjusted individually to a large number of applications. Advantageously, the elastomer or elastomers is preferably a polyurethane or polyurethane. Polyurethane has both good friction and good adhesion properties and is relatively insensitive to shear.

In a preferred development of the invention, the sheathing of the individual cables has an outer contour facing the traction sheave whose cross-section is a part-circular shape. The sheathing in all embodiments in cross-section in approximately circular reinforcement is carried out with uniform thickness around the reinforcement around. The shear stresses during operation of the traction mechanism drive are the lowest in this embodiment.

In other developments of the invention, the cross section of the outer contour is not part-circular, but for example trapezoidal, conical, elliptical, arcuate or square. The configuration of the cross sections of the sheathing in different geometries has the advantage that the composite rope can thus be adapted to a large number of traction sheave profiles.

In a further development of the invention, the ratio of the overall diameter of the sheathed tensile carrier (d2) to the thickness (D) of the composite <1. This reduces the material load, in particular with back deflection of the traction device via a smooth disc, below the tensile carrier. If d2 were equal to D, then the layer thickness at the back of the traction device would be equal to the layer thickness on the traction side and the material load with back deflection of the traction device via a smooth disc would be very high.

In a development of the invention, the back layer has a thickness c, where c <half the thickness (D) of the traction means. However, the thickness c may be variable, wherein the thickness c above the center of the tension member is thinner than between the tension members above the free space. C has at least the layer thickness of the sheath at its thinnest point. The maximum layer thickness of c should not exceed Vi D, as otherwise the flexural flexibility decreases considerably and larger bending diameters become necessary. In a further development of the invention, the individual ropes of the composite rope are spaced apart such that the distance between the centers of the individual ropes is less than or equal to five times the diameter dl of the uncoated tensile member and minimal dl + 1.5 mm.

These geometrical relationships, which can be combined with one another, serve for the optimal design of the traction means, so that the advantages with respect to flat belts remain and the traction carriers engage in the grooves of the traction disk and can transmit the forces optimally.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the back layer has a profiled surface on its side facing away from the traction disk. This profiling is used to better guide the traction device, if this must be performed over the spine around pulleys.

In a further embodiment of the invention, each traction device on at least four tension members. The security against twisting of the traction means is improved, so that a safe entry into the engagement zone of the traction sheave is ensured.

In all embodiments, steel cables are preferably used as tension members. In a further development of the invention, the ropes of a traction means are arranged alternately between S and Z impact. The risk of load-dependent twists is thereby minimized. An Gradzahligkeit the number of ropes used in a traction device improves this effect. Steel combines high tensile strength and fatigue strength with good adhesion to elastomers.

In a further development of the invention, the diameter of the individual ropes is between 1.5 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 1.8 and 5.5 mm, particularly preferably between 2 and 4 mm. In this diameter range, a particularly good ratio of minimum diameter of the traction sheave and high load capacity is given. In a development of the invention, the side of the traction mechanism facing away from the traction sheave has a cover coating. In one development of the invention, the cover coating is formed from a flat textile, for example a woven fabric. With such a coating, both the friction and the wear resistance of the traction device can be improved.

The ratio of the second diameter of the sheathed tension member to the first diameter of the tension member is preferably between 1.2 and 1.6.

It is also essential on the traction mechanism drive according to the invention that at least the apex of the sheathed tension carrier rests on the surface of the corresponding groove of the traction sheave.

Further features, advantages and details of the invention will now be described with reference to FIG

Drawing illustrating a schematic embodiment of a traction mechanism drive, explained in more detail:

In the single figure, a cross section is shown by a traction mechanism, which is particularly suitable for use in an elevator system. The traction mechanism drive has a traction means 1 and a traction sheave 9, through which the traction means 1 can be driven.

The traction means 1 has six tension members 2, which are encased by elastomeric material 11 to sheathed tension members 3. The tension members 2 are ropes made of steel. The sheathed tensile carriers 3 are - viewed in cross-section of the traction means - arranged in a plane next to each other in such spaced relation to each other, so that between two immediately adjacent sheathed tension members 3, a free space 6 is formed. The sheathed tensile carrier 3 are connected by a back layer 4 back to each other. The space 6 begins on the side facing away from the backsheet 4 and extends over one Level 12, which is formed by the centers 5 of the tension members 2 out. The diameter (d2) of the sheathed tension member 3 is 3.5 mm and the diameter (dl) uncoated, bare tension member 2 is 2.5 mm. The ratio of the second diameter (d2) of the sheathed tension member 3 to the first diameter (d1) of the tension member 2 is 1.4. The sheathing of the tension member 2 with elastomeric material is comparatively thin at 0.5 mm. This has the advantage that the cladding material is only slightly subjected to shear and the elastomer material is not significantly fatigued. In addition, the forces of the traction disc can be transferred very well. The sheathing 3 of the tension members 2 has an outer contour facing the traction sheave 9, the cross section of which corresponds to a partial circular shape and has a radius R 1 of 1.75 mm. The traction sheave 9 facing broad side of the traction means consisting of part circle forms, wherein the forming the part circular sheathed steel cables engage in corresponding grooves 10 in the traction sheave 9. The grooves 10 have a contour which corresponds to a circular circle shape with the radius R2 of 1.85 mm. It is particularly important that the tension members 2 engage the grooves 10 of the traction sheave 9 without and in spite of their elastomer sheathing, at least 5%.

The sheathing of the reinforcement and the back layer 4 are made of PU. The ratio of the diameter (d2) of the sheathed tension member (2) to the total thickness (D) of the traction means (1) is D = 0.95. The back layer 4 has a thickness c, where c is <1 mm at its thinnest point. The tension members 2 of the traction means 1 are spaced apart from one another such that the distance t of the centers 5 of the tension members 2 is 4.5 mm.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

(Part of the description)

I traction means 2 tension members

3 sheathed tension member

4 backsheet

5 midpoint of the cross section of the tension member

6 clearance 7 sheathing of the tension member

8 Thickness of the sheathing of the tension member

9 traction disc

10 groove of the traction disc

I 1 elastomeric material 12 plane

dl diameter of the tension member d2 diameter of the sheathed tension member

D Thickness of the traction device c Thickness of the backing layer t Distance between the centers of the second immediately adjacent tensile member

Rl radius of the sheathed tension member

R2 radius of the groove of the traction disc

Claims

claims 1. traction means (1), in particular for an elevator installation, with tension members (2) which are sheathed by elastomeric material to sheathed tension members (3), wherein the sheathed tension members (3) are arranged in a cross-section of the traction means in a plane next to each other so spaced apart in that a free space (6) is present between two sheathed tension members (3), the sheathed tension members (3) being connected rearwardly by a back layer (4), the free space (6) facing away from the back layer (4) Side starting at least over the center (5) of the tension member and wherein the ratio of the second diameter (d2) of the sheathed tension member (3) to the first diameter (dl) of the tension member (2) between 1.05 and 2.25, preferably between 1, 2 and 1, 6. 2. traction means according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of Ummante- ment (3) of the tension members (2) in the range of 0.2 - 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 - 1 mm. 3. traction means according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sheath (3) is formed of an elastomer which differs from the elastomer of the back layer (4). 4. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastomer is preferably a polyurethane. 5. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheath (3) of the tension members (2) has one of the traction sheave (10) facing outer contour, whose cross section corresponds to a partial circle shape. 6. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheath (7) of the tension member (2) one of the traction sheave (9) assigned has outer contour, the cross section of a partial circular shape deviating, preferably trapezoidal, square, elliptical, arcuate or conical. 7. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of diameter (d2) of the sheathed tension member (2) to the total thickness (D) of the traction means (1) D <1. 8. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized marked, that the back layer (4) has a thickness (c), wherein c at its thinnest Position <half the thickness D of the composite rope (1). 9. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tension members (2) of the traction means (1) are spaced apart such that the distance (t) of the centers (5) of the tension members (2) is less than or equal to five times the diameter (dl) of the tensile carrier (2) and minimum dl + 1.5 mm. 10. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the back layer (4) has a profiled surface. 11. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each traction means (1) has at least four tension members (2). 12. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized marked, that the tension members (2) ropes, preferably made of steel. 13. traction means according to claim 12, characterized in that the ropes (2) alternately have an S and Z impact. 14. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of tension members (2) per traction device (1) is even. 15. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of a tension member (2) is between 1.5mm and 8mm. 16. traction means according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the backing layer has a cover coating. 17. traction means according to claim 19, characterized in that the cover coating is formed from a flat textile, for example a fabric. 18. Traction drive, in particular for an elevator installation, from a traction means (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims and at least one traction sheave through which the traction means can be driven, one sheathed traction carrier (3) each having a corresponding groove (10). the traction sheave (9) engages, wherein the elastomeric backing layer (4) is arranged on the side of the tension members (2) facing away from the side engaging in the grooves (10) of the traction sheave (9) and wherein at least one tension member is attached to at least 5% of its diameter (dl) engages in the corresponding groove (10) of the traction sheave (9). 19. elevator installation, characterized in that it comprises a traction mechanism according to claim 18.